E EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA 339 Lafayette Street, New York, N.Y. 10012-2725 c (212) 4n.ooss s FAX: (212) 979-1013 A #159 25 March 1995

THE INDEPENDENT • NON~ 20 .MARCH 1995

· Mr Uebenberg was able to IUHIOUDce that the 1994-95 deficit was slightly less in rela- ' liOII tD South Africa's total gross South Africa·wakes domestir product than expect- I ~ at ~ut 6.4 per cent. In I ~ he planned to reduce tllat 10 '5.8 per cent, helped by from its long sleep die sale of strategic oil reserves. <>nee-prohibitive taxes on im­ ported cars are being slowly re­ t's official: South Africa's Hugh Pope reports from Johannesburg duced in line with international I economy has turned the cor­ ._ agreements: But local as­ ner. A long uphill slog is in on the new mood .of optimism prevailing semblers of cars under licence prospect, but· some businesses have bad one of their best first are already racing ahead. on what will be a long and arduous road quarters, spurred on by car Hotels and airline seats are national announcing its return in 1994 was mainly for plant and rental agencies snapping up booking up fast as tourist interest following the first fully dernoc- machinery. Other products are Deets for a boom in visitors that grows in the new South Africa. ratic elections 10 months ago. bound to follow after last week's , is catching the long-isolated Crowds are flocking to cinemas "We've gone bananas. We ·re budget scrapped, from October, tourism industry on the hop. and cafes. Consumers are gird­ reaching capacity breakdown a 40 per cent surcharge on lux­ The 30,000 extra visitors ex­ ing up their credit cards for what points," said Peter Soon-Wilson, ury imports and 15 per cent ~ed for the Rugby World Cup one national newspaper dubbed a director of Markinor, a mar- surcharge on white goods such m May to June has blocked ho­ "the big spend". ket research company. as kettles and fridges. tel bookings and most domestic "It's party time," said Eric, Daunting problems remain. Banks have joined in by open- airline seats months ahead. proprietor of a Thai restaurant Unemployment in the popula- ing up the money taps. Dr Chris Even fJTSt-class business trav­ in a crowded, up-market tion of 40 million remains at a Stals, governor of the Reserve ellers are having to make flight Johannesburg mall. ~ybody stubborn 50 per cent, especially Bank, raised interest rates and reservations well in advance. who knows how to run a restau­ among rural blacks. South asked the banks to keep credit Immigration officials can rant is making a pile." African Chamber of Business expansion in line with inflation, barely cope, forcing arrivals to When growth in th~ last three economist Keith Lockwood said still well under controUit 9.9 per wait up to 90 minutes after months of 1993 reached an growth for the whole of 1995 . ~n! ~ast_year. But it djp little to their flights just to enter the annualised 6.5 per cen~, tb~. :would probably settle down to i!ojflb~i,.p~ . country. Airport arrivals were up Chamber of Commerce in · · about 3.5 per cent, well short of -·llfhe rate change fiad VIrtu­ 49 per cent on the year before Johannesburg. telephoned its the 6-7 per cent needed to really ally no impact on us," said a busy by November last year, and members to see if the figure start creating jobs. bank manager in an utrmarket hotel occupancy rates were 80 could be true. "I wouldn't like to underplay Johannesburg mall. "We're still per cent ahead by December. Marius de Jager, the cham­ the problems," said Mr Lock- lending hand over fist." Foreign investors are moving ber's chief executive, says: wood. "But it's better than 2.4 President Nelson Mandela 's in faster than expected, as "Without exception there is a per cent growth in 1994, 1 per first full budget has also been proven by the steady perfor­ strong optimism about 1995 cent in 1993 and contraction for well received, with business­ mance of the rand during its first and 1996. Manufacturers say years before that. We are on the men applauding the importance week floating free in world mar­ business is booming, especially way to getting a sustainable it placed on fiscal stability. Even kets. The strength of the rand construction. There is growing growth rate above the rate· of the implacable Confederation of and the dismantling of customs confidence. I'm convinced it is population growth." South African Trade Unions barriers are already posing many real." Many countries are trying to granted that the budget was long-term challenges to manu­ Service industries have led the jump aboard the bandwagon. "vastly improved". Only faint . facturing industry as it emerges • way as businesses see new mar­ Britain, already the biggest in- complaints carne from the white : iDto the international market. kets at horne and in neighbour­ vestor, plans to spend half of its rich, who will pay slightly rnore.l Relatively unproductive labour ing African· states. Foreign export promotion budget for the Chris Liebenberg, Finance is another, as one manufacturer investors have also started entire world on helping trade Minister, said: "This is but the of pots and pans lamented. arriving in force. Barely a week with South Africa. beginning of a long and arduous ' "We sell one pot for about $20 goes by without another multi- A 27 per cent rise in imports road and we cannot afford the ; wholesale," he said. "Now we luxury of complacency. People fmd the same pot, made in out there are rooting for us to ; South-east Asia, selling locally succeed. Internationally. they 1 for $7. There is no way we can look to us as an example - we compete. So we are having to owe it to Africa and specifical- ! rethink our strategy." ly our region. We cannot afford I to fail them." WEEKi. Y MAIL & GUARDIAN ltW'ch 10 1:>16 1995 Kader ASmal's- #IT members of the ANC are dais that have caused .the ANC to lose - ·- ~ holding thtunbs that a new the moral high ground around Issues _ •. high-powered disciplinary of state corruption in reant months. ~-. ooiinnlttee. headed by Water Under the heading "clean govern­ ~airs and Foresttv Minis­ ment". the code states that all ANC clean-upteam terf Kader Asmal. will be able pull the members elected to the national tO party out of the tailspin It has been assembly. the senate m- the provincial tossed into bv the Winnle Mandela parliaments "shall at all times observe Will Kader Asmal's new disciplinary rommittee be able debacle and other corruption scan­ practices that are free from an forms of dals. a:.nuption". to curtail the 'com.Jpt and hungry elite' that has put the The A"'C's inabllttv to contain activi­ h adds: "Government office or parlia­ ANC into a tailspin? Eddie Koch reports ties of what one meinber calls "a cor­ mentary posts shall not be used to dis­ rupt and hung!)· black elite" Inside the tribute favours or patronage nor to IDO\'elllent reached crisis proportions seek a obtain any personal for1une a to Sign the code. Refusal to do so. and have 'bel!ntrmtwlnedln South Africa's this week as Mandela defiantly chal­ Javour." breaches eXIts ethics. ptMde wuunds IWitay"-and tt does oot have.~­ lenged A."lC leadership 01-er a series of Other key provisions of the code of for Instant dismissal frml the g

