Alaska Native Reindeer Herding, 1890–1940
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Cervid TB DPP Testing August 2017
Cervid TB DPP Testing August 2017 Elisabeth Patton, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM Veterinary Program Manager Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division of Animal Health Why Use the Serologic Test? Employ newer, accurate diagnostic test technology Minimizes capture and handling events for animal safety Expected to promote additional cervid TB testing • Requested by USAHA and cervid industry Comparable sensitivity and specificity to skin tests 2 Historical Timeline 3 Stat-Pak licensed for elk and red deer, 2009 White-tailed and fallow deer, 2010-11 2010 - USAHA resolution - USDA evaluate Stat-Pak as official TB test 2011 – Project to evaluate TB serologic tests in cervids (Cervid Serology Project); USAHA resolution to approve Oct 2012 – USDA licenses the Dual-Path Platform (DPP) secondary test for elk, red deer, white-tailed deer, and fallow deer Improved specificity compared to Stat-Pak Oct 2012 – USDA approves the Stat-Pak (primary) and DPP (secondary) as official bovine TB tests in elk, red deer, white- tailed deer, fallow deer and reindeer Recent Actions Stat-Pak is no longer in production 9 CFR 77.20 has been amended to approve the DPP as official TB program test. An interim rule was published on 9 January 2013 USDA APHIS created a Guidance Document (6701.2) to provide instructions for using the tests https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_ diseases/tuberculosis/downloads/vs_guidance_670 1.2_dpp_testing.pdf 4 Cervid Serology Project Objective 5 Evaluate TB detection tests for official bovine tuberculosis (TB) program use in captive and free- ranging cervids North American elk (Cervus canadensis) White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Primary/screening test AND Secondary Test: Dual Path Platform (DPP) Rapid immunochromatographic lateral-flow serology test Detect antibodies to M. -
Incorporating Human Impacts Into Habitat Suitability Models
INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Report Prepared for The Taku River Tlingit First Nation By Jean L. Polfus Research Assistant Round River Conservation Studies April 21, 2008 INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS Polfus Acknowledgments A diversity of people have assisted with the development and refinement of this report, the need for which was identified in collaborative discussions on habitat modeling between Taku River Tlingit Land and Resources Department and the British Columbia Integrated Land Management Bureau. I wish to acknowledge Kim Heinemeyer, Norm McLean and Kerrith McKay for initiating the project. The format and design of this report benefited from the influence of a literature review of the effects of energy development on ungulates by Mark Hebblewhite, who also provided guidance and advice. I thank the Heb Lab for general discussion and ideas about habitat suitability models. Kim Heinemeyer has provided helpful feedback and suggestions on earlier versions of the report. Please cite as: Polfus, J. L. 2008. Incorporating Human Impacts into Habitat Suitability Models: A Literature Review. Report prepared for the Taku River Tlingit First Nation. Cover photos: woodland caribou © Matt Grant, grizzly © Kevin Bernier, mountain goats © Sandra Leidholdt Page 2 INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS Polfus Table of Contents Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Eight Sudanese Camel Contagious Ecthyma Viruses Based on B2L Gene Sequence Abdelmalik I
Khalafalla et al. Virology Journal (2015) 12:124 DOI 10.1186/s12985-015-0348-7 RESEARCH Open Access Phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on B2L gene sequence Abdelmalik I. Khalafalla1,2* , Ibrahim M. El-Sabagh3,4, Khalid A. Al-Busada5, Abdullah I. Al-Mubarak6 and Yahia H. Ali7 Abstract Background: Camel contagious ecthyma (CCE) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (PPV) of the family Poxviridae. The disease has been reported in west and east of the Sudan causing economical losses. However, the PPVs that cause the disease in camels of the Sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. At present, the PPV that cause CCE cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed. Methods and results: PCR was used to amplify the B2L gene of the PPV directly from clinical specimens collected from dromedary camels affected with contagious ecthyma in the Sudan between 1993 and 2013. PCR products were sequenced and subjected to genetic analysis. The results provided evidence for close relationships and genetic variation of the camel PPV (CPPV) represented by the circulation of both Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and Orf virus (ORFV) strains among dromedary camels in the Sudan. Based on the B2L gene sequence the available CPPV isolates can be divided into two genetic clades or lineages; the Asian lineage represented by isolates from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and India and the African lineage comprising isolates from the Sudan. Conclusion: The camel parapoxvirus is genetically diverse involving predominantly viruses close to PCPV in addition to ORFVs, and can be divided into two genetically distant lineages. -
Tatshenshini River Ten Year Monitoring Report Prepared
