Je Suis La Voie, La Vérité Et La Vie» (Jean 14,6)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Je Suis La Voie, La Vérité Et La Vie» (Jean 14,6) 88 No 9 1966 «Je suis la Voie, la vérité et la Vie» (Jean 14,6) Ignace DE LA POTTERIE (s.j.) p. 907 - 942 https://www.nrt.be/it/articoli/je-suis-la-voie-la-verite-et-la-vie-jean-14-6-1582 Tous droits réservés. © Nouvelle revue théologique 2021 « Je suis la Voie, la Vérité et la Vie » (Jn 14,6) I. — ETAT DE LA QUESTION De toutes les formules johanniques où entre le mot &Xî|eeia, celle de J-n 14, 6, où Jésus déclare qu'il est lui-même « la Vérité », est in- contestablement la plus neuve, la plus hardie et la plus profonde1. Mais c'est en même temps une de celles dent le sens exact est le plus difficile à saisir et à. formuler. Ceci explique les tâtonnements et les hésitations des commentateurs et le nombre impressionnant d'inter- prétations qui en ont été proposées2. N.d.l.R. — Cet article reproduit la chapitre III d'un ouvrage que l'auteur publiera prochainement aux éditions de l'Institut Biblique Pontifical : Alètheia. La nation johannique de vérité et ses antécédents historiques. 1. S. Cyrille d'Alexar.drie notait déjà : paOsia yàp (&ç èifauai Kat ou Uav euKàrùîCTOÇ f| TOC Aôyou Sûvaulç (in h.l., éd. PUSBY, II, 409, S-6 ; PG 74, 189) ; de même, tout proche de nous, A. GUII.LEBAND, à la dernière page de son beau livre, Au seuil de '.'abîme de Dieu. Elévations sur l'évangile de saint Jean, Roma, 1961, 425 : -«Je n-e suis toujours trouvé en face de ces grands mots comme en face de ces rochers tout droits qui défient toute escalade. J'ai lu cent fois ce qu'en disent les commentateurs, ce que développent les sermonnaires ; je les ai médités ou j'ai essayé de le faire ; il est clair que +ous — et moi-même surtout — restent aux pieds ; le sommet se perd dans une nuée qu'on devine pleine de lumière, mais qu'on ne pénètrs pas. » Comme devant une muraille infranchis- sable, l'ouvrage se termine sur ces mots, au seuil même du commentaire de Jn 14, 6. 2. Travaux spéciaux s-ir ce passage : 0. SCHAÏFER, Der Swn der Rede Jesu von dm vieien WshnwiQen m. seines Vaters Hmise und von dem Weg sa ihm (Joh 14, 1-7 >, dans ZNW 32 (1933) 210-217 ; W. MICHAHUS, ait. ô86(, ThWb, V (1948) 80-88 : J. LEAL, £173 sum via. et veritas-et vita (Jn 14, 6), «lans VD 33 (1955) 336-341. — Voir aussi les principales études consacrées au discours après la Cène : A. DURANG, Le Discours de la Cens (Saint Jean; XIII, 31-XVII, 26), dans RSR 1 (1910) 97-131, 513-539; 2 (1911) 321-350, 521-545; H. B. SWETE, Thé Last Discov^se and Frayer of Our Lord. A Siudy c.f St John XIV-XVII, Londofl, 19L3 ; P. W. VON KEPPLER, Unseres Hernt Trmt. Erkiàruns der Abschiedsreden une! des Fi.ohenp-riesterlichen Gebete-s Jesu (Jo Kap. lf-17), 2. und 908 I. DE LA POTTERIE, S.J. 1) P. W. von Keppler l'avait déjà noté3 : la grande difficulté dans l'exégèse de ce verset est d'arriver à préciser la relation exacte des trois termes « chemin », « vérité » et « vie ». La plupart des anciens voyaient dans « la vie », ou même dans l'en- semble des deux réalités « la vérité et la vie », le but à atteindre par la médiation de Jésus, qui est « la voie » vers ce terme, c'est-à-dire celui qui nous y conduit ; les trois membres, pourtant coordonnés grammaticalemeat, étaient donc interprétés comme étant en progres- sion