DOCSLIB.ORG

For All Maccabeus Scenarios Battle of Beth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
For All Maccabeus Scenarios Battle of Beth entering the defile; the Judean forces issued from surrounding ravines and high ground, ambushing the flank of" the column and routing it. The Judean forces pursued the retreating army back to its base camp, but before the fresh Judean reserve could assault the camp the Seleucid forces hastened back to the coast. This was the most serious Selucid defeat to date due to the presence of a royal viceroy with direct implications for the survivability of the throne. With the Seleucid empire wracked by discontent, Judah felt that he had gained the breathing spell he needed to move for activities when divided into indepen- Judean independence. Consequently, Lysias, the regional viceroy, personally dent commands. Therefore, all Judean he marched on Jerusalem and cleared it led a new and more serious effort to leader units may issue Line Commands of Seleucid forces, except for those in the eliminate the Judean rebels and restore without being in range of the Overall Acra which would remain a thorn in his Seleucid order. Mustering a force of Commander (Judah). side for the remainder of the rebellion. 20,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry, the Seleucid army set out for Jerusalem to Line Eligibility On the twenty fifth day of Kislev in 164 relieve the garrison in the Acra fortress All Judean units constitute a line and BC (December), Judah rededicated the overlooking the Temple complex. The may be separated by one space. Use Temple and declared Jewish religious route taken was initially along the coast Seleucid line eligibility rules from freedom. As related in the Talmud, the through friendly territory to Ashkelon, Magnesia. If you wish, you may use the story of Hanukkah relates how a small then inland through friendly Idumaen "ragged" line rules (from Consul) for quantity of oil used for the ceremony, territory to Hebron, where a major camp the Judeans, but not for the Seleucids. sufficient for one day, burned for eight was established. Judah judged that the until additional supplies could be made. relative strengths of the two sides Battle of Beth Zur This miracle was seen as direct evidence (24,000 versus 10,000) prohibited a Historical Notes: that the rebellion had the blessing of the direct assault on the camp, and once The size of Lysias' army precluded the almighty and added significant political again built a battle plan based on enveloping tactics used earlier in the strength to Judah's position. catching the Seleucid army on the march war, but Judah set up an ambush in a defile. along the Seleucid route of march Player Note: near Beth Zur (modern Hirbet Beth- As in any ambush style scenario, it isn't As the Seleucid army moved north to heiran). The battleground was a defile fun Jerusalem, they once again put their overlooked by high ground and to be the Seleucids. Unless the Lord is collective necks into the Judean noose interspersed with ravines. against the Judean player, this one will be near Beth Zur. over in two turns once the ambush is Judah, utilizing his superior Command sprung. It is intended to be a solo learning Special Rules: Control, once again divided his forces excursion on how a guerrilla attack should For all Maccabeus Scenarios into four groupings (3,000,1,000,1,000, be conducted. and 5,000 respectively) led by Judah, in Band of Brothers control of the 5,000 man reserve, and his Map: Use the Metaurus map. The river All of the Judean leader units are brothers commanding the remainder. is treated as clear terrain, and the brothers (literally!!), and they had an The Seleucids once again cooperated by streams are Wadis which act like Minor uncanny ability to coordinate their Streams except there are no cohesion effects for units in march column; once per game turn until the Judean of their small Jewish populations. Judah otherwise, all other terrain effects are units are placed on the map. Once and his brothers determined that their those stated in the Consul rules. the Judean units are placed on the legitimacy and the future of Jewish map, play reverts to the standard nationalism required a direct response Judean Player Set Up sequence of play. to these atrocities. Consequently, a All Judean units begin the game hidden series of military expeditions were on the map. See the Special rules for Maccabxan Battle Plan launched into the surrounding lands to their placement onto the map. The Judean forces are hidden in ambush rescue the besieged Jewish communites. and therefore do not begin the scenario In a series of lightning campaigns into Judah, Johanan, Jonathan, Simon on the map. Prior to any Seleucid the coastal regions and Gilead (modern movement, the Judean player may begin Jordan), thousands of Jewish refugees Maccabaean MI (1-6), Maccabaean his ambush. This is done by the Judean were rescued from local military forces LI (1-10), Maccabsean SK (1-6) player placing his forces anywhere on and escorted into Judea. Judah also the map in any level 5 or higher level determined that the Idumeans needed to Seleucid Player Set Up hex or in any Wadi hex regardless of be punished for their aid to the various All Seleucid forces begin the game off level. One Judean leader immediately Seleucid armies that had moved through map; see Special rules for their entry conducts an orders phase and the game their territory, and a punitive expedition onto the map. continues until completion with the was successfully launched to the South. normal order of activations continuing Note