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Malcolm X and United States Policies Towards Africa: a Qualitative Analysis of His Black Nationalism and Peace Through Power and Coercion Paradigms
Malcolm X and United States Policies towards Africa: A Qualitative Analysis of His Black Nationalism and Peace through Power and Coercion Paradigms by Abdul Karim Bangura, Ph.D. [email protected] Researcher-in-Residence, Abrahamic Connections and Islamic Peace Studies at the Center for Global Peace, American University; Director, The African Institution; Professor, Research Methodology and Political Science; Coordinator, National Conference on Undergraduate Research initiative at Howard University, Washington, DC; External Reader of Research Methodology at the Plekhanov Russian University, Moscow; Inaugural Peace Professor for the International Summer School in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Peshawar in Pakistan; and International Director and Advisor to the Centro Cultural Guanin in Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Republic. The author is also the author of more than 75 books and more than 600 scholarly articles. The winner of more than 50 prestigious scholarly and community service awards, among Bangura’s most recent awards are the Cecil B. Curry Book Award for his African Mathematics: From Bones to Computers; the Diopian Institute for Scholarly Advancement’s Miriam Ma’at Ka Re Award for his article titled “Domesticating Mathematics in the African Mother Tongue” published in The Journal of Pan African Studies (now Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies); the Special United States Congressional Award for “outstanding and invaluable service to the international community;” the International Center for Ethno- Religious Mediation’s Award for his scholarly work on ethnic and religious conflict resolution and peacebuilding, and promotion of peace and conflict resolution in conflict areas; and the Moscow Government Department of Multicultural Policy and Intergrational Cooperation Award for the scientific and practical nature of his work on peaceful interethnic and interreligious relations. -
Flemming, Arthur S.: Papers, 1939-1996
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS FLEMMING, ARTHUR S.: PAPERS, 1939-1996 Accession: 86-18, 97-7, 97-7/1, 99-3 Processed by: DES Date Completed: 2005 On October 23, 1985 Arthur S. Flemming executed an instrument of gift for these papers. Linear feet: 128.8 Approximate number of pages: 254,400 Approximate number of items: Unknown Literary rights in the unpublished papers of Arthur S. Flemming have been transferred to the people of the United States. By agreement with the donor the following classes of documents will be withheld from research use: 1. Papers and other historical material the disclosure of which would constitute an invasion of personal privacy or a libel of a living person. 2. Papers and other historical materials that are specifically authorized under criteria established by statute or Executive Order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy, and are in fact properly classified pursuant to such statute or Executive Order. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The Papers of Arthur S. Flemming were deposited with the Eisenhower Library in two major accessions. The first and largest accession arrived in 1986 and contained materials from Flemming’s early civil service career through the mid-1970s. The second accession arrived in late 1996. It more or less takes up where the first accession leaves off but there are a couple exceptions that must be noted. The second accession contains a few files from the early 1960s, which were probably held back at the time of the first shipment because they were still relevant to Flemming’s activities at the time, namely files related to aging. -
AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records 88 Linear Feet (88 SB) 1970-2001, Bulk 1972-2000
Walter P. Reuther Library Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs Wayne State University Archives AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records 88 linear feet (88 SB) 1970-2001, bulk 1972-2000 Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Finding aid written by Johanna Russ on August 23, 2011. Accession Number: LR001989 Creator: AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer Acquisition: The AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records were first deposited at the Walter P. Reuther Library at the beginning of William Lucy’s tenure as secretary-treasurer in 1972. Subsequent deposits have occurred throughout Mr. Lucy’s tenure until shortly after his retirement in 2010. Secretary-Treasurer Office Records for Lee Saunders, Mr. Lucy’s successor, will be deposited at the Walter P. Reuther Library as well. Language: Material mostly in English with some foreign languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Japanese, represented. Access: Records are open for research. Items in vault are available at the discretion of the archives. Use: Refer to the Walter P. Reuther Library Rules for Use of Archival Materials. Notes: Citation style: “AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records, Box [#], Folder [#], Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University” Copies: Materials in Series V: Public Services International (PSI) likely also exist in the PSI Archives in Bonn, Germany. Materials related to the AFL-CIO are possibly duplicated at the George Meany Archives in Silver Spring, Maryland. Other Access Aids: Many of the photos found in Series VI have been scanned and uploaded the AFSCME image gallery: http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/image/tid/25. -