l'un sur Fautre. Mais plus diune explication demeurait encore possible : « par la voie et la vérité, on accède à la vie » * ; ou encore : « par la voie, on atteint la vérité et la vie ». Cette seconde interpréta- tion manifeste une inspiration beaucoup plus platonicienne. Comme on pouvait s'y attendre, elle est représentée chez les Grecs par Clément d'Alexandrie5 : c'est le Christ céleste, le Logos de Dieu, qui est la 3. Aufl. bearb. von S. Weber, Freiburg, 1914 ; J. HUBY, Le Discours de Jésus affres la Cène, Paris, 1937 ; P. GAECHTËR, Der -fwmale Awfbvu, der Abschieds- reden lesu, ians ZKTh 58 (1934) 153-207 ; Ch. HAURËT, Les adieux du, Seigneur. Saint Jean XIII-XVII, Paris, 1951 ; C. CHARUËR, La Présence dans l'absence (Jean 13,31-14,31), dans BiViChr n. 2 (inai-juill. 1953)61-75; J. M. BOVER, Comenfaria al Sermon de la Cena, Madrid, '1955 ; J. KÔNN, Sein. îetstes Wort. Bibelleysmgen iiber die Abschiedsreden des Herrn, EinsiedeIn-Kôln, 1955 ; J. SCHNÏIDER, Die Absch-iedsreden lesu. Ein Beitrag sw Frage der Komposition von fohannes 13, 31-17, 26, dans Goif und Gôtter. Festgabe fur E. Fascher, Berlin, 1950, 103-112 ; H. VAN DBN BUSSCHE, Le discours d'adieu de Jésus, Coll. Bible et vie chréfc, Marecsous, 1959 ; G.-M. BËHI.ËR, Les paroles d'adieux du Seigneur, Coll. Lectio divina. 27, Paris, I960. 3. P. W. VON KEPPLen, o.c., 74. 4. En gros, on peut dire que cette première interprétation est plutôt celle des Grecs (sauf Clément d'Alexandrie e- Origène), et, parmi les Latins, celle de S. Ambroise et de S. Léon le Grand. Mais d'importantes niances distinguent entre eux ces différents auteurs. La meilleure explication est encore celle de Chrysostome (suivi par Théophylacte), du moins en ce sens, qu'il met, comme il se doit, l'accent du verset sur le premier terme : Jésus est la voie vers le Père ; les deux autres termes du verset, d'après Chrysostome, garantissent l'ef- ficacité de cette promesse : Jésus, la vérité, ne peut tromper ; et puisque Jésus est la vie, la mort même ne pourra nous arrêter sur ce chemin. Théodore de Mopsueste souligne davantage la succession des -rois termes : c'est par Jésus (la voie) que nous connaissons la vérité révélée et que nous jouirons de la vie étemelle. La. même progression des termes est sensible dans l'interprétation de S. Ambroise (« In^rediamur hanc viam, teneamus veritatem, vitarn sequamur. Via est quae perducit, vîritas est quae confirmât, vita quae per se redditur », De bww mortis, 12, 54 ,- PL 14, 592), dans celle de S Léon le Grand («Via scilicet conv-ersatioois sanctae, Veritas doctrinae divinae et Vita beatitudinis îempit^rnae », Serrw II de Resurr. ; PL 54, 390 C) et de Rupert de Deutz (PL 169, 697). Mais une telle succession linéaire des trois termes, où le troisième est compris en un sens strictement eschatologique, ne peut rendre corr.pte de tous les aspects du verset, comme nous le verrons. 