on Seleucid leaders: Except for after the Judean unit placement. At the height of these maneuvers, Lysias, I have no idea who the second- Antiochus IV died and appointed Phillip ary commanders were, so I will use the Retreat Edges as regent over his empire until his son, three stooges as a reasonable representa- Seleucid retreat hexes are 4236, 37,38, 39. Antiochus Eupator, came of age. Lysias, tion of the Seleucid command structure. The Judean retreat edge is the Northern who had previously been the regent, mapedge. launched an effort to maintain his power Lysias, Nicanor, Ptolemy, Gorgias over the throne by maintaining his Seleucid PH (1-10), Tarentines LC (1-2), Victory Conditions control over the young king at Antioch. Galatian LC (1-5), Lydia SK (1-3), The Judean player wins by routing Exploiting this instability, Judah deter- Crete SK (1), Arab LI (1-6) [represents the Seleucid Forces off the map. The mined to conquer the Acra and the last Idumaens] Seleucid player wins by routing the vestige of Seleucid power in Judea. His Judean Army OR by exiting more than assault on the fortress in 162 BC failed Special Rules 25% of his army's TQ value (33 TQ pts) and he continued the siege, but the March To Jerusalem off the the map through hexes 2200, 01, garrison was able to get messages to The Seleucid forces are on the march to 02, 03. Lysias, who decided to attempt another Jerusalem to relieve their garrison in the expedition to destroy the fledgling Acra. Basically, the Seleucid forces will Army Rout Levels nation. Lysias gambled that Phillip be in single file, front to rear orientation The Judean Army Rout Level is 81, would not descend on Antioch before he with no breaks in the line until the whereas the Seleucid Army Rout could complete his operation and he set off with young Antiochus V Eupator in ambush is sprung. The only real choice Level is 46. tow. the Seleucids have is the order of the units and leaders in the march column. An interesting historical note is that after Antiochus III was defeated at The Seleucids enter from hexes 4236, 37, Magnesia (See War Elephant module), 38, 39 and are moving to exit the map at hexes 2200, 01, 02, 03, 04. They must the Seleucids were forbidden from using pass through hexes 3106 or 3107 in the war elephants. Technically they process. Additionally, no Seleucid unit renounced their use but, when you have may enter a level 6 or higher hex prior a Roman sword at your neck, you tend to the Judean force deployment on the to go with the flow. Anyway, Lysias map. The Seleucid player has 30 turns gambled that the Romans wouldn't care to get his entire army exited off the map. enough to do anything serious, while This restriction is lifted once the Judean the tuskers might be the edge the player deploys his units on the map, in Seleucids needed to put down the rebellion once and for all. Lysias, on the which case they must exit the map whenever they can prior to the Seleucid other hand, really wasn't fooling around army routing. Battle of Beth-Zechariah this time. How do we know? He took Historical Note: the ancient equivalent of the kitchen While the Seleucid army is in march The emergence of Jewish nationalism sink, yes, you guessed it, Chariots. column, there are no Orders Phases. caused the surrounding Hellenistic Each Seleucid unit/leader may move regions to conduct a series of massacres This time Judah made his first military army properly deployed Crete SK (1-4), Arab LI (1-10), in its element. Seeing that Argyraspides HI (1-8), the day was going against Elephants (Indian 1-6), Chariots (1-3) him, Judah withdrew in good order to fight Note: It is important that you use the another day. units with the numbers indicated. The SK units, such as the Cretans, have Lysias took advantage of varying ratings and the ones indicated his victory by relieving are the ones to be used.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE BOOK of DANIEL and the "MACCABEAN THESIS" up Until
    Andrews University Seminary Studies, Summer 1983, Vol. 21, No. 2, 129-141. Copyright @ 1983 by Andrews University Press. THE BOOK OF DANIEL AND THE "MACCABEAN THESIS" ARTHUR J. FERCH Avondale College Cooranbong, N. S. W. 2265 Australia Up until about a century ago, the claims laid out in the book of Daniel as to its authorship, origin, etc., during the sixth century B.C. were quite generally accepted. However, since 1890, according to Klaus Koch, this exilic theory has been seriously challenged-so much so, in fact, that today it represents only a minority view among Daniel scho1ars.l The majority hold a view akin to that of Porphyry, the third-century Neoplatonist enemy of Christianity, that the book of Daniel was composed (if not entirely, at least substantially) in the second century B.C. during the religious per- secution of the Jews by the Seleucid monarch Antiochus IV Epiphanes.2 The book is considered to have arisen in conjunction with, or in support of, the Jewish resistance to Antiochus led by Judas Maccabeus and his brothers. Thus, according to this view, designated as the "Maccabean the~is,"~the book of Daniel was composed (at least in part) and/or edited in the second century by an unknown author or authors who posed as a sixth-century statesman-prophet named Daniel and who pretended to offer genuinely inspired predictions (uaticinia ante eventu) which in reality were no more than historical narratives 'This article is based on a section of a paper presented in 1982 to the Daniel and Revelation Committee of the Biblical Research Institute (General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Washington, D.C.).
