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Malcolm X and United States Policies Towards Africa: a Qualitative Analysis of His Black Nationalism and Peace Through Power and Coercion Paradigms
Malcolm X and United States Policies towards Africa: A Qualitative Analysis of His Black Nationalism and Peace through Power and Coercion Paradigms by Abdul Karim Bangura, Ph.D. [email protected] Researcher-in-Residence, Abrahamic Connections and Islamic Peace Studies at the Center for Global Peace, American University; Director, The African Institution; Professor, Research Methodology and Political Science; Coordinator, National Conference on Undergraduate Research initiative at Howard University, Washington, DC; External Reader of Research Methodology at the Plekhanov Russian University, Moscow; Inaugural Peace Professor for the International Summer School in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Peshawar in Pakistan; and International Director and Advisor to the Centro Cultural Guanin in Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Republic. The author is also the author of more than 75 books and more than 600 scholarly articles. The winner of more than 50 prestigious scholarly and community service awards, among Bangura’s most recent awards are the Cecil B. Curry Book Award for his African Mathematics: From Bones to Computers; the Diopian Institute for Scholarly Advancement’s Miriam Ma’at Ka Re Award for his article titled “Domesticating Mathematics in the African Mother Tongue” published in The Journal of Pan African Studies (now Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies); the Special United States Congressional Award for “outstanding and invaluable service to the international community;” the International Center for Ethno- Religious Mediation’s Award for his scholarly work on ethnic and religious conflict resolution and peacebuilding, and promotion of peace and conflict resolution in conflict areas; and the Moscow Government Department of Multicultural Policy and Intergrational Cooperation Award for the scientific and practical nature of his work on peaceful interethnic and interreligious relations. -
Mass Slavery Apology FACING OUR
SLAVERY & ITS LEGACY: Mass Slavery Apology FACING OUR UNHEALED PAST With Hope for Transformation, Justice, & Reconciliation We hope you will share this booklet with others. www.racialjusticerising.org [email protected] Mass Slavery Apology (A) nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. Both colonizer and colonized are dehumanized, ~ Dr. Martin Luther King, Beyond Vietnam, 1967 albeit in different and very distinctive ways, within a culture of domination. Therefore if domination is to end, there must be personal transformation on both sides. ~ bell hooks If you have come to help me, you are wasting your time. But if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together. ~ Aboriginal activists group, Queensland, Australia, 1970s [We see a need] to transform the thinking that All truth passes through three stages: spawned racism, namely the appetite for material First it is ridiculed. power and luxury in the Western nations, and the Second it is violently opposed. consequent reduction of human beings to the status of objects to be bought, sold, easily Third it is accepted as being self- demeaned and killed for profit, denying the evident. profound and noble spiritual nature of all people. ~ Schopenhauer ~ Ingrid Askew and Sister Clare Carter, co-founders, Interfaith Pilgrimage of the Middle Passage: Re-tracing the Journey of Slavery, 1999 Dear Readers, We invite you to join us in a very special project. We are a small group, all white, who, with guidance from African TO BE HOPEFUL in bad times is not just American and Native American activists/educators, have foolishly romantic. -
Kwame Nkrumah and the Pan- African Vision: Between Acceptance and Rebuttal
Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations e-ISSN 2238-6912 | ISSN 2238-6262| v.5, n.9, Jan./Jun. 2016 | p.141-164 KWAME NKRUMAH AND THE PAN- AFRICAN VISION: BETWEEN ACCEPTANCE AND REBUTTAL Henry Kam Kah1 Introduction The Pan-African vision of a United of States of Africa was and is still being expressed (dis)similarly by Africans on the continent and those of Afri- can descent scattered all over the world. Its humble origins and spread is at- tributed to several people based on their experiences over time. Among some of the advocates were Henry Sylvester Williams, Marcus Garvey and George Padmore of the diaspora and Peter Abrahams, Jomo Kenyatta, Sekou Toure, Julius Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah of South Africa, Kenya, Guinea, Tanza- nia and Ghana respectively. The different pan-African views on the African continent notwithstanding, Kwame Nkrumah is arguably in a class of his own and perhaps comparable only to Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. Pan-Africanism became the cornerstone of his struggle for the independence of Ghana, other African countries and the political unity of the continent. To transform this vision into reality, Nkrumah mobilised the Ghanaian masses through a pop- ular appeal. Apart from his eloquent speeches, he also engaged in persuasive writings. These writings have survived him and are as appealing today as they were in the past. Kwame Nkrumah ceased every opportunity to persuasively articulate for a Union Government for all of Africa. Due to his unswerving vision for a Union Government for Africa, the visionary Kwame Nkrumah created a microcosm of African Union through the Ghana-Guinea and then Ghana-Guinea-Mali Union. -
