China KMT V3.4
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Chinese Railway System
ASIA THE CHINESE RAILWAY SYSTEM By H. STRINGER CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE WASON COLLECTION THIS BOOK IS THE GIFT OF Mrs. James McHugh Cornell University Library TF 101.S91 The Chinese railway system / 3 1924 023 644 143 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023644143 THE CHINESE RAILWAY SYSTEM THE CHINESE RAILWAY SYSTEM By H. STRINGER, b.a., cantab., a.m.lc.e. Resident Engineer, Peking-Mukden Railway. SHANGHAI KELLY AND WALSH, LIMITED. HONGKONG-SINGAPORE-YOKOHAMA-HANKOW. 1922. .. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. Railway History 1 II. Growth of the Railway Administration 27 III. The Government Railway System . 37 IV. Railways in Detail—Year 1918 . 74 V. The Economics of the Chinese Railways 107 VI. Pioneer Railway Location . 143 VII. The Case for Machinery on Railway Construction in China . 161 VIII. The Use of Reinforced Concrete on the Chinese Railways 177 IX. Construction Memoranda Peculiar to China 186 — ;; PREFACE This book is printed by order of the Board of Communications of the Chinese Government. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Tang Wen Kao, Director of the Peking-Mukden Railway and to Mr. L. J. Newmarch, Acting Engineer-in-Chief of the same line for making the necessary arrangements with the Board. The chapter on Pioneer Railway Location may perhaps be criticised as an irrelevancy. It is introduced to direct attention to a question of vast importance to a country which has practically all its railway future still before it, and also because location along pioneer lines is believed to be suited to existing financial conditions. -
Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
Ill DEMCHUGDONGROB’S EARLY CAREER 1919-1928 The Ruling Prince of His Own Banner After the old Prince Namjilwangchug died, there was not an actual ruling prince of the Sunid Right Banner for almost seventeen years. Therefore, Demchugdongrob’s assumption of power as jasag was a momentous and happy occasion for the whole ban ner. It also relieved, at least ostensibly, his “ official” mother (the Turned khatun, the first wife of his father) and the elderly officials of the banner of their heavy responsibilities.' During 1919, Prince De’s first year in charge of the banner administration, a group of Buriyad Mongolian intellectuals initiated the Pan-Mongolian movement, and in late February convened a meeting of delegates from Buriyad and Inner Mongolia at Dau- ria, in Siberia. They decided to organize a government for all Mongolia and sent repre sentatives to the Paris Peace Conference to strive for international recognition ofMon golia’s independence. Because it had already established its own government. Outer Mongolia rejected the invitation, but some Inner Mongols, especially the leaders of the Hulunbuir area in the far north of Inner Mongolia, were willing to Join, and the Naiji- Toyin Khutugtu of Hohhot Turned (Inner Mongolia) was recognized as their leader. Though this movement failed to achieve its goal of recognition at the Paris con ference, it influenced all of Mongolia. Even though the activities of Japanese militarists and the White Russian leader, Semenov, overshadowed this movement, it still helped to rouse a common Mongolian desire for unity and independence. Although Demchugdong- rob was not involved in these matters, he was inevitably influenced by them. -
The Historical Contribution and Loss of China in the War of Resistance Against the Japanese Aggression Zhaozhen An*
Review Article Global Media Journal 2018 Vol.16 No. ISSN 1550-7521 31:123 The Historical Contribution and Loss of China in the War of Resistance against the Japanese Aggression Zhaozhen An* Institute of Russian Studies, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, 501 Rd. Youyi, Harbin, 150018, PR China *Corresponding author: Zhaozhen An, Institute of Russian Studies, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, 501 Rd. Youyi, Harbin, 150018, PR China, Tel: 13936669450; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Jul 09, 2018; Accepted date: Jul 24, 2018; Published date: Aug 4, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 An Z. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: An Z. The Historical Contribution and Loss of China in the War of Resistance against the Japanese Aggression. Global Media Journal 2018, 16:31. the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939, the day of the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and Abstract the subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series The War of Chinese People's Resistance against Japanese of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled Aggression is very important for the world; its much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with international contribution occupies an important place: Italy and Japan. The war continued primarily between the first, China violated the plan of the German and Japanese European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom fascists on the global strategy; secondly, the fearless and the British Commonwealth, with campaigns including the Chinese people created the condition and prerequisite for North Africa and East Africa campaigns, the aerial Battle of correcting the situation of World War II. -