    [Show full text]
  • Elephant Poaching &Amp
    Ecological Economics 120 (2015) 312–337 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolecon Surveys Elephant poaching & ivory trafficking problems in Sub-Saharan Africa: An application of O'Hara's principles of political economy Andrew John Brennan a,⁎, Jaslin Kaur Kalsi b a Economics Department, Curtin University. Senior Research Fellow, Global Political Economy Research Unit, Australia b Research Associate, Global Political Economy Research Unit, Australia article info abstract Article history: This paper examines the complex social problem of African elephant decimation using a political economy Received 28 November 2013 approach. This paper applies five principles of O'Hara's political economy (POPE): historical specificity; circular Received in revised form 27 July 2015 and cumulative causation; uneven development; heterogeneous agents; and contradiction. POPE provides a Accepted 18 August 2015 practical tool for scrutinising the interdependent aspects of a problem. The culture of conspicuous consumption Available online 18 November 2015 for ivory is a key historical driver of demand. Yet a core, integrated factor that helps explain the current crisis Keywords: relates to the principle of uneven development. The role of uneven development can be indirect, through lack fl Elephant poaching and ivory trafficking of human development causing high crime and corruption rates, weak policy frameworks and con icts in land Sub-Saharan Africa ownership. Further, heterogeneity of agents adds to the complexity of the networks engaged in the decimation Political economy of elephants. Linked to the poaching–trafficking circuit of heterogeneous agents, this paper identifies two specific O'Hara's principles elephant contradictions between the market forces of durable fixed capital and environment-elephant capital.
    [Show full text]
  • VU Research Portal
    VU Research Portal The impact of empire on market prices in Babylon Pirngruber, R. 2012 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Pirngruber, R. (2012). The impact of empire on market prices in Babylon: in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 - 140 B.C. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 THE IMPACT OF EMPIRE ON MARKET PRICES IN BABYLON in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 – 140 B.C. R. Pirngruber VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT THE IMPACT OF EMPIRE ON MARKET PRICES IN BABYLON in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 – 140 B.C. ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel and Judah: 18. Temple Interior and Dedication
    Associates for Scriptural Knowledge • P.O. Box 25000, Portland, OR 97298-0990 USA © ASK, March 2019 • All rights reserved • Number 3/19 Telephone: 503 292 4352 • Internet: www.askelm.com • E-Mail: [email protected] How the Siege of Titus Locates the Temple Mount in the City of David by Marilyn Sams, July 2016 Formatted and annotated by David Sielaff, March 2019 This detailed research paper by independent author Marilyn Sams is one of several to follow her 2015 book, The Jerusalem Temple Mount Myth. Her book was inspired by a desire to prove (or disprove) Dr. Ernest Martin’s research in The Temples That Jerusalem Forgot. Ms. Sams wrote a second book in 2017, The Jerusalem Temple Mount: A Compendium of Ancient Descriptions expanding the argument in her first book, itemizing and analyzing 375 ancient descriptions of the Temple, Fort Antonia, and environs, all confirming a Gihon location for God’s Temples.1 Her books and articles greatly advance Dr. Martin’s arguments. David Sielaff, ASK Editor Marilyn Sams: The siege of Titus has been the subject of many books and papers, but always from the false perspective of the Jerusalem Temple Mount’s misidentification.2 The purpose of this paper is to illuminate additional aspects of the siege, in order to show how they cannot reasonably be applied to the current models of the temple and Fort Antonia, but can when the “Temple Mount” is identified as Fort Antonia. Conflicts Between the Rebellious Leaders Prior to the Siege of Titus A clarification of the definition of “Acra” is crucial to understanding the conflicts between John of Gischala and Simon of Giora, two of the rebellious [Jewish] faction leaders, who divided parts of Jerusalem 1 Her second book shows the impossibility of the so-called “Temple Mount” and demonstrate the necessity of a Gihon site of the Temples.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maccabees (Hasmoneans)
