How to Read Tibetan
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Dharma Kings and Flying Women: Buddhist
DHARMA KINGS AND FLYING WOMEN: BUDDHIST EPISTEMOLOGIES IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY INDIAN AND BRITISH WRITING by CYNTHIA BETH DRAKE B.A., University of California at Berkeley, 1984 M.A.T., Oregon State University, 1992 M.A. Georgetown University, 1999 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English 2017 This thesis entitled: Dharma Kings and Flying Women: Buddhist Epistemologies in Early Twentieth-Century Indian and British Writing written by Cynthia Beth Drake has been approved for the Department of English ________________________________________ Dr. Laura Winkiel __________________________________________ Dr. Janice Ho Date ________________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Drake, Cynthia Beth (Ph.D., English) Dharma Kings and Flying Women: Buddhist Epistemologies in Early Twentieth-Century Indian and British Writing Thesis directed by Associate Professor Laura Winkiel The British fascination with Buddhism and India’s Buddhist roots gave birth to an epistemological framework combining non-dual awareness, compassion, and liberational praxis in early twentieth-century Indian and British writing. Four writers—E.M. Forster, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Lama Yongden, and P.L. Travers—chart a transnational cartography that mark points of location in the flow and emergence of this epistemological framework. To Forster, non- duality is a terrifying rupture and an echo of not merely gross mismanagement, but gross misunderstanding by the British of India and its spiritual legacy. -
Educating the Heart
Approaching Tibetan Studies About Tibet Geography of Tibet Geographical Tibet Names: Bod (Tibetan name) Historical Tibet (refers to the larger, pre-1959 Tibet, see heavy black line marked on Tibet: A Political Map) Tibet Autonomous Region or Political Tibet (refers to the portion of Tibet named by People’s Republic of China in 1965, see bolded broken line on Tibet: A Political Map) Khawachen (literary Tibetan name meaning “Abode of Snows”) Xizang (the historical Chinese name for meaning “Western Treasure House”) Land of Snows (Western term) Capital: Lhasa Provinces: U-Tsang (Central & Southern Tibet) Kham (Eastern Tibet) Amdo (Northeastern Tibet) Since the Chinese occupation of Tibet, most of the Tibetan Provinces of Amdo and Kham have been absorbed into the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan Main Towns: Llasa, Shigatse, Gyantse, Chamdo Area: 2,200,000 Sq. kilometers/850,000 sq. miles Elevation: Average 12-15,000 feet Tibet is located on a large plateau called the Tibetan Plateau. Borders: India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma (south) China (west, north, east) Major Mountains Himalaya (range to south & west) and Ranges Kunlun (range to north) Chomolungma (Mt. Everest) 29,028 ft. Highest peak in the world Kailas (sacred mountain in western Tibet to Buddhists, Hindus & Jains) The Tibetan Plateau is surrounded by some of the world’s highest mountain ranges. Major Rivers: Ma Chu (Huzng He/Yellow Dri Chu (Yangtze) Za Chu (Mekong) Ngul Chu (Salween) Tsangpo (Bramaputra) Ganges Sutlej Indus Almost all of the major rivers in Asia have their source in Tibet. Therefore, the ecology of Tibet directly impacts the ecology of East, Southeast and South Asia. -
Origins of Grammatical Forms and Evidence from Latin1
Origins of Grammatical Forms and Evidence from Latin1 Brigitte L. M. Bauer The University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. [email protected] Analyses of grammaticalization in Indo-European languages tend to focus on Germanic and Romance forms, for which we generally are able to identify the original autonomous composing elements. By contrast, in early Indo- European languages we find many inflected formations or other grammatical elements that are opaque. The question then is: are these forms opaque (1) because of the length of their existence; or (2) because the composing elements in origin were not autonomous lexical forms, but rather of a different type? We may never be able to fully answer that question. Yet comparison of phenomena of grammaticalization in different stages of Latin will help clarify certain aspects of it. This article compares manifestations of grammaticalization in the transition from Latin to Romance with earlier formation processes in Latin and Indo-European. I will submit that the instances of grammaticalization that we find in the later stages of Latin and that resulted in a number of new grammatical forms in Romance, reflect a major linguistic innovation. While the new grammatical forms are created out of lexical or mildly grammatical autonomous elements, earlier processes seem to primarily involve particles with a certain semantic value, and freezing. This fundamental difference explains why the attempts of early Indo-Europeanists such as Franz Bopp at tracing the lexical origins of Indo-European inflected forms were unsuccessful and strongly criticized by the Neo-Grammarians. 1. Introduction Over the last thirty or so years the study of grammaticalization has been one of the hotbeds of historical linguistics. -
