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Strategies for Classification and Management of Native Vegetation for Food Production in Arid Zones

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a. 90w Forest Service, U.S. STRATEGIES FOR CLASSIFICATION Department of Agriculture AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIVE Rocky Mountain VEGETATION FOR FOOD PRODUCTION Forest and Range Experiment Station IN ARID ZONES Secretaria ESTRATEGIAS DE CLASIFICACION Y Agricultura y CTTD Recursos MANEJO DE VEGETACION SILVESTRE Hidraulicos SARH PARA LA PRODUCCION DE ALIMENTCf? INIFAP Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones EN ZONAS ARIDAS Forestales y Agropecuarias October 12-16, 1987 General Technical Report RM-1 50 Tucson, Arizona USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-150 December, 1987 Strategies For Classification and Management of Native Vegetation For Food Production in Arid Zones ESTRATEGIAS DE CLASIFICACION Y MANEJO DE VEGETACION SILVESTRE PARA LA PRODUCCION DE ALIMENTOS EN ZONAS ARIDAS October 12 • 16, 1987 Tucson, Arizona Technical Coordinators: S Earl F. Aldon Carlos E. Gonzales Vicente William H. Moir / Cosponsors Mexico: United States: Subsecretaria Forestal, a traves del Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Institute) Nacional de Investigaciones Experiment Station, and Southwestern Forestales y Agropecuarias Region, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Fort Collins, Colorado . ABSTRACT Aldon Earl F. , Gonzales Vicente, Carlos E. , Moir, William H., Co-editors. 1987. Strategies for Clas- sification and Management of Native Vegetation for Food Production in Arid Zones: symposium proceedings; 1987 October 12-16; Tucson, Arizona. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-150. Fort Collins, CO : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 1987. 257 p. These proceedings contain hh papers presented as part of a continuing cooperative effort in forestry and related resources between Mexico and the U. S. Sessions were held on arid land classification, sampling techniques, utilization of native plants, soil management, desertification, agrosilvicultural systems and watershed management. Papers are in the language of the author (Spanish or English) with an abstract in the other language. Keywords: Arid land plants, desert agriculture, desertification. RESUMEN Aldon, Earl F., Gonzalez Vicente, Carlos E. , Moir, William H. , Co-editores. 1987- Estrategias para la classificacion y el manejo de vegetacion nativa para la produccion de alimentos en zonas aridas: Memoria del Simposio; del 12 al 16 de Octubre de 1987; Tucson, Arizona.- Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-150. Fort Collins, CO : Servicio Forestal del Departamento de Agricultura de los E.U.A., Estacion Experimental Forestal y de Manejo de las Montanas Rocallosas. 257 P- Esta memoria contiene hh ponencias presentadas como parte de un esfuerzo continuo de cooperacion so- bre Dasonomla y sus recursos asociados entre Mexico y Estados Unidos de America. Las sesiones versaron so- bre clasificacion de zonas aridas, tecnicas de muestreo, utilizacion de plantas nativas, manejo de suelos, desertificacion , sistemas agrosilviculturales y manejo de cuencas. Las ponencias se presentan en el idioma del autor (espanol 6 ingles) con un resumen en el otro idioma. Palabras para codificacion : Plantas de zonas aridas, agricultura del desierto, desertificacion PREFACIO En 198l el Servicio Forestal del Department o de Agricultura de Estados linidos de America y la Sub- secretaria Forestal de la Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Fidraulicos de Mexico, firmaron un plan de cooperacion para intercambiar informacion que permitiera mejorar la capacidad profesional y tecnica de. los cientlficos de ambos paises. El plan incluye la organizacion de simposios, el primero de ellos se real?zo- en Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico en 1985. Estrategias para la Clasificacion y Manejo de la Vegetacion Nativa para la Produccion de Alimentos en Zonas