Diffuse Reflectors - Page 123 Essentials of Reflection & Table of Contents

Essentials of Reflection Reflection describes the redirec- results when the roughness of tion of optical radiation when it the boundary is small in com- reaches a boundary between parison with the wavelength of two different media. A basic the reflected radiation. According distinction is drawn between to the law of reflection which diffuse and specular reflection. applies in this case, the angle of In diffuse reflection,reflection the reflection the incident and reflected rays of directional incoming radiation form the same angle with the flux is scattered in many direc- normal in reference to the reflect- tions. This is caused by rough- ing surface at the point of inci- Ideal diffuse reflection Diffuse reflection with directional ness at the boundary surface dence. The angle α is known as (Lambertian surface) component where the roughness is of the the angle of incidence, and the same order of magnitude as the angle α’ is known as the angle of perfectly diffusely reflected inde- • Calibration standards for wavelength. Lambert’s cosine reflection. pendent of its incident angle to optical distance sensors law applies, to a good approxi- Reflectance describes the rela- the surface. Typical applications • Large area reflectors for uni- mation, to perfectly diffusing tionship of the reflected radiation are: form back lighting surfaces. This law states that the power (luminous flux) to the • Integrating spheres used for • Projection screens radiant intensity I at the emission incident radiation power luminous flux and radiant angle e of a perfectly diffusing (luminous flux). When the reflec- power measurements surface A of radiance L has a tance is the same for all wave- Standard forms and sizes are • Integrating spheres used for magnitude given by I = LA cos lengths this is known as nonnon-- available as described in this uniform light sources chapter. Gigahertz-Optik also e. It follows that the radiance of a selective reflectance. If the reflec- • Lambert surface is the same in tance of a boundary surface Diffuse reflectance standards offers full custom service for all directions. Such a completely depends primarily on the wave- for uniformity calibration of machined parts and surface matte, white material scatters length, or if reflection only takes imaging sensors coatings. evenly in all directions, reflecting place at in a very narrow range of • Diffuse reflectance standards (transmitting) the radiation inde- wavelengths, the reflectance is for reflectance measuring pendently of the angle, and has selective. systems a reflection factor (transmission Diffuse Reflecting Surfaces • Calibration standards for light factor) with the value 1. are required in applications based remote control systems Directed or specular reflection where light needs to be nearly

Table of Contents Page Model Type Wavelength Reflectance Size Specifica- Range % mm inch tion ODM: Optical Diffuse Material (OP.DI.MA.) OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material: General Description and Specifications 124-126 ODM98-B01 200 x 200 x 200 7.8 x 7.8 x 7.8 ODM98-B02 120 x 120 x 250 4.7 x 4.7 x 9.8 ODM98-B03 120 x 120 x 120 4.7 x 4.7 x 4.7 ODM98-B04 65 x 65 x 500 2.5 x 2.5 x 19.6 ODM98-B05 98 @ 555 nm 65 x 65 x 245 2.5 x 2.5 x 9.6 ODM98-B06 65 x 65 x 120 2.5 x 2.5 x 4.7 ODM98-B07 Raw Block Material 250-2500 nm 170 dia x 190 6.6 dia x 7.4 ODM98-B08 76 x 76 x 250 2.9 x 2.9 x 9.8 ODM50-B11 50 @ 555 nm 65 x 65 x 150 2.5 x 2.5 x 5.9 126-127 ODM03-B11 3 @ 555 nm 65 x 65 x 150 2.5 x 2.5 x 5.9 ODM98-B13 98 @ 555 nm 52 dia x 250 2.0 dia x 9.8 ODM98-P01 520 x 260 x 12 20.4 x 10.2 x 0.47 ODM98-P02 310 x 310 x 12 12.2 x 12.2 x 0.47 ODM98-P03 Raw Plate Material 250-2500 nm 98 @ 555 nm 260 x 260 x 12 10.2 x 10.2 x 0.47 ODM98-P04 135 x 135 x 12 5.3 x 5.3 x 0.47 ODM98-P05 55 x 55 x 12 2.1 x 2.1 x 0.47 ODMxx-P01 Raw Plate Material 250-2500 nm xx @ 555 nm 520 x 260 x 12 20.4 x 10.2 x 0.47 ODMxx-P02 gray scaled Availability 310 x 310 x 12 12.2 x 12.2 x 0.47 on request Page 124 - Diffuse Reflectors Table of Contents / OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material