5. S'.romat's, V, 3, 16, 1 (GCS 2, 336, 1-5) : «Celui qui espère, tout comme celui qui croit, voit en esprit (t$ v@ ôpÇ) les realités intelligibles f.tà wr\w) et futures. Si donc nous disons d'une chose qu'elle est juste ou belle; ou qu'elle est la vérité, rien de tout cela ne peut être vu avec les yeux, mais seulement en esprit. Or le Logos de Dieu, (ô fié Aôyoç TOC OeoD) dit : ' Moi, je suis la Vérité ' ; c'est donc en esprit que le Logos peut être contemplé (v$ 5pa @E«apTi-tôç ô Aôïoç)». Et dans la phrase suivante, lorsqu'il veut expliquer ce que sont ces réalités « JB SUIS LA VOIS, I,A VÉRITÉ BT I«A VIS » (;N 14, 6) 909 Vérité ; il est !a Vérité, parce qu'il est l'intellect ou la pensée même de Dieu. Même interprétation chez Origène6. Chez les Latins, une exégèse très semblable reparaît chez saint Augustin 7 ; elle sera reprise, avec véritables, Clément se réfère explicitement au Phèdre (247 c) de Platon, tout en lui faisant subir une transposition chrétienne ; alors que pour le philosophe grec, c'est l'idée qui est la vérité (êv 6è T$ <&a(8p<() itepi o^riGeiaç <&ç t8éa UYOV ô IISAtOv), pour le théologien d'Alexandrie, la vérité est la pensée (èwÔT|ua de Dieu, le Loges de Dieu,. — On peut consulter à ce sujet R. HOI.TS. Béatitude et sagesse. Saint Augustin et le problème de la philosophie ancienne, Paris, 1962, 185 s. 6. Nous n'avons malheureusement plus le commentaire d'Origène sur ce pas- sage de l'évangile de Jean ; mais l'explication qu'il en donne ailleurs est d-u même type que celle de Clément. Selon M. HAHL (Origène et la fonction révé- latrice du Verbe incarné. Coll. Patristica Sorbonensia, 2, Paris, 1968, 351), l'ex- pression « Je suis la Vérité » de Jfi 14, 6 était rapportée par Origène au Fils, au Logos étemel du Père, plutôt qu'au Jésus de l'histoire, au Verbe incarné, comme l'avait fait saint Jean. On le voit clairement par deux passages où Ori- gène dit que le Christ en Dieu est le Verbe même, la Vérité en soi 'et essentielle : ô dfrroXô'yoç èorri Kai •i\ afrrofftxpia Kai f| ai)ToaA,ri9eia (Contra Ceïs., III, 41 ; GCS, Orig., I, 237, 6-7) ; f| afr;oa^9eia f| oWaSnç Kai, ïv' o&cœç etmo, TtpœîÔTOiiOs rfiç èv Taïç XoYiKaïç VDXOÏÇ àA,ti9eiaç C/w Jo., VI, &, 38; GCS: Orig., IV, 114, 22-23). Cette pensée et ces formules sont pétries de platonisme. 7. D'après l'explication augustinienne, la vérité et la. vie se trouvent au terme du chemin, c'est-à-dire dans le Verbe, en Dieu n-.ême. Ici se manifeste clairement l'influence néo-platonicienne subie par Augustin : « veritas et vita » désignent la réalité étemelle du Christ, c'est-à-dire sa divinité, contemplée dans la vision ; voir à ce sujet F.
Recommended publications
  • The Rhetoric of the Saints in Middle English Bibiical Drama by Chester N. Scoville a Thesis Submitted in Conformity with The
    The Rhetoric of the Saints in Middle English BibIical Drama by Chester N. Scoville A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of English University of Toronto O Copyright by Chester N. Scoville (2000) National Library Bibiiotheque nationale l*l ,,na& du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rwW~gtm OttawaON KlAûîU4 OtÈewaûN K1AW canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheMrise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract of Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2000 Department of English, University of Toronto The Rhetoric of the Saints in Middle English Biblical Dnma by Chester N. Scovilie Much past criticism of character in Middle English drarna has fallen into one of two rougtily defined positions: either that early drama was to be valued as an example of burgeoning realism as dernonstrated by its villains and rascals, or that it was didactic and stylized, meant primarily to teach doctrine to the faithfùl.