    The Maccabees Page 1 The Maccabees (Hasmoneans) HASMONEANS hazʹme-nēʹenz [Gk Asamomaios; Heb ḥašmônay]. In the broader sense the term Hasmonean refers to the whole “Maccabean” family. According to Josephus (Ant. xii.6.1 [265]), Mattathias, the first of the family to revolt against Antiochus IV’s demands, was the great-grandson of Hashman. This name may have derived from the Heb ḥašmān, perhaps meaning “fruitfulness,” “wealthy.” Hashman was a priest of the family of Joarib (cf. 1 Macc. 2:1; 1 Ch. 24:7). The narrower sense of the term Hasmonean has reference to the time of Israel’s independence beginning with Simon, Mattathias’s last surviving son, who in 142 B.C. gained independence from the Syrian control, and ending with Simon’s great-grandson Hyrcanus II, who submitted to the Roman general Pompey in 63 B.C. Remnants of the Hasmoneans continued until A.D. 100. I. Revolt of the Maccabees The Hasmonean name does not occur in the books of Maccabees, but appears in Josephus several times (Ant. xi.4.8 [111]; xii.6.1 [265]; xiv.16.4 [490f]; xv.11.4 [403]; xvi.7.1 [187]; xvii.7.3 [162]; xx.8.11 [190]; 10.3 [238]; 10.5 [247, 249]; BJ i.7 [19]; 1.3 [36]; Vita 1 [2, 4]) and once in the Mishnah (Middoth i.6). These references include the whole Maccabean family beginning with Mattathias. In 166 B.C. Mattathias, the aged priest in Modein, refused to obey the order of Antiochus IV’s envoy to sacrifice to the heathen gods, and instead slew the envoy and a Jew who was about to comply.
    [Show full text]
  • Mighty War Elephants the Toy Soldier Museum’S James H
    FEATURE Mighty War Elephants The Toy Soldier Museum’s James H. Hillestad traces the history of ponderous and powerful pachyderms in warfare while providing a peek at some awe-inspiring AeroArt portrayals of the mammoth beasts in miniature Text: James H. Hillestad Photos: Tor Johnson and James H. Hillestad t is believed that the first military probably among the first confrontations savannah cousins, about the size of the application of elephants dates from Europeans ever had with war elephants. Asian elephant. The African savannah I around 1100 B.C. in India. As weapons of warfare, elephants elephant proved to be too difficult to From Asia, the use of war elephants were used mainly in charges. A charging tame for military purposes, so it was migrated to the Persian Empire, elephant was formidable in combat, never widely used. where they were used in a number reaching speeds of up to 20 mph and, War elephants were exclusively of campaigns. The Persians’ Battle of unlike horse cavalry, not easily stopped male. Faster and more aggressive than Gaugamela (331 B.C.), fought against by an infantry line equipped with spears. females, they were also taller, heavier Greece’s Alexander the Great, was The elephant’s power was based on and stronger -- and most importantly, pure brute force. It would crash into an the long tusks of the males were enemy line, trampling men with feet 19 decisive in battle. Further, it was found inches in diameter and swinging mighty that female elephants do not have the tusks up to 10 feet long. Cavalry was not temperament for fighting and so they safe either because horses, unaccustomed were rarely used in battle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ivory King "
    NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH LIBRARIES 3 3333 08575 3305 u THE CENTRAL CHILDREN* S ROOM DON : CENTER 20 WES :et , NEW YORK, N.Y. 10019 THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY ASTOR, LF.NOX *"0 TILDt-N FoLKJD-.TIO.iS. C L. M 1|B| ». - A tiger's attack. By permission Illus. rated London News- Frontispiece. MARVELS OF ANIMAL LIFE SERIES. THE IVORY KING " A POPULAR HISTORY OF THE ELEPHANT AND ITS ALLIES BY CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER ' FELLOW OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ETC. ; AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTS OF ZOOLOGY," " MARVELS OF ANIMAL LIFE," ETC. ILLUSTRATED: NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1902 TH-E NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY > . f>fiff A8TOB, LFNOX AWO THlOEN n-M i rtc» ! S. C ». Copyright, 1886, 1888, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. Press op Berwick & Smith, Boston, U.S.A. C5^ X TO MY MOTHER STfjts Folume IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED- /> PREFACE. rTIHE elephant is the true king of beasts, the largest and most -*- powerful of existing land animals, and to young and old a never ceasing source of wonder and interest. In former geological ages, it roamed the continental areas of every zone ; was found in nearly every section of North America, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, and from New England to California. Where the hum of great cities is now heard, in by- gone days the trumpeting of the mastodon and elephant, and the cries of other strange animals, broke the stillness of the vast primeval forest. But they have all passed away, their extirpation undoubtedly hastened by the early man, the abori- ginal hunter ; and the mighty race of elephants, which now remains so isolated, is to-day represented by only two species, the African and the Asiatic, forms which are also doomed.
