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Carex Species of Southland Vol2 Table of Contents

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Carex Species of Southland Vol2 Table of Contents Carex species of Southland Vol2 Table of contents Introduction Carex filamentosa Carex flagellifera Carex flaviformis Carex fretalis Carex gaudichaudiana Carex geminata Carex horizontalis Carex imbecilla Carex inopinata Carex inversa Carex iynx Carex leporina Carex lessoniana Carex litorosa Carex maorica Carex megalepis Carex petriei Carex potens Carex pumila Carex punicea Made on the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network website: www.nzpcn.org.nz Copyright: All images used in this book remain copyright of the named photographer. Any reproduction, retransmission, republication, or other use of all or part of this book is expressly prohibited, unless prior written permission has been granted by the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network ([email protected]). All other rights reserved. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE NETWORK This book was compiled from information stored on the The Network has more than 800 members worldwide website of the New Zealand Plant Conservation and is New Zealand’s largest non-governmental Network (www.nzpcn.org.nz). organisation solely devoted to the protection and restoration of New Zealand’s indigenous plant life. This website was established in 2003 as a repository for information about New Zealand’s threatened The vision of the New Zealand Plant Conservation vascular plants. Since then it has grown into a national Network is that ‘no indigenous species of plant will database of information about all plants in the New become extinct nor be placed at risk of extinction as a Zealand botanic region including both native and result of human action or indifference, and that the naturalised vascular plants as well as non-vascualr rich, diverse and unique plant life of New Zealand will plants and fungi. be recognised, cherished and restored’. Funding to develop the website was provided by the Since it was founded in 2003 the Network has New Zealand Government’s Terrestrial and Freshwater undertaken a range of conservation initiatives in order Biodiversity Information System Programme (TFBIS). to achieve its vision. The website is run by a team of volunteers and is That work has included: continually improving in both the richness of content and the range of functions it offers. Training people in plant conservation Publishing plant books, reports and posters The species information used on the website has come from a variety of sources which are cited at the bottom Raising money for the David Given Threatened Plant of a species page. Research Trust to pay for plant conservation research scholarships Where no published treatment was available Peter Educating people about plant life through the used herbarium specimens and his own knowledge of Network website the flora to prepare species pages. Various other contributors have provided text and additional Connecting people through our website, the information to many species pages including botanists monthly newsletter, the Network conference and such as John Barkla, Cathy Jones, Simon Walls, Nick the annual general meeting Singers, Mike Thorsen and many others. The WHAT IS A THREATENED PLANT? threatened fungi text was written by Eric Mackenzie and Peter Buchanan (Landcare Research) and aquatic The NZ Threatened Plant Committee was formed in plant information was supplied by Paul Champion from 1991 and ever since then it has met at regular intervals NIWA. Colin Ogle has contributed to the exotic species to review the status of indigenous vascular plants. It is fact sheets. made up of a team of botanists that between them have an extensive knowledge of the native plants of More than 200 photographers have kindly provided New Zealand. images to illustrate the website and for use in this book especially John Smith-Dodsworth, Jeremy Rolfe, Peter This committee applies a set of criteria to each native de Lange, Wayne Bennett and Gillian Crowcroft, Mike plant to determine its conservation status. The Thorse, Colin Ogle and John Sawyer. resulting list of species classified as threatened is published in the NZ Journal of Botany (see for example THE NEW ZEALAND BOTANIC REGION de Lange et al. 2018). The main threat categories used The information on the Network website, from which are: Extinct, Nationally Critical, Nationally Endangered this book was compiled, is for species that are and Nationally Vulnerable, Declining. Other categories indigenous to or naturalised within the New Zealand used are: Recovering, Relict, Naturally Uncommon, Botanic Region as defined by Allan (1961). The New Coloniser, Vagrant and Data Deficient. For vascular Zealand botanic region encompases the Kermadec, plants the threat status used in this book is