Representing Talented Women in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Painting: Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instruction at the Lake Pavilion
REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION By Copyright 2016 Janet C. Chen Submitted to the graduate degree program in Art History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler ________________________________ Amy McNair ________________________________ Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Jungsil Jenny Lee ________________________________ Keith McMahon Date Defended: May 13, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Janet C. Chen certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler Date approved: May 13, 2016 ii Abstract As the first comprehensive art-historical study of the Qing poet Yuan Mei (1716–97) and the female intellectuals in his circle, this dissertation examines the depictions of these women in an eighteenth-century handscroll, Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instructions at the Lake Pavilion, related paintings, and the accompanying inscriptions. Created when an increasing number of women turned to the scholarly arts, in particular painting and poetry, these paintings documented the more receptive attitude of literati toward talented women and their support in the social and artistic lives of female intellectuals. These pictures show the women cultivating themselves through literati activities and poetic meditation in nature or gardens, common tropes in portraits of male scholars. The predominantly male patrons, painters, and colophon authors all took part in the formation of the women’s public identities as poets and artists; the first two determined the visual representations, and the third, through writings, confirmed and elaborated on the designated identities. -
1945-08-25 [P ]
FORECAST North Carolina: Considerable cloudi- ness with scattered showers and thun- derstorms Saturday: little change In temperature. 78—NQ. VOL. 246__ ESTABLISHED 1867* New Byrnes Aide Red Annies I G/’S ASSURE "IKE" THEY ARE NOT AWOL cArthur Directs Advance Northern Party BELFAST, Ireland, Free Aug. 24.—(jP)—Two American 1,670 soldier photographers, snapping a picture of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower outside the Belfasg|| Land In T Chinese city hall today, brought tam&M okyo Sunday; Prisoners the joking remark, “I hope fellows are not AWOL.” Pfc. Milton Safron, of Colun* ;- ™ bia, S. C., and Pcf. Robert H. IN MUKEN AREA of T Johmnson, Cleveland, O., ommunists ake Capital assured the General their ac- Suiyuan tivities were in proper military Twenty-Eight Generals In- order and then chatted with Pays Tribute To Unknown Soldier cluded In Group; Wain- him about soldier welfare. Also wright At Sian Chiang PROGRAM WILL « — UNCLE SAM RUNS By ROMNEY W. WHEELER LONDON, Aug. 24.—(/P)—The Red Lays Claim has freed Allied war ICR RAIL Army 1,670 SYSTEM COMPLETED 28 BE prisoners, including generals, “in the area a of Mukden,” and has CHICAGO, Aug. 24.—(,/P)— One of _■¥ extended its grip in Korea, Man- the nation’s major railroads, the To Out Of Luck churia and Sakhalin the Weatherman islands, Illinois Central was Capture System, oper- Moscow communique said tonight. ating under government control to- Blonde Hair Now Passe Lt. Gen. Jonathan M. Commander Wain- day, and a threatened strike of wright, hero of has CLASHES 24.— Corregidor, firemen and enginemen, which was REPORTED WASHINGTON, Aug. -
Ancient Fortifications, Modern Firepower, and Warlord Politics a Study on the Siege of Xi'an and Its Historical Significance
/Ancient Fortifications, Modern Firepower, and Warlord Politics A Study on the Siege of Xi'an and its Historical Significance by Kingsley Tsang |fJP=!(Zeng Qingzhang) B.A., The University of British Columbia, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts . in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2 002 © Kingsley Tsang, 2002 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date August 28, 2002 Abstract The Warlord period (1916-28) is a much-neglected era in modern Chinese scholarship. Scholars tend to ignore it because the events were complicated and the warlords acted without an ideological commitment. They are seen as violent but unsophisticated thugs with minimum affects on the history of Chinese military. The Siege of Xi'an (April to November 1926) demonstrated the fallacy of this assumption and the uniqueness of the warlord military system. The warlords managed to fuse the Chinese and Western military experience in a hybrid warring style. -
The Suiyuan Incident