    [Show full text]
  • Hasmonean” Family Tree
    THE “HASMONEAN” FAMILY TREE Hasmoneus │ Simeon │ John │ Mattathias ┌──────────────┬─────────────────────┼─────────────────┬─────────┐ John Simon Judas Maccabee Eleazar Jonathan Murdered: Murdered: KIA: KIA: Murdered: 160/159 BC 134 BC 160 BC 162 BC 143 BC ┌────────┬────┴────┐ Judas John Hyrcanus Murdered: Murdered: Died: 134 BC 135 BC 104 BC ├──────────────────────┬─────────────┐ Aristobulus ═ Salome Alexander Antigonus Alexander ═══════ Salome Alexander Declared Himself “King”: Murdered: Declared “King”: Declared “Regent”: 104 BC 103 BC 103 BC 76 BC Died: Died: 103 BC 76 BC ┌──────┴──────┐ Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Declared High Priest: 76 BC 1 THE “HASMONEAN” DYNASTY OF SIMON THE HIGH PRIEST 142 BC Simon, the last of the sons of Mattathias, was declared High Priest & “Ethnarch” (ruler of one’s own ethnic group) of the Jews by Demetrius II, King of the Seleucid Empire. 138 BC After Demetrius II was captured by the Parthians, his brother, Antiochus VII, affirmed Simon’s High Priesthood & requested assistance in dealing with Trypho, a usurper of the Seleucid throne. “King Antiochus to Simon the high priest and ethnarch and to the nation of the Jews, greetings. “Whereas certain scoundrels have gained control of the kingdom of our ancestors, and I intend to lay claim to the kingdom so that I may restore it as it formerly was, and have recruited a host of mercenary troops and have equipped warships, and intend to make a landing in the country so that I may proceed against those who have destroyed our country and those who have devastated many cities in my kingdom, now therefore I confirm to you all the tax remissions that the kings before me have granted you, and a release from all the other payments from which they have released you.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Maccabees Reconsidered,“ ZNW 51 (1960) 10–30
    21-2Mc-NETS-4.qxd 11/10/2009 10:31 PM Page 503 2 MAKKABEES TO THE READER EDITION OF THE GREEK TEXT The Greek text used as the basis of the present translation is R. Hanhart’s Göttingen edition, Maccabaeo- rum libri I-IV, 2: Maccabaeorum liber II, copiis usus quas reliquit Werner Kappler edidit Robert Hanhart (Septu- aginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum Auctoritate Societatis Litterarum Göttingensis editum IX [Göttingen: Van- denhoeck & Ruprecht, 2nd ed., 1976 (1959)]), which forms part of the Göttingen Septuagint and is the standard critically established text of contemporary Septuagint scholarship. The texts provided by H. B. Swete, The Old Testament in Greek, According to the Septuagint (vol. 3; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912), A. Rahlfs, Septuaginta. Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes (9th ed.; Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1935) and F.-M. Abel, Les livres des Maccabées (Etudes Bibliques; Paris: J. Gabalda, 1949) were also consulted. It was not always possible to follow the text reconstructed by Hanhart. Wherever the present transla- tor’s textual-critical decisions differ from those of Hanhart, this has been indicated in the footnotes. Some of the considerations that necessitated such decisions are laid out in the next section. THE NETS TRANSLATION OF 2 MAKKABEES The Text of 2 Makkabees Any critical edition of 2 Makkabees relies mainly on two famous Greek uncial manuscripts: the Codex Alexandrinus (fifth century) and the Codex Venetus (eighth century). There is also a rich tradition of Greek minuscule manuscripts, as well as manuscript witnesses to Syriac, Armenian and Latin transla- tions. There also is a Coptic fragment of some passages from 2 Makk 5–6.1 Hanhart’s edition is based mainly on Alexandrinus and on minuscules 55, 347 and 771.