Tatshenshini River Ten Year Monitoring Report Prepared for: Yukon Parks Department of Environment Government of Yukon Whitehorse, Yukon Prepared by: Bruce K. Downie PRP Parks: Research & Planning Whitehorse, Yukon Purpose of the Report The Tatshenshini River was designated as a Canadian Heritage River in 2004. The Canadian Heritage River System requires regular monitoring of the natural, heritage and recreational values underpinning each designation. This report presents the results of the ten year review of the river values and key elements of the management strategies for the Yukon portion of the Tatshenshini watershed. The report also points out which characteristics and qualities of the designated river have been maintained as well as the activities and management actions that have been implemented to ensure the continued integrity of the river’s values. And, finally, the report also highlights issues that require further attention in order to maintain the heritage values of the designation. On the basis of these findings, the report assesses the designation status of the Tatshenshini River within the Canadian Heritage River System. Acknowledgements Thanks are due to the those individuals consulted through this analysis and especially to the dedicated individuals in Yukon and First Nations governments who continue to work towards the protection of the natural and cultural values and the wilderness recreational opportunities of the Tatshenshini River. Appreciation is also extended to Parks Canada and the Canadian Heritage Rivers Board Secretariat for their assistance and financial support of this review. All photos provided by: Government of Yukon ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PRP Parks: Research & Planning - 2 - March, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ -
Assessment of Alaska Reindeer Populations and Range Conditions
Paper presented at The First Arctic Ungulate Conference, Nuuk, Greenland, 3-8. September, 1991. Assessment of Alaska reindeer populations and range conditions J. D. Swanson1 and M. H. W. Barker2 1 USDA Soil Conservation Service, 201 E. 9th Avenue, Suite 300, Anchorage, Alaska 99501, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska 99508, U.S.A. Abstract: Populations of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have fluctated greatly since their introduction to Alaska in 1891. In the 1930s, reported numbers exceeded 600,000. Presently, 38,000 reindeer graze 6.2 million ha of rangeland and woodland in Western Alaska (from 66°54'N to 52°07'N latitude). Condition of winter range producing fruticose lichens (Cladina rangiferina, Cladina arbuscula, Cladina stellaris, Cetraria cucullata, Cetra- ria islandica) is of major concern. Monitoring programs have been established for vegetation, fire, reindeer and wildlife. Reindeer have overgrazed lichen resources on some Bering Sea Islands. Wildfires have had the greatest impact on lichen range depletion on the mainland. Overgrazing has been a problem in localized areas. Moose (AIces alces) and muskox (Ovibos moschatus) rarely contribute to major lichen depletion. 60-80% of the mainland and 5-30% of most island winter lichen ranges are presently estimated to be in good to excel• lent ecological condition. Procedures for assessing condition of the lichen ranges are being further refined. Keywords: Alaska, winter, pastures, lichens, population dynamics, sampling techniques Rangifer, 12 (1): 33-43 Introduction Siberian reindeer herders were originally Sheldon Jackson, General Agent of Education brought to instruct local natives in reindeer in Alaska, toured the northern coasts of Siberia husbandry and herding techniques (Brickey, and Alaska in 1890. -
Muskox Management Report Alaska Dept of Fish and Game Wildlife
Muskox Management Report of survey-inventory activities 1 July 1998–30 June 2000 Mary V. Hicks, Editor Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Wildlife Conservation December 2001 ADF&G Please note that population and harvest data in this report are estimates and may be refined at a later date. If this report is used in its entirety, please reference as: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2001. Muskox management report of survey-inventory activities 1 July 1998–30 June 2000. M.V. Hicks, editor. Juneau, Alaska. If used in part, the reference would include the author’s name, unit number, and page numbers. Authors’ names can be found at the end of each unit section. Funded in part through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Proj. 16, Grants W-27-2 and W-27-3. LOCATION 2 GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT: 18 (41,159 mi ) GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION: Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta BACKGROUND NUNIVAK ISLAND Muskoxen were once widely distributed in northern and western Alaska but were extirpated by the middle or late 1800s. In 1929, with the support of the Alaska Territorial Legislature, the US Congress initiated a program to reintroduce muskoxen in Alaska. Thirty-one muskoxen were introduced from Greenland to Nunivak Island in Unit 18 during 1935–1936, as a first step toward reintroducing this species to Alaska. The Nunivak Island population grew slowly until approximately 1958 and then began a period of rapid growth. The first hunting season was opened in 1975, and the population has since fluctuated between 400 and 750 animals, exhibiting considerable reproductive potential, even under heavy harvest regimes. -
