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Hydrogeology and Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Thick Regolith-Fractured Crystalline Rock Aquifer System of Indian Creek
Hydrogeology and Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Thick Regolith-Fractured Crystalline Rock Aquifer System of Indian Creek Basin, North Carolina AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current- year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publica tions released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may be no longer available. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey Earth Sci of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single ence Information Centers (ESIC's), all of which are authorized copies of Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtain ANCHORAGE, Alaska Rm. 101, 4230 University Dr. able by mail from LAKEWOOD, Colorado Federal Center, Bldg. -
Projet ANR ASTER Rapport De Tâche 4 Potentialité De Stocks Géologiques De Terres Rares En Europe Et Au Groenland Rapport Final
Projet ANR ASTER Rapport de Tâche 4 Potentialité de stocks géologiques de terres rares en Europe et au Groenland Rapport final BRGM/RP-64910-FR Juillet 2015 Projet ANR ASTER Rapport de Tâche 4 Potentialité de stocks géologiques de terres rares en Europe et au Groenland Rapport final BRGM/RP-64910-FR Juillet 2015 Étude réalisée dans le cadre du projet ANR-11- ECOT-002 J. Tuduri, N. Charles, D. Guyonnet, J. Melleton, O. Pourret, A. Rollat Le système de management de la qualité et de l’environnement est certifié par AFNOR selon les normes ISO 9001 et ISO 14001. Mots-clés : Terres Rares, Lithosphère, Europe continentale, Groenland, Stocks géologiques, Exploration minière. En bibliographie, ce rapport sera cité de la façon suivante : Tuduri J., Charles N., Guyonnet D., Melleton J., Pourret O., Rollat A.. (2015) – Projet ANR ASTER. Rapport de Tâche 4. Potentialité de stocks géologiques de terres rares en Europe et au Groenland. Rapport final. BRGM/RP-64910-FR, 119 p., 12 fig., 3 tabl., 4 ann. © BRGM, 2015, ce document ne peut être reproduit en totalité ou en partie sans l’autorisation expresse du BRGM. ASTER – Rapport de Tâche 4 – Potentialité de stocks géologiques de terres rares en Europe et au Groenland Synthèse e projet ASTER se place dans un contexte de risques de sécurité d’approvisionnement L de certaines terres rares, essentielles pour des écotechnologies énergétiques comme les lampes basse-consommation, les éoliennes, les batteries pour véhicules hybrides et électriques, etc. Il s’agît dans ASTER de réaliser une analyse des flux de matière (MFA) pour dresser une cartographie des flux et stocks de ces terres rares dans l’UE des 28. -
Tautra and Hoklingen, Based on a Compilation of 14C-Dates
NGU BULLETIN, RESEARCH ARTICLE Age of the Younger Dryas ice-marginal substages in Mid-Norway – Tautra and Hoklingen, based on a compilation of 14C-dates Olsen, L.1, Høgaas, F.1 and Sveian, H.1 1 Geological Survey of Norway, P.O. Box 6315 Sluppen, N-7491 Trondheim The ice-marginal Tautra and Hoklingen Substages in the Trøndelag counties, Mid-Norway, have for a long time been referred to as of early and late Younger Dryas (YD) age, respectively. The basis for this is the regional distribution and morphological correlations of the associated moraines and a number of 14C- datings, mainly of marine shells, previously presented in different papers and map-sheets. In this overview article we present a collection of all 14C-dates associated (more or less accurately) with the Tautra and Hoklingen Substages, a number of 49 and 27 respectively. Using all these dates for a first approximation constrain the Tautra Substage to the age interval 13000 – 12500 cal yr BP and the Hoklingen Substage to 12180 –11600 cal yr BP. Improved accuracy of the age intervals can be obtained by further weighing of geology and stratigraphical positions of the dates. Omitting of dates considered to be slightly too old or too young to be strictly representative, have reduced the number of representative dates for Tautra to 24 and for Hoklingen to 22. The corresponding age intervals are now 12900 – 12620 cal yr BP and 12180 – 11760 cal yr BP, for Tautra and Hoklingen respectively. The Vedde Ash Bed, with established age 12066 ± 42 cal yr BP in western Norway, and dated near Trondheim to 12055 ± 35 cal yr BP, is recorded distally to the Tautra Substage and between the Tautra and Hoklingen Substage deposits, but not closer distally than 5 km and not proximally to the latter. -
Norway and Its Marine Areas - a Brief Description of the Sea Floor
