Marketing Fragment 6 X 11.T65

Home , 3 Camelopardalis, 61 Ursae Majoris, AE Aquarii, DDO 169, HL Tau 76, RV Tauri

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-23253-1 - Understanding Variable Stars John R. Percy Index More information

Index

absolute magnitude, 24 analysis of variance, 64 Babcock, Horace, 93 active galactic nuclei (AGN), angular momentum, 110 Babylonian astronomy, 1 272--5 anomalous X-ray pulsars, 100 Baker, Norman, 141 adaptive optics, 26 Ap stars, 92--6, 190--2, 329 Bamberg Observatory, 55 absorption-line spectra, 27 apparent magnitude, 22, 49 Barnes-Evans method, 138, abundance of the elements, apsidal motion, 113 154 32 APT (Automatic Photometric Be stars, 8, 58, 131, 296--301 accretion disc, 41 Telescope) Service, 59 Be star Newsletter, 296 AE Aquarii stars, 245 archaeoastronomy, 1 Bell Burnell, Jocelyn, 97 AGB: see Argelander, Friedrich, 4, 125 Belopolsky, Aristarkh, 147 asymptotic-giant-branch Aristotle, 1 BeppoSAX satellite, 270 Algol variables, 107 ASAS (All-Sky Automated beta Canis Majoris stars: see alias periods, 65--6 Survey), 58 beta Cephei stars alpha-2 CVn (Ap) stars, 58, associations (of stars), 18, 279 beta Cephei stars, 8, 138, 82, 92--6, 190--2 asteroseismology, 79, 145, 141--2, 195--203 alpha Cygni variables, 305 319 beta Lyrae stars, 107 Am stars, 92 ASTRO 1 and 2 missions, 10 Betsy stars, 203 AM Canum Venaticorum astrometric binary star, 16 binary stars, 22, 103--35, 166, stars, 246, 250 Astronomy and Astrophysics 172, 255, 287 AM Herculis stars: see polars Abstracts, 77--8 classiﬁcation, 110 amateur astronomy, 320--4 asymptotic-giant-branch evolution, 132--3 Ambartsumian, Viktor, 278 (AGB) stars, 43, 170, 217 BL Herculis stars, 164--5, 180 American Association of asynchronous polars, 245 black dwarf, 46 Variable Star Observers Atacama Large Millimetre Array black hole, 47 (AAVSO) 5, 12, 51, 75, 79, (ALMA), 10, 278, 293, 320 Blazhko effect, 173, 176, 177 84, 106, 112, 122, 176, atmospheres, stellar, 28 Bok globules, 41 210, 243, 283, 322--3, 325 auto-correlation, 66 bolometric correction, 25 American Astronomical Bouvier, J., 283 Society: Working Group Baade, Walter, 73, 148, 161 Bowen, George, 215 on Pro-Am Baade-Wesselink method, Brahe, Tycho, 2, 256 Collaboration, 323 137--8, 152, 154 Breger, Michel, 183

344

Index 345

British Astronomical common-envelope binaries, EC 14026 stars, 203 Association, 5, 52, 321--2 123 echelle spectra, 36 Brown, Nicholas, 275 Compton Gamma Ray eclipsing binary stars, 7, 26, broadening function, 124 Observatory (satellite), 11, 58, 103--35, brown dwarf, 42 279 analysis, 111--18 bumpers, 301 computers, 11 classification, 107, 110--11 BY Dra stars, 58, 224 conservation of angular elements, 111--16, 118 momentum, 41 Eddington, Arthur, 7, 8, 70 Canada-France-Hawaii contact binaries, 110, 123 Eddington limit, 305 Observatory, 259 continuous spectra, 27 education, 324--7 Cannon, Annie, 29 COROT (satellite), 11, 59, 146, ellipsoidal variable stars, 81, campaigns, 60, 184, 189, 192, 319 106--7 197 Cottrell, Peter, 313 emission-line spectra, 26 Cassiopeia A, 267 Crab Nebula, 256, 267, 328 ER Ursae Majoris stars, 242 cataclysmic variables, CSV (Catalogue of Suspected European Southern 228--25 Variables),76 Observatory (ESO), 57 CCDs (charge-coupled cycle number, 63 European Space Agency devices), 12, 35, 53, (ESA), 257 DAV stars, 195--6 Evans, Nancy Remage, 156 Center for Backyard David Dunlap Observatory Evans, Rev. Robert, 257 Astrophysics, 247, 323 (DDO), 56, 124 extinction, differential, 53 Cepheid period-luminosity DBV stars, 195--6 extinction, of species, 329 relation, 148 degenerate pulsating stars, extra-solar planets Cepheids, 140, 142 192--5 (exo-planets), 36, 57, 100, anomalous, 167 delta Delphini stars, 186 133--5 classical, 58, 73, 147--63, delta Scuti stars, 58, 73, 138, Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer 328 140, 142, 182--90 (EUVE) satellite, 10 double-mode, 152, 156 Demarque, Pierre, 165 dwarf, 183 Demers, Serge, 164 Fabricius, David, 2, 3, 219 Population II, 73, 161--7 detached binaries, 110, Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Chandra (satellite), 11, 219, 118--21 Explorer (FUSE) satellite, 267 Deutsch, Armin, 95 10 Chandrasekhar limit, 46, diffusion of elements, 95, Faulkner, John, 252 255, 265 186 Fernie, Donald, 169 chaos, 68, 167 Digges, Thomas, 2 FK Comae stars, 88 charts, 51 discovery of variable stars, 55 flare stars, 58, 224--7 Christy, Robert, 182 distance, stellar, 23, 38 Fleming, Williamina, 29 classification Doppler effect, 21, 33--4, Fourier analysis, 64--5, 117 of stars, 29 Doppler imaging, 91, 124 Fourier decomposition, 64 of variable stars 7 DOV stars, 195--6, 197--8 FU Orionis stars, 289--91 CLEAN, 64 Draper, Henry, 6 fusion reactions, 39 Clement, Christine, 77, 161, dwarf Cepheids, 73, 183 174 dwarf novae, 229, 239--43 GAIA (satellite), 24, 59, 124, colour index, 28 dynamo effect, 43 319

