DOCSLIB.ORG

(Nga) En Die On1wikkeling Van Sw Art Plaaslike Regering

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Nga) En Die On1wikkeling Van Sw Art Plaaslike Regering NIE-GEWELDDADIGE AKSIE (NGA) EN DIE ON1WIKKELING VAN SWART PLAASLIKE REGERING : 'N IIlSTORIES-KRITIESE ONTLEDING - 1982 TOT 1994 deur PETRUS JACOBUS VIVIER DU TOIT voorge1e luidens die vereistes vir die graad DOCTOR LITTERARUM ET PIDLOSOPHIAE in die vak ONTWIKKELINGSADMINISTRASIE aan die UNIVERSITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKA PROMOTOR: PROF F C DE BEER NOVEMBER 1995 (i) VOORWOORD Elke mens moet horn onderwerp aan die owerhede wat oor horn gestel is. (Romeine 13: 1) Dit was 'n besondere ervaring om 'n proefskrif te skryf oor plaaslike regering in 'n land waar onderwerping aan die owerhede vir baie jare bepaalde, eiesoortige knelpunte opgelewer het. Naas my opregte dank teenoor ons Hemelse Vader vir die geleentheid my gegun om hierdie navorsing onverhinderd te kon voltooi, wil ek graag die volgende persone en instansies bedank sonder wie se hulp en ondersteuning die mylpaal nie bereik kon word nie. * My promotor prof. Frik de Beer vir sy deeglike leiding en vriendelike hulp wat my deurgaans beskore was. * My kollegas van die Gauteng Provinsiale Regering (voorheen Transvaalse Provinsiale Administrasie) vir hulle ondersteuning en aanmoediging. * Die Gauteng Provinsiale Regering en die voormalige Transvaalse Provinsiale Administrasie vir finansiele ondersteuning. * Die Instituut vir Eietydse Geskiedenis aan Die Universiteit van die Oranje Vrystaat vir besondere moeite met die verkryging van spesifieke navorsingsmateriaal. * Die Unisa argiefpersoneel vir hulle hulp. * Mev. llrkia Bierman vir haar toegewydheid in die proeflees van die manuskrip. * Mevv. Fransie Badenhorst en Gillian Jooste vir die netjiese en korrekte wyse waarop hul die tikwerk afgehandel het. * Laastens, 'n baie spesiale woord van dank en waardering aan my vrou Cora vir haar liefde, aanmoediging en eindelose ure van "alleen wees" terwyl daar gewerk moes word. PRETORIA, November 1995 P JV du Toit (ii) Aan die dienaars van plaaslike regering (iii) OPSOMMING Suid-Afrika het as gevolg van apartheid vir etlike dekades oor 'n gedeeltelik legitieme plaaslike regeringstelsel beskik. Die probleem is dat die land se apartheidsregering afsonderlike stelsels vir blankes en swartes in aparte woongebiede in stand gehou het, welke beleid vir meeste Suid-Afrikaners onaanvaarbaar was. Swart plaaslike owerhede wat swart plaaslike regering moes bedryf, was n6g polities n6g ekonomies lewensvatbaar. Die rede hiervoor is dat hul enersyds deur die gemeenskap verwerp is en andersyds nie voldoende inkomstebronne gehad het om plaaslike owerheidsdienste finansieel onafhanklik te lewer nie. Stedelike swart gemeenskappe was aan 'n, vir hulle, onaanvaarbare apartheidsgestruktureerde swart plaaslike regeringstelsel onderworpe. Swart plaaslike owerhede was voorts as gevolg van hul ekonomiese nie-lewensvatbaarheid, gekniehalter in die lewering van plaaslike owerheidsdienste asook die daarstelling en instandhouding van kapitale ontwikkelingsprojekte. Stedelike swartes was dus blootgestel aan gebrekkige dienslewering in aparte, onderontwikkelde "slaapdorpe" waar hulle noodgedwonge moes woon. 'n Vraag waarna gevolglik gekyk word, fokus op die kenmerke van 'n ideeel­ tipiese model van plaaslike regering wat die gedeeltelik legitieme stelsel behoort te vervang. As gevolg van die onaanvaarbaarheid van die swart plaaslike regeringstelsel was swart plaaslike owerhede sedert die vroee tagtigerjare die teikens van aksioniste teen hierdie apartheidsproduk. Aksioniste het nie-gewelddadige aksie (NGA), geskoei op die Gandhiaanse filosofie en metodiek van Satyagraha, aangewend ten einde swart plaaslike owerhede te vernietig. NGA (wat dikwels ook tot gewelddadigheid gelei het), het tot gevolg gehad dat die owerheid later noodgedwonge 'n nuwe plaaslike regeringstelsel vir die totale Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, met alle deelvennote moes beding. Onderhandelings het vervolgens meegebring dat 'n oorgangsproses na legitieme (demokratiese) plaaslike regering vir alle Suid-Afrikaners ingevolge die Oorgangswet op Plaaslike Regering, 1993 (Wet No. 209 van 1993) geaktiveer is. In hierdi~ proefskrif is gevolglik vasgestel: (1) welke invloed die politieke bedeling (apartheidsbedeling) op die ontwikkeling van stedelike swart gemeenskappe en die bedryf van swart plaaslike regering gehad het; (2) wat die aard en effek van NGA op die ontwikkeling van swart plaaslike regering was; en (3) hoe geldig die onderhandelde plaaslike regeringstelsel is, vergeleke met die ideeel-tipiese model wat ge"identifiseer is. (iv) SUMMARY As a result of apartheid South Africa possessed a partially legitimate local government system for several decades. The problem is that the country's apartheid government maintained separate systems for whites and blacks in separate residential areas, a policy that was unacceptable to the majority of South Africans. Black local authorities who had to maintain black local government were neither politically nor economically viable because they were rejected by the community and lacked sufficient sources of revenue to render financially independent local government services. Urban black communities were subject to what, for them, was an unacceptable apartheid-structured black local government system. Black local authorities were also prevented by their economic non­ viability from delivering local government services effectively and from instituting and maintaining capital development projects. Urban blacks were therefore subjected to poor service delivery in separate, underdeveloped "dormitory towns" where they were forced to live. An issue to be considered in this regard concerns the characteristics of an ideal-typical model of local government that should replace this partially legitimate system. As a result of the unacceptability of the black local government system local authorities became the targets of activists who waged a campaign against this product of apartheid since the early eighties. Activists used non-violent action (NV A), based on the Gandhian principle of Satyagraha, to destroy black local authorities. As a result of NVA (which often led to violence) the central government was eventually forced .to negotiate a new local government system for the whole of South African society with all stakeholders. Negotiations led to a process of transition to legitimate (democratic) local government for all South Africans as promulgated in the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act No. 209 of I 993). Consequently the following has been established in this thesis: (1) the influence of the political dispensation (apartheid dispensation) on the development of urban black communities and the maintenance of black local government; (2) the nature and the effect of NV A on the development of black local government; and (3) how valid the negotiated local government system is, compared to the identified ideal-typical model. (v) LIST OF KEY TERMS Local government Non violent action (NVA) Apartheid Black local government Negotiations Urban blacks Dormitory towns Local government systems Centralisation Decentralisation Delegation Devolution Mass mobilisation Community struggle Ungovernability Organs of people's power CODESA I CODESA II Multiparty negotiations Legitimate (democratic) local government (vi) INHOUDSOPGAWE BLADSY VOORWOORD (i) OPSOMMING (iii) SUMMARY (iv) HOOFSTUK 1: INLEIDING 1 1 AGTERGROND 1 1.1 Relevansiering van NGA tot swart plaaslike regering ...") 2 PROBLEEMSTELLING ") 3 DOELSTELLINGS VAN DIE STUDIE 3 4 METODE VAN ONDERSOEK 4 5 UITEENSETTING VAN PROEFSKRIF 9 6 PLAASLIKE REGERING 10 6.1 Dekonsentrasie. delegasie, devolusie en desentralisasie 11 7 NIE-GEWELDDADIGE AKSIE (NGA) 17 ENDNOTAS 20 HOOFSTUK 2: PLAASLIKE REGERING : TEORETIESEAGTERGROND 24 I INLEIDING 24 (vii) INHOUDSOPGAWE (Vervolg) BLADSY 2 SENTRALISASIE, DESENTRALISASIE, DEKONSENTRASIE EN DEVOLUSIE 25 2.1 Sentralisasie 25 .........") ") Desentralisasie 26 3 PLAASLIKE REGERINGSTELSELS 29 3.1 Inleiding 29 3.2 Modelle 30 3.2.1 Die relatiewe outonome model 30 3.2.2 Die agentskapsmodel 30 3.2.3 Die interaksiemodel 31 3.3 Die Britse stelsel van plaaslike regering 32 3.3.l Samevatting 33 3.4 Plaaslike regering in Europa 33 3.4.1 Suidelike Europa 34 3.4.2 Noordelike Europa 35 3.4.3 Oostelike Europa 36 3.5 Plaaslike regering in die VSA 37 3.5.l Die "Council-Manager" stelsel 37 3.5.2 Die "Mayor-Council (Strong-Mayor)" stelsel 37 3.5.3 Die Kommissiestelsel 38 3.6 Plaaslike regering in Afrika 