No.3 2003 IN FOCUS Norway and its marine areas - a brief description of the sea floor From the deep sea to the fjord floor Norwegian waters comprise widely differing environments - from the Bjørnøyrenna deep sea via the continental slope and continental shelf to the coastal zone with its strandflat, archipelagos and fjords.This constitutes a geologi- cal diversity that is unique in a European context. An exciting geological history lies Trænadjupet behind this diversity - a development that has taken place over more than 400 million years.The continents con- Vøringplatået sist of plates of solidified rock that float on partially molten rock, and these plates move relative to one another.Where they collide, the Earth's crust is folded and mountain chains are created.Where they drift apart, deep oceans form and new sea Storegga floor is created along rifts because molten rock (magma) streams up from below. A good example is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, including Iceland, a which is a result of Greenland and n n e Europe drifting from each other at a r e rate of about 2 cm a year. k s r o The plates on which Norway and N Greenland rest collided more than 400 million years ago and formed mountain chains on either side of a Skagerrak shallow sea. Both Greenland and Norway are remnants of worn down mountain chains. Between these mountain chains, the shallow sea Figure 1.Norway and its neighbouring seas. gradually filled with sediments derived from the erosion of the chains.These sedi- ments became transformed into sandstones, shales and limestones and it is in these rocks we now find oil and gas on the Norwegian continental shelf. -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it. -
The Terrane Concept and the Scandinavian Caledonides: a Synthesis
The terrane concept and the Scandinavian Caledonides: a synthesis DAVID ROBERTS Roberts , D. 1988: The terrane concept and the Scandinavian Caledonides: a synthesis. Nor. geol . unders . Bull. 413. 93-99. A revised terrane map is presented for the Scandinavian Caledcnldes. and an outline is given of the principal suspect and exot ic terranes and terrane-complexe s identified outboa rd from the Baltoscand ian miogeocline. The outermost part of the Baltoscandian continental margin is itself suspect , in the terrane sense. since the true palaeogeographical location s of rocks now represented in the Seve and serey-seuano Nappes, while inferred, are not known. The orogen -internal exotic terranes embrace the oceanic/eugeoclinal elements of the Caledonides, represented by the mag matosed imentary assemblages of the Koli Nappes, including ophiolite fragments and island arc products. Even more exot ic terranes occur in the highest parts of the tectonostratigraphy, inclu ding units which are thought possibly to derive from the Laurentian side of lapetus . D. Roberts. Norges geologiske uruierseketse, Postboks 3006. Lade, N-7002 Trondbeim , Norway . Introduction Project 233 has been to prepare a preliminary Earlier in this decade much of the research terrane map' at 1:5 M scale (Roberts et al. effort in the Caledonides of Scandinavia was 1986) for a larger, circum-Atlantic compilation. channelled through the highly successfu l IGCP This map, much simplified, is really one of Project 27 The Caledonide Orogen ' (Gee & palaeo-environments (marginal basins, vol Sturt 1985). An important aspect of the collabo canic arc comp lexes, overstep sequences , rative work in this project was that of map etc.), and not of terranes in the true sense. -
Compilation, References, Kimberlite, Diamond
Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6067 A Compilation of References for Kimberlite, Diamond and Related Topics 2001 ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 6067 A Compilation of References for Kimberlite, Diamond and Related Topics by R.P. Sage and T. Gareau 2001 Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Sage, R.P.and Gareau, T.2001. A compilation of references for kimberlite, diamond and related topics; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6067, 101p. e Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2001 e Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2001. Open File Reports of the Ontario Geological Survey are available for viewing at the Mines Library in Sudbury, at the Mines and Minerals Information Centre in Toronto, and at the regional Mines and Minerals office whose district includes the area covered by the report (see below). Copies can be purchased at Publication Sales and the office whose district includes the area covered by the report. Al- though a particular report may not be in stock at locations other than the Publication Sales office in Sudbury, they can generally be obtained within 3 working days. All telephone, fax, mail and e-mail orders should be directed to the Publica- tion Sales office in Sudbury. Use of VISA or MasterCard ensures the fastest possible service. Cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Minister of Finance. Mines and Minerals Information Centre (MMIC) Tel: (416) 314-3800 Macdonald Block, Room M2-17 1-800-665-4480(toll free inside Ontario) 900 Bay St. -