346 Index

galactic star clusters, 17, 154 Herschel, John, 3, 6, 222 infra-red astronomy, 10, 22, galaxies, 18 Herschel, William, 3, 223, 23, 26, 159, 171, 211, galaxy clusters, 19 321, 329 215--16, 233, 313--14, 317 GALEX satellite, 226--7 Hertzsprung, Ejnar, 154 Infra-Red Astronomical Satellite Galileo, 3 Hertzsprung progression, 151 (IRAS),10 gamma Cassiopiae stars: see Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), Be stars (HRD), 36--8, 44, 72, 142, 10 gamma Doradus stars, 138, 157, 165, 185, 196, 201, initial mass function (IMF), 185, 187 281, 306 42 gamma-ray astronomy, 11, HETE-2 satellite, 271 interferometry, 319 26, 270 Hevelius, Johannes, 219 intermediate polars, 245 gamma-ray bursters (GRBs), Hewish, Anthony, 97 International 270--2, 320 High-Energy Astronomical Amateur-Professional Garcia Diaz, Francisco, 267 Observatory B (HEAO-B, Photoelectric Gemini Observatory, 56 ‘‘Einstein”) satellite, 10, Photometry (IAPPP), 90 General Catalogue of Variable 131 International Astronomical Stars (GCVS), 60, 76, 106 Hill, Graham, 117 Union (IAU), 60--1 giant molecular clouds, 41 Hind, John Russell, 223, 239, Commissions 27 and 42, globular star clusters, 17, 76, 294 60--1, 78, 106 154, 174, 328 HIPPARCOS satellite, 24, 59, International Ultraviolet Goodricke, John, 3, 4, 7, 120, 163, 179, 200, 210, 214, Explorer (IUE) satellite, 125, 147, 321, 329 325 10, 156 gravitational lenses, 274 history of variable star interstellar material, 39 gravitational radiation, 99, astronomy, 1--13 Irwin, John, 148, 154 250 Helen Sawyer Hogg: see Hogg gravity darkening, 115 Hoffmeister, Cuno, 278 James Webb Space Telescope, Greek astronomy, 1 Holwarda, Johann, 219 278 Guinan, Edward, 86 horizontal-branch stars, 43 Jones, Albert, 283 Guthnick, Paul, 8, 93, 97 Hubble, Edwin, 19, 20, 154, Joy, Alfred, 278 327 Julian date, 49 Hands-On Astrophysics, 326 Hubble-Sandage variables, Harm,¨ Richard, 166 309 Karovska, Margarita, 219 Harvard College Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Keck telescopes, 11, 56 5, 6 11, 56, 59, 149, 156, 258, Keenan, Philip, 29 heliocentric correction, 49 320 Kellman, Edith, 29 helioseismology, 145--6 Hulse, Russell, 99 Kepler, Johannes, 2, 256 helium star, 132 hypergiant variables, 304--12 Kepler (satellite), 135 Henry Draper (HD) Catalogue, hypernovae, 270 Kholopov, P.N., 278 29, 75 Kirchoff’s Laws, 26 Herbig, George, 278, 291 Iben, Icko, 165 Kitt Peak National Herbig-Haro objects, 291 image subtraction method, Observatory (KPNO), 56 Herbig Ae/Be stars, 291--2 54 Konkoly Observatory, 55, 74 Herbst, William, 283 Information Bulletin on Variable Kopal, Zdenek, 117 Herschel, Caroline, 329 Stars (IBVS), 60, 74 Kraft, Robert, 247

