COMPETING POWERS IN RAVENNA

Political Military Episcopal

EMPERORS Honorius Stilicho Ursus –th Aug  – mm c. – th Apr  John, notarius Castinus Sep  –May  – mm Valentinian III Peter I  rd Oct – – st Jul  Empress Galla Placidia Boniface –  d.  Nov    mm Aetius  – mm Faustus  –  and  PP Neon c. –th Feb  Avitus Ricimer th Jul –th Oct  – mm Marjorian th Dec –nd Aug  Libius Severus th Nov –th Nov  Anthemius th Apr –th Jul  Glycerius Exuperantius rd Mar  –th Jun  c.  –nd May  Julius Nepos Jun –th Aug  Romulus Augustulus st Oct – rd Aug 

KINGS Odoacer Basilius John I  rd Aug –st Mar   PP –th May  Theoderic Liberius st Mar  – th Aug   – PP Cassiodorus Peter II  – PP – rd Dec – Decius – PP

Powers in Ravenna Table_01A Political Military Episcopal Faustus –  PP Albinus –  PP Opilio Aurelianus before  PP d. th May  Abundantius –th May  PP Athalaric Ecclesius –nd Oct  –th Jul  Iohannes before  PP Avienus –  PP Queen Amalasuintha Ursicinus st Aug –  – th Sep  with Theodad Nov –Nov  Witiges Fidelis Victor Nov –May  –  PP –  Reparatus – th Feb  PP Athanasius –  PP Ildibad Belisarius –  briey PP Earic  Totila/Baduila Maximinus Maximian –Jun   PP th Oct –nd Feb  Teias Jul – 

EMPERORS Justinian Narses May –  –  PP Antiochus  PP

Aurelianus at Ravenna – 

Powers in Ravenna Table_01B Political Military Episcopal

Pamphronius Agnellus – / PP th Jun –st Aug  Justin II Longinus  –  c. –  PP Peter III  th Sep –th Aug  Sisinnius c.  at Susa mm Baduarius  – kouropalates son-in-law of Justin II Tiberius John II, the Roman –  nd Nov –th Jan  Maurice Decius – c.  Smaragdus c.  –  vir praecelsus exarchus Julianus ? Romanus exarch –  Marinianus  – Georgius – th Oct  PP Gregorius  PP John  PP Callinicus – patricius et exarchus

EXARCHS John (seal) Theopemptus (seal) Akataphronius (seal)

Powers in Ravenna Table_01C Political Military Episcopal

John (seal) Phokas Smaragdus John III –  –  – /? exarchus Italiae Herakleios Photios –  ? –  John I John IV ? –  killed ? /–  Eleutherios, eunuch  –  rebelled and killed by soldiers from Ravenna army at Lucioli Gregorios –  patricius Romanorum Isaac Bonus –  –th Aug / Constans II Theodore Calliopas Maurus –  –  /–  Platon c.  Olympios –  Theodore Calliopas –? Gregorios II Maurus ?–st Mar d.  Constantine IV Theodore II Reparatus –  –  –th Jul  Anastasios Theodore c. – (seal) –th Jan / Theocharistos (seal) Justinian II John Platyn II Damian –  –? murdered –th Mar / Leontios –  Tiberios Apsimar Theophylaktos – – Justinian II second reign John III Felix – c. –? th Mar –th Nov /

Powers in Ravenna Table_01D Political Military Episcopal

John Rizokopos –  Eutychios –  Philippikos –  Anastasios II Scholastikios –  –? Stephanos c. –  (seal) Theodosios III –  Leo III Paul the patrician John V –  –  /–  Eutychios  –  Constantine V – 

LOMBARD KINGS Liutprand Pope Zacharias Sergius  /–  rd Dec –th Mar  ? /–th Aug  Aistulf Pope Stephen II –  th Mar –th Apr  Pippin, King of the Franks, rst campaign in Italy, , presents Ravenna to Pope Stephen II, Peace of Trevi. Second campaign , insists on donation Desiderius Pope Paul I –  th May  –th Jun  Pope Stephen III th Aug –th Jan   Charles incorporated the kingdom of Italy and thereafter dukes appointed by Charles probably ruled the city of Ravenna

FRANKISH RULERS Charles Pope Hadrian Archbishop Leo – th Feb –th Dec  c. –th Feb / Charles/Emperor Leo IV John VI –  c. –th Jul  Charles/Constantine VI Gratiosus –  c. –rd Feb / Empress Irene Valerius – –th Jan /

Powers in Ravenna Table_01E Political Military Episcopal

Emperor Charlemagne Martin –  c. /–  Bernard, son of Pippin Pope Leo III –  th Dec –th Jun  Louis the Pious Pope Paschal  th Jun –th Jun  –  Lothar king of Italy Pope Gregory II Petronax –   –  c.  –  Lothar emperor –  Louis II Pope Sergius II George –  –  c. –  mm magister militum PP Praetorian Prefect Many dates are best guesses; often the death date of bishops found on their tombs is the clearest indication, though it may not coincide with the literary evidence.

Powers in Ravenna Table_01F