CAFE TIMES

28 February 1995 ·Black Sash changes Mary Burton, National pointment and over­ under the direction of President, Black Sash, sight of a national direc­ the Black Sash Advice Black Sash awarded (Mowbray); tor. Office Trust and its staff THE Black Sash will A resolution to this and be subject to its Danish peace prize move from a member­ effect will be taken to strategic planning. ship-based organisation the organisation's na­ This recommenda­ COPENHAGEN.- The South African women's or­ with a variety of pro­ tional conference in tion derives from an ac­ ganisation, Black Sash, has been awarded this jects to a clearly-fo­ May. knowledgement ·that year's peace prize by the Danish Foundation for cused, professionally The proposal em­ many of the Black Peace, the foundation announced yesterday. managed advice office anates from a workshop Sash's goals for democ­ Black Sash won the 100 000-Kroner prize (about organisation. at which all regions and ratic government have R60 000) in recognition of "its efforts and laudable, The Black Sash Advice staff members were rep­ been attained although pioneering work since 1955 for the defence of Office Trust will be re­ resented and follows on much advocacy and human rights and of the most disadvantaged sec­ sponsible for the ap- a lengthy process of as­ monitoring work re­ tors of South African society". sessment and evalua­ mains to be done. Black Sash, with nine bureaux throughout tion. The Black Sash, as a South Africa, provides aid and advice to 40 000 peo­ The work of the ad­ membership organisa­ ple a year. vice offices will contin­ tion, will therefore be A Black Sash representative, Mrs Mary Burton, ue and will draw on the able to celebrate its will accept the prize here today from the Founda­ support of volunteers, 40th anniversary in May tion for Peace, a private association that encour­ many of whom will be with the confidence that ages activities favouring democracy, peace and the present members of it has achieved many human rights. the Black Sash. Some of successes and that its Black Sash has been under threat of closure the research, analysis essential functions will since foreign funding was reduced. - Sapa-AFP and advocacy work will be carried forward by continue to draw on the the advice offices which skills of existing mem will continue to bear its bership but will fall name. 1Lack of voters as SA sets poll date .· ...... ~FROM HUGH POPE Registration is the key to An organiser from the poor · Mr Buthelezi, Minister of :~·-The rand will disappear like 'in Johannesburg avoiding the disorganisation Eastern Transvaal province said Home Affairs, has modified his - mist in the morning sun." · that troubled the April 1994 ignorance was more of a prob­ opposition to the polls. ~e said - The struggle over Winnie ISouth Africa will hold its first general elections. Nobody lem than hostility. "People also ·he would support registration, Mandela's political future, which post-apartheid local elections on knows how many voters there think that they voted for a na­ even if his participation in the could also shake the currency, 1 November, President Nelson could be. The Central Statistics tional government last April, so election remains conditional on is in abeyance while South Mandela said yesterday, while Office says there are 22 million; that government should fix obtainingautonomyforKwaZu- Africa's other Vice-President, provincial officials said they local authorities say 26 million. everything," he said. lu-Natal. "Some constitutional Thabo Mbeki; who has been giv­ were confident a huge backlog Officially, only 5 per cent of vot­ Lack of enthusiasm for reg­ issues will have to be resolved en responsibility for the case, is -of voter registrations would be ers have registered. But dele­ istration could stem from fears before the planned elections out of the country. . cleared on time. gates appeared confident the job that voters' rolls will be used to can be conducted successfully," A Johannesburg court hear- "The historic task of building could be done by 28 April, and force people to pay rates, rents he said. ing, on whether police had viilid democracy is half done," Mr that registration could be and taxes. President Mandela If the number of political search warrants when they raid­ Mandela told local government stretched beyond that date. promised the new roll "will not· murders rises, it could under- ed Mrs Mandela's home and of­ organisers in Johannesburg. The Furthest behind is the violent be used for devious purposes". mine confidence in South Africa flees two weeks ago, was post­ local elections "will cement the province ofKwaZulu-Natal. But Mr Mandela ·~id he might by foreign businessmen, whose poned yesterday. Another new democratic order we have Rob Haswell, the mayor of the make the 1 November poll date investments were freed from ex- potential time-bomb surfaced, fought for. The future of South old provincial capital of Natal, a national holiday. Pledges to change controls on Monday by however, when the Democrat­ African democracy depends on Pietermaritzburg. said that the support the drawing-up of South the abolition of the financial - ic Party leader, Tony Leon, said, this collective national effort." atmosphere had improved. Africa's first non-racial voter's . rand. The new unitary rand is after a meeting with the police The stabilitv of South Africa's "It's only 1 per cent so far. But Jist also came from the two oth- holding steady in free-market commissioner, George Fivaz, 10-month non-racial govern­ in Pietermaritzburg, we jumped -er main .leaders in the govern­ -trading, -with banken; expecting ;_;that General Fivaz had agreed . ment depends partly on the from under 12,000 at the week­ ment of national unity, the no surprises in today's budget. · to re-open an investigation into . run-up to the municipal polls, end to 20,000 vesterday. The Deputy-President, F W 'de Klerk "Failurein any sense can undo Mrs Mandela's alleged involve­ which will bring a new genera­ show has started," said Mr and the Zulu leader, Mango­ much of the good that we have ment in the disappearance. of tion into local government. Haswell. suthu Buthelezi. achieved," Mr de Klerk warned. two boys in Soweto in 1988.