Table of Contents Page Model Type Wavelength Reflectance Size Specifi- Range % mm inch cation ODM: Optical Diffuse Material (OP.DI.MA.) ODMxx-P03 xx @ 555 nm 260 x 260 x 12 10.2 x 10.2 x 0.47 ODMxx-P04 Raw Plate Material Availability 135 x 135 x 12 5.3 x 5.3 x 0.47 126-127 gray scaled 250-2500 nm on request ODMxx-P05 55 x 55 x 12 2.1 x 2.1 x 0.47 ODM98-F01 95 @ 555 nm 1.5 x 300 x 1000 0.059 x 11.8 x 39 ODM98-F02 Raw Foil Material 250-2500 nm 75 @ 555 nm 0.2 x 105 x 1000 0.007 x 4.1 x 39 127 ODM98-F03 90 @ 555 nm 0.5 x 105 x 1000 0.02 x 4.1 x 39 ODM98-MP01 50.8 x 50.8 x 10.5 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.41 ODM98-MP02 100 x 100 x 10.5 3.9 x 3.9 x 0.41 ODM98-MP03 Machined Plate 250-2500 nm 98 @ 555 nm 200 x 200 x 10.5 7.8 x 7.8 x 0.41 127-128 ODM98-MP04 300 x 300 x 10.5 11.8 x 11.8 x 041 ODM98-MD01 31.7 dia x 10.5 1.25 x 0.41 ODM98-MD02 50.8 dia x 10.5 2 x 0.41 ODP97: Optical Diffuse Paint ODP97-1.0 White Diffuse Coating 300-2400 nm 97 @ 555 nm 1 l bottle ODP-LS High viscosity sprayer for ODP-97 129-130 ODP-RSB Spare Part Bottle for ODP-LS ODP-RSP Pressure Unit for ODP-LS ODG95: Optical Diffuse Gold ODG95 Gold Coating 1 µm to 20 µm 95 Coating Service 130

General Description reflection. The surface of the material can A side effect of volume reflection be re-machined and cleaned is a variation in transit times of prolonging its operational life. the reflected radiation within the Careful selection of the base ma- material eliminating constant terial and execution of the manu- differences in phase and there- facturing process inhibit the oc- fore the speckling effect associ- currence of fluorescent effects. ated with coherent radiation. Of course, these outstanding In pure form, 10 mm properties are accompanied by thick OP.DI.MA. some limitations: the material can exhibits a reflec- only be manufactured in block tance of up to 98.5% form. This generally necessitates in the visible spec- performing cutting operations to trum and a minimum shape the material to the desired reflectance of 93% form. As a volume reflector, the within the wavelength reflection factor depends on the range from 250 nm to material thickness. The material 2.5 µm. Additives can not be applied as a coating allow a reduced so successful use of ODM re- graduation in re- quires correct implementation flectance from and processing strategy. 98.5% to 2 %. This chapter provides assistance Other properties of for the proper application of OP.DI.MA. include a maximum ODM. OP.DI.MA. is a plastic material reflects from many boundaries operating temperature of up to Please contact the factory for which works as a volume reflec- within the material itself. This re- 280° C, insolubility in water and personalized service. tor. This means that radiation sults in a nearly perfect diffuse resistance to UV degradation. Diffuse Reflectors - Page 125 OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material

Specifications

OP.DI.MA. Reflectance - 10 mm thick

ODM98 is OP.DI.MA. in its fects caused by surfaces soiled 10 0 purest form offering the highest from grease (fingerprints) or oil possible reflectance. are similar to those of other A reflectance of 98% +/- 1% is optical components. If the sur- 80 specified in the visible wave- face cannot be cleaned using length range from 400 to 800 distilled water (without pressure), 60 nm, whereas a minimum reflec- material must be removed. After tance of 93 % is specified within cleaning with water or if it is sus- the entire useful wavelength pected that liquids have been 40 range from 250 nm to 2.5 µm. absorbed into the material, the ) Reflectance% ( Level and quality of reflectance plastic must be baked. 20 depends on material properties, ODMxx Gray Scale OP.DI.MA. surface conditions and thick- (xx = reflectance value) is pro- ness. Any mechanical abrasion duced by using an appropriate 0 of the surface may result in additive in different quantities. 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 specular reflections. Also, Reflectance values down to a Wavelength ( nm ) penetration by volatile substan- minimum of 2% are possible. ces alters ODM98’s reflective be- Gigahertz-Optik offers gray-scale (ODM03) to brilliant white sizes supplied on request. havior. The adverse optical ef- OP.DI.MA. from deep black (ODM98). Available shapes and OP.DI.MA. Reflectance - less than 10 mm thick Light is partially reflected within 10 0 • Knife-edge integrating sphere the material itself. As a result, a port design minimum thickness of 10 mm is 80 recommended to obtain the • Large size reflectors optimum reflectance as • Diffuser windows 60 specified. A 10 mm minimum thickness is As a is a volume reflector, also recommended for all types OP.DI.MA. reflectance decreases 40 1.5 mm of reflectance standards. with thickness. ) reflectance % ( 0.5 mm But since about 70% of the In some applications OP.DI.MA. 20 0.35 mm less than 10 mm thick is reflectance in the visible spec- 0.2 mm required. Examples are: trum is accomplished within the first few hundred micrometers of 0 • Replacement of printed card- the material, the slight reduction 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 board reflectance standards is acceptable for many wavelength ( nm ) applications . OP.DI.MA. spectral reflectance as a function of thickness Ageing Characteristics