    [Show full text]
  • Madonna and Child with the Blessing Christ, and Saints Peter, James Major, Anthony Abbott, and a Deacon Saint [Entire Triptych] C
    National Gallery of Art NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART ONLINE EDITIONS Italian Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century Paintings Martino di Bartolomeo Sienese, active 1393/1434 Madonna and Child with the Blessing Christ, and Saints Peter, James Major, Anthony Abbott, and a Deacon Saint [entire triptych] c. 1415/1420 tempera on panel Inscription: middle panel, on Christ's book: Ego S / um lu / x m / undi / [et] via / veritas / et vita / quise / gui ... (I am the light of the world and the way, the truth and the life; a conflation of John 8:12 and 14:6) [1] [1] See John 8:12: “Ego sum lux mundi: qui sequitur me non ambulat in tenebris,” and 14:6: “Ego sum via, et veritas, et vita: nemo venit ad patrem, nisi per me.” The grammatical errors of the inscription very likely are the result of retouching in that area, which has been heavily abraded in the past. Gift of Samuel L. Fuller 1950.11.1.a-c ENTRY This triptych's image of the Madonna and Child recalls the type of the Glykophilousa Virgin, the “affectionate Madonna.” She rests her cheek against that of the child, who embraces her. The motif of the child’s hand grasping the hem of the neckline of the Virgin’s dress seems, on the other hand, to allude to the theme of suckling.[1] The saints portrayed are easily identifiable by their attributes: Peter by the keys, as well as by his particular facial type; James Major, by his pilgrim’s staff; Anthony Abbot, by his hospitaller habit and T-shaped staff.[2] But the identity Madonna and Child with the Blessing Christ, and Saints Peter, James Major, 1 Anthony Abbott, and a Deacon Saint [entire triptych] National Gallery of Art NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART ONLINE EDITIONS Italian Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century Paintings of the deacon martyr saint remains uncertain; he is usually identified as Saint Stephen, though without good reason, as he lacks that saint’s usual attributes.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts
    THE MORGAN LIBRARY & MUSEUM MASTERWORKS FROM THE MORGAN: MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE MANUSCRIPTS Although Pierpont Morgan acquired medieval and Renaissance manuscripts only during the last dozen years of his life, his collection of some six hundred manuscripts was world renowned. His son, J. P. Morgan, Jr., added two hundred more that matched those of his father in terms of quality and importance. The collection currently numbers nearly fourteen hundred books and leaves. Written by hand and often sumptuously painted or illuminated with gold leaf, these manuscripts reflect the religious, intellectual, and artistic life of their time. Often commissioned by leaders of church and state, they were frequently made of rare and precious materials, requiring the combined skills of parchment makers, scribes, editors, illuminators, and binders. Protected by their bindings, the vivid colors of their miniatures have changed little, making them the best preserved of all medieval and Renaissance paintings. The icons of illumination shown here were selected because each, in some way, is the best of its kind and part of the core of masterworks upon which the Morgan’s international reputation is based. Nativity, in an initial P, leaf from a Gradual (I), in Latin. Italy, Florence, 1392–99, illuminated at Santa Maria degli Angeli by Don Silvestro dei Gherarducci for Paolo Venier, abbot of San Michele à Murano. This large historiated initial and four others in the Morgan come from the same two-volume Gradual, a choir book containing the sung portions of the Mass. The initial P begins the Introit for the Christmas Mass, taken from Isaiah (9:6): Puer natus est nobis (A child is born to us).