THE INDEPE!\DE!\T • WEDNESDAY 15 MARCH 1995

Vote in the Local Government Elections Get your ID book NOW~

South Africans are going to vote for their respective Local Governments. When you Vote, you help decide how local government should be run. If you want to vote, you have to have an Identity document (ID). G_et one from the De~ent of Home Affairs office nearest to you, from a magistrate's office, ~r from a mobile unit. , . .

When you apply f~r an 10, take the followin with :. ~·. ·,; ·~ 0 210 photographs of yourself. . ; .. · 0 A birth certificate. If you do not have one. • you can apply for late registration of birth; ; ·· ·· then you must bring one or more of the .• ;'follow~g: · · · · ·-., ·· · · :·. !.~ ~! .-..: :·...-' ""':lt.;. SouthScan Vol.10 No.9 3 March 1995

WEEKLY MAIL & GUARDIAN March 10 to 16 1995 _____ ANGOLA High level defector claims Savimbi plans more war Peace shaky The Angolan government has announced a high level defection from Unita by an officer who has backed in Angola their allegations that the rebel movement is prepar­ ing for further war. Mark Tran in New York The secretary to Unita leader Jonas Savimbi's military council, Col. Isaac Monteiro 'Zabarra', was reported to have IOLATIONS of the Angolan deserted and surrendered to government forces after fleeing ceasefire by Unita rebels and lack of co-operation by the gov- central Unita headquarters in Bailundo, 530 km south-east V emment threaten to derail peace­ of Luanda, last Tuesday with his family. keeping efforts, the United Nations Zabarra was secretary to Gen. Altino Sapalalo Bock, 1l warned this week. Savimbi's hard-line military adviser and bodyguard and as i Reporting to the Securtty Connctl. such would have access to important rebel documentation. ; the secretary-general, Boutros Unita officials first denied his existence and then said he was i Boutros-Ghali, rebuked both sides mentally ill. . i in the long-running civil war for He claimed that Bock had replaced Gen. Pena 'Ben-Ben' as shov.ing a lack of goodwill that could chiefof staff, and that Gen. Manuvakola, who had signed the jeopardise the latest UN peace plan Lusaka peace protocols in Savimbi's absence, had been put for Angola. under arrest. The connell has authorised the Zabarro said that after the Unita congress last month deployment of 7 000 troops for Sa... >imbi met with his military commanders and said that Angola, including British soldiers. continued armed struggle was the only way to achieve But after the UNs bitter experience Unita's aims. He said Savimbi was preparing to resume war in Somalia, it is moving with extreme in two months, before the arrival of the UN peace-keeping caution in Angola. force. In his report, Boutros-Ghali. Unita had continued logistical support from Zaire, adding reminded both parties that deploy­ ment of the bulk of the UN force that Unita had continued support from countries with a would not proceed unless the two vested interest in the Lunda diamond area-Belgium, South sides fulfilled their commitments. Africa, Iraq and Israel. These include an effective cease­ The Angolan army said on Wednesday that supplies for fire, the withdrawal of troops to bar­ Unita had been arriving in unmarked transport planes in racks, and an early start to clearing Andulo. mines. But there have been several Each week, four to five planes had been landing in Andulo ceasefire violations by Unita. and the to unload food and military material. Zabarra said Andulo Angolan government has shown airport had been extended to act as a base for stocking rebel grudging co-operation with the first equipment. UN teams, including a Brttish con­ Zabarra ·said "I have been watching the South Africa tingent, at key spots such as air­ military instructors preparing the Unita army for over one ports. month now". 'The welcome mat has not exactly The Angolan government chief of staff General Joao been out," one diplomat said. He i Baptista de Matos said after meeting his Unita counterpart warned that the peace mission recently that "some 300 South African mercenaries serve would not survive too many post­ with the government forces and slightly less with Unita" ponements. 400 UN in (SouthScan vl0/02). About peacekeepers are Angola laying the gronndwork for the deployment of infantry units in early EO disinformation claim May. But that phase will be post­ Meanwhile the South African company involved in assisting poned unless Boutros-Ghali can the Angolan government in training its army, Executive report by March 25 that the two Outcomes, has accused SA's Department of Foreign Affairs sides have stuck to the ceasefire of waging a disinformation campaign against it. agreement. Executive Outcomes said in a statement last week that a "I therefore most strongly urge the certain Mr Blume at Foreign Affairs had suggested last year government of Angola and Unita to take, before·that date, the concrete that a so-called "Stratcom" - a smear and disinformation actions without which I will have no campaign- be initiated against the company. choice but to advise the Security The company claimed that senior personnel at Foreign Council that the deployment of Affairs allegedly supported Unita and were deliberately infantry units must be deferred," giving wrong advice to Foreign Affairs :Minister Alfred Nzo said Boutros-Ghali. and President Nelson Mandela. More than 300 crime syndicates operating in SA According to the SAPS Criminal Intelligence Organised crime in Russia under the guise of the Division, more than 300 crime syndicates are Organizatsiya is also taking a keen interest in South operating South Africa. Drug cartels are also Africa. operating on a large scale. There are five major , It is reported that over 70%ofRussia's private enterprises international criminal organisations working and commercial banks are directly or indirectly affected by either independently or in collaboration with the activities ofthe Organizatsiya, and the Russian and East one another. European economies are suffering substantially inflated They have moved into SA because ~fpoorer police surveil­ prices because of protection rackets and extortion. lance, an increased culture ofcriminality, and the collapse of The Organizatsiya specialise in extortion, protection border controls in many parts of the country. rackets, prostitution, gambling, drug production and Cocaine, heroin and their derivatives are now readily smuggling. In recent months a number ofbrothels