1,15 The anti-ageing characteristic of ageing test on an OP.DI.MA. OP.DI.MA. is one deciding crite- reflection standard with a 420 W ria for its selection above other halogen-metal vapor lamp oper- 1,10 1 materials in many applications. ating in the 250 to 400 nm wave- 2 Its fundamental long term stabil- length range. Field reports in- 3 ity results from the basic material volving applications using high- 4 itself, in association with a care- powered pump chambers, exci- 1,05 5 ful manufacturing process em- mer lasers and on-line fluores- ploying ISO 9001 certified Quality cence sensors confirm minimal Management, and has no real ageing under exposure to UV. variation in reflectance in variation 1,00 limitations. Quantitative data on Other factors of a proprietary UV resistance is only provisional, nature involving material han- because of the many factors dling are also responsible for the 0,95 which actively influence practical good ageing characteristics. 250 300 350 400 applications. One test, as shown Wellenlänge ( nm ) in the adjacent graph, shows an Typical changes in reflectance resulting from UV radiation with a 420 W halogen-metal vapour lamp ((ULTRATECH 400/OSRAM). (1) = Beginning of measurement, 2) = 15 min, 3) = 2 hrs. 4) = 5 hrs., 5) =7 hrs.. After about 100 hours of ageing the characteristic output was approximately reached. This result agrees with the research results from the NPL (UK) for this kind of material.

Maximum Permissible Radiation Flux Density The maximum permissible radia- In a series of tests an ODM re- pulse length 200 µs, the repeti- density of 13.3 GW/m2 did not tion flux density for OP.DI.MA. flection standard was exposed to tion rate 25 Hz and the mean yield any detectable alterations. can, like many other parameters, pulsed laser radiation. The wave- power was 21 W. The peak Surface impurities were removed only be described through par- length of the laser was 1064 nm, power of 4.2 kW resulting from by the laser itself at the start of ticular examples. the focus diameter 200 µm, the this, representing a radiation flux the test series. Page 126 - Diffuse Reflectors OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material

Temperature Behavior

0,4 OP.DI.MA. is capable of operat- ond diagram shows a constant 100oC ing in high temperatures up to change in the reflection factor of ° 0,3 280 C. This allows the material about 1%. Thus it is recom- to be used in intense applica- mended for applications involv- 0,2 50oC tions environments. Investiga- ing high operating temperatures tions of the reflection factor de- that the material be subjected to 0,1 pendency on the operating tem- an appropriate stabilization proc- perature indicate that it is highly ess.

deviation ( % ) ( % deviation 0 stable. Of course, at very high tempera- 25oC The adjacent graph shows that tures, the mechanical stability of -0,1 the reflection factor during tem- all plastics must be considered. perature cycles from room tem- ° -0,2 perature up to +100 C remains 330 380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730 780 stable. In fact the measured wavelength ( nm ) deviation was within the repeti- tion accuracy of the experimental Typical change in spectral reflectance vs. temperature. The spectral re- set-up used. Using temperature flection factor at 25° C is represented by the reference line. cycles up to +170° C the sec- ODM - Optical Diffuse Material Machining OP.DI.MA. is not perience with processing plas- as lathe work, drilling, sawing, material for customer processing difficult for those with some ex- tics. All machining methods such milling, etc., are possible. Block is presented later in this chapter. Cleaning OP.DI.MA. is chemically inert, sues (lint-free, no pressure). (amorphous) structure of the which diminish the reflective and is stable against acids, Other impurities can be removed plastic. After cleaning, which properties can be removed by bases and other organic sol- with water/alcohol mixtures or can, for instance, be carried out removing the top layer with fine- vents. A special manufacturing with methylene chloride or hex- using solvent-soaked paper grained abrasive paper. It is process also gives it high me- ane (hexane is appropriate for tissues, the plastic must be recommended that calibrated chanical stability. These proper- organic impurities). When clean- ”baked” at a temperature near reflection standards be re- ties mean that dust, for instance, ing with solvents, these pene- the solvent’s boiling point. calibrated after cleaning. can be removed with paper tis- trate into the micro-porous Scratches and ”polished” areas Specifications