Ladon =-.R/: Oblique Case Marker 4
Colloquial Amdo Tibetan (2005, Revised), Kuo-ming Sung & Lha Byams Rgyal Lesson 4 What's Your Name? HR:-MA%-%-(A-9A$-9J<-<, ☛ Key Grammar Points in Lesson Four: 1. Word Order and Case System 2. Subjective vs. Objective Perspectives 3. Ladon =-.R/: Oblique Case Marker 4. Subject-Ladon Verb: 9J< 5. Verb of Identification: ;A/ to Be ❖ 4.1 Dialogue Dialogue 1 ,:R-3:, HR-2.J-3R-;A/-/, 0:J-=A?, HR-2.J-3R-;A/-/, ,:R-3:, %A-MA%-%-,:R-3:-9J<-<, HR:- MA%- %- (A- 9A$- 9J<- <, 0:J-=A?, %A-MA%-%-0:J-=A?-9J<-<, ,:R-3:, HR-.$J-c/-AJ-;A/, 0:J-=A?, 3A/, %-aR2-3-;A/, HR-.$J-c/-AJ-;A/, ,:R-3:, %- .$J- c/- 3A/, %- <- aR2- 3- ;A/, Dialogue 2 hR- eJ, A- <R, HR- 2.J- 3R, {=- 29%- , HR- 2.J- 3R, hR- eJ, HR- 5K- <A%-AJ- ;A/, {=- 29%- , %- 5K- <A%-3A/, %A- MA%- %- {=- 29%- 9J<- <, 53 Colloquial Amdo Tibetan (2005, Revised), Kuo-ming Sung & Lha Byams Rgyal hR- eJ, .$R%?- 0- 3- :5S3?, %A- MA%- %- hR- eJ - 9J<- <, 2.J- 3R, {=- 29%- , 2.J- 3R, 2.J- 3R, Dialogue 1 Tom: How are you? (Are you well?) Bai Li: How are you? Tom: My name is (called) Tom. What’s your name (called)? Bai Li: My name is (called) Bai Li. Tom: Are you a teacher? Bai Li: I’m not. I am a student. Are you a teacher? Tom: I’m not a teacher. I’m a student, too. Dialogue 2 Dorje: Hi. How are you? Gabzang: How are you? Dorje: Are you Tserang? Gabzang: I am not Tserang. -
English Versions of Chinese Authors' Names in Biomedical Journals
Dialogue English Versions of Chinese Authors’ Names in Biomedical Journals: Observations and Recommendations The English language is widely used inter- In English transliteration, two-syllable Forms of Chinese Authors’ Names nationally for academic purposes. Most of given names sometimes are spelled as two in Biomedical Journals the world’s leading life-science journals are words (Jian Hua), sometimes as one word We recently reviewed forms of Chinese published in English. A growing number (Jianhua), and sometimes hyphenated authors’ names accompanying English- of Chinese biomedical journals publish (Jian-Hua). language articles or abstracts in various abstracts or full papers in this language. Occasionally Chinese surnames are Chinese and Western biomedical journals. We have studied how Chinese authors’ two syllables (for example, Ou-Yang, Mu- We found considerable inconsistency even names are presented in English in bio- Rong, Si-Ma, and Si-Tu). Editors who are within the same journal or issue. The forms medical journals. There is considerable relatively unfamiliar with Chinese names were in the following categories: inconsistency. This inconsistency causes may mistake these compound surnames for • Surname in all capital letters followed by confusion, for example, in distinguishing given names. hyphenated or closed-up given name, for surnames from given names and thus cit- China has 56 ethnic groups. Names example, ing names properly in reference lists. of minority group members can differ KE Zhi-Yong (Chinese Journal of In the current article we begin by pre- considerably from those of Hans, who Contemporary Pediatrics) senting as background some features of constitute most of the Chinese population. GUO Liang-Qian (Chinese Chinese names. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct prim, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howeil Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313 761-4700 800 521-0600 Order Number 0105209 Topics on a categorlal theory of Chinese syntax Sheu, Ying-yu, Ph.D. -
An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory
An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory Hilda Koopman Dominique Sportiche Edward Stabler 1 Morphology: Starting with words 1 2 Syntactic analysis introduced 37 3 Clauses 87 4 Many other phrases: first glance 101 5 X-bar theory and a first glimpse of discontinuities 121 6 The model of syntax 141 7 Binding and the hierarchical nature of phrase structure 163 8 Apparent violations of Locality of Selection 187 9 Raising and Control 203 10 Summary and review 223 iii 1 Morphology: Starting with words Our informal characterization defined syntax as the set of rules or princi- ples that govern how words are put together to form phrases, well formed sequences of words. Almost all of the words in it