raided by available on the South African market. The laundering of the police in South Africa were discovered to have Russian drug money, particularly through casinos and gambling and East European women working as call girls and pros­ operations, but also through legitimate business interests, is titutes. rapidly expanding, and prostitution has become big business. The oldest of the organised crime rings operating in South Nigerian clans and West Indian groups are involved in Africa are the Triads (Chinese secret societies) to be fcund the smuggling and distribution of heroin and cocaine in in most ofthe urban centres. They have a large international Gauteng and the Cape. membership, and tight organisation and began spreading The Italian and Sicilian Mafia are also using South Africa from Europe and Hong Kong to South and Southern Africa as a major conduit for launderingmoney derived from drugs, in the early 1990s. fraud and extortion. Real and dummy companies have been .The Triads are involved in loan sharking, prostit•,••on, established and exploited for these purposes. Expensive extortion and drug smuggling. A number of Chinese, 'l''ltai property deals have also been negotiated and many well and Filipino women have been brought into SA under ialse known establishment corporations are dealing, in most cases pretences to work as prostitutes in the massage parlours and quite unwittingly, with night clubs, restaurants, discotheques in escort agencies. and other assorted enterprises which involve Mafia families. The South American Cali Cartel based in the Colombian Police have identified three Hong Kong based Tritul city of Cali comprising over a dozen families (allegedly families as controlling 80% of all the heroin produced in the responsible for 80~ of the international cocaine market) is Golden Triangle of Burma, Laos and Thailand. It is likely also exploring niche areas in South Africa - the US market that South Africa is serving as both a distribution point and appears to be saturated and US law enforcement agencies destination of some of this. are developing more effective strategies. The SA Police are uncertain as to the numbers of Triad Interpol has identified links between the Sicilian agents of gangs operating in the country but they believe that the the Cosa Nostra Mafia and elements of the Cali Cartel in I threat is real and growing. Lucrative shops and businesses Venezuela and Brazil. Underworld figures in Spain, France, iii South Africa have been primary targets for acquisition Belgium and the Netherlands are also involved. and intimidation. They are also engaged in the smuggling of It is possible that farms will be purchased in South Africa ivory, rhino horn andperlemoen (abalone). for the growing and harvesting of drug crops with a .view to supplying the local and international markets. Aids set to engulf South Africa Johannesburg-Frightening new of those reported infected are · cases~ day, although it added · feelingthatAfricaisbeingaban­ statistics released yesterday likely to die within eight to ten perhaps only one-tenth of cases doned," he said. "I am here to revealed that the sub-Saharan years. "The impact has begun to were reported. · say there will be no pull-out/' pandemic of mv infection is cut deep," said the deputy Pres" ' · "lt's the first I've heard of it · .Two-thirds of Aids cases are threatening to engulf South ident, Thabo Mbeki, opening the But. in Africa in general, older reported in Africa. Uganda's Africa, writes Hugh Pope. 7th UN conference on Aids in men are having sex with virgins railways, for instance, loses 3 per Some 850;000 people, 2.1 per Cape Town on Monday. "Those to decrease their chance of in- cent of its workforce annually.~ cent of the 40 million population affected are from the young -fection. What happens is that ·central and east African toWns, . are believed to be HIV positive, and able-bodied work-force as they infect the girls," said Pierre more than half the hospital beds the virus that causes Aids, said well as young intellectuals." Brouard, head of counselling are occupied by Aids patients. By Dr Coenraad Slabber, director­ Nkosazana Zuma, the Health · services at Johannesburg's main the end of 1994, the World general of the Ministry of Minister, ·has·mobilised South non-government Aids centre. Health Organisation estimated Health. This doubles every 13 Africa's limited resources to Poster campaigns against the planet had seen 18 million months, be told ili.elndependent. deal with HIV infection, a sub- · Aids are still in their infancy here people HIV-infected. The UN . That figure is well below 20- jeot that many of her con- and condoms are unpopular. believes 45m cases of chronic 30 per cent infection rates in stituents still treat with the same Community action programmes - Aids-related disease have oc­ urban areas in countries such as fear, ignorance, neglect and · born of desperation in countries curred, killing 3 million people. Zimbabwe, Zambia or Uganda. sensationalism that contnbuted ·' such as Uganda are still not hap- '~ds is part of the human But in · high-risk groups like to the spread of the disease, pening. But specialists believe condition and will remain so. pregnant women, the South On Monday, the Sowetan that ~ovemment and even in-· There are no quick technolog­ African figure has reached 8 per newspaper repprted that 100 · dustrtalists are beginning to get ical fixes. Neiilier vaccine nor cent and is rising. children were being raped every the message that inaction could cure .is a realistic prospect this Such statistics have forced day in the'Sprawling township of lead to econoriric and social century;" Dr Piot said. · South Africa into action, partly 3 million people, because HIV disaster. "There bas been a · · · A delaying method was prov­ thanks to a government -led by positive men believed that turning point," said Dr Peter ing effective through ·a drugs black politicans-far more sen­ breaking children's hymens Piot, who is visiting South Africa · cocktail but the cost was far sitive to a problem that princi­ could cure the disease. The as chief co-ordinator of the beyond the reach of most West­ pally afflicts ilie country's 75 per next day, the newspaper said po- main UN agencies• campaign em Aids victims, let alone those cent black majority. About half lice were notified of only three against Aids. "There is also a in Africa. INDEPENDENTONSUNDAY THE WORLD IN FOCUS 5MARCH 1996 -~. **