Index 347

La, Lb variables, 205 Maunder minimum, 82 P Cygni line profiles, 263, Lagrangian surfaces, points, Maury, Antonia, 29 308 108, 110, 228 maxima of variable stars, 62 Palitzch, Johann, 4, 120 lambda Bootis stars, 93, 186 Mayall, Margaret, 5 Palomar Observatory, 56, 257 least-squares period analysis, Mercator telescope, 57 parallax, 23, 24 66 metallic-line stars, 92 Parenago, P.P., 278 Leavitt, Henrietta, 5, 147, 153 Michaud, Georges, 95 Patterson, Joseph, 247, 323 light curve, 62 Microvariability and Oscillations Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia, 5 light-curve synthesis, 117 of Stars (MOST) satellite, period, 63, 112, 284 light-time effect, 70 11, 33, 59, 78--80, 135, period analysis, 63--8 limb-darkening, 115 146, 192, 300, 319 period changes, 63--8, 112, line-profile variables, 200--2, Mira stars, 209--18, 328 149, 163, 169--70, 176, 299 model, of star, 38--40, 44, 184, 187, 206, 219, 326 Loreta, E., 317 144, 182 period fluctuations, 70, 219 luminous blue variables Morgan, William, 29 periodogram, 65 (LBV), 305--11 Moscow State University, 55, Petersen diagram, 152--3 76 PG 1159-035 stars: see DOV M31, 6, 19, 57, 148, 154, 230, Mount John University stars 257 Observatory, 313 phase, 63--4 M33, 20, 148, 230 multiperiodicity, 68 photoelectric effect, 52 M81, 231, 267 photometry MACHO (massive compact nebular variables, 278 CCD, 53--4, 323 halo object) survey, 12, neutrino observatories, 256 differential, 53 57, 124, 148, 301 neutron stars, 46, 329, see high-speed, 233 Magellanic Cloud, 157, 199, also pulsars photoelectric, 8, 52--3, 90 214, 220, 230 New Catalogue of Suspected photographic, 6, 52 Large, 6, 19, 57, 76, 172, Variable Stars (NSV),76 visual, 50 200, 209, 268, 301 nova-like variables, 229, photosphere, stellar, 28 Small, 6, 19, 57, 76, 148, 243 Pickering, Edward, 5, 6, 7, 153 novae, 229--38 29, 322, 329 magnetars, 100 Piggott, Edward, 3, 4, 147, magnetic fields, 82, 190, 227 oblique-pulsator model, 190 321 magnitude oblique-rotator model, 95 Planck’s Law, 28 absolute, 24 (O-C) method, 69--71, 99 planetary nebula nucleus, apparent, 22 O’Keefe, John, 317 111, 195 bolometric, 25 Olcott, William, 322 planetesimals, 41 photographic, 22 Optical Gravitational Lensing Pogson’s method of bisected visual, 22 Experiment (OGLE), 57, chords, 62 main sequence, 36 124, 148 polarimetry, 55, 299 mass loss, 112, 150, 286, Orbiting Astronomical polars, 245, 247, 249 308--9 Observatory (OAO) 2 and 3, populations, stellar, 19, 21, mass-luminosity relation, 38, 10 174, 231 45 Oriental astronomy, 2 power spectrum, 65 Mattei, Janet A., v, 325 Orion population, 278 precession, 15

