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RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO225 RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO225 MANIHIKI II Leg 2 The Manihiki Plateau - Origin, Structure and Effects of Oceanic Plateaus and Pleistocene Dynamic of the West Pacific Warm Water Pool 19.11.2012 - 06.01.2013 Suva / Fiji – Auckland / New Zealand 5 MAN 4+22 IHIK 22 I I SO I 0 2 6 1 . 0 0 1 2 . 2 0 0 1 1 . 3 9 0 ROV A WI / GEOMAR GEOMAR REPORT Berichte aus dem Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR) Nr. 6 (N. Ser.) April 2013 RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO225 MANIHIKI II Leg 2 The Manihiki Plateau - Origin, Structure and Effects of Oceanic Plateaus and Pleistocene Dynamic of the West Pacific Warm Water Pool 19.11.2012 - 06.01.2013 Suva / Fiji – Auckland / New Zealand Nr. 6 (N. Ser.) April 2013 ISSN Nr.: 2193-8113 Das Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR) The Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) ist Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft is a member of the Helmholtz Association of Deutscher Forschungszentren e.V. German Research Centres Herausgeber / Editor: Reinhard Werner, Dirk Nürnberg, and Folkmar Hauff and the shipboard scientific party GEOMAR Report ISSN Nr.: 2193-8113, DOI 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_5_2012 Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel / Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GEOMAR Dienstgebäude Westufer / West Shore Building Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D-24105 Kiel Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel / Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GEOMAR Dienstgebäude Ostufer / East Shore Building Wischhofstr. 1-3 D-24148 Kiel Germany Tel.: +49 431 600-0 Fax: +49 431 600-2805 www.geomar.de 1 CONTENT Summary................................................................................................................................................. 2 Zusammenfassung.................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Participants ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Ship´s Crew ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Principal Investigators for MANIHIKI II................................................................................... 5 2.3. Shipboard Scientific Party...................................................................................................... 5 2.4. Institutions.............................................................................................................................. 6 3. Major Objectives and Background of SO-225 MANIHIKI II................................................................. 7 3.1. Large Igenous Provinces and Oceanic Plateaus in the SW-Pacific....................................... 7 3.2. The Manihiki Plateau ............................................................................................................. 9 3.3. Objectives of Hard Rock Sampling ...................................................................................... 11 3.4. Paleoceanographic Objectives ............................................................................................ 12 3.5. Paleoceanographic Background .......................................................................................... 14 4. Cruise Narrative ................................................................................................................................ 16 5. Bathymetry and Rock Sampling........................................................................................................ 22 5.1. Methods ............................................................................................................................... 22 5.1.1. Bathymetry (Kongsberg EM120) ............................................................................ 22 5.1.2. Deployment of ROV (remotely operated vehicle) KIEL 6000 ................................. 23 5.1.3. Dredging, Site Selection, and Laboratory Work...................................................... 24 5.2. Rock Sampling Report and Preliminary Results .................................................................. 25 5.2.1. ROV Sampling ........................................................................................................ 25 Dive Summary of SO225-009ROV02................................................................ 25 Dive Summary of SO225-011ROV03................................................................ 28 Dive Summary of SO225-013ROV04................................................................ 31 5.2.2. Dredging ................................................................................................................. 34 N. Margin of the High Plateau and N. Danger Island Trough (DR5 - DR9)....... 34 Central and Southern Danger Island Troughs (DR10 - DR22).......................... 36 Suvorov Trough (DR23 - DR27)........................................................................ 41 SO-225 Rock Sampling Summary..................................................................... 43 5.2.3. Volcanic Particles and Lithics from Sediment Cores .............................................. 43 Particle of Volcanic Material from SO225-MUC-8-1.......................................... 43 Lithics from SO225-MUC-21-2 .......................................................................... 44 6. Paleoceanographic Operations and Preliminary Results.................................................................. 46 6.1. CTD-Profiling and Rosette ................................................................................................... 46 6.1.1. Preliminary Results and Hydrographic Measurements........................................... 46 6.1.2. Water Column Sampling......................................................................................... 50 6.2. Multinet ................................................................................................................................ 53 6.3. Sediment Acoustics ............................................................................................................. 54 6.3.1. ATLAS PARASOUND............................................................................................. 54 6.3.2. Preliminary Results................................................................................................. 55 6.4. Sediments: Sampling, Logging, Facies................................................................................ 57 6.4.1. TV-Multicorer .......................................................................................................... 58 6.4.2. Piston Corer and Gravity Corer .............................................................................. 60 6.4.3. Shipboard Core Logging......................................................................................... 63 Magnetic Susceptibility...................................................................................... 63 Minolta Color-Scan............................................................................................ 65 6.4.4. Sediment Facies and Results ................................................................................. 66 Sediment Facies................................................................................................ 66 Double Coring.................................................................................................... 67 Correlation of Lightness Records across the Manihiki Plateau ......................... 70 7. Biology .............................................................................................................................................. 72 8. References........................................................................................................................................ 73 Appendices: I. Sampling Summary/Station List II. Rock Description III. Core Photos IV. Core Description V. Core Logging VI. Overview Map: SO-225 Sampling Sites 2 SUMMARY R/V SONNE cruises SO-224 and SO-225 are part of the cooperative project MANIHIKI II between GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). This multidisciplinary project continues previous research at the Manihiki Plateau conducted since 2007 (SO-193) on morphological, volcanological, geochemical, and geochronological studies and is now broadened by geophysical and paleoceanographic research foci. SO-225 focused on stratigraphically controlled sampling of the igneous successions of the Manihiki Plateau. This has been accomplished by using the remotely operated vehicle ROV Kiel 6000 and chain bag dredges. Coring of deep sea sediments and sampling of the overlying water column has been added to the program. SO-225 and subsequent shore-based research in the home institutes mainly address (1) the temporal, spatial, and compositional evolution of the igneous basement of Manihiki Plateau, (2) the environmental impact of the large volcanic eruptions, which formed the Manihiki Plateau, (3) the Plio-Pleistocene dynamics and evolution of the West Pacific Warm Pool during the last ~3 million years, and (4) the potential oceanographic interaction between
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