    [Show full text]
  • "New Bible Translations," Scripture 4 No. 4
    102 SCRIPTURE difficulties of publication will not long delay the greatly desired works. Back numbers of SCRIPTURE. Complete sets are still a comprehensive price of 15 s. 6d. (1946 to date). Single copies each. Please apply to the Treasurer, 43 Palace Street, London It is now possible to subscribe to SCRIPTURE (6s. 6d. per: without becoming a member of the C.B.A. This facility use especially to overseas subscribers. BOOKS AND PERIODICALS RECEIVED . We acknowledge with thanks the following: Cultllra Biblica, Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Collationes Brugenses, Pax, Verbum Domini, Reunion. From Burns Oates and Washbourne: Knox translation The Gospel according to St. Matthew, The Gospel St. Mark, The Gospel according to St. Luke, The Gospel according Separately in paper covers. The Old Testament, Vo!. n. Palanque &c., The Church in the Christian Roman Empire, Vol. I. F. R. Hoare, The Gospel according to St. John. From the Catholic University of America: Heidt, Angelology of the Old Testament. From T. Nelson and Sons, Edinburgh: Harrison, The Bible in Britain. From Letouzey and Ane, Paris: Pirot-Clamer, La Sainte Bible, Tome IV (Par.-'-Job). NEW BIBLE TRANSLATIONS! HE June number of Theology contains an informing attiC: Dr. Hendry of Princeton Theological Seminary on t T translations of the Bible that are being prepared in Engla.' the United States. Each of the two versions is to be a new trans not a revision of any existing version; it will avoid all archaie and phrases (" the second person singular shall be employed q prayer "); it is to be based on what scholars consider to be th available texts, which for the Hebrew Old Testament means ...
    [Show full text]
  • Shiur Handout
    c"qa CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? 1. How many battles did the Maccabees win prior to the rededication of the Temple (Bais Hamikdash)? 2. Describe the role of the assimilated Jews in the war with the Syrians. 3. How many years had the Temple fallen into disuse before the rededication? 4. Describe the new Menorah that was used at the rededication. 5. Who was Alcimus? This and much more will be addressed in the eleventh lecture of this series: "Chanukah". To derive maximum benefit from this lecture, keep these questions in mind as you listen to the tape and read through the outline. Go back to these questions once again at the end of the lecture and see how well you answer them. PLEASE NOTE: This outline and source book was designed as a powerful tool to help you appreciate and understand the basis of Jewish History. Although the lectures can be listened to without the use of the outline, we advise you to read the outline to enhance your comprehension. Use it as well as a handy reference guide and for quick review. THE EPIC OF THE ETERNAL PEOPLE Presented by Rabbi Shmuel Irons Series I Lecture #11 CHANUKAH I. The Struggle A. When Appollonius the general of the Samaritan forces heard this he took his army, and made haste to go against Judas; who met him, and joined battle with him, and beat him, and slew many of his men, and among them Appollonius himself, their general, whose sword being that which he happened to wear, he seized upon, and kept for himself; but he wounded more than he slew, and took a great deal of prey from the enemies' camp, and went his way.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Empire: the Defender of Early First Century Christianity
    Running head: THE ROMAN EMPIRE 1 The Roman Empire: the Defender of Early First Century Christianity John Toone A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2011 THE ROMAN EMPIRE 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David A. Croteau, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Michael J. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Willie E. Honeycutt, D.Min. Committee Member ______________________________ James H. Nutter, D.A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE ROMAN EMPIRE 3 Abstract All of the events, authors, and purposes of the books in the New Testament occurred under the reign of the Roman Empire (27 B.C.—A.D. 476). Therefore, an understanding of the Roman Empire is necessary for comprehending the historical context of the New Testament. In order to fully understand the impact of the Roman Empire on the New Testament, particularly before the destruction of the Jewish Temple in A.D. 70, Rome’s effect on religion (and the religious laws that governed its practice) must be examined. Contrary to expectations, the Roman Empire emerges from this examination as the protector (not persecutor) of early Christianity. Scripture from this time period reveals a peaceful relationship between the new faith and Roman authorities. THE ROMAN EMPIRE 4 The Roman Empire: The Defender of Early First Century Christianity Any attempt to describe the life of first century Christians before A.D. 70 is ultimately tenuous without understanding the cultural background of the society in which they lived.
    [Show full text]