Final Wild and Scenic River Stu8y N .. + R-E~O--L
Nf s 1-:: ~' { c" ~ 1 - final wild and scenic river stu8y N .. + R-e~o --L october 1982 ALASKA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FINAL WILD AND SCENIC RIVER REPORT FOR THE MELOZITNA RIVER, ALASKA Pursuant to Section S(a) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, Public Law 90-542, as amended, the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, has prepared a report for the Melozitna Wild and Scenic River Study. This report presents an evaluation and analysis of the Melozitna River and the finding that the river does not meet the criteria of eligibility for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. A limited number of copies are available upon request to: Regional Director Alaska Regional Office National Park Service 2525 Gambell Street, Room 107 Anchorage, Alaska 99503-2892 (907) 271-4196 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Sheet i Summary of Findings and Conclusions 1 Findings 1 Conclusions 1 Introduction 1 Purpose of Study 1 Conduct of Study 2 The Melozitna River Region 2 Location and Topography 2 Climate 4 Land Ownership 4 Land Use 6 Socioeconomic Conditions 6 Population Centers 6 Economy 7 Transportation and Access 7 The Melozitna River Study Area 8 Cultural Resources 8 Fish and Wildlife 9 Geology and Mineral Resources 10 Recreation 12 Scenic Resources 13 Stream Flow Characteristics and Water Quality 14 Water Resource Developments 16 Other Possible Actions 16 Consultation and Coordination of the Draft Report 17 Comments Received 18 Abbreviations ADF&G - Alaska Department of Fish and Game ANILCA - Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act BLM - Bureau of Land Management FWS - Fish and Wildlife Service NPS - National Park Service WSR - Wild and Scenic River F. -
What Do Caribou and Wood Bison Have in Common? by Nate Olson
Refuge Notebook • Vol. 17, No. 4 • January 23, 2015 What do caribou and wood bison have in common? by Nate Olson Residents from the village of Shageluk on the Innoko River assist ADFG and USFWS staff in constructing a holding pen as part of the wood bison reintroduction effort. 100 wood bison are scheduled to be released on the lower Innoko River in March 2015. Photo credit: Tom Seaton, ADFG. Last weekend on a drive back from Anchorage, Wood bison are native to Alaska and were plentiful whizzing by the Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center over a large portion of the state until their extirpation at 57 miles per hour my daughter pointed out a strange in the early 1900s. The reasons for their disappearance looking moose on the side of the Seward Highway. are not clearly known but probably related to overhar- “That isn’t a moose,” I explained, “that is a woodbi- vest and habitat loss. son.” Wildlife transplants are nothing new in Alaska. And why are wood bison living in pens next to The reasons for transplanting animals generally fall the Seward Highway? They are part of a reintroduc- into two categories. The first is to provide human re- tion effort by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game lated benefits such as recreational hunting, economic (ADFG) and the Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center. gain, or an additional food supply. The second is re- The fate of these wood bison has been in the news lated to species recovery in their historic range. lately as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Kodiak Island is a dramatic example of the first published a final rule in May 2014 that gives the green category. -
The Sami and the Inupiat Finding Common Grounds in a New World
The Sami and the Inupiat Finding common grounds in a new world SVF3903 Kristine Nyborg Master of Philosophy in Visual Cultural Studies Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education Department of Archaeology and Social Anthropology University of Tromsø Spring 2010 2 Thank you To all my informants for helping me make this project happen and for taking me into your lives and sharing all your wonderful thoughts. I am extremely grateful you went on this journey with me. A special warm thanks to my main informant who took me in and guided the way. This would have been impossible without you, and your great spirits and laughter filled my thoughts as I was getting through this process. To supervisor, Bjørn Arntsen, for keeping me on track and being so supportive. And making a mean cup of latte. To National Park Service for helping me with housing. A special thanks to the Center for Sami Studies Strategy Fund for financial support. 3 Abstract This thesis is about the meeting of two indigenous cultures, the Sami and the Inupiat, on the Alaskan tundra more than a hundred years ago. The Sami were brought over by the U.S. government to train the Inupiat in reindeer herding. It is about their adjustment to each other and to the rapidly modernizing world they found themselves a part of, until the term indigenous became a part of everyday speech forty years ago. During this process they gained new identities while holding on to their indigenous ones, keeping a close tie to nature along the way. -
Conflict Between Conservation and Recreation at Oulanka National Park?