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States
PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES i VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 ii VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 iii VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 Published by the Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 iv VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 Foreword During the second half of 1994, America continued to move forward to help strengthen the American Dream of prosperity here at home and help spread peace and democracy around the world. The American people saw the rewards that grew out of our efforts in the first 18 months of my Administration. Economic growth increased in strength, and the number of new jobs created during my Administration rose to 4.7 million. After 6 years of delay, the American people had a Crime Bill, which will put 100,000 police officers on our streets and take 19 deadly assault weapons off the street. We saw our National Service initiative become a reality as I swore in the first 20,000 AmeriCorps members, giving them the opportunity to serve their country and to earn money for their education. -
2020 Tournament Distributed Packet
Loomis Chaffee Debate Tournament – Resolution & Information packet Jan. 2020 Resolved, that the United States should adopt a program of reparations to redress the harms caused by historic, systemic racist policies, including slavery. Redress = to remedy or compensate for a wrong or grievence From the International Center for Transitional Justice Website “Overview of Reparations” Reparations serve to acknowledge the legal obligation of a state, or individual(s) or group, to repair the consequences of violations — either because it directly committed them or it failed to prevent them. They also express to victims and society more generally that the state is committed to addressing the root causes of past violations and ensuring they do not happen again. With their material and symbolic benefits, reparations are important to victims because they are often seen as the most direct and meaningful way of receiving justice. Yet, they are often the last-implemented and least-funded measure of transitional justice. It is important to remember that financial compensation — or the payment money — is only one of many different types of material reparations that can be provided to victims. Other types include restoring civil and political rights, erasing unfair criminal convictions, physical rehabilitation, and granting access to land, health care, or education. Sometimes, these measures are provided to victims’ family members, often children, in recognition that providing them with a better future is an important way to overcome the enduring consequences of the violations. Reparations can be implemented through administrative programs or enforced as the outcome of litigation. Oftentimes, they overlap and compete for state resources with programs against poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to resources, like land. -
War in Western Sahara
News Report --.SUMMER..li79 t ~·llr.l'T'N srqr. tlf..... "IV_E_R~:-,ry-· ~ ~ L~-- C E-=~ t \ 'l::~:~ !~J ( . - ti 1979 The Black American Lobby for Africa and The Caribbean WAR IN WESTERN SAHARA Pressed to the wall in her military struggle King Hassan II of Morocco is mounting a last and encourage King Hassan to negotiate an end against POLISARIO guerillas in Western Sahara, ditch campaign for increased U.S. military sup to the war "through the exercise of genuine self the conservative government of Morocco is peti port to sustain his failing army. Despite existing determination on the part of the Sharaoui tioning the Carter Administration to lift restric restrictions, in February of this year the State people." tions on military sales. Department quietly approved the sale of a half Mrs. Collins' view enjoys support from all in Sandwiched from the north and south by dozen Chinook CH-47 helicopters to Morocco. terested parties save Morocco. The United Na Morocco and Mauritania along the northwest This brought Morocco purchases of American tions has resolved that the Saharan people have coastal corner of Africa, the Western Sahara was arms over the last four years to almost half a a right to self-determination. Spain has endorsed annexed by the neighboring two states following billion dollars. the U. N. resolutions. So now does vacating colonial Spain's departure from the 154,400 Recalling in a letter last November to Presi Mauritania. In July, the Organization of African square miles of desert territory in 1975. Since dent Carter a 1960 agreement with Morocco Unity passed a resolution supporting a self annexation, the POLISARO Front, representing which limits the use of American weapons to the determination referendum for the former the 80,000 inhabitants of Western Sahara, has defense of the Kingdom of Morocco itself not in Spanish colony. -