file:///H:/AAA Temporary Folder/tweaket.com.htm MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au This is the author's final version of the work, as accepted for publication following peer review but without the publisher's layout or pagination. Boyd, J.G. (2012) In Search of Shambhala? Nicholas Roerich's 1934-5 Inner Mongolian Expedition. Inner Asia, 14 (2). pp. 257-277. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/13457 Copyright © Brill It is posted here for your personal use. No further distribution is permitted. 1 of 1 11/03/2013 2:06 PM In Search of Shambhala?: Nicholas Roerich’s 1934-5 Inner Mongolian Expedition James Boyd Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Abstract During the 1920s and 1930s Western visitors to Inner Mongolia came for a variety of reasons. Some came for the purpose of scholarship, others passed through on their way to visit the new ‘independent’ nation of Manchukuo, often at the invitation of the Japanese authorities. Among these visitors was Nicholas Roerich, the purpose of whose visit is still the subject of debate. Roerich’s journey through Inner Mongolia has attracted some scholarly attention, but there are still many unanswered questions about what it was that Roerich actually did while he was there or hoped to achieve. This article draws on earlier studies, but analyses the available reports from US State Department in China together with contemporary news reports, to place Roerich’s journey within the geopolitical context of the time. Key Words Nicholas Roerich, Shambhala, Inner Mongolia Introduction In the 1920s and 1930s a steady stream of Western visitors made there way to the Far East and crisscrossed Inner Mongolia, before returning home to write about the weird and wonderful sights and smells that they encountered in the ‘East’, or to pontificate for 1 a Western audience on the events unfolding in the region. -
The World of Eurydice Suiyuan
The World of Eurydice Suiyuan Jin Faculty Advisor: Bill Fick Department of Art, Art History, and Visual Studies March 2021 This project was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate Liberal Studies Program in the Graduate School of Duke University. Copyright by Suiyuan Jin 2021 Abstract As a creative project with an exhibition as its final presentation, my graduation project is a series of explorations of people trapped in private space, memory, and daily prayer psychology under the epidemic situation. My project consists of two parts. The first part, including drawings on paper and a foam sculpture, is the construction of the hell of memory, which explores the relationship between mourning and consumption. The second part is about the relationship between human spiritual desires and everyday objects. It is mainly an installation work, including some paintings, sculptures, and a short film played by a projector. Through the transformation and sanctifying of everyday objects, I explore the early witchcraft consciousness of human prayer rituals, restore religion and witchcraft rituals to the original prayer paradigm, and suggest the metaphorical connection between private apartment space and the closed spiritual world of individuals under the epidemic. My graduation project exhibition time: April 2nd - April 4th, 2021 Rubenstein Arts Center, RM 235 Video record: https://vimeo.com/543308815 How to Use A Dishwasher for Divination: https://vimeo.com/543304921 iii Table of Contents -
Statistics and State-Society Relations in the Early People's Republic of China, 1949-1959
Making it Count: Statistics and State-Society Relations in the Early People’s Republic of China, 1949-1959 Arunabh Ghosh Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Arunabh Ghosh All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Making it Count: Statistics and State-Society Relations in the Early People’s Republic of China, 1949-1959 Arunabh Ghosh This dissertation offers new perspectives on China’s transition to socialism by investigating a fundamental question—how did the state build capacity to know the nation through numbers? With the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, jubilant Chinese revolutionaries were confronted by the dual challenge of a nearly nonexistent statistical infrastructure and the pressing need to escape the universalist claims of capitalist statistics. At stake for revolutionary statisticians and economists was a fundamental difficulty: how to accurately ascertain social scientific fact. Resolving this difficulty involved not just epistemological and theoretical debates on the unity or disunity of statistical science but also practical considerations surrounding state-capacity building. The resultant shift toward a socialist definition of statistics, achieved by explicitly following the Soviet Union’s example, was instrumental in shaping new bureaus, designing statistical work, and training personnel. New classificatory schemes and methods of data collection also raised issues of authority and policy, ultimately not just remolding state-society relations but also informing new conceptions of everyday life and work. By the mid-1950s, however, growing disaffection with the efficacy of Soviet methods led the Chinese, in a surprising turn of events, to seek out Indian statisticians in an unprecedented instance of Chinese participation in South-South scientific exchange. -
The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49
Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:24 09 May 2016 The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49 This book examines the Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War of 1945–49, which resulted in the victory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) over Chiang Kaishek and the Guomindang (GMD) and the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. It provides a military and strategic history of how the CCP waged and ultimately won the war, the transformation of its armed forces, and how the Communist leaders interacted with each other. Whereas most explanations of the CCP’s eventual victory focus on the Sino- Japanese War of 1937–45, when the revolution was supposedly won as a result of the Communists’ invention of “peasant nationalism,” this book shows that the outcome of the revolution was not a foregone conclusion in 1945. It explains how the eventual victory of the Communists resulted from important strategic decisions taken on both sides, in particular the remarkable transformation of the Communist army from an insurgent / guerrilla force into a conventional army. The book also explores how the hierarchy of the People’s Republic of China developed during the war. It shows how Mao’s power was based as much on his military acumen as his political thought, above all his role in formulating and implementing a successful military strategy in the war of 1945–49. It also describes how other important figures, such as Lin Biao, Deng Xiaoping, Nie Rongzhen, Liu Shaoqi, and Chen Yi, made their reputations during the conflict, and reveals the inner workings of the First generation political-military elite of the PRC. -
The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: on the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628)
The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) Yungfen Ma Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Yungfen Ma All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) Yungfen Ma This dissertation is a study of Youxi Chuandeng’s (1554-1628) transformation of “Buddha-nature includes good and evil,” also known as “inherent evil,” a unique idea representing Tiantai’s nature-inclusion philosophy in Chinese Buddhism. Focused on his major treatise On Nature Including Good and Evil, this research demonstrates how Chuandeng, in his efforts to regenerate Tiantai, incorporated the important intellectual themes of the late Ming, especially those found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra. In his treatise, Chuandeng systematically presented his ideas on doctrinal classification, the principle of nature-inclusion, and the practice of the Dharma-gate of inherent evil. Redefining Tiantai doctrinal classification, he legitimized the idea of inherent evil to be the highest Buddhist teaching and proved the superiority of Buddhism over Confucianism. Drawing upon the notions of pure mind and the seven elements found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra, he reinterpreted nature-inclusion and the Dharma-gate of inherent evil emphasizing inherent evil as pure rather than defiled. Conversely, he reinterpreted the Śūraṃgama Sūtra by nature-inclusion. Chuandeng incorporated Confucianism and the Śūraṃgama Sūtra as a response to the dominating thought of his day, this being the particular manner in which previous Tiantai thinkers upheld, defended and spread Tiantai. -
The Suiyuan Incident
MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au This is the author's final version of the work, as accepted for publication following peer review but without the publisher's layout or pagination. Boyd, J.G. (2013) Undercover Acolytes: Honganji, the Japanese Army, and Intelligence-Gathering Operations. Journal of Religious History, 37 (2). pp. 185-205. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/16180 Copyright © The Author and Religious History Association It is posted here for your personal use. No further distribution is permitted. Undercover Acolytes: Honganji, the Japanese Army and Intelligence-Gathering Operations Abstract: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as the Japanese Army sought intelligence on the countries neighbouring Japan, the military made use of the Buddhist priesthood as a cover for intelligence gathering. In addition, elements of the Buddhist priesthood, in particular the Kyoto-based Honganji sect, were happy to cooperate with the military in its intelligence gathering operations, either by allowing military officers to disguise themselves as monks or by having Buddhist monks gather military- intelligence for the Japanese Army. This article examines the relationship between the Japanese Army and the Honganji sect following the 1868 Meiji Restoration, the activities of military officers who disguised themselves as Buddhist monks and the intelligence gathering activities of Buddhist monks, hoping to shed more light on the part that Japanese Buddhism played in Japan’s imperial adventures. KEYWORDS Honganji temple, Japanese Army, intelligence-gathering, Ōtani Kōzui, Ōta Kakumin. Introduction The commonly held perception of Buddhism is that it is essentially peaceful, practicing a degree of tolerance for other faiths that is believed to be lacking in Christianity, Islam or Judaism.