348 Index

pre-main-sequence stars, ROSAT (Röntgen Satellite),11 152, 170, 178, 208, 213, 278--95 rotating variable stars, 7, 33, 234, 279, 298 models, 292--4 81--102 spectrum binary star, 17 Preston, George, 85 rotation, stellar, 33 Spitzer Space Telescope,10 prominences, solar, 84 RR Lyrae stars, 70, 140, 142, SRa,b variables, 205, 217 proper motion, 21 154, 165, 173--82, 328 SRc variables, 217--23 Puckett, Tim, 257 double-mode, 177 stars pulsars, 10, 47, 96--102, 319 RS Canum Venaticorum absolute magnitude, 24 pulsating variable stars, 8, variable stars, 8, 73, apparent magnitude 22 35, 136--223 88--91, 111 binary, 15--16 pulsation Rucinski, Slavek, 117, 124 clusters, 17 mechanisms, 139--44, RU Lupi stars, 283 colour, 27 181 RV Tauri stars, 71, 164--5, composition, 32 modes, 136--8 167--72 death, 45 pulsation constant, 139, 156 RY Lupi stars, 283 distance, 23, 38 Purkinje effect, 50 RZ Leonis stars, 242 evolution, 43--5, 144, 158, 165--6, 173--4, quasars, 273 S Doradus stars, 305 180--1 quasi-periodic oscillations (of Sawyer Hogg, Helen, 5, 77, diameter, 31 CVs), 246 174 formation, 39--42 Schwarzschild, Karl, 147 luminosity, 24--5 R Coronae Borealis stars, Schwarzschild, Martin, 166 masses, 25 312--18 Secchi, Angelo, 126, 298, 302 motions, 21--2, 178 radial velocity, 34, 36 self-correlation analysis, 66, multiple, 15--16 radio astronomy, 10, 26, 215 284 names, 15 rapidly-oscillating Ap (roAp) semi-detached binaries, 110, optical doubles, 15 stars, 190--2 121--2 positions, 14 recurrent novae, 229, 238--9 Shapley, Harlow, 8, 147, 154 radial velocity, 34 red giants, 43, 328 shell stars, 297 rotation, 33 red giants, pulsating, 8, 58, Shelton, Ian, 268 spectra, 26 203--17 shock waves, 140, 170, 176, structure, 38 red supergiants, 43, 217--23 211, 215 temperature, 28 reﬂection effect, 116 sigma Librae stars, 205 stars, individual; see also Reuven Ramaty High-Energy SIMBAD, 77--8 Tables 4.1-9.1 Solar Spectroscopic Imager SK Arietis stars, 42 AC And, 149 (RHESSI) satellite, 227 slowly-pulsating B (SPB) stars, AC Her, 71 Ritter, Arthur, 8 200--1 AG Car, 306 robotic telescopes, 59 solar cycles, 82--4 AG Dra, 127 Roche lobes, 108--10 speckle interferometry, 26 AI Com, 239 ROTSE project, 57 spectral synthesis, 31 AI Phe, 118--19 Royal Astronomical Society spectroscopic binary star, 17, Algol, 8, 120, 122, 132 of Canada, 321 26 α Cen, 132, 146 Royal Astronomical Society spectroscopy, astronomical, α Cen C, 225 of New Zealand (RASNZ), 6, 26--7, 29, 30, 35, 54--5, α-2 CVn, 8, 96 52, 321

Index 349

α Cyg, 304 Gliese 876, 135 T Ori, 292 α Eri, 300 GW Vir, 197--8 T Pyx, 236, 238 α Ori (Betelgeuse), 218, HD 63433, 87 T Tau, 291, 294--5 221--2, 326 HD 163868, 300 TZ For, 118 α UMi: see Polaris HD 177230, 305 U Gem, 233, 239 α Vir, 107 HD 209458, 134--5 U Mon, 172--3 AW UMa, 123 HDE 226868, 47 U Sco, 238 AX Per, 254 HL Tau 76, 194, 291 UX Tau, 290 β Hya, 146 HR Car, 306 UZ Lib, 88 β Lyr, 73, 121, 125, 132 HR Del (Nova Del 1967), V Vul, 71 β Per: see Algol 75, 232 V394 CrA, 238 BL Lac, 273 IM Peg, 90--1 V410 Tau, 282 BW Vul, 206, 328 κ-1 Cet, 33 V444 Cyg, 303 BY Dra, 91 KH 15D, 287 V509 Cas, 312 CI Cyg, 127 Mira, 210, 219--20 V603 Aql, 229 CX Dra, 298 µ Ara, 146 V605 Aql, 317 δ Cep, 147, 149, 151, 326 µ Cep, 218, 222 V628 Cas, 292 DI Cru, 303 o And, 299 V710 Tau, 290 DK Tau, 282 o Cet: see Mira V725 Sgr, 166 DM Vir, 118 P Cyg, 305, 307 V745 Sco, 238 DO Eri, 94, 193 PG 1159-035: see GW Vir V838 Mon, 275--6, 317, DQ Her, 246 PG 1219 + 534, 203 328 EG And, 253 π Aqr, 300 V919 Sco, 303 EP Lyr, 71 Polaris, 149, 162--3, 329 V1057 Cyg, 289--90 Aur, 121, 127, 129--30 ψ Ori, 107 V1500 Cyg (Nova Cyg Lyr, 15 Procyon, 46, 146 1975), 230 Per, 200--2 R Dor, 68 V1515 Cyg, 289--90 UMa, 97 ρ Cas, 149, 311--12 V1974 Cyg (Nova Cyg η Aql, 147, RS CVn, 88 1992), 237 η Boo, 146 RS Oph, 238 V3890 Sgr, 238 η Car, 259, 305, 308--10 RU Cam, 169--70 V4334 Sgr, 317 η Cha, 285 RV Tau, 71, 171 VV Cep, 126 EU Del, 63, 65, 67 RW Aur, 283 VY Tau, 290 EZ CMa, 303 78 Vir, 93 VZ Cet, 219 EX Lup, 290 S And, 257 W Ser, 132 51 Peg, 133 σ Ori E, 92 XPer,131 FG Sge, 317 Sirius, 15, 46 XX Pyx, 184 FG Vir, 184, 188--9 SN 1987A, 256, 268--9 YY Gem, 91, 225 FK Com, 88 SS Cyg, 240--1, 244 Z UMa, 208 FU Ori, 289--90 ST Pup, 166 ζ Aur, 128 FY CMa, 297 SX Crv, 123 ζ Gem, 149 γ Cas, 6, 298, 302--3 SZ Lyn, 70 starspots, 82, 116 γ Dor, 187 T Cha, 283 Stebbins, Joel, 8, 93 γ -2 Vel, 303 T CrB, 238, 253 Stefan-Boltzmann Law, 31, 37