Nigeria: a New History of a Turbulent Century
More praise for Nigeria: A New History of a Turbulent Century ‘This book is a major achievement and I defy anyone who reads it not to learn from it and gain greater understanding of the nature and development of a major African nation.’ Lalage Bown, professor emeritus, Glasgow University ‘Richard Bourne’s meticulously researched book is a major addition to Nigerian history.’ Guy Arnold, author of Africa: A Modern History ‘This is a charming read that will educate the general reader, while allowing specialists additional insights to build upon. It deserves an audience far beyond the confines of Nigerian studies.’ Toyin Falola, African Studies Association and the University of Texas at Austin About the author Richard Bourne is senior research fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London and a trustee of the Ramphal Institute, London. He is a former journalist, active in Common wealth affairs since 1982 when he became deputy director of the Commonwealth Institute, Kensington, and was the first director of the non-governmental Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative. He has written and edited eleven books and numerous reports. As a journalist he was education correspondent of The Guardian, assistant editor of New Society, and deputy editor of the London Evening Standard. Also by Richard Bourne and available from Zed Books: Catastrophe: What Went Wrong in Zimbabwe? Lula of Brazil Nigeria A New History of a Turbulent Century Richard Bourne Zed Books LONDON Nigeria: A New History of a Turbulent Century was first published in 2015 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK www.zedbooks.co.uk Copyright © Richard Bourne 2015 The right of Richard Bourne to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 Typeset by seagulls.net Index: Terry Barringer Cover design: www.burgessandbeech.co.uk All rights reserved. -
Emeagwali Voted History's 35 Greatest African
Emeagwali Voted History’s 35 th Greatest African Comment: Emeagwali (third from bottom right) ranked 35th and the greatest African scientist ever . Emeagwali Voted History’s 35 th Greatest African LONDON - Philip Emeagwali was voted the 35th greatest African of all time in a survey for New African magazine, it was announced on August 26, 2004. Emeagwali also ranked as the greatest African scientist ever. The technology category was topped by Imhotep, the multi-genius that designed Egypt's first pyramid. The science category was topped by Emeagwali famed for helping give birth to the supercomputer, the technology that gave rise to the Internet. Comment: Philip E meagwali also ranked greatest African scientist ever . Emeagwali ranked #1 scientist Page 2 of 25 Emeagwali Voted History’s 35 th Greatest African Emeagwali's discovery of a formula that enables supercomputers powered by 65,000 electronic brains called "processors" to perform the world’s fastest calculations inspired the reinvention of supercomputers - from the size and shape of a loveseat to a thousand-fold faster machine that occupies the space of four tennis courts, costs 400 million dollars a piece, powered by 65,000 processors and that can perform a billion billion calculations per second. Emeagwali reformulated Newton’s Second Law of Motion as 18 equations and algorithms; then as 24 million algebraic equations; and finally he programmed and executed those equations on 65,000 processors at a speed of 3.1 billion calculations per second. Emeagwali's 65,000 processors, 24 million equations and 3.1 billion calculations were three world records that garnered international headlines. -
AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records 88 Linear Feet (88 SB) 1970-2001, Bulk 1972-2000
Walter P. Reuther Library Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs Wayne State University Archives AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records 88 linear feet (88 SB) 1970-2001, bulk 1972-2000 Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Finding aid written by Johanna Russ on August 23, 2011. Accession Number: LR001989 Creator: AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer Acquisition: The AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records were first deposited at the Walter P. Reuther Library at the beginning of William Lucy’s tenure as secretary-treasurer in 1972. Subsequent deposits have occurred throughout Mr. Lucy’s tenure until shortly after his retirement in 2010. Secretary-Treasurer Office Records for Lee Saunders, Mr. Lucy’s successor, will be deposited at the Walter P. Reuther Library as well. Language: Material mostly in English with some foreign languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Japanese, represented. Access: Records are open for research. Items in vault are available at the discretion of the archives. Use: Refer to the Walter P. Reuther Library Rules for Use of Archival Materials. Notes: Citation style: “AFSCME Office of the Secretary-Treasurer: William Lucy Records, Box [#], Folder [#], Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University” Copies: Materials in Series V: Public Services International (PSI) likely also exist in the PSI Archives in Bonn, Germany. Materials related to the AFL-CIO are possibly duplicated at the George Meany Archives in Silver Spring, Maryland. Other Access Aids: Many of the photos found in Series VI have been scanned and uploaded the AFSCME image gallery: http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/image/tid/25. -
Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787 Hakim Adi University of Chichester, [email protected]
African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter Volume 8 Article 6 Issue 4 September 2005 7-1-2005 Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787 Hakim Adi University of Chichester, [email protected] Marika Sherwood University of London Robert Trent Vinson Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/adan Part of the African American Studies Commons, African History Commons, African Languages and Societies Commons, African Studies Commons, American Art and Architecture Commons, American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Folklore Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, Other International and Area Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Adi, Hakim; Sherwood, Marika; and Vinson, Robert Trent (2005) "Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787," African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter: Vol. 8 : Iss. 4 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/adan/vol8/iss4/6 This Book Reviews is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Adi et al.: Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspo Book Review H-NET BOOK REVIEW Published by H-SAfrica, http://www.h-net.org/~safrica/ (April, 2005) and H-Atlantic, http://www.h-net.org/~atlantic (June 2005). Hakim Adi and Marika Sherwood. -
A Critical Analysis of African-Centered Psychology: from Ism to Praxis
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 35 Issue 1 Article 9 1-1-2016 A Critical Analysis of African-Centered Psychology: From Ism to Praxis A. Ebede-Ndi California Institute of Integral Studies Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Philosophy Commons, Psychology Commons, Religion Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Ebede-Ndi, A. (2016). A critical analysis of African-centered psychology: From ism to praxis. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 35 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2016.35.1.65 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Special Topic Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Critical Analysis of African-Centered Psychology: From Ism to Praxis A. Ebede-Ndi California Institute of Integral Studies San Francisco, CA, USA The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate what is perceived as shortcomings in the scholarly field of African-centered psychology and mode of transcendence, specifically in terms of the existence of an African identity. A great number of scholars advocate a total embrace of a universal African identity that unites Africans in the diaspora and those on the continent and that can be used as a remedy to a Eurocentric domination of psychology at the detriment of Black communities’ specific needs. -
Operation Urgent Fury: High School Briefing File
OPERATION URGENT FURY: HIGH SCHOOL BRIEFING FILE PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH “ As for the enemies of freedom...they will be reminded that peace is the highest aspiration of the American people. We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it— now or ever.” -Ronald Reagan, 1981 TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMUNISM 2 COLD WAR TIMELINE 4 PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENT 6 STORIES OF SURVIVAL 8 GLOSSARY 9 COMMUNISM “The road to Hell is paved with good intentions.” - Karl Marx, Das Kapital 1 Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) was a philosopher, co-author of The Communist Manifesto, and is credited with developing the ideas and principles that led to the foundation of Communism. While he never lived to see his dream of a communist state realized, politicians such as Vladimir Lenin studied his works and formed governments like the Soviet Union, the Republic of Cuba, and Grenada. Karl Marx, 1867. Photograph by Freidrich Karl Wunder (1815-1893). Courtesy of marxists.org. In your own words, what do you think Marx meant in the quote above? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic 1936 Constitution of the USSR Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens ARTICLE 123. Equality of rights of citizens of the USSR, irrespective of their nationality or race, in all spheres of economic, state, cultural, social and political life, is an indefeasible law. Any direct or indirect restriction of the rights of, or, conversely, any establishment of direct or indirect privileges for, citizens on account of their race or nationality, as well as any advocacy of racial or national exclusiveness or hatred and contempt, is punishable by law. -