Aridas fue el segundo simposio, el cual se llevo a cabo en Tucson, Arizona, E.U.A. Las ponencias pre_ sentadas durante los tres dlas del evento, con un dia dedicado o. un viaje de campo al Area Experimental de Santa Rita y a la de la Cuenca Experimental de Walnut. Mas de 130 cientlficos, tecnicos y administradores- participaron en este simposio. Este informe tecnicio general incluye las ponencias presentadas en el idioma del autor (ingles o espanol) con un resumen al final en el otro idioma. Las reuniones internacionales requieren de una preparacion cuidadosa y se involucra a mucha gente. Se dio reconocimiento por el exito del simposio en Tucson a: Avelino B. Villa-Salas y Heriberto Parra Hake del Instituto Nacional de Invest igaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias , a George Garcia, Bob Partido, Reggie Fletcher, Bob Hamre y Liz GarclaSanchez del Servicio Forestal del USDA. Carlos Gonzalez fue la contraparte en Mexico para la organizacion de la reunion y la seleccion de ponencias. Todos los trabajos que se presen taron representan la opinion de sus autores, quienes son responsables de sus puntos de vista, preparacion- de manuscritos y edicion. Foreword In 1981, the USDA Forest Service and SARH Sub-secretaria Forestal de Mexico signed a plan of co- operation to exchange information to improve the professional and technical capabilities of scientists in both countries. The plan included sponsorship of symposia, the first of which was held in Saltillo Mexico in 1985. "Strategies for Classification and Management of Native Vegetation for Food Production in Arid Zones" was the second symposium held October 12-16, I98T at Tucson, Arizona. Papers were presented during this three day meeting with one day devoted to a field trip to the Santa Rita Experimental Range and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Over 130 scientists, technicians, and administrators attended the symposium. This General Technical Report includes papers presented in the language of the author (English or Spanish) with a summary at the end of the proceedings in the other language. International meetings require considerable preparation and the involvement of many people. Recog- nition for the successful symposium in Tucson must be given to Avelino B. Villa-Salas and Heriberto Parra- Hake from the Instituto Nacional de Invest igaciones Forestales Y Agropecuarias, and George Garcia, Bob Partido, Reggie Fletcher, Bob Hamre, and Liz GarciaSanchez from the USDA Forest Service. All the papers presented represent the opinion of individual authors, who were responsible for their own peer review, manuscript preparation, and editing. EARL F. ALDON, CARLOS GONZALES, AND WILL MOIR, Co-Editors. ii Contents INDICE Page Keynote Address PALABRAS DE APERTURA Halophytic Food Crops for Arid Lands 1 CULTIVO DE HALOFITAS ALIMENTICIAS DE LAS ZONAS ARIDAS (245) James W. O'Leary LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS PLANTAS SILVESTRES PARA LA PRODUCCION DE ALIMENTOS EN MEXICO 5 The Importance of Native Plants to Food Production in Mexico (251) Carlos E. Gonzalez Vicente Arid Land Classification CLASIFICACION DE ZONAS ARIDAS An Ecological Approach to Classifying Semiarid Plant Communities 9 UN ENFOQUE ECOLOGICO PARA CLASIFICAR LAS COMUNIDADES DE PLANTAS SEMIARIDAS (245) Richard E. Francis and Earl F. Aldon A Hierarchical Classification of Landforms: Some Implications for Understanding Local and Regional Vegetation Dynamics 15 UNA CLASIFICACION JERARQUICA DE LAS FORMAS DE TERRENO: ALGUNAS IMPLICACIONES PARA COMPRENDER LA DINAMICA DE LA VEGETACION LOCAL Y REGIONAL (245) Steven M. Wondzell, Gary L. Cunningham, and Dominique Bachelet A Forest Habitat Type Classification of Southern Arizona and Its Relationship to Forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico 24 CLASIFICACION DE UN TIPO DE HABITAT FORESTAL EN EL SUR DE ARIZONA Y SU RELACION CON LOS BOSQUES DE LA SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL DE MEXICO (245) Esteban H. Muldavin and Robert L De Velice Sampling and Inventory Techniques TECNICAS DE