350 Index

Stibbs, D.W.B., 95 U Geminorum stars, 241, Walker, Merle, 247 string-length period analysis, 249, 252 Walraven photometric 64 UBV photometric system, system, 28, 155, 161, 178, Stromgren¨ photometric 22--3, 28 180 system, 28 UHURU satellite, 10, 131 wavelet analysis, 67--8 Struve, Otto, 278 ultra-violet astronomy, 10, Welch, Douglas, 159 SU Ursae Majoris stars, 242, 26, 219, 233 white dwarfs, 43, 45, 249, 252 University of Toronto, 60, 58 subdwarf B stars, 201--3 268 Whole Earth Telescope, sun, 82--4, 319, 328 UV Ceti stars: see flare stars 197 sun-like stars, 84--8 UX Ursae Majoris stars, 243 Wien’s Law, 28 supermassive black hole, 19 Willson, Lee Anne, 215 supernovae, 2, 255--70, variability, statistical criteria Wilson, Olin, 85 319--20, 328 for, 61 Wilson, Robert, 117 surveys, 319 variable stars WIRE (Wide-field Infra-Red classification, 259, 263 analysis, 61--71 Explorer) satellite, 59, composition, 263 bibliography, 76--9 97 discovery, 256 certification, 74 Wolf-Rayet stars, 111, 133, distribution, 261 classification, 71--4 301--4 frequency, 261 discovery, 55--60 Wood, D.B., 117 luminosity, 260 nomenclature, 74--6 WZ Sagittae stars, 242 mechanism, 265--7 study, 55--60 remnants, 267 surveys, 55--9 X-ray astronomy, 10, 26, 47, spectra, 263 variable stars, individual: see 88, 224, 248, 267, 282 variability, 259 stars, individual X-ray binaries, 47, 121, SWIFT satellite, 271--2 Vaughan, Arthur, 85 128--32 SX Phoenicis stars, 183, Vereniging voor Cyg X1, 131 186--7 Sterrenkunde (Belgium), Sco X1, 131 symbiotic stars, 119, 124--6, 322 XMM-Newton satellite,11 253--5 vision: see photometry, visual symbiotic novae, 254 visual binary stars, 16, 103 Yale Catalogue of Bright Stars, visual photometry: see 75 T Chamaeleontis stars, 283 photometry, visual YY Ori stars, 286 T Tauri variable stars, 18, VLA (Very Large Array), 10 279--89, 329 VLT (Very Large Telescope), Z Andromedae stars: see TASS (The Amateur Sky 11, 139 symbiotic stars Survey), 58 Vogel, Herman, 7 Z Camelopardalis variable Taylor, Joseph, 99 VV Cep stars, 126--8 stars, 241--2, 249, 252 temperature, stellar, 28, VY Sculptoris stars, 244 Zeeman effect, 94 31 Zhevakin, S.A., 141 thermonuclear fusion, 39 W Ursae Majoris variable Zwicky, Fritz, 257 time-series analysis, 64 stars, 107, 122-- ZZ Ceti variable stars, 193-- transformation, photometric, W Virginis stars, 164, see also 6 53 Cepheids, Population II ZZ Leporis stars, 195