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Keesing's World News Archives Keesing's World News Archives http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp... Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 30, May, 1984 Lebanon, Page 32888 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Summary and key dates Release of Lt. Goodman (Jan. 3, 1984). Death of Maj. Haddad (Jan. 14). Attacks on Israeli forces in south Lebanon and Israeli response (December 1983 to March 1984). Reinstatement of Druse soldiers in Lebanese Army (Jan. 26). Capture of west Beirut by Amal and Druse forces (February). Resignation of Wazzan Cabinet (Feb. 5). Withdrawal of multinational force (February and March). Abrogation of troop withdrawal accord with Israel (March 5). National reconciliation talks in Lausanne (March 12–20). Announcement of “buffer zone” proposal for Beirut (April 9). Following the adjournment of the national reconciliation talks in Switzerland in November 1983 [see 32645 A], a combined offensive by the Shia Amal and Druse Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) militias succeeded in driving Lebanese government forces out of predominantly Moslem west Beirut at the beginning of February 1984. The Cabinet of Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan resigned on Feb. 5, and all four contingents of the multinational peacekeeping force were withdrawn from Lebanon by the end of March. security developments in December 1983 A car bomb explosion partially demolished a block of flats in the Shia quarter of southern Beirut on Dec. 5, 1983, killing 14 people and wounding over 80. Eight United States Marines were killed on the same day when the bunker in which they were sheltering took a direct hit from a mortar round fired by unidentified assailants. In a telephone call to the Agence France-Presse news agency, a man claimed responsibility for the attack on the flats, which he described as a “barbecue operation”, on behalf of the “Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners”, a militant Christian group which had previously claimed attacks on Moslem and Palestinian targets. The Foreign Ministers of the four nations whose contingents together made up the multinational force (i. e. France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the USA), at a meeting in Brussels (Belgium) on Dec. 8, agreed that each contingent should be empowered to retaliate in self-defence, and reiterated their intention of maintaining the force in Lebanon (although Signor Giulio Andreotti, the Italian Foreign Minister, announced that his country's contingent would be reduced by stages to 1,100 personnel). On the same day the US Defence Department announced that 300 Marines had been redeployed to ships offshore in an attempt to reduce their vulnerability, while Marines also launched a tank assault to destroy a fortified position from which they claimed they had been under fire. After Syrian anti-aircraft units in central Lebanon had opened fire on US F-14 reconnaissance aircraft, the battleship New Jersey on Dec. 14 shelled Syrian positions 15 miles east of Beirut. Over 80 16-inch shells were fired in the action, which was described by a US spokesman as being “in defence of tactical reconnaissance missions”. The following day, US ships shelled positions held by the Druse and Amal militias, while two French soldiers were killed and others wounded in a clash near their headquarters. President Reagan issued a report to the US Congress on Dec. 14 in which he defended the presence of US Marines in Lebanon and claimed that “the international credibility of the USA and its partners” was at stake 1 of 6 11/30/2010 14:35 Keesing's World News Archives http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp... there. The report, which had been prepared by Mr. George Shultz, Secretary of State, and Mr. Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Defence, warned that any “premature withdrawal” by the Marines would ‘call into question the resolve of the West to help the Free World defend itself ‘. The report was issued to comply with a clause in a congressional resolution on the multinational force passed in September which had inter alia called for regular presidential statements on the situation [see page 32534]. A congressional report published on Dec. 20 on the bomb attack on the US Marine headquarters in October [see pages 32646-47] concluded that “very serious errors of judgment” had resulted in a failure to take measures to prevent such an attack. In particular, the report condemned the ineffectiveness of barrier devices erected around the headquarters perimeter, and it also criticized Gen. Paul X Kelley, the Marine Corps commandant, for giving “inaccurate, erroneous and misleading” evidence on the bombing to the House of Representatives armed services committee in November. The US Defence Department's official report on the bombing, issued on Dec. 28, also criticized a lack of preparedness at the base, and added that there was “an urgent need for a reassessment