South Africa/ black students demand quicker reform Tprmoil returns to liberal campus · Somehow a saga over the re­ From Hugh Pope instatement of atudents and · 'ibe man c'lectedwith about30 In Johannesburg catering staff - suspended for per cent of the vote to head the quarters of the population, but hostage-taking and hooliganism Student Representative Council only 37 per cent of the 18,000 1HE FAJNI' chant of a protest after Professor Charlton's agreed. "The admin are scared, students. Three out of 180 song wafted up to the 11th floor administration fired two cashiers understandably so. The power professors and 76 out of 680 of the administration building of for giving canteen food free to they had will be affected," said lecturers are black. South Africa'a best-known students - has turned into the Muzi Sikhakhane. "They ac­ "It's pathetic," Professor English-language university. complex kind of political dispute knowledge change must take Charlton said, blaming apartheid Another cloud of conccm flitted troubling the new South Africa. place. But, like many people in policies that crippled black a.w tbe face of ils principal, Via:­ Student radicals are trying to power, they want to determine education with rote learning Clanccllor Robert Charlton. use the reinstatement issue to the change. They are just post­ and the virtual abolition of Victory against apartheid has mobilise the campus towards poning the inevitable." maths. "There are not many somehow not brougJtt the happy "transformation", challenging As elsewhere in the country, people properly qualified. Only ending that might have been that Wits is too slow in opening young black South Africans 1,000 of 10,000 teachers in ter­ expected by the liberals of the up to blacks and suggesting that smart at the way blacks are in tiary education are black. It's a University of the Witwatersrand the university's august Anglo­ government but somehow not pipeline, and it's a long on~." in Johannesburg, affectionate~ Saxon past is in conflict with its quite in power. Conflict over the curriculum known in South .Africa as "Wits • untested African future. White-owned conglomerates compounds the problem at the "It's stressful. .. it's not fair. "'fransfonnation means dif­ still control the South African 73-year-old campus, dominated But I've lon$ given up believing ferent things to different economy and whites still domi­ by the columns of a huge neo­ that life is fiUl'," Professor Charl­ people ... behind (these protests~, nate places like Wits. Blacks classical temple ~de. African- ton said, suppressing a half-rise there is a kind of racism. It s make up more than three- from his chair to see if he could about power to the black people. spy the small band of student The country's been taken over by protesters far below. blacks and they want it here," the 66-year-old principal said.