Document Categories List
Document Categories List Addresses to the Nation Addresses and RemarksÐContinued Bosnia-HerzegovinaÐContinued State of the UnionÐ126 Sarajevo marketplace attackÐ186 Addresses and Remarks Boston, MAÐ448 Brown v. Board of Education, 40th anniversary ob- See also Addresses to the Nation; Bill Signings; servance in Beltsville, MDÐ935, 940 Interviews With the News Media; Meetings With Business CouncilÐ305 Foreign Leaders and International Officials Business RoundtableÐ1102 Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotia- Byrd, Senator Robert, dinnerÐ1259 tionsÐ895 California, earthquake Air collision at Pope Air Force Base, NCÐ542, Disaster assistanceÐ99, 242, 301 553 Roundtable discussion in Burbank, CAÐ102 American Association of Retired Persons, Edison, TeleconferenceÐ119 NJÐ265 California Medical Association, teleconferenceÐ528 American Cancer Society's Cattlebarons children's Celebration of Ireland DinnerÐ481 party in Houston, TXÐ187 Central Intelligence Agency American Council on EducationÐ289 Ames espionage caseÐ297 American Hospital AssociationÐ150 Employees, Langley, VAÐ4 Cinco de Mayo celebrationÐ851 American Legion Boys NationÐ1335 Cleveland, OHÐ1345 American Legion Girls NationÐ1295 Community policing grants, teleconferenceÐ903 American Nurses AssociationÐ889 Congressional barbecueÐ1129 American Society of Association ExecutivesÐ395 Congressional electionsÐ818 American Society of Newspaper EditorsÐ680 Congressional Medal of Honor, presentation cere- Americans with disabilitiesÐ810 monyÐ976 Americans with Disabilities Act, 4th anniversaryÐ -
Tral\ISAFRICA
.TRAl\ISAFRICA i Justice fa- the African World / A Chronology of the Free South Africa Movement • November 21, 1984 (Thanksgiving Eve) - The Free South Africa Movement (FSAM) is born when Dr. Mary Frances Berry, then Commissioner and later chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, D.C. Congressman Walter Fauntroy, and TransAfrica's Executive Director Randall Robinson are arrested at the South African Embassy for attempting to stage a sit-in to protest against the South African apartheid government. Georgetown University law professor Eleanor Holmes Norton was also with the group at the South African Embassy, but was not arrested as she had stepped out to address the media when the other members of the group were taken away. Academic and community organizer Dr. Sylvia Hill, President of the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists William Lucy and Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies Senior Fellow Roger Wilkins join Berry, Fauntroy and Robinson on the steering committee. This act marks the beginning of daily protests at the South African Embassy which will last for years to come. Within a week, public demonstrations against South African consulates, Krugerrand coin dealers, and corporations tied to South Africa spread throughout the nation. Over the course of a year, more than 4,500 people are arrested nationwide and grassroots campaigns develop in more than 40 cities. Rosa Parks, Senator Lowell Weicker, more than twenty members of the House of Representatives, Jesse Jackson, Harry Belafonte, Arthur Ashe, Tony Randall, Stevie Wonder, and Coretta Scott King are among the celebrities who join daily demonstrations at the South African Embassy. -
Haitian Military Retains Control Despite Embargo U.S
7 The Black American Lobby for Africa and the Caribbean Vol. 11, No. 1 Winter 1992 HAITIAN MILITARY RETAINS CONTROL DESPITE EMBARGO U.S. Begins Repatriation of Refugees Following Court Order A resolution of the Haitian political firmation nor the meeting with Aristide Refugees Forcibly Returned crisis appeared to be near when exiled have taken place. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide agreed Aristide, who is Haiti's first demo TransAfrica has been steadfast in its to the first part of a negotiated plan by cratically elected President, has indicated opposition to the forced return of Haitian the Organization of American States that he will not endorse the entire OAS refugees who are seeking asylum - in (OAS) to restore constitutional plan until Theodore makes several response to the political turmoil . ~hat democracy. Aristide agreed io meet with political concessions. These include followed the ouster of President Aristide. Rene Theodore and accepted him as the publicly acknowledging Aristide's prima Over 15,000Haitians have sought succor candidate to become the new prime cy as president, denouncing the coup and from the United States after risking their minister in a settlement that would lead agreeing to the ouster of its leaders, lives on dilapidated and overcrowded to Aristide's return after an interim setting a date for Aristide's return, reach boats. For the last three months, most period. ing agreements on cabinet nominees and of these desperate refugees have been Unfortunately, OAS negotiating efforts devising a plan for reform. housed at Guantanamo Bay naval base stalled when Theodore and other Haitian Since the coup on September 30, 1991, in Cuba and on Coast Guard cutters. -
Land and Power: Sustainable Agriculture and African Americans