ODM98 Reflectance Density g/cm3 1.5 Material Reflectance 400-800 nm 250-2500 nm Hardness Shore D 30-40 % @ 555 nm Max. Operating Temp. oC 280 ODM98 98 98 % +/- 1 % min. 93 % Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 75-150 *10-6 ODM70 70 70 % +/- 5 % - Thermal Conductivity kcal/mhoC 0.2 ODM50 50 50 % +/- 5 % - Resistivity (DIN 53482) Ωcm 1016 ODM25 25 25 % +/- 5 % - Water Solubility* insoluble ODM03 3 3 % +/- 1.5 % - Resistance to Chemicals high** *Material is porous, reflectance properties will change with absorption of liquids **A list of materials which OP.DI.MA. is resistant to is available

ODM-B & ODM-P: Raw Block and Raw Plate Material

OP.DI.MA. is produced in raw der. This allows block dimen- blocks and raw plates. sions to be more appropriately Gigahertz-Optik or ”do-it-your- adapted to the dimensions of the self” customers can manufacture end product, thus reducing the desired end product by ma- waste. chining these blocks and plates. For fast lead times on small Please contact our technical quantities, Gigahertz-Optik sales department to discuss your keeps various standard sizes in application requirements. stock. Along with the ODM98 high reflectance grade material a smaller selection of ODM gray scale raw stock is available. Subject to a minimum batch size, other block dimensions can be produced on custom or- Diffuse Reflectors - Page 127 OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material

Ordering Information & Specifications Raw Block Material Raw Plate Material Reflectance Model min. Dimension (mm) Model Dimension (mm) @ 555 nm 400-800 nm 250-2500 nm ODM98-B01 200 x 200 x 200 ODM98-P01 520 x 260 x 12 ODM98-B02 120 x 120 x 250 ODM98-P02 310 x 310 x 12 ODM98-B03 120 x 120 x 120 ODM98-P03 260 x 260 x 12 ODM98-B04 65 x 65 x 500 ODM98-P04 135 x 135 x 12 98 98 +/- 1 % min. 93 % ODM98-B05 65 x 65 x 245 ODM98-P05 55 x 55 x 12 ODM98-B06 65 x 65 x 120 ODM98-B07 170 dia. x 190 ODM98-B08 76 x 76 x 250 ODM98-B13 52 dia. X 250 ODMxx-B11 65 x 65 x 150 ODMxx-P01 520 x 260 x 12 Typical Values - ODMxx-P02 310 x 310 x 12 - 70 % +/- 5 % ODMxx-P03 260 x 260 x 12 *) 50 % +/- 5 % - ODMxx-P04 135 x 135 x 12 25 % +/- 5 % - ODMxx-P05 55 x 55 x 12 3 % +/- 1.5 % - *) available in different gray scale reflectance values. Please contact the factory for stock status

Raw Foil Material In addition to its high reflectance Gigahertz-Optik offers OP.DI.MA. and its diffuse reflectance foil sheets with a material characteristic, a further advan- thickness of 1.5 mm which can tage of OP.DI.MA. is the high be bonded to a substrate. The level of uniformity of these para- example application shown is a meters. This makes it an appro- projection screen about 3 m x 4 priate material for the construc- m in size. tion of large-area diffuse reflec- Another application for these tors. A few examples of the many sheets is coating the inner applications of this type are surfaces of large diameter white-comparison standards in integrating spheres (Ulbrichtsche opto-electronic scanner systems, Kugel). projection screens in large viewing angle applications, and To learn more about ODM, white standards for image please contact our technical processing systems. The sales department who will be differing reflecting ray transit happy to personally advise you. times associated with a volume- diffusing material reduces laser speckling effects.