of alternative means to achieve US objectives in Lebanon”. Mr. Donald Rumsfeld, the US special presidential envoy in the Middle East, met with Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam, the Syrian Foreign Minister, in Damascus on Dec. 14 for talks on the continuing clashes between the two countries (which had led on Dec. 4 to the shooting down of two US reconnaissance aircraft-see page 32648). Mr. Rumsfeld travelled on to Israel for discussions with Mr. Itzhak Shamir, the Israeli Prime Minister, and Mr. David Kimche, director-general of the Foreign Ministry. President Amin Gemayel of Lebanon made a two-day visit to London on Dec. 14–15, during which he met Mrs Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister, and appealed against any “premature withdrawal” of the British contingent of the multinational force. In implementation of an undertaking given on Dec. 4 by the Druse leader Mr. Walid Jumblatt [ibid], Druse units on Dec. 15 permitted the evacuation of 2,500 Christians from the village of Deir el-Qamar, which had been surrounded by Druse forces since September 1983. The evacuees, including several hundred Phalangist militiamen, were transported in Israeli Army trucks to Christian-controlled areas south of the Israeli defensive line along the Awali river. After talks in Damascus with representatives of the PSP, Amal, the Lebanese Forces (i. e. the Christian Phalangist militia) and the Lebanese Army, Mr. Khaddam announced on Dec. 16 that in order to “facilitate the national dialogue”, an agreement had been reached to reopen Beirut airport (which had been closed due to shelling since Dec. 1 and to spare population centres and public utilities from further fighting. One French soldier was killed and 14 wounded when explosives were detonated outside the French base on Dec. 21, and a smaller bomb also caused damage, but no casualties, at a hotel frequented by US Marines. Responsibility for the attacks was claimed by AL Jihad al-Islami (“Islamic Holy War”—the organization which had claimed the attacks on the US and French headquarters in October). Violent clashes broke out in southern Beirut on Dec. 24 when the Army attempted to take control of three positions vacated by French troops near the Chatila refugee camp. After three days of fighting, Amal, with Druse artillery support, forced the Army units to withdraw, and a ceasefire was declared on Dec. 28 after a meeting of the security committee (established in September-see page 32535). An earlier scheduled meeting of the committee had been postponed after the Amal representative refused to attend as a protest against the government's refusal to lift press censorship. Release of Lt. Goodman 2 of 6 11/30/2010 14:35 Keesing's World News Archives http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp... Lt. Robert Goodman, a (black) US pilot captured by Syrian troops after his reconnaissance aircraft was shot down over Lebanon on Dec. 4 [see page 32648], was released on Jan. 3, 1984, after talks between Syrian leaders and the Rev. Jesse Jackson, the US black rights activist who was currently seeking the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election. After his arrival in Syria on Dec. 30, the Rev. Jackson had held talks with President Assad on Jan. 2 and Mr. Khaddam on Jan. 3, following which the Syrian Foreign Ministry announced that Lt. Goodman was being released “in order to facilitate the withdrawal of American troops from Lebanon”. Acknowledging the Rev. Jackson's role in the operation, President Reagan expressed “gratitude and admiration” for his “personal mission of mercy”. President Reagan also stated that the USA “bore no hostility to Syria”, and added that he had written to President Assad and expressed his willingness to hold a summit meeting with him. Death and replacement of Maj. Haddad Maj. Saad Haddad, commander of the Israeli-backed “Free Lebanon” militia (usually known as the “Haddad militia”), which had controlled a largely Christian semi-autonomous enclave centred on Marjayoun since 1979 [see pages 30917; 32163], died of cancer on Jan. 14. Born in 1936, Maj. Haddad had been drafted into the Lebanese Army in the late 1950s, and had received training in France and the United States. He was wounded in a skirmish with Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) guerrillas in 1968. During the civil war of 1975–76, Maj. Haddad was commander of the Army in southern Lebanon. In the wake of the Israeli invasion in 1978 [see 29464 A], he established control of a nine-mile strip of territory along the Israeli border, and the following year, with Israeli backing, proclaimed the “Free Republic of Lebanon”. Expelled from the Army, he led his soldiers in clashes with both the PLO and the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). After the Israeli invasion of 1982, he further extended the area under his control [see page 32163]. Aware that he was dying, the Lebanese government reinstated him in the Army with full rights on Jan.
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