Land Power& Sustainable Agriculture and African Americans A collection of essays from the 2007 Black Environmental Thought conference edited by Jeffrey L. Jordan Edward Pennick Walter A. Hill Robert Zabawa Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Land Power& Sustainable Agriculture and African Americans A collection of essays from the 2007 Black Environmental Thought Conference Edited by Jeffrey L. Jordan, Edward Pennick, Walter A. Hill, and Robert Zabawa First Edition Published by the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program, with funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. DepartmentAbout SAREof Agriculture SARE is a grant making and outreach program. Its mission is to advance—to the whole of American agriculture—innovations that improve profitability, stewardship and quality of life by investing in groundbreaking research and education. For more information about SARE’s grant making program and information products, visit www.sare.org or contact: SARE Outreach Associate 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC, Bldg. 046 Beltsville, MD 20705 [email protected] (301) 504-5236 SARE Regions North Central Alaska Northeast West Guam CNMI South FSM Hawaii AS USVI PR Size and placement not to scale SARE’s four regional offices and outreach office work to advance sustainable innovations to the whole of American agriculture. 155 This book was published by the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program under cooperative agreements with USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture, University of Maryland and University of Vermont. Online: Visit www.sare.org. By check or purchase order: Make payable to Sustainable Agriculture Publications and send to Sustainable Agriculture Publications P.O. -
RIGGS: Rich Man's Bank
"A lot of people have the view that Riggs is a rich man's bank. "-Melvin Chrisman. Senior Vice President, Riggs National Bank RIGGS: Rich Man's Bank Have you ever tried toget a mortgage, home improvement or small business loan from Riggs and been turned down? If so, you have somethihg in common with other DC residents who live in predominantly black and working class neighborhoods. But if you want to purchase an expensive home west of Rock Creek Park or a recently renovated townhouse on Capitol Hill or, perhaps, even in Shaw, then you have a "friend" at Riggs. Riggs is, in fact, a "rich man's bank." Discriminatory mort- gage lending, employment and promotion practices and a lack of services to the vast majority of community residents are the evidence. Riggs, the DC bank with the largest amount of deposits, has the lowest percentage of loans to District residents and businesses of any commercial bank in the city. Where IS Riggs investing the money deposited by DC residents?Riggs is using our money as the basis of its loans to the South African white Riggs Rated Worst by DC Government supremacist government and the military dictatorship ef Chile. As of January, 1978, one-thirdof Riggs National Bank's In 1978, the District Gov- DC Auditor's Ranking international lending went to South Africa and the military ernment surveyed local 1 United Natronal Bank dictatorships of Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Chile alone banks, ranking them accord- 2. Industrial Bank accounts for 20% of Riggs' international lending. ing to types of loans made, 3. -
SEIU Executive Office: John Sweeney Records 177.5 Linear Feet (178 SB) 1921-1995, Bulk 1980-1995
SEIU Executive Office: John Sweeney Records 177.5 linear feet (178 SB) 1921-1995, bulk 1980-1995 Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Finding aid written by Louis Jones on December 21, 2010. Accession Number: 1542 Creator: Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Acquisition: The Executive Office of the Service Employees International Union Records were first deposited by SEIU at the Reuther Library in 1993. Subsequent deposits occurred in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2005 when SEIU shipped additional material to the Archives. The Reuther Library serves as the official repository for SEIU. Language: Material entirely in English. Access: Records are open for research. Use: Refer to the Walter P. Reuther Library Rules for Use of Archival Materials. Notes: Citation style: “Service Employees International Union Executive Office: John Sweeney Records. Box [#], Folder [#], Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University” Other Access Aids: Many photographic images are available online in the SEIU Image Gallery on the Reuther’s Web site (www.reuther.wayne.edu). Related Material: Reuther Library Collections: SEIU Executive Office Microfilm Records, SEIU Executive Office: William McFetridge Records, SEIU Executive Office: David Sullivan Records, SEIU Executive Office: George Hardy Records, SEIU Historical Records, SEIU/International Jewelry Workers’ Union Records, SEIU International Vice-Presidents Records, SEIU Secretary- Treasurer’s Office: International Executive Board Records, SEIU Local 32B-32J Records, SEIU Research Department Historical Records, SEIU Secretary-Treasurer’s Office: Constitutions and By-Laws Records, SEIU Secretary-Treasurer’s Office: Affiliate Officers Records.” The “SEIU Charter Book,” which contains the dates of charters, dissolutions, charter revocations, and mergers of SEIU affiliates, is located behind the reference desk in the reading room of the Walter P.