MENIGHETSBLAD Nr
LeksvikogStranda MENIGHETSBLAD Nr. 2 Mai 2017 59. årg. «Vi hører fugler sjunge med herlig jubellyd! Skal ikke da vår tunge lovsynge Gud med fryd? Min sjel, opphøy Guds ære med lov og gledesang! Han vil oss nådig være som før så mang en gang.» Salme nr. 763 v.3 God sommer! Neste nummer av menighetsbladet kommer ut i september. Innsendingsfrist for neste blad er 1. august. Foto: Åsmund Asphaug Prostens spalte INNHOLD 2017 er et spennende år i kirka: 2 Prostens spalte Min salme Fra 1. januar er Den norske kirke og staten skilt enda 3 Minneord 9 5 på gata litt mere lag. Det er stor politisk enighet om å skille Konfirmanter 2017 Kirkevergens lille hjørne stat og kirke, og endringen er en følge av flere Stor- 4 Nytt fra trosopplæringen 11 Fra kirkebøkene tingsvedtak, blant annet grunnlovsendringer i 2012. I praksis merker kirkemedlemmene lite eller ingenting 7 Barnas side 12 Søndag er kirkedag til endringen. Men prester, prost og biskop har fått ny 8 Diakoniens spalte arbeidsgiver, og får ikke lenger sin lønn fra staten. Vi Prost Brita Harde- er nå tilsatt av «kirken selv» ved Kirkerådet. berg leder prestetje- 2017 er jubileumsår for reformasjonen. Startpunktet nesten i Fosen prosti. regnes fra Martin Luther slo opp sine 95 teser den Fosen prosti består av kommunene Leksvik, 31. oktober 1517. Luther mente kirka misbrukte Guds MiG Tautra 2017 Rissa, Bjugn, Ørland, nåde ved sin omfattende og innbringende avlatshan- Åfjord, Roan og Osen. del. Reformasjonen førte til omfattende endringer Det er 8 prestestillin- i både kirke og samfunnsliv over hele Europa også i ger i prostiet. -
Large-Scale Rock Slope Failures in the Eastern Pyrenees: Identifying a Sparse but Significant Population in Paraglacial and Parafluvial Contexts
Large-scale rock slope failures in the eastern Pyrenees: identifying a sparse but significant population in paraglacial and parafluvial contexts David Jarman1, Marc Calvet2, Jordi Corominas3, Magali Delmas2, Yanni Gunnell4 1 Mountain Landform Research, Scotland 2 University of Perpignan, CNRS UMR 7194, France 3 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain 4 University of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5600, France ABSTRACT This first overview of large-scale rock slope failure (RSF) in the Pyrenees addresses the eastern third of the range. Around 30 principal RSFs >0.25 km2 and 20 lesser or uncertain cases have been identified from remote imagery and groundtruthing. Compared with other European mountain ranges, RSF incidence is relatively sparse, displays no obvious regional trend or spatial clustering, and occurs across diverse landscape types, if mainly on metamorphic rocks. A transition is observed from paraglacial RSFs in formerly-glaciated valleys to what are here termed ‘parafluvial’ RSFs, within wholly or mainly fluvial valleys but where slope failure is not directly provoked by or linked to river erosion. RSFs are particularly found in three topographic settings: (i) at cirque and trough-head thresholds (transition zones of elevated instability between cirque and main glaciated trough walls); (ii) near the upper or outer periphery of the ice field, where glacial adaptation of fluvial valleys is incomplete; and (iii) in fluvial valleys beyond glacial limits where incision is locally intense. RSF is absent from the range divide, from within cirques, and from most main valleys. In the montane areas, RSF is strongly associated with vestiges of preglacial summit surfaces, confirming that plateau ridges are less stable than sharpened crests and horns. -
The Håkåneset Rockslide, Tinnsjø
