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A Nomenclatural Survey of the Genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: Names Published by Willdenow

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A Nomenclatural Survey of the Genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: Names Published by Willdenow A nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: names published by Willdenow Author: Iamonico, Duilio Source: Willdenowia, 50(1) : 147-155 Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM) URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50114 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Willdenowia on 14 Mar 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Willdenowia Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin DUILIO IAMONICO1 A nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: names published by Willdenow Version of record first published online on 31 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue. Abstract: A nomenclatural study of 12 names and designations published by C. L. Willdenow was carried out. Two designations, “Amaranthus incomptus” (nomen nudum) and “A. japonicus” (pro synonymo), are not validly published. The ten validly published names are not yet typified except for A. chlorostachys Willd. Eight of the nine untypified names (A. angustifolius M. Bieb. ex Willd., A. bicolor Nocca ex Willd., A. campestris Willd., A. inamoenus Willd., A. lateus Willd., A. polystachyus Willd., A. strictus Willd. and A. tenuifolius Willd.) are lectotypified here on specimens preserved in the Willdenow Herbarium in Berlin (B), while the other name (A. hecticus Willd.) is lecto- typified here on an illustration in Willdenow’s Historia Amaranthorum. All the names in Amaranthus published by Willdenow are considered here to be heterotypic synonyms of currently accepted species names. The results obtained highlight how many Amaranthus species, especially in the past, were described on the basis of characters that have low or no taxonomic value, whereas morphological characters of the flowers have a high taxonomic value. Key words: Amaranthaceae, Amaranthus, herbarium, nomenclature, synonymy, taxonomy, typification, valid pub- lication, Willdenow Article history: Received 14 October 2019; peer-review completed 4 February 2020; received in revised form 6 February 2020; accepted for publication 17 February 2020. Citation: Iamonico D. 2020: A nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: names published by Willdenow. – Willdenowia 50: 147 – 155. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50114 Introduction Willdenow’s contribution to the knowledge of the family Amaranthaceae (sensu stricto) and the genus Amaranthus Carl Ludwig Willdenow (Berlin, 22 August 1765 – 10 July L. is important, especially concerning the treatments in his 1812) was a German pharmacist and botanist. His inter- Historia Amaranthorum (Willdenow 1790) and his edition est in botany was kindled during his teenage years by his of Species plantarum (Willdenow 1805). uncle, J. G. Gleditsch, when he started to accumulate his As part of ongoing nomenclatural investigations on important herbarium. Willdenow was a member of the all published names of Amaranthus, I present here my Berlin Academy of Sciences (since 1794) and Director of seventh contribution: concerning the names proposed the Royal Botanic Garden at Schöneberg near Berlin (from by Willdenow. The six previous papers were on the Lin- 1801 until his death). Most of his collection has remained naean names (Iamonico 2014a, 2014b), the names linked deposited at that institution (Stafleu & Cowan 1988: 298), to the Italian flora (Iamonico 2016a), A. gracilis Desf. now the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin lo- and related names (Iamonico 2016b), names published cated in Berlin-Dahlem, herbarium code B (Thiers 2020+), by Moquin-Tandon (Iamonico 2016c) and names linked or more specifically B-W for the Willdenow Herbarium. to the Australian flora (Iamonico & Palmer 2019). 1 Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department PDTA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Rome, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Willdenowia on 14 Mar 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 148 Iamonico: Nomenclatural survey of Amaranthus: names published by Willdenow Material and methods tristis glomerulis triandris, rotundatis, subspicatis, fo- liis ovato-cordatis, emarginatis, petiolo brevioribus. Linn. This research is based on analysis of the relevant Willde- Syst. ed. R. 4. p. 144” (the number “144” is probably a now literature (Stafleu & Cowan 1988) and the exami- typographical error for “1404”, which corresponds to the nation of specimens deposited in the herbaria B-W, FI, page on which A. tristis occurs in the second edition of G, LE and LINN (abbreviations according to Thiers Linnaeus’s Species plantarum (Linnaeus 1763: 1404). 