have some common sense meaning independent of the study of language. We more or less understand what a rule or principle is. A rule or principle describes a regularity in what happens. (For example: “if the temperature drops suddenly, water vapor will condense”). This notion of rule that we will be interested in should be distinguished from the notion of a rule that is an instruction or a statement about what should happen, such as “If the light is green, do not cross the street.” As linguists, our primary interest is not in how anyone says you should talk. Rather, we are interested in how people really talk. In common usage, “word” refers to some kind of linguistic unit. We have a rough, common sense idea of what a word is, but it is surprisingly difficult to characterize this precisely. -
The Supposed Tibetan Or Nepalese Name of Mt. Everest. 127
The Supposed Tibetan or Nepalese Name of Mt. Everest. 127 THE SUPPOSED TIBETAN OR NEPALESE NAME OF MouNT EvEREST. 1 ROM time to time, and more especially perhaps in continental mountaineering literature, one notices the use of the word Chomo-lungma, as if it were the true and accepted Tibetan name of Mount Everest. And for this usage there is perhaps some reason, since the name is .written across the Mount Everest massif on the map accomp anying The Fight for Everest (1924), and it also app ears in the form Chomo Longmo on t he -!-inch sheet, 'Mount Everest and Environs,' publish ed by the Survey of India in 1930, as well as on the map accomp anying Everest, 1933. Now it will be remembered that during the reconnaissance of Mount Everest in 1921 Lt.-Col. Howard Bury reported that the name Ohomo-lungma was applied by Tibetans to both Everest and its great neighbour Makalu, but that locally Chomo Uri was also used for the former peak. lVIoreover, in Nepal a number of years earlier General Bruce had heard the name Ohomo Lungmo applied to Mount Everest by Sherpa Bhutias.1 Other native names pre viously suggested, though without adequate foundation, have been Chholungbu and Chomo Kankar, the latter having been favoured by Douglas Freshfield.2 And it is perhaps needless to mention the misidentification of Gaurisankar with Everest by Schlagintweit in 1855. This has led to frequent use of the former name on German and other atlases, in spite of repeated official and other representa tions since the d ays when Capt. -
Discussion Guide About This Guide
Discussion Guide About this Guide This guide is designed to be used in conjunction with the filmValley of the Heroes. It contains background information about the film and its subject matter, discussion questions, and additional resources. It has been written with classroom and community settings in mind, but can be used by anybody who would like to facilitate a screening and discussion about the film. Table of Contents Filmmaker Statement 3 Context for the Film 4 Disambiguation: What is Tibet? 5 Geography 6 A Brief History of Hualong (Dpa’Lung) 7 Qinghai Nationalities University Local Education Aid Group (LEAG) 8 Discussion Questions and Activities 9 Recommended Resources 10 Right Turning Conch Shell - a Tibetan auspicious Film Purchase Information 11 symbol associated with heroism. 2 Filmmaker Statement by Khashem Gyal “When no one listens, no one tells, and when no one tells, no one learns, and thus when the elders die, so do the traditions and language.” This old Tibetan proverb sadly captures the current situation of Tibetan oral (LEAG). In my first class, I started teaching a Tibetan subject, and realized that traditions and language. Each year sees the passing of precious aged people, and three quarters of the students were unable to understand Tibetan at all. The other there is a decline in the number of children who speak Tibetan and understand teachers and I had collected Tibetan folklore, riddles, songs, and dance to teach their culture. to the students. They were interested, but much of the time we had to explain in Chinese. Tibetan civilization is characterized by a very strong oral and popular culture, combined with a sophisticated intellectual, religious, and philosophical literary We wanted to have a good relationship with the community, so we decided to visit production. -
A Semantic Study of the Preposition “På” in Norwegian