Ordering Information and Specifications Model Basic Material Dimensions Reflectance Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Length (m) Wavelength @ 555 nm ODM98-F01 ca. 1.5 +/- 0.1 300 95 % ODM98-F02 ODM98 ca. 0.2 +/- 0.05 105 In Rolls of 250-2500 nm 75 % min. 1 meter ODM98-F03 ca. 0.5 +/- 0.1 105 90 %

Machined Reflectance Plates

OP.DI.MA. is used in many appli- nesses are available on request. an adhesive backing. Absolute service is available. cations as a reflectance standard All plates can be supplied with spectral reflectance calibration because of its diffuse, spectrally flat, reflective properties. Gigahertz-Optik carries various sizes and shapes with one side in high quality optical finish as standard components 2 mm thick reflec- Besides standard sizes with fast tance standards with 10 mm thick re- lead time based on small quanti- adhesive backing for flectance plates ties, custom sizes and thick fast and easy surface and disks mounting Page 128 - Diffuse Reflectors OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material

Ordering Information and Specifications Model Dimension Reflectance % Size (mm) Thickness (mm) Optical Finish 400-800 nm 250-2500 nm ODM98-MP01 50 x 50 +/- 0.2 ODM98-MP02 100 x 100 +/- 0.2 10.5 +0/-1 1 side 98+/-1 % min 93 % ODM98-MP03 200 x 200 +/- 0.2 ODM98-MP04 300 x 300 +/- 0.2 ODM98-MD01 31.7 dia. +0/-0.1 (back side faced 0.3/45 deg.) ODM98-MD02 50.8 dia. +0/-0.1 (back side faced 0.3/45 deg.)

Custom Service Besides standard parts and ing to customer specifications single and O.E.M. quantities. machined components Giga- starting with the most suitable Machining processes include Please contact the factory for hertz-Optik will custom design and cost effective raw stock size simple cutting of plates to size help in the selection of the most and machine OP.DI.MA. accord- and form. as well as full CNC machining in cost effective process for your Gigahertz-Optik Custom Services

Formed ODM: Self-Adhesive: ODM Foil Cutting Service: ODM Block Machining: The OP.DI.MA. manufacturing Gigahertz-Optik offers OP.DI.MA. Gigahertz-Optik offers a cost In-house full custom machining process does not permit molding reflectance plates with an adhe- effective sheet cutting service. service including drilling, milling of complex parts, but larger size sive backing for fast and simple and lathe work operations are parts in simple shapes such as mounting especially for thin ODM Plate Shape Cutting: available. hemispheres can be formed plates. Gigahertz-Optik offers precision CNC processing to customer saving extra material costs. shape cutting services for ma- design drawings or CAD draw- chined plates. ings made by Gigahertz-Optik to customer specifications is offered.

OP.DI.MA. Integrating Spheres

Gigahertz-Optik manufactures a wide range of OP.DI.MA. integrating spheres. OP.DI.MA. offers substantial improvements over barium sulfate coatings: • Improved diffuse multiple internal reflections for better uniformity • Higher operating temperature for high power light measurements • Higher reflectance for high UMBK Series: UPK Series: Application Service: intensity uniform light sources Cost effective integrating sphe- Precision CNC machined Al Gigahertz-Optik offers uniform • More rugged coating charac- res using spun aluminum hous- housing integrating spheres with light sources, luminance and teristic ings. Sphere diameters from 7.5 high tolerance multiple port lay- spectral radiance standards as • High UV reflectance to 18 inch (190 to 460 mm). outs. Sphere diameters from 0.3 well as light intensity (laser Please refer to catalog section Contact our sales engineers to to 10 inch (8 to 254 mm). power, radiant power, luminous ‘Integrating Spheres’ and ‘Cali- discuss custom sizes and de- Contact our sales engineers to flux) measurement systems bration Standards & Uniform sign services. discuss custom sizes and de- based on the UMBK and UPK Light Sources’ for more details. sign services. series integrating spheres. Con- tact us for personal assistance. Diffuse Reflectors - Page 129 OP.DI.MA. Optical Diffuse Material / ODP Optical Diffuse Paint

OP.DI.MA. Reflectance Standards

Reflection Standards:

Gigahertz-Optik offers reflectance standards made from machined OP.DI.MA. in different shapes and sizes. Standards are supplied in hous- ings with a removable cap for safe storage. NIST and NRC traceable calibration service for spectral reflectance from 250 to BN-Rxx-D Series: BN-Rxx-SQ Series: 2500 nm is available. 2 inch (50.8 mm) diameter spec- Reflectance standards from 2 x 2 tral reflectance standards are to 18 x 18 inch ( 50 x 50 to 457 x Refer to the ‘Calibration Stan- available with and without 8/D 457 mm) are available with and dards’ section for more details. hemispherical reflectance without 8/D hemispherical reflec- calibration certificate tance calibration certificate

