By: Gabriel Dattilo, Miguel Rodriguez, Jenna Zilic Survival of Eastern Empire Survival of the Eastern Empire
• The origins of the Byzantine Empire traces back all the way to 330 A.D, and fell in 1453 • The Eastern Empires had a tradition of art, literature, learning and serving as a military buffer • The eastern half of Rome prove to be less vulnerable to external attacks thanks to the Constantinople being located on a strait Survival of the Eastern Empire (cont.)
• The Byzantine Empire was ruled by Roman law and Roman political institutions, and its official language was Latin • Students were educated on Greek history, literature and culture and for religion, the council of Chalcedon in 451 established the division into five patriarchates each ruled by a patriarch, also the head of both church and state During the rule of the Palaiologan emperors, the economy of the Byzantine Empire crippled, the Byzantine empire had no more military and no more support and eventually died out Justinian Code Justinian Code
• Justinian's code is a collection of laws and interpretations of the law written in mid-early 500 B.C.E, by the current Byzantine leader of that time, Justinian. • The purpose was to bring a state of unity among the empire after the western empire had collapsed. • Justinian consulted with administrative representatives and appointed counsel members to revise and examine Justinian code. • It consisted of four parts; the Digest (533 BCE) , the Code (534 BCE), the Institutes (535 BCE), and the Novella (556 BCE). • Each section collected, summarized and outlined the laws of the Roman empire. • "The Codex Justinianus was the first book to be completed and is the foundation for the Justinian Code" (Holohan, April 17 2015) Justinian Code (cont.)
• The Codex was first written in 529 BCE, though the final revised edition was not until 534 BCE. • Justinian's code influenced other developing societies' political arrangement such as; Western continental Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa. The work is considered a remarkable contribution to the empire and one of Justinian's most memorable accomplishment. • The code gave some countries a foundation for their political system. • Justinian consulted with administrative representatives and appointed counsel members to revise and examine Justinian code. Reconquest much of the west Reconquest of the West: Justinian's victories
Rome, Africa, and the East were separated for hundreds of years on both political and cultural fronts. Naturally being different they were broken into the Western Empire and the Byzantine Empire(Eastern Empire).The Western Empire experienced many Germanic invasions preceding its fall in 476 CE. Justinian I wasn’t the Emperor of the West, no, he was the ruler of the East and he wanted bring Rome back to one large empire again.(8)
Justinian the first from the Byzantine Empire (East Empire) tried to take back the eastern lost land such as Italy Illyria Sicily, Carthage Corsica, Sardinia, northern Libya, and the Balearic Islands.(5) Justinian launched an attack, trying to bring Rome whole again ,against the Vandals in 533C.E. Due to his successfulness Justinian reconquered Africa in 534CE.(4)
In 535 Justinian 1 felt lucky enough after taking Africa to take Italy and Sicily. In 535 he took Sicily and in 540 after many wins and losses he took Italy.(4) Reconquest of the west: Justinian's hardships
Justinian 1 had to deal with Italy was a struggle to hold a split empire and the due to the new Gothic leader Justinian 1 plague in Totila who rose to power in 542CE.(4) 541C.E., but his general, Narses, defeated Totila in 553C, even without the help of Justinian's supplies, and Italy became Roman influence again.(4) Painting of the Justinian plague found in Constantinople. Reconquest of the west: the hardships continued
Justinian also faced trouble holding onto Palestine. In 529 Julius ben Sabar started a revolt against the empire for Sumaritans. In 532 Constantinople the people faced "civil- discontent" due to the Nika riots which lasted a week left thousands of people dead. In 559CE another Sumaritan revolt began holding much more influence didn't stop until Justinian's death.(4) Soapstone method
The Twelve Tables Primary source
• From http://www.archive.org/stream/thetwelvetables14783gut/14783.txt, a translation, and notes on the Twelve Tables S.O.A.P.S. Tone
Speaker: Two commissions each of 10 men (Decemviri), who wrote the laws of the Plebians. The Patricians were bias towards men, for there was a lack of confidence between woman social status or female political jobs. This was because of the lack of education and constraints society put upon women of ancient Rome. Occasion: 455 and 450B.C.E. The Plebians later revised and added an additional two tables to the original. Audience: The audience are for judicial and political members, students being educated on Roman laws, Justinian Code, and/or Twelve Tablets. Specifically Republic political systems, for that is how Rome government was set up. The translation reads "he", "man", "his, ect., displaying the audience of that time were specifically to the men of society, which not coincidentally, were the political representatives in the government. S.O.A.P.S. Tone (Cont.)
Purpose: Purpose is to inform future political members and generations , for of how the document was organized. A monotoned and factual document. Subject: Roman Laws which can be seen by how debts were proposed and paid in law section number three. Tone: Serious based on the numerous accounts of the term killing, burning, or murder as well as the word slaves and debt appear in the laws . References
• Full text of "The Twelve Tables". (2005, January 24). Retrieved from http://www.archive.org/stream/thetwelvetables14783gut/14783.txt
• Holohan, T., & Kite, D. (2015, April 17). The Justinian Code and Its Influence - Global Connections. Retrieved from http://globalconnections.champlain.edu/2015/04/17/the-justinian-code-and-its-influence/ • Kreis, S. (2009, August 3). The Laws of the Twelve Tables, c.450 B.C. Retrieved from http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/12tables.html • PBS. (n.d.). The Roman Empire: in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Social Order. Women | PBS. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/women.html • Spodek, H. (2006). The world's history: Volume 3. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. • University of California at Berkely. (n.d.). Roman Legal Tradition and the Compilation of Justinian. Retrieved from https://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/robbins/RomanLegalTradition.html • Wyeth, W. (2012, September 8). Justinian I - Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.ancient.eu/Justinian_IH