ist critics denounce Western now ruling in South Africa. We privileged white schools and more odious forms of apartheid. ous ethnic groups rarely seem to norms as "Euro-centric", taking can stand proud for our resis­ poor, overcrowded black ones. But they baulk at taking the les­ mix on campus, whether in issue, for instance, with a music tance to the ti4al wave of "If standards were high son further, from delinking with lecture theatres or while chatting department where a single apartheid," saidl~ faculty mem­ because black people were their paymasters," said left-wing casually on the lawns. course on the mature works of ber Peter Jordi, also a cam­ excluded, then I have a problem activist Heinrich Wohmke. "'The non-raci.'illl is all painted Mozart appears to equal the paigner against police torture. with that. They want Oxford in "None of us believes that greater very nicely on the application whole of African music. "Now we're embattled again. Africa. We want an African Uni­ black intake will change the form. You come here thinking Few of the Africanists contest There is a feeling that the versity that will contribute in its kind of graduates that are pro­ maybe you'll get a white room­ the benefit ofleaming Mozart at university could be defeated. own way," said Mr Sikhakhane, duced. This university chums out mate or a white girlfriend. But all, but with their attacks on But I think the values we upheld the student leader. the kind of graduate the white you don't," said 1Shepile, a 23- "Western" norms - including are immutable. They will win To complicate matters, English-speaking business com­ ycar-old chemistry student. intimidation of opponents and through." students on campus often believe munity wants, hostile to labour." "For an African guy who grew the petrol bombing of the office The argument is also about that while the Afrikaner uni­ Wits is probably no more up in Soweto like me, it's not of at least one white teacher - academic standards. After versities· publicly repent about guilty on that charge than Oxford easy. We blacks are the ones who there is a perception among decades of apartheid's huge their wh1te supremacist past, or Harvard, ;md the fact that have to make all the cor ""S&ions some white staff that an attack affirmative action for whites, the "right-wing liberal" English­ most young black graduates are to see that h worL ~ee we· is being made on what they see black students feel entrance speakers at Wits have an now assured meteoric careers should stick together. But the as fundamental values of the requirements should be much economic motive for covertly makes the protests more dis­ whites should be more thankful civilised world. · more flexible to reflect the dif­ keeping apartheid alive. turbing than disruptive. Perhaps that we are not kicking them out, "Our ideas became the ideas ference in opportunity between "They could protest against .only the past explains why vari- like in other African countries." -- THE SUNDAY TIMES ·12 MARCH 1995 .. ~:British hired killer tells of >_:a~empt to unseat Mandela IT WAS friday niaht in the The area he described as his white stronghold of Heidel­ ·Report: Tim Rayment training camp, on a farm 10 berg, a small town southeast of Johannesburg miles from Heidelberg, still Johannesburg, when the_police Photographer: shows clear evidence of shoot­ finally caught up with Tyrone ·Juhan Kuus ing ranges, ammunition hides Chadwick. and an assault course. Locals Chadwick, a burly, crop­ wore a paratrooper's beret, but recalled seeing up to 100 headed former British soldier .is actually a former fusilier. people there at any one time, married tP a local girl, had ~ · Chadwick approached . The · with an intake that changed story to tell. He had been Sunday Times in England six - once a fortnight. recounting it for weeks to The weeks ago. making serious "It was very dangerous," Sunday Times: a tale of terror­ allegations about white ex- said ·a teacher at the school ism, murder and subterfuge, tremist activities in which he _nearby. "You could not go out allegedly directed by a white said be had participated in - at night; because after dark they supreiD8Cist He had produced South Africa. He claimed to be just killed people." Her ac­ would leave ~vent 10 greet them, claiming to nooses and guns and a map of part of the ao-called Third : count was supported by three of the attacks to implicate the ne looking for the colonel's secret graves. Force, a much-discussed but · Other teachers. ANC or IFP, and cut off the ha~cue. While they drove off 10 Now, as detectives drove still opaque conspiracy dedi· - "They have killed many ears of victims to strengthen the JOilt the. bra_ai. we kept ab- him away through the maize cated to undennining Man- • people,'' said a vegetable impression that the conflict was 'olutcly snll I or 50 minutes, fields from his in-laws' farm. dela's chances of pining and ·seller. "l think this happened at ethnically based. The most re- then retumed to the dig and un- bouse. it was the tum of the keeping power. ·. people's homes and in taxis." cent attack, said Chadwick, was ' overed a COipSt:. His head police to try to separate the The aim of the Third Force is . Chadwick said be sent his in November 1994. This could . -lllcrged first. coated in dark facts of his story from fantasy. said to be to push up the murder Inkatha- charges out on raiding not be confll'llled. ·Nor is there ~rcy soli, three or four teet Was be really a key operative rate and cause society to break. parties to local "ANC settle­ any evidence to support .!uwn in a destabilisation campaign down, so that the world con- ments" with instructions to Chadwick's mosteA.traordinary Chadwick had ~taid this Sf.oOI aimed at fomenting black-on­ eludes black people are in.- · come back with a prisoner.The claim: that he had infiltrated .,a;; thc burial place of a 17- black violence and. ultimately, capable of government. With degree _of violence on these right-wing terrorist circles at •..:•n-old called Lucky. who bringing down President Nel­ South Africa facing renewed raids, he said, depended on how the request of a mysterious fig· •ame from the violence-racked son Mandela's government? If urban violence as the ftrst badly his people wanted blood. ure called Riaan in the South :h!lghbourhood of Kallchono ·Dot, why was the body of a anniversary of abe election ap- "On six occasions, give or African national intelligence .. youth he called Lucky found 4ft preaches, the Third Force ~ . take, they killed abe gu>'s. service. _ _ ankdedwafterhose ~nhereatsfrequently beneath a sandy clearing in the still regarded as an entity to be_ There's one thing I did insiSt: Chadwick did make one as aw; w bouts so maize crop, at exactly the spot reckoned with. .. . . - that they didn't bring back claim that proved to have hor- that they could give him a Chadwick pinpointed? He The Sunday ,Times treated · women.' • Some of these details rible eorroboration, however. proper funeral. He had been ~!aimed to have killed Lucky Chadwi~:k's -tales with ~ ·: we,re coiTohorated. · . · . H;e sketched a map to back his shot after showing a lack of and several others.. t ~ . ·.• •. . ,ticisrn. Most mereenaries \elL ,~ The training camp wis shut assertion that be had killed 10 enthusiasm in an -attack on a Yesterday, Chadwick, 36, stories that mix ·fact with fie··; doW1l by the authorities in trusting helpers and that there minibus. and two of his associ,ates - tion. and their claims.~~Te hard . December 1993, after com­ ~ere bodies at the training .. He was ve:ry aervous. He Ken and Tom Parker, a pair of to confum. Last week, how< plaints from local people. camp. . . didn't aay a lot." Chadwick tough, 40-year-old twins from ever, )t slowly became .. pliiJ..n ' Revisiting it this month, Chad· Chadwtck Satd ~lack v~lun- , • had said. ..1 was beginning to Nuncaton-were facing police teers w~ . some~t:S kille:cJ , worry whether he understood questioning as the South Af. after unwJtUngly d1ggmg the1r what we · · [' he rican authorities studied the 'I asked him what" was up with him. The -own graves "to bury weap- . . . w~ saymg an t evidence. ons". Some were so trusting la... :~mmute briefing)._ • Sources in Johannesburg next day I shot him in ihe neck with a .38 they handed Chadwick their I knew Lucky didn t fire said the case was likely to have revolver. He screcmied .like apig' -__ guns if asked. m~y &boas. because when. l a powerful political impact. . ( ~. . Claims such as Chadwick's, had his magazine off him -he' Mandela's African National · ~ving the l~ons of corpses , had only fired about seven Congress (ANC) bas long that even if much of what wicklought atid.founci'a rubber Jinked to the Third Force, have . rounds. I asked him what the claimed foreign nationals were Chadwick said was fantasy, . noose in the undergrowth: a bee.n made before. :When the f*** was up with him. The next involved in right-wing vi­ some was horribly real. · · memento, be said, of an in- police have mov~d m, no bod- day I &hot him in the neck with olence, but has lacked the evi­ He claimed to have taken cideilt when he "got angry" tes we~e ever d15CMangosuthu Buthelezi 's mercenaries in black make-up whisky so that be would not no- ie;; he had spokenof,descrihing a farce, fighting with a $WI in lnkatha ~m party (IFP). a · for attacks arranged by a fanati· tice our camera flashes.· them as just a boast. Wbether one hand ,. 'ld a beer m the rival to Mandela's ANC. In cal right-wing associate, whose · After 20 minuteS an armed other. KwazUlu Natal, .lnkatha bas name is known to the police. fann patrol came across our h.:- is a fantasist, a multiple ntur­ Back in h·'delberg, how­ been close to war with the · The volunteers would not' be car, which was parked at the • d.:.-..:r or the key to one of South ever, he was ma:tried days later ANC, a state some on the right told what they were doing until side of a remote dirt track, and Alrica's dirtiest secrets is now at a e;cremony bedecked with wanted ro see throughout South the last minute. moved towards us with their l(u· the law to decide. abe banners of the AWB. He Africa. · The associate, he alleged, guns cocked. Two of our party VIEWPOINT . THE INDEPENDENT • MONDAY 13 MAR:!_;H 1995 ····························~································· _THE OBSERVER_ Mandela ·must SUNDAY 12 MARCH 1995 lay Winnie's curse to res~