INVENTARIOS Y MUESTREOS A Research Strategy for Ecological Survey: Floristics and Land Use in the Tamaulipan Thornscrub, North-Eastern Mexico 32 UNA ESTRATEGIA DE INVESTIGACION PARA INVENTARIOS ECOLOGICOS: FLORISTICOS Y DE USO DE SUELO EN EL MATORRAL ESPINOSO TAMAULIPECO, NORESTE DE MEXICO (246) Nick Reid, Mark Stafford Smith, Peter Beyer-Munzell, and Jorge Marroquin MODELO PARA PREDECIR PRODUCCION DE HOJA DE OREGANO (LIPPIA BERLANDIERI) EN POBLACIONES NATURALES EN JALISCO, MEXICO 39 A Model for Predicting Leaf Production of Oregano (Lippia berlandieri) in Wild Stands in Jalisco, Mexico (251) /. Rafael Cavazos Doha MANEJO DE PINOS PINONEROS PARA LOS PINONES 45 Pinyon Pine Management for Pinyon Nuts (251) Elbert L. Little, Jr. INDICE DE DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES PARA DETERMINAR TAMANO DE MUESTRA EN VEGETACION DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR 49 Species Diversity Index to Determine Sample Size of Vegetation of Baja California Sur (251) Ricardo Almeida Martinez, Homero Fraga Mancillas, y Jorge Agundez Forest Inventory and Landsat MSS Vegetation Mapping for Arizona 53 INVENTARIO FORESTAL Y MAPEO DE VEGETACION CON EL LANDSAT MSS PARA ARIZONA (246) J. David Born and Clifford Pearlberg iv Utilization and Production Management of Native Plants UTILIZACION Y MANEJO PARA LA PRODUCCION DE PLANTAS SILVESTRES Plant Genetic Resources Threatened in North American Deserts: The FLORUTIL Conservation Project 59 RECURSOS GENETICOS DE PLANTAS AMENAZADAS DE LOS DESIERTOS DE NORTEAMERICA: EL PROYECTO DE CONSERVACION FLORUTIL ... (246) Gary P. Nabhan, Wendy Hodgson, and Luis Hernandez Conservation and Development of Food and Medicinal Plants in the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico 66 CONSERVACION Y DESARROLLO DE PLANTAS ALIMENTICIAS Y MEDICINALES EN LA SIERRA TARAHUMARA, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO (246) Robert Bye, Noe Meres Cruz, and
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    Transport of Phenolic Compounds from Leaf Surface of Creosotebush and Tarbush to Soil Surface by Precipitation1

    P1: ZBU Journal of Chemical Ecology [joec] pp701-joec-455995 November 11, 2002 21:13 Style file version June 28th, 2002 Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 28, No. 12, December 2002 (C 2002) TRANSPORT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM LEAF SURFACE OF CREOSOTEBUSH AND TARBUSH TO SOIL SURFACE BY PRECIPITATION1 P. W. HYDER, E. L. FREDRICKSON, R. E. ESTELL, and M. E. LUCERO USDA/ARS, Jornada Experimental Range Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA (Received December 3, 2001; accepted July 14, 2002) Abstract—During the last 100 years, many desert grasslands have been re- placed by shrublands. One possible mechanism by which shrubs outcompete grasses is through the release of compounds that interfere with neighboring plants. Our objective was to examine the movement of secondary compounds from the leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to surrounding soil surfaces via precipitation. Units consisting of a funnel and bottle were used to collect stemflow, throughfall, and interspace precipitation samples from 20 creosote- bush (two morphotypes) and 10 tarbush plants during three summer rainfall events in 1998. Precipitation samples were analyzed for total phenolics (both species) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (creosotebush only). Phenolics were de- tected in throughfall and stemflow of both species with stemflow containing greater concentrations than throughfall (0.088 and 0.086 mg/ml for stemflow and 0.022 and 0.014 mg/ml for throughfall in creosotebush morphotypes U and V, respectively; 0.044 and 0.006 mg/ml for tarbush stemflow and throughfall, respectively). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not found in any precipitation col- lections. The results show that phenolic compounds produced by creosotebush and tarbush can be transported to the soil surface by precipitation, but whether concentrations are ecologically significant is uncertain.