Mama Anditu Siwatu
Issue #33, May 2004: his time of year holds great significance for murder three years later, but also could have changed the United Afrikan-centered activists and revolutionar- States that might have prevented many of the unfortunate events Ties, as it includes the 36th-year commemora- of the last 30-plus years. tion of the assassination of the Rev. Dr. Martin We chose ten issues on which Dr. King and Malcolm X Luther King, Jr. (April 4th) and the 79th birthday expressed their views regarding the situation of Afrikan people of Malcolm X (May 19th). As contemporaries, in America and the struggle of the world’s peoples against their interaction was often an intense one, since they oppression. We examine quotes from both men to demonstrate seemed to disagree on issues from non-violence to the differences but also the increasing similarities in their views. integration to spirituality. We end with quotes from them concerning their relationship to But did they, really? each other, and finally their thoughts as And did their disagree- their time on earth grew short. ments remain static or BLACK UNITY did they start to “come together” with time? In the last two years of Malcolm’s life, he We contend that their began to support coalitions with organi- views did indeed begin zations and individuals, including Dr. to converge as the years King and the NAACP, which he had once went by. We also be- considered weak in their commitment to lieve that, had Malcolm Afrikan liberation. Most of these quotes X not been cut down on come from late in Malcolm’s short life. -
Afrofuturism 2.0 & the Black Speculative Art Movement
AFROFUTURISM 2.0 & THE BLACK SPECULATIVE ART MOVEMENT Notes on a Manifesto Reynaldo Anderson Over the last decade, an embryonic movement examining the overlap between race, art, science and design has been stirring and growing beneath the surface. Afrofuturism is the current name for a body of systematic Black speculative thought originating in the 1990s as a re- sponse to postmodernity that has blossomed into a global movement the last five years. Although contemporary Black speculative thought has roots at the nexus of 19th century scientific racism, technology, and the struggle for African self-determination and creative expression, it has now matured into an emerging global phenomenon. Afrofuturism 2.0 is the beginning of both a move away and an answer to the Euro- centric perspective of the 20th century’s early formulation of Afrofu- turism that wondered if the history of African peoples, especially in North America, had been deliberately erased. Or to put it more plainly, future-looking Black scholars, artists, and activists are not only reclaim- ing their right to tell their own stories, but also to critique the European/ American digerati class of their narratives about cultural others, past, present and future and, challenging their presumed authority to be the sole interpreters of Black lives and Black futures. Kodwo Eshun asserts: “Afrofuturism may be characterized as a program for recovering the histories of counter-futures created in a century hostile to Afrodiasporic projection and as a space within which the critical work of manufac- turing tools capable of intervention within the current political dispen- sation may be undertaken” (288). -
Political Philosophy in Postcolonial Africa: a Critical Examination of The
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY IN POSTCOLONIAL AFRICA: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIPS IN NIGERIA By Lillian Chioma Nwosu Submitted to Central European University School of Public Policy In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Policy CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Daniel Large Author’s declaration: Budapest, Hungary 2020 i Author’s Declaration: I, the undersigned Lillian Chioma Nwosu, hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. To the best of my knowledge this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where proper acknowledgement has been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted as part of the requirements of any other academic degree or non-degree program, in English or in any other language. This is a true copy of the thesis, including final revisions. Date: June 12, 2020 Name: Lillian Chioma Nwosu CEU eTD Collection Signature: ii Abstract This thesis examines the impact of colonialism and military regimes on the development of political philosophy and government in postcolonial African countries, using Nigeria as a case study. Particularly, it interrogates the nature of the social contract in precolonial times, colonial times, and precolonial times. Using the Women’s War of 1929, it draws a contrast between the nature of the social contract in precolonial and colonial times. This thesis finds that while colonialism eroded the political systems and philosophies of the peoples of precolonial Nigeria, both colonialism and military rule heavily contributed to a strong culture of state authoritarianism, and the social contract was severely weakened by both events.