~out.n Africa 1 have ruined my WINNIE MA."'DELA has be­ · All those with a aignificant life for, • ·abe come the opposite of everything. 'constituency' are invited into the said. The gov­ - her estranged husband}~elson,. tent, less because of their ability ernment has stands for in the public s ~magJ· to contribute to its upkeep than only said that nation. Where the South African their potential to disrupt it if they Mbeki would President pateheJ up quarrels, are left out. Mbeld, the concilia­ brief the presi­ unites adversaries and defuses tor, can claim much credit for dent after he crises, she splits organisations, South Africa's relatively smooth returned this reopens old woUilds and leaves transition to democracy; He has week from the crises in her wake. ·prevented disaffected groups Copenhagen She also threatens to become from challenging the new politi­ conference on his greatest weameaa. Nelson cal order. poverty. Mandela's failure to act against a Mrs Mandela, no matter what If Mrs Man­ junior Minister who has brought her sins, has a constituency. dela has proved his government into disrepute Thousands of people in squatter one thing it is poses the question: is Winnie ~mps and alienated yoUilgsters that she has an more than a match for him? see her as their champion. Her enormously strong penonality. As in most things, the Presi­ populism is of the same gut kind But it is coupled with a lack of dent has acted scrupulously. The as the television character in the judgment. Sympathisers have fraud and corruption charges film Network who leads the always been quick to blame her against her are not yet proved chant: 'We're mad as hell and lapses on the system tha~ jailed and he insists the law must take we're not going to take it any and banished her for keepmg the its course. more.' Whether she could ever voice of the ANC alive. But she Mrs Mandela's defiance of the organise this mob into a political has never shown that she knows head of state, disobeying his the difference between this kind orders and flying to West Africa force to rival the ANC is not the of persecution, where she was the poiz:t. As a Deputy ~ster, she victim, and her trial for kidnap­ two weeks ago so she would not · 1s, m theory, restramed from - in her press secretary's words ping and assaulting four boys, !Jl whipping up her supporters which 14-year-old Stompte -disappoint her 'worship.pers', against the government. is a different matter. Commg so Seipei was the victim. Except that things are not The brutality with which she aoon after she was forced to sign working that way. In just three an abject apol- was treated for her political defi­ ogy for her crit- months, she has split the Con­ ance contrasts with -the gentle­ gress of Traditional Leaders, ness of her treatment for those icism of the broken up the ANC Women's government in criminal offences. She was con­ League and clashed with her own victed of kidnapping, a aerious mid-February, Minister, Ben Ngubane. Her Co­ it is a sackable · felony, and walked away with a ordinated Anti-Poverty Pro­ suspended sentence. offence. gramme, suppoaedly a welfare There is little Perhaps the ease with which organisation for the poor, is sus­ the ANC took her back into the doubt that, but pected of being a vehicle for her for the blWl­ fold and bent its code of conduct political and material aspirations. so she could stand in the elec­ dering Key­ Finally, she has defied the gov­ stone Cops­ tions also contributed to Mrs atyie raid on ernment. On top of everything Mandela's belief that she was her Soweto else, she refused for most of last above the law. That is the home while she week to obey presidential in­ dilemma facing the President. was away, she structions to meet Mbeki - and For, if Mrs Mandela can defy the would already then only agreed after prompting government and ~away y.ith .it, be looking for a from her daughters. Neither has why should rampagmg umvers1ty new job. The heavy-band.ed disclosed what was discussed at students, striking civil servants or police action allowed her to pamt their two-and-a-half hour meet­ township criminals fall into line? a criminal investigation as politi­ ing on Friday. In a speech at the A showdown is approaching. cal persecution. funeral of an ANC official yester­ As personally painful as i~ might Behind the question of why her day she hit out, saying she felt be, President Mandela Wlll have husband does not just sack her humiliated and betra~ed by her to take a stand. lies another: why was a convicted own people. 'This 1~ ~ot the Phillip ven Niekerk child-kidnapper appointed to the Johanne.o.burg cabinet in the tint place? The long answer is that Dep­ Uty President Tbabo Mbeki has elevated Lyndon Johnson's maxim about J, Edgar Hoover­ that it was better to have him inside the tent pissing out than outside pissing in- to a guiding principle of government. . Disposing of the This is a story about a man who