Life of på A semantic study of the preposition “på” in Norwegian Vilde Reichelt MA thesis in Linguistics LING4190 Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies University of Oslo November 2018 II Life of på A semantic study of the preposition “på” in Norwegian III © Vilde Reichelt 2017/18 Life of på Vilde Reichelt http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo IV Abstract In this thesis I examine the lexical semantics of the Norwegian word på (eng. on) using a written translation corpus from Norwegian to English. My empirical data was collected from the written corpus OMC and an excerpt of the novel Sophie’s World in The English- Norwegian Parallel Corpus. The analysis comprised of two substudies. To test for my hypotheses, I studied noun phrases of the type ‘fur of the rabbit’ in translation from Norwegian, and the Norwegian prepositions av ‘of’, i ‘in’ and til ‘to’ in relation to på and the English translation of constructions that originally have på ‘on’ in Norwegian. The other substudy consists of both particle verbs of the type ‘believe in’ and verbs with preposition phrases ‘was on her way’. I explored nominalization of verbs and whether it give rise to a requirement for på, and what patterns there are for the semantic selection of prepositional elements. Occasionally the lexeme på functions as a complement to the verb, making it more specific, or else it appears in particle verbs as a grammatical function. Focusing on translation data from both Norwegian and English, the thesis investigates the different combinations of på and of, and the interchangeability within the Norwegian prepositions. -
SESSION I : Geographical Names and Sea Names
The 14th International Seminar on Sea Names Geography, Sea Names, and Undersea Feature Names The sense of names Geographical names as dynamic element of a world in motion Isolde Hausner (Chair, Austrian Committee on Geographical Names) 1. Introduction : Toponyms as cultural and historical heritage – names and identity from a linguistic perspective: A speech community denominates the objects of its surrounding natural and cultural area with its specific names inventary which exercises a cognitive function in communication, this means that names have a community building function in society. The function of toponyms and the motives of naming are primarily focused on the natural and cultural surroundings of a society and their achievements on the cultivation of their living space. With the toponyms people create a spatial identity, they feel familiar with the region and in this sense toponyms are part of the cultural and historical heritage of a region. If there are alterations – is it the object itself or any other changes from outside (e.g. natural hazards, political, social alterations) – name changes can and will happen, names can newly be created but names can also disappear. Toponyms have furthermore the function to be a historical and linguistic documentation of a region, because they store information on the natural space and the socio-cultural developments in the course of the centuries. In this context I mention also the name protection on the national and international level. Countries have their own laws and rules to protect their geographical names, and have the right to denominate objects on their territory. The United Nations group of experts on geographical names (UNGEGN) coordinates all these endeavours of the member states and sets standards for the implementation in practice. -
Common Ground Between Islam and Buddhism
Common Ground Between Islam and Buddhism Common Ground Between Islam and Buddhism By Reza Shah-Kazemi With an essay by Shaykh Hamza Yusuf Introduced by H. H. the Fourteenth Dalai Lama H. R. H. Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad Professor Mohammad Hashim Kamali First published in 2010 by Fons Vitae 49 Mockingbird Valley Drive Louisville, KY 40207 http://www.fonsvitae.com Email: [email protected] © Copyright The Royal Aal-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Jordan 2010 Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925171 ISBN 978–1891785627 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without prior permission of the publishers. All rights reserved. With gratitude to the Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation for the use of the fourteenth century Qur’ānic shamsiyya lotus image found in Splendours of Qur’ān Calligraphy and Illumination by Martin Lings. We also thank Justin Majzub for his artistic rendition of this beautiful motif. Printed in Canada iv Contents Foreword by H. H. the Fourteenth Dalai Lama vii Introduction by H. R. H. Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad ix Preface by Professor Mohammad Hashim Kamali xvii Acknowledgements xxii Common Ground Between Islam and Buddhism Part One — Setting the Scene 1 Beyond the Letter to the Spirit 1 A Glance at History 7 Qur’ānic Premises of Dialogue 12 The Buddha as Messenger 14 Revelation from on High or Within? 19 The Dalai Lama and the Dynamics of Dialogue 24 Part Two — Oneness: The Highest Common Denominator 29 Conceiving of the One 29 The Unborn 30 Buddhist Dialectics 33 Shūnya and Shahāda 40 Light of Transcendence