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Discourse and Prayer of Our Lord : a Study of St. John XIV-XVII
    A STUDY OF ST JOHN XIV.-XVIL BY HENRY BARCLAY SWETE, D.D. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE HON. CANON OF ELY ; HON. CHAPLAIN TO THE KING e\d,\r)ff(v OIITWS MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN S STREET, LONDON 1913 MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CHiCACO DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO TO THE MEMORY OF E. H. W. S. S. A. S. F. S. B. o&amp;gt; TO AI)TOS, 4&amp;gt;aiOa)c, irapeyevov -.WKparei tKtivri Ty ijfJ.fpq- JJ (ftdpnaKov firi(v tv rij} Sfff/jLwrrjpiy, 77 iSXXou rou iJKovffas ; 4&amp;gt;AlA- Avr6;, &&amp;gt; Ex^paTes. EX- Tt oCv STJ eVnc arra direv 6 dvrjp roG Oa.v6.rov . Ai* ?rp6 ; r/5^ws ^ap eytl&amp;gt; d/couffat^t. PLATO, Phaed. FOREWORD THIS little book makes no claim to the character of a formal commentary. Its purpose is to offer help to any who may wish to combine a devout study of our Lord s last discourse and prayer with some attempt to gain a better understanding of the thought that lies beneath the surface of His words. I hope that it may serve this end more especially in Holy Week, when the Church of England reads St John xiv.-xvii. at daily mattins and evensong. The present volume will thus range with two earlier books, The Appearances of our Lord after the Passion (1907), and The Ascended Christ (1910), which were designed for use at Eastertide and Ascensiontide respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Way of Purgation in the Works of Alice Meynell
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1949 The aW y of Purgation in the Works of Alice Meynell Richard Ferdinand Bocklage Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Bocklage, Richard Ferdinand, "The aW y of Purgation in the Works of Alice Meynell" (1949). Master's Theses. Paper 734. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/734 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1949 Richard Ferdinand Bocklage THE WAY OF PURGATION IN THE WORKS OF ALICE MEYNELL BY RICHARD F. BOCKLAGE, S.J. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE AT LOYOLA UNIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I. EXPRESSIONS OF THE PURGATIVE WAY AND PURI- FICATION IN THE POETRY OF MRS. MEYNELL •••• 1 Cleanness of heart a condition for spir- itual growth--- The motive Mrs. Meynell found for this cleanness of heart. II. EVIDENCES OF THE PURGATIVE WAY AND PENANCE IN THE POETRY OF MRS. MEYNELL ••••••••••••• 17 Alice Meynell's correlation of penance and justice--- Justice's wide atonement, to God, to other men, to oneself, to the Mystical Body. III. MRS. MEYNELL'S EXPRESSIONS OF THE PURGA- TIVE WAY AND MORTIFICATION IN HER POETRY •• 31 Mortification beyond penance and justice --- Goodier on mortification--- Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Dante's Commedia Through Augustine's Hermeneutics of Caritas
    Reading Dante’s Commedia through Augustine’s Hermeneutics of caritas Rory David Sellgren Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History Institute for Medieval Studies June 2019 -ii- The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Rory David Sellgren to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2019 The University of Leeds and Rory David Sellgren -iii- Acknowledgements This research has been carried out with the support and encouragement of my supervisors, Matthew Treherne, School of Languages, Cultures, and Societies, and Mark Wynn, School of Philosophy, Religion, and History of Science. As well as the support of my post-graduate tutors in the Institute for Medieval Studies, Emilia Jamroziak, Julia Barrow, and William Flynn. I owe a special thanks to my examiners, Claire E. Honess, University of Leeds, and Heather Webb, Selwyn College (Cambridge), for their guidance and encouragement. Also a special thanks to David Bowe, Somerville College (Oxford), for his friendship and co- organisation of Dante sessions at the International Medieval Congress in 2016 and 2017. Thank you to friends and colleagues in the IMS who I have shared many cups of coffee and tea with over the course of this research.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulgate Verses
    VULGATE VERSES 4000 Sayings from the Bible for Teachers and Students of Latin by Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. Published by Lulu Publishers 860 Aviation Parkway Morrisville, NC 27560 (919) 459-5858 www.lulu.com © 2007 Laura Gibbs. All rights reserved. This book is part of Bestiaria Latina, a collection of online and printed Latin language teaching materials. For more information, visit the website: www.bestlatin.net Post industriam sequitur sapientia. VULGATE VERSES This book and its companion website, BibliaVulgata.com, are designed to help you study Latin using the Vulgate Bible. Like my earlier book, Latin Via Proverbs: 4000 Proverbs for Students of Latin (also available from Lulu Publishers), this book is organized according to grammatical categories. This method allows you to find easy-to-read Bible verses (or parts of verses) which are suited to your level of Latin, whether you are a beginning or an intermediate student. Beginning Latin students. If you are a beginning Latin student, do not try to work through this book from start to finish. Rather than follow this book’s order, you should follow the order in which the nouns and verbs are presented in your textbook, using the Table of Contents in this book to find the specific groups of verses that match the nouns and verbs you are studying. Intermediate Latin students. If you are an intermediate Latin student who already has completed a course in Latin, you can use this book as a systematic review of Latin grammar. You either can work through this book from start to finish, or you can focus on the specific categories of Latin nouns and verbs that you most want to practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Christian and Classical Latin Together a Self-Study Program