2020+). The names are listed alphabetically. In each case Nine of the ten Amaranthus names validly published a currently accepted name is given, indicated in bold- by Willdenow are still not typified. OnlyA. chlorostachys face. Specimens designated as lectotypes of Amaranthus Willd. was recently lectotypified by Iamonico (2016a: names published by Willdenow in his Species plantarum 521) on a specimen deposited at B-W (B -W 17521 -00 0) are considered as part of the original material partly on and synonymized with A. hybridus (see also Remarks un- the basis of the “Praefatio editoris” in the first volume der A. strictus below). of that work (Willdenow 1797: VII), where the author The results obtained highlight how many Amaranthus stated “Plantas Herbarii proprii, quas vel vivas (v.v.) vel species, especially in the past, were described on the ba- siccas (v.s.) … vidi, adhibitis heic indicatis signis no- sis of morphological characters that have low or no taxo- tavi, ut quisque viderit, quaenam vegetabilia ex aliorum nomic value, namely: habit; plant height; stem colour; descriptionibus descripta assumserim”. However, this leaf size, shape and colour; and synflorescence structure. is only a guide, indicating that Willdenow saw at least While some of these characters (leaf shape; synflores- one specimen, but not necessarily any particular speci- cence structure) could be used to identify Amaranthus men extant in B-W. More importantly, the labels on the taxa, the characters of the flowers have a high taxonomic folders containing the various lectotypes selected here value and must therefore be properly considered. are in the handwriting of Willdenow (H. W. Lack, pers. comm.), and therefore there is no reason to doubt that Amaranthus angustifolius M. Bieb. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: these specimens are original material for the correspond- 381. 1805, nom. illeg. [non Amaranthus angustifolius ing names. When a choice is possible between a speci- Lam., Encycl. 1: 115. 1783]. – Lectotype (designated men and an illustration as the lectotype, and both agree here): Herb. Willdenow (B -W 17492 -02 0!). with the current application of the name, the specimen is = Amaranthus graecizans L., Sp. Pl. 2: 990. 1753 preferred because it potentially provides a larger number subsp. graecizans [currently accepted name]. – Lec- of characters (micromorphological, chemical, molecular, totype (designated by Fernald 1945: 139): Clayton etc.; see Jarvis 2007: 21 – 22). 442 (BM 000051563!). Remarks — Willdenow (1805: 381 – 382) published Ama­ Results and Discussion ranthus angustifolius with a diagnostic phrase name “A. glomerulis axillaribus triandris, foliis lineari-lanceolatis Three of Willdenow’s works include new species of Ama­ acutis mucronatis, caule ramoso erecto” and an addi- ranthus: Historia Amaranthorum (Willdenow 1790); vol- tional diagnosis. A synonym was cited, “A. graecus syl- ume 4 part 1 of Willdenow’s edition (ed. 4) of Species vestris angustifolius” (Tournefort 1703: 17), followed by plantarum (Willdenow 1805); and the Supplementum of “Amaranthus angustifolius. Marschall ab Bieberstein”, Enumeratio plantarum horti regii berolinensis (Willde- the provenance “Habitat ad mare Caspium” and “v.s.” now 1813). (vidi siccas) indicating that Willdenow had seen least one Twelve new species names were published by Willde- herbarium specimen. Note that, although Willdenow as- now, of which two, “Amaranthus incomptus” (Willdenow cribed the name A. angustifolius to Bieberstein, the latter 1813: 64) and “A. japonicus” (Willdenow 1805: 306) are never validly published such a binomial. not validly published; the former is a nomen nudum (Tur- One specimen was traced in B-W (B -W 17492 -02 0). land & al. 2018: Art. 38.1(a)), while the latter was merely It bears a part of a plant with leaves and synflorescences, cited as a synonym of A. inamoenus Willd. (Art. 36.1(b)). and the morphology matches the protologue. The speci- Most of the online databases of plant names (The men has also
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