The Håkåneset rockslide, Tinnsjø Stability analysis of a potentially rock slope instability. Inger Lise Sollie Geotechnology Submission date: June 2014 Supervisor: Bjørn Nilsen, IGB Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering I II ABSTRACT The Håkåneset rockslide is located on the west shore of Lake Tinnsjø (191 m.a.s.l), a fjordlake stretching 32 km with a SSE-NNW orientation in Telemark, southern Norway. The instability extends from 550 m.a.s.l. and down to approximately 300 m depth in the lake, making up a surface area of 0.54 km2 under water and 0.50 km2 on land. The rockslide comprises an anisotropic metavolcanic rock that is strongly fractured. Five discontinuity sets are identified with systematic field mapping supported by structural analysis of terrestrial laser scan (TLS) data. These are interpreted as gravitationally reactivated inherited tectonic structures. At the northern end the instability is limited by a steep south-east dipping joint (JF3 (~133/77)) that is one direction of a conjugate strike slip fault set (JF3, JF2 (~358/65)). Towards the south the limit to the stable bedrock is transitional. A back scarp is defined by a north-east dipping J1 (~074/59) surface that is mapped out at 550 m.a.s.l. Kinematic analysis indicates that planar sliding, wedge sliding and toppling are feasible. However, because the joint sets are steeply dipping these failure mechanisms can only occur for small rock volumes and are limited to steep slope sections only. Large scale rock slope deformation can only be justified by assuming deformation along a combination of several anisotropies. -
WEST NORWEGIAN FJORDS UNESCO World Heritage
GEOLOGICAL GUIDES 3 - 2014 RESEARCH WEST NORWEGIAN FJORDS UNESCO World Heritage. Guide to geological excursion from Nærøyfjord to Geirangerfjord By: Inge Aarseth, Atle Nesje and Ola Fredin 2 ‐ West Norwegian Fjords GEOLOGIAL SOCIETY OF NORWAY—GEOLOGICAL GUIDE S 2014‐3 © Geological Society of Norway (NGF) , 2014 ISBN: 978‐82‐92‐39491‐5 NGF Geological guides Editorial committee: Tom Heldal, NGU Ole Lutro, NGU Hans Arne Nakrem, NHM Atle Nesje, UiB Editor: Ann Mari Husås, NGF Front cover illustrations: Atle Nesje View of the outer part of the Nærøyfjord from Bakkanosi mountain (1398m asl.) just above the village Bakka. The picture shows the contrast between the preglacial mountain plateau and the deep intersected fjord. Levels geological guides: The geological guides from NGF, is divided in three leves. Level 1—Schools and the public Level 2—Students Level 3—Research and professional geologists This is a level 3 guide. Published by: Norsk Geologisk Forening c/o Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse N‐7491 Trondheim, Norway E‐mail: [email protected] www.geologi.no GEOLOGICALSOCIETY OF NORWAY —GEOLOGICAL GUIDES 2014‐3 West Norwegian Fjords‐ 3 WEST NORWEGIAN FJORDS: UNESCO World Heritage GUIDE TO GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION FROM NÆRØYFJORD TO GEIRANGERFJORD By Inge Aarseth, University of Bergen Atle Nesje, University of Bergen and Bjerkenes Research Centre, Bergen Ola Fredin, Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim Abstract Acknowledgements Brian Robins has corrected parts of the text and Eva In addition to magnificent scenery, fjords may display a Bjørseth has assisted in making the final version of the wide variety of geological subjects such as bedrock geol‐ figures . We also thank several colleagues for inputs from ogy, geomorphology, glacial geology, glaciology and sedi‐ their special fields: Haakon Fossen, Jan Mangerud, Eiliv mentology. -
Meldalsgrensene for 500 År Sidan
Meldalsgrensene for 500 år sidan Denne artikkelen skulle trykkjast i Årbok for Meldal historielag 2020, men ved ein feil kom berre første helvta med – og til overmål ein tidlegare versjon av teksten. Her er artikkelen slik han var meint å vera. I 15 ! var erkebisko" #lav Engelbrektsson "å visitas i %eldalen. Eit oversyn over sokne& grensene hadde kome bort, så erkebis"en tok vitnemål frå fem truverdige karar om kvar grensa gjekk. Denne hendinga fortel ein del om korleis samfunnet fungerte den gongen. På slu(en av mellomalderen vart det viktigare å ha ting skri)leg, og derfor vende bygdefolket seg til den fremste i landet – for den dansk&norske kongen heldt mest til i Danmark – for å få han til å stadfeste grensene. De(e vart dokumentert i ein tekst som vi kjenner frå seinare avskri)er. Den overleverte teksten I samband med vitnehøyringa vart det truleg se( o"" eit o*sielt dokument, for innleiinga er ty"isk for kunngjeringar frå den tida. +amstundes vart saka ført inn i kyrkjeboka. ,i kjenner teksten frå ei avskri) som sorenskrivar Peder -ruelssen eller skrivaren hans fekk gjort ikring 1./0, og som i sin tur er ei avskri) av grensene som 1den forrige soren& skriveren, +øvren 2laas, haver uddragen av %eldalens kjerkebog». +øren 2laas var soren& skrivar i #rkdalen tidleg "å 1.00&talet, medan Peder -ruelssen sat i 1. 0&åra fram til han vart avse( i 1.// e(er klagar frå allmugen. %eldalingane sa naturlegvis fram stadnamna "å det lokale talemålet si(. +å vart namna skrivne ned "å det danske skri)s"råket som var i bruk i Noreg "å 15 0&talet.