taken from Manawatawhi/Three Kings, North, South, Stewart the ‘Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous Island/Rakiura, Chatham, Antipodes, Bounties, Snares, vascular plants, 2017’ by de Lange et al. (2018). Auckland Campbell island/Motu Ihupuku and Recently other committees have been established to Macquarie. review the status of non-vascular plants and have produced assessments for New Zeland mosses (Rolfe et al., 2016) as well as horworts and liverworts (de Lange et al., 2015). Carex filamentosa COMMON NAME Stewart Island Sedge SYNONYMS None FAMILY Table Hill, Tin Range, Rakiura, 500m elevation. Cyperaceae Photographer: Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls AUTHORITY Carex filamentosa Petrie FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Sedges NVS CODE CARFIL CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR, Sp PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon 2004 | Range Restricted Table Hill, Tin Range, Rakiura, 500m elevation. Photographer: Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls DISTRIBUTION Endemic. South and Stewart Islands. In the South Island confined to Southland where scarce. Stewart Island locally common throughout. HABITAT A species of damp sites in damp ground within montane to subalpine scrub, srhubland and open grassland. FEATURES Rather densely tufted stoloniferous, pale green to reddish green sedge. Culms 30-120 x 0.5 mm, terete, faintly striated. Leaves up to twice the length of the culms, 0.5 – 1 mm wide, plano-convex, nerved on the under surface, smooth on the upper, rather finely scabrid toward the apex. Inflorescence of 2-4 spikes; these crowded toward the top of the culm, usually with at least some of the lowermost distant. Uppermost spike rather slender, male; remaining spikes mainly female, shortly pedunculate, rarely with some male flowers toward the top. Bracts subtending spikes, long, filiform and leaf-like. Glumes < or sometimes = to utricles, ovate, chartaceous to membranous, pale cream, brown- or red-flecked, midrib distinct extended as a smooth finely scabrid awn. Utricles 2.5-3 x 1.5 mm, plano-convex or subtrigonous, elliptic-lanceolate, light brown with reddish brown markings towards the beak, distinctly nerved; beak slightly narrowed, 0.5 mm long, margins smooth, crura finely bifid; stipe minute. Stigmas 3. Nut 1.5 mm long, red-brown, trigonous, obovoid SIMILAR TAXA Carex filamentosa is closely allied to C. edgarae Hamlin, C. libera (Kük.) Hamlin and C. uncifolia Cheeseman, all are small, rhizomatous reddish green sedges with congested, approximate spikes. From these species C. filamentosa is most similar to C. uncifolia from which it differs by its distinctly wide spreading stoloniferous rather than shortly rhizomatous habit and by the shortly pedunculate rather than sessile female spikes. From the North West Nelson endemic C. libera, C. filamentosa is distinguished by its southern South Island and Stewart Island distribution, plano-convex leaves and distinctly beaked utricles. From C. edgarae of inland Otago, C. filamentosa is readily distinguished by its distinctly beaked utricles and much narrower leaves. FLOWERING October - February FRUITING October - May LIFE CYCLE Nuts surrounded by inflated utricles are dispersed by granivory and wind (Thorsen et al., 2009). PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Easily grown from division of whole plants and fresh seed. Does well in a pot or in a damp sunny site. Tolerant of most garden soils and situations. Does not like drought or excessive humidity. THREATS A naturally uncommon sedge which is by and large confined to Stewart Island. It may be threatened in some parts of its Southland coastal range. ETYMOLOGY carex: Latin name for a species of sedge, now applied to the whole group. filamentosa: Thread-like WHERE TO BUY Not commercially available. ATTRIBUTION Description adapted from Moore and Edgar (1970) REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING Moore, L.B.; Edgar, E. 1970: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. II. Government Printer, Wellington. Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2009 Vol. 11 No. 4 pp. 285-309 MORE INFORMATION https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/carex-filamentosa/ Carex flagellifera COMMON NAME Glen Murray tussock, Trip Me Up SYNONYMS Carex lucida Boott FAMILY Cyperaceae AUTHORITY Carex flagellifera Colenso FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No In cultivation. Dec 2007. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Sedges NVS CODE CARFGL CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = c.58 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened DISTRIBUTION Endemic. New Zealand: North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands. HABITAT Coastal to montane. Usually in free draining soils under scrub
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