ODP97: Optical Diffuse Paint

General Description

ODP97 is a white diffuse reflect- structions concerning surface ing mixture used for coating inte- preparation and coating proce- 10 0 grating spheres, sphere compo- dure are included. nents, large size panels and A ODP97 repair kit is available 80 irregular surfaces. which includes a glass bottle The coating is based on pure and air pressure unit for coating 60 barium sulfate and supplied in a of small surface areas and ac- proprietary solution including a cessories. 40 binder. The binder is needed for Gigahertz-Optik offers a full cus- reflectance ( % ) reflectance % ( good adhesion of the coating to tom coating service. Custom 20 the applied surface. Binder con- paint for rugged applications or centration is kept low to avoid gray scale additives for photo- 0 any optical effect. metric applications are also 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 The paint is ready for instant ap- available on request. wavelengt h ( nm ) plication as supplied. 4 to 8 Please contact the factory to dis- coats are needed to get the best cuss your project. diffuse and high reflectance. In-

ODP97 Optical Diffuse Paint

Ordering Information & Specifications ODP97 exhibits a typical reflectance of 97 % in the visible spec- Model Description Reflectance tral range with a useable range ODP97-1.0 ODP97 in 1000 ml bottle 400-800 nm ~ 97 % specified from 300 nm to 2400 500 ml covers about 200 square inches / 1200 cm² nm. The mixture is supplied ready for instant and non-toxic application. Gigahertz-Optik’s proprietary barium sulfate solution can be shipped anywhere without special permits and comes in 1000 ml plastic bottles.

ODP97-RS High Viscosity Laboratory Sprayer

Ordering Information & Specifications The ODP97-RS laboratory spray bottle can be used for service Model Description purposes or for coating small ODP97-LS High Viscosity Laboratory Sprayer. 1 pc. bottle and 1 components. pc. pressure unit The complete unit includes one ODP-RSB 1 pc. 90 ml bottle 90 ml bottle and one pressure unit for applying ODM97 coating ODP-RSP 1 pc. pressure unit or other high viscosity fluids. Page 130 - Diffuse Reflectors ODP Optical Diffuse Paint / ODG95 Optical Diffuse Gold

Custom Coating Service Custom coating services for new coating service for your particular components as well as recoating application requirements. service of Gigahertz-Optik or other manufacturer’s products is available. The service is offered for single units as well as for O.E.M. quantities. Please contact the factory to discuss the most economic

Integrating Spheres with Barium Sulfate Coating

Gigahertz-Optik manufactures a set-ups. Accurate reflection and wide range of ODP97 barium transmittance measurement sulfate coated integrating sphe- applications require the higher res. tolerances of the precision Barium sulfate offers an machined UPB sphere line. economical coating solution, especially for larger diameter Please refer to sections ’Inte- spheres. grating Spheres’ and ’Calibration The UMBB sphere line Standards & Uniform Light Sour- represents one of the most ces’ for more information. flexible and cost effective design concepts for individual sphere

ODG95: Optical Diffuse Gold

100

40 reflectance( % )

ODG95 is an uncoated 20 gold which outperforms all other uncoated metallic reflectors at 0 infrared wavelengths. Gold’s high reflectivity in the red portion 250 1300 2350 3400 4450 6000 8100 10200 12750 18000 of the visible spectrum is appar- wavelength ( nm ) ent by it’s yellow hue. With its ~ 95 % high reflectivity in dards in IR applications. Its gold coated integrating spheres Sources’ for more information. the wavelength range from 1 µm highly diffuse reflectivity is a and reflectance standards. Standard products and custom to 20 µm, gold is the best choice result of a proprietary pre- Please check sections ‘Inte- design components are offered. for surface coating of integrating coating surface preparation. grating Spheres’ and ‘Calibration spheres and reflectance stan- Gigahertz-Optik supplies both Standards & Uniform Light

Integrating Spheres with Gold Coating

ODG95 gold coated integrating Please refer to chapter Integrat- spheres are designed for appli- ing Sphere for more information. cations in the infrared spectral range. The UMBG sphere line represents one of the most flexible and cost effective design concepts for individual sphere set- ups. Accurate reflection and transmittance measurement application require the higher tolerances of the precision machined UPG sphere line.