Conflict between conservation and recreation at Oulanka National Park? By Mark Baas Student no.: 860206024080 Supervised by: Ramona van Marwijk René van der Duim Wageningen University and Research Centre Department of Environmental Sciences Chairgroup of Socio Spatial Analysis Msc. Leisure Tourism and Environment Course code: SAL-80433 Wageningen, 4. March 2010 Summary During the early years of Oulanka National Park (ON), trails and facilities were constructed in biodiversity rich areas. Managers in that time believed that biodiversity would give people a richer visitor experience. As this is currently questioned, research is necessary to investigate the relation between biodiversity and visitors experience. However, the dataset available did not provide sufficient data to explain these interrelations. Additionally, exploratory research was needed to investigate if there were actual indications for a potential conflict between the conservation function and the recreation function of Oulanka National Park. Therefore this research tried to explore: (1) whether there is a conflict between different functions of ONP by spatial analyzing biodiversity hotspots, facility density and visitor usage; (2) which groups of visitors can be distinguished based on their motivations for visiting ONP; (3) whether visitors and different groups of visitors perceive environmental impacts; (4) whether there is a difference in group composition and visitor perception of environmental impacts at different locations throughout the park. The spatial analysis regarding the identification of conflict zones indicated that there is indeed a conflict between conservancy and recreation at ONP. From the visitor sample, three motivational groups were distinguished. Nature was the primary motivation for all visitors. One group was less motivated by anything else than nature. -
Eskimos, Reindeer, and Land
ESKIMOS, REINDEER, AND LAND Richard O. Stern Edward L. Arobio Larry L. Naylor and Wayne C. Thomas* Bulletin 59 December 1980 *Richard O. Stern is formerly a research associate in anthropology at the Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska. Fairbanks. He is currently historian for the Alaska Department of Nat•ural Resources, Division of Forest, Land, and Water Management. Edward L. Arobio is a research associate in economics at the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Larry L. Naylor is formerly an assistant professor of anthropology at the Department of Anthropology. University of Alaska. Fairbanks. He is currently anthropology director at North Texas State University, Denron. Wayne C. Thomas is an associate professor of economics at the Agricultural Experiment Station. University of Alaska, Fairbanks. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Figures Table of Photos Table of Tables Preface Chapter I–Introduction Chapter II – Reindeer Biology and Ecology Reindeer Biology and Life Cycle Forage Requirements and Carrying Capacity Antler Growth and Function Reindeer Ecology Generalized Yearly Herding Activity Chapter III – Introduction of Reindeer Herding in Alaska General Historical Summary Conditions Prior to the Introduction of Reindeer Reindeer Introduction Early Development Chapter IV – Non–Native Ownership of Reindeer: 1914–1940 Lomen and Company Epidemics, Company Herds, and Fairs Reindeer Investigations Reindeer Act of 1937 Chapter V – Native Ownership and the Period of Reconstruction: 1940–1977 The1940s The1950s -
References to Iconic Landscapes in the Debate Surrounding the Founding of Finland’S National Parks, Circa 1880–1910
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY www.history-culture-modernity.org Published by: Uopen Journals Copyright: © The Author(s). Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence eISSN: 2213-0624 References to Iconic Landscapes in the Debate Surrounding the Founding of Finland’s National Parks, circa 1880–1910 Juho Niemelä and Esa Ruuskanen HCM 7: 741–764 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.579 Abstract This article reviews the formation of the idea of national parks in Finland between the 1880s and 1910s. It argues that both the term and the concept of national park evolved in a long-lasting deliberative pro- cess between competing definitions. The main actors in this process were geographers, forestry scientists and NGOs devoted to popular edu- cation and the promotion of tourism. As a result of the debates, iconic landscapes and species were located in Finnish nature inside the wholly artificial boundaries of the national parks. Eventually, both the science and tourism poles of the decades-long debate were incorporated into the plans and visions for Finland’s national parks in the early twentieth century. The national park debate between the 1880s and 1910s focused mainly on landscapes, land formations and vegetation zones, and not so much on the wildlife or indeed the people who lived inside these areas. Keywords: environmental history, environmental values, Finland, Lapland, national parks, nature conservation Introduction In 1938, Finland finally established its first national parks in the fells of Pallas-Yllästunturi and Pyhätunturi in Lapland; in the Heinäsaaret Islands off the north-east coast of Petsamo; and on Stora Träskö Island HCM 2019, VOL.