    Learning Christian and Classical Latin Together A Self-Study Program “Latin is dead, dead, dead as dead can be. First it killed the Romans, now it’s killing me.” -A person who was alive when he invented this saying While the little rhyme above is popular among those who are unwillingly forced to learn Latin, aspiring and eager Latin students may perhaps instead prefer Veni, vidi, vici--Caesar's famous saying, "I came, I saw, I conquered." But Christians submit to Christ before Casear—so they are more likely to value Ego sum via et veritas et vita (John 14:6) far more highly than veni, vidi, vici—Christ's “I am the way, the truth, and the life” above Caesar's bloody conquests? What if, while viewing as valuable arma virumque cano—Virgil’s “Arms and the man I sing,” the conquests of the “pious” Greek and Roman war hero—and idolatrous fornicator—Aeneas, they would rather learn Christ’s in me pacem habeatis (John 16:33), “in Me ye may have peace”? Or what if they recognize the value of classical Latin to Western civilization, but they wish to learn both Christian and classical Latin at the same time, instead of only focusing on classical pagan authors to the exclusion of the writers of Christendom? What if they want to learn the language that has had such an incredible impact on Christianity for over 1,500 years—the language of the Old Latin and Vulgate Bibles; the language known by Biblical writers such as John Mark, by early Christians, by patristic writers, by the writer and audience of the Athanasian Creed, by influential medieval theologians,
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 3A: Doctrine
    UNIT 3A: DOCTRINE 64: The Incarnation and the Theotokos in Our Christian Lives 1. A Model to Follow: The Apostle Thomas The aim of this lecture is to learn to relate the Incarnation and the life of The Theotokos to our own lives. The technical term for our goal is orthopraxy—correct action arising from living out Orthodox Christian beliefs. We are struggling together to find a Christian praxis—a practical application of the Incarnation to our own lives. A good place to begin is with the experience that the apostle Thomas had in trying to do just that in his own relationship to Jesus Christ—alive, dead and resurrected In this highly secular, developed Northern world of the twenty-first century, we are very much in the situation of the apostle Thomas. You will recall that Thomas refused to believe that Jesus was alive after the crucifixion and said: “Unless I see in His hands the imprint of the nails, and put my finger into the place of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe” (John 20:25). This was also of course said to test Christ as an identifiable living person, not a vision or ghost (against docetism). Today, many people do not believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Messiah, the founder of the Orthodox Christian Church, because they have not themselves seen the major events in the life of Jesus—the Incarnation, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection and the Ascension or, more significantly, they have not personally tested the evidence for Christ in the Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Style and Catholic Theology: a Multi-Faceted Analysis of the Eucharistic Hymns of Saint Thomas Aquinas" (2017)
    Xavier University Exhibit Honors Bachelor of Arts Undergraduate 2017-3 Classical Style and Catholic Theology: A Multi- Faceted Analysis of the Eucharistic Hymns of Saint Thomas Aquinas David Nussman Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH Follow this and additional works at: http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Ancient Philosophy Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, and the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Nussman, David, "Classical Style and Catholic Theology: A Multi-Faceted Analysis of the Eucharistic Hymns of Saint Thomas Aquinas" (2017). Honors Bachelor of Arts. 21. http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab/21 This Capstone/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate at Exhibit. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Bachelor of Arts by an authorized administrator of Exhibit. For more information, please contact [email protected]. David Nussman Classical Style and Catholic Theology: A Multi-Faceted Analysis of the Eucharistic Hymns of Saint Thomas Aquinas Instructor: Dr. Thomas Strunk Director: Dr. Michael Sweeney Readers: Dr. Marita von Weissenberg and Fr. Thomas Kennealy, S.J. Abstract: Saint Thomas Aquinas wrote five Eucharistic hymns, and four of them are included among the liturgical texts for the Feast of Corpus Christi. This essay seeks to analyze these five hymns using a classical methodology. In short, this classical methodology consists of paying close attention to rhetorical devices—especially the micro-level details of diction, syntax, and word-order. The first chapter argues that Saint Thomas Aquinas approached his hymns with a mindset comparable in some respects to that of the ancient Roman poets.
    [Show full text]
  • GOSPEL of the RESURRECTION Proclamation of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ According to Mark (16: 1-8A)
    III DOMENICA DI PASQUA 3rd SUNDAY OF EASTER Ambrosian Rite ENGLISH (USA) GOSPEL OF THE RESURRECTION Proclamation of the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ according to Mark (16: 1-8a) When the sabbath was over,a Mary Magdalene, Mary, the mother of James, and Salome bought spices so that they might go and anoint him. Very early when the sun had risen, on the first day of the week, they came to the tomb. They were saying to one another, «Who will roll back the stone for us from the entrance to the tomb?» When they looked up, they saw that the stone had been rolled back; it was very large. On entering the tomb they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a white robe, and they were utterly amazed. He said to them, «Do not be amazed! You seek Jesus of Nazareth, the crucified. He has been raised; he is not here. Behold, the place where they laid him. But go and tell his disciples and Peter, 'He is going before you to Galilee; there you will see him, as he told you.'» Then they went out and fled from the tomb, seized with trembling and bewilderment. Christ the Lord is risen! Alleluia. Alleluia. READING A reading of the Acts of the Apostles (16:22-34) In those days, The crowd joined in the attack on Paul and Silas, and the magistrates had them stripped and ordered them to be beaten with rods. After inflicting many blows on them, they threw them into prison and instructed the jailer to guard them securely.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblia Sacra Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem
    Biblia Sacra Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem adjuvantibus B. Fischer, I. Gribomont, H. F. D. Sparks, W. Thiele recensuit et brevi apparatu critico instruxit Robert Weber Editionen quintam emendatam retractatam praeparavit Roger Gryson Complete Text without Apparatus © 1969, 2007 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart All rights reserved www.dbg.de www.academic-bible.com INCIPIT SECUNDUM IOHANNEM 1,​1 ​I / III In principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum 1,​2 ​hoc erat in principio apud Deum 1,​3 ​omnia per ipsum facta sunt et sine ipso factum est nihil quod factum est​ ​​1,​4 ​in ipso vita erat et vita erat lux hominum 1,​5 ​et lux in tenebris lucet et tenebrae eam non conprehenderunt 1,​6 ​II / III Fuit homo missus a Deo cui nomen erat Iohannes 1,​7 ​hic venit in testimonium ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine ut omnes crederent per illum 1,​8 ​non erat ille lux sed ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine 1,​9 ​III / III Erat lux vera quae inluminat omnem hominem venientem in mundum 1,​10 ​in mundo erat et mundus per ipsum factus est et mundus eum non cognovit 1,​11 ​IIII / X In propria venit et sui eum non receperunt 1,​12 ​quotquot autem receperunt eum dedit eis potestatem filios Dei fieri his qui credunt in nomine eius 1,​13 ​qui non ex sanguinibus neque ex voluntate carnis neque ex voluntate viri sed ex Deo nati sunt 1,​14 ​V / III Et Verbum caro factum est et habitavit in nobis et vidimus gloriam eius gloriam quasi unigeniti a Patre plenum gratiae et veritatis 1,​15 ​VI / I Iohannes testimonium perhibet de ipso et clamat
    [Show full text]