bought up a body of 11rt in 1989

for less than half a million rand

.00 ltallds to sell it for what lOOMFA\NW@ ·-expens estimare aJUid lllllOUIIt estate · to RSO million. But it is not a success story .It is Nowsuddenly,andespeciallyin less absolute discretion to the ex- astory of uncenain dealing in that the midst ofa muddle ofchanges of ec:utor; but in the end the Master of beauroc:ratic twilight zone where the executorship of estate and various the Supreme Court intervened to law stans to balk as some creature other legal wranglings, Younge's declare the will of good sLanding more sinister than an ass. It is a story copyright agreements lost all force despite~ irregularity. ~ about the rich and the poor, about and issue had to be broached anew At this point the immediate task post apartheid disregard for the rights with the Muafangejo esLate. facing the executor was to locate .. o of blacks who lack the currency to No matter, or so at the time it and obtain a signature from one of buy into the dominant white reality. seemed. I..evin.ul took the laSk upon the family members, all of whom I In a word it is a story about the art himself and in due course he in- were obscurely located in remote market in Southern Africa and tbe formed Younge that he had negoti- ~ of Northern Ovambo and way it continues to operate. ateda copyright agreement-in both Angola. He had reportedly a period As our story opens, Cape Town Younge's and his own names, with of three months in which to do this, ~ artist Gavin Younge is busy assem- the newly appointed executor of the failing which the estate or the ram- • bling material for a book he pro- estate. The signing and~ would ily's pan of it would, so the execu- posestowriteaboutNamibianartist come with the official winding up. tor told Arts Association officials in 0 John Muafangejo. He has been ap- The figure at which copyright Windhoek, reven to being an estate preached by the Namibian Arts had been agreed was the almost of the coun. Association to do this job - as ac- laughably nominal sum of R500. But, according to people close to credited representatives of the an- The executor, duly appointed by the events, little seemed to being done ist. Namibian judiciary, was a proprie- in this regard, and it was only after ·oo. Younge has had cordial deal- tor ofan investment uust company. the Arts Association intervened - ings with the artist himself. He has Vaguely dissatisfied with what dispatching their own messengers recently returned from a research appeared to be less than straight at their own expense -that the heirs ·~ trip abroad - during which trip he dealing, but at this stage still having were finally tracked down. J:J h~ cleared up outstanding copy- no serious reason to reassess the Meanwhile Levinson was drop- right snags with an Anglican priest partnership with Levinson, Younge ping bombshells all over. It turned who contracted an earlier copyright set out for Windhoek in early 1989 out that this application for copy- agreement. And now, fully au- to prosecute business related to the right - informally agreed to by the thorised, he is interviewing local book. And so did Levinson, to re- executor- had been made not in his (L) collectors and interesled puties inside new his association with the execu- and Younge's names jointly, but in South Africa. Then he is approached tor. Levinson's alone. When Younge by the scion of an influential Na- The Windhoek scenario at this discovered this fact, he confronted ,.Q mibian an family, an historian and point was messy to say the least. At Levinson on the question - only to · dealer, Orde Levinson. What Lev- flrst, after the death of Muafangejo, be told he could either like the new inson proposes is. that the two should it had appeared that the artist had arrangement promoting Levinson 10 collaborate on Younge's proposed died intestate and the estate (poten- senior partner or he could lump it ~- catalogue raisonne - subject to the tially representing one of the great Whereupon Younge chose to proviso that Younge should remain fortunes of the tiny country's his- lump it, and instead, since nothing in all senses the senior partner in the tory) was at fll'st dealt with as such. had yet been formally concluded, ventur:e. Levinson's own contribu- Then a will, some twenty years old he submitted his own copyrightap- Reprinted rrom lion is to be limited to an essay on was found leaving 20 percent of the plication in respect of the proposed an artide ia Muafangejo'saesthetics and part of total estate 10 an Anglican church- catalogue raisonn~. In his applica- . Vrye Weekblad the cataloguing, dating and general administered fund for young artists, lion he included statements of sup- on 5 June 1992, documentation of the work. It is a and the remaining 80 percent to pon for his project from both bene- with kind task for which Levinson appears various relatives. ficiaries of the will, the Anglican permission or the . author· well suited, having recently pub- Only it appeared the will could Church and the Muafangejo family; Jvor Powell lished a catalogue raisonne of the be null and void. Although in no and Younge went further 10 offer to graphic work ofBritish painter John way involved in the case at this pay out far higher, market related Piper. point, Levinson went out of his way rates (to be fixed in consultation But it was soon to become ap- to argue that, since an official of the with the legatees) for the literary parent that Levinson's ambitions Anglican church (and thus a benefi- copyright. He was assured by the were not that easily to be satisfied, ciary) had also served as a witness executor his application would be and this was especially so after the will should beset aside. Voiding seriously considered along with Muafeangejo's untimely death from the will would have given more or Levinson's and any others of the pneumonia in November 1987. similar order that may still be re­ temational practice be followed and ceived. the blocks be "cancelled"-which is In the event though it was Orde to say that they be defaced in order Levinson's R500 offer, WlSUpponed to prevent funher editions from being by the heirs, and without the bless­ printed from them. ing of Muafangejo's major dealer, This ta.sk fell 10 the executor (the Association), which won out­ who had custody over the blocks. seemingly in deflallCC of all ac:cepled But the executor failed to do a con­ rules of executorship. vincing job the first time roWld, Exit Gavin Younge, stage left leaving, even after the ..cancella­ But the drama is by no means tion" ,the blocks in a condition per­ over yet, and now the curtain rises fectly capable of producing clean on a small discreet advertisement in prints. He had to be dispal.ched again the Namibian press to the effect that before the job was properly done. the estate ofJohn Muafangejoalong Butonlydaysbeforetheauction still not been consulted) petitioned with the copyright of his work will took place, Levinson committed an the Namibian judiciary to get it back, be sold at auction in Windhoek in extraordinary breach of etiquette and offering to return the RIIO 000 it October of 1989. possibly of law. Arts Association had realised at auction. This request. This move too, was opposed by officials claim, that. without any like all of the others they had made, the Anglican church and their legal reason at all to have access to the was denied and Levinson continues representatives, arguing that copy­ blocks (not yet convincingly to draw royalties- every time a right belonged prima facie to the cancelled) in the first place, he had Muafangejo is reproduced. heirs and that since they had not a (presumably unwitting) local art­ This is a story which pulls to­ been consulted on the copyright ques­ ist print his own private editions of gether a number of different sarands. tion (we are talking here not about a prints in secret The artist in ques­ So it might not be inappropriate to limited copyright such as that granted tion is abroad and could not be con­ give it more than one epilogue. in respect of single publication, but tacted, but has made allegations in The fust is surreal and has Lev­ copyright over the use and repro­ writing. inson resurfacing in Windhoek to duction of· Muafangejo's entire Finally, however, the work, lock, unilalcrally dechre the Gem:an castle oeuvre) it would not be appropriate stock and cancelled blocks came to owned by his family as the "Namib­ to sell it off in such cavalier fashion. auction. You will not be surprised to ian National. Gallery", demanding They also complained that the ad­ hear that the lion's share (more than at the same time that the Namibian vertisement had not allowed fair ihree quarters of the total auction) government give him R4 million in warning to potential buyers. was then promptly bought up by purchase price as well as more than As a result of the intervention Levinson. And that it was he to who, RIO million to develop iL He, of the church lawyers succeeded in bidding against a national trust and course, in the gesture becomes Di­ delaying the planned auction for a at a price of RllO 000, bought up rector of the National Gallery of month. But in the end the auction the copyright on all of Muafangej>'s Namibia. went ahead, still without the family work too. In some cases he bought Though the government in due having been consulted about copy­ up as many as 20 prints of a single course set up a committee of e_x­ right. According to Ans Associa­ image. perts to establish a National Gallery­ tion officials, representatives of He has since then been releasing of a more official stripe - and this International copyright authority in these in controlled batches on the decided to hand the taslc over not to Geneva later expressed themselves way. Works that he acquired at mere Levinson but the Arts Association, to the effect that this was in flagrant hundreds of rands are now selling Levinson, now based in Britain, has contravention of all accepted prac- for more or less equal numbers of subsequently been known 10 describe , Lice in such cases. thousands. Cancelled blocks (more himself in official dealings as still During the run-up to the exhibi­ than 50 of which Levinson bought being the Director of the National tion Levinson was performing the for a total of R40 000) have been Gallery of Namibia. highly irregular function of assist­ sold by Johannesburg galleries at The second epilogue is ofa more ing in compiling lists of items com­ high prices since the publication of realist character. It has the ing to auction, Windhoek sources his book. JX}ces are set to soar higher: Muafangejo family gathered at the claim.· Which is where matters stand at graveside to dedicate a funerary The P..ru Association, hearing the present time- in spite of the fact memorial more than a year later. that the a~tist's blocks (from which that the Muafangejo family, on dis­ Please, God, the prayer rings out his prints 'Nere made) were also covering that copyright to their rela­ Please God, let the Association of coming to auction, insisted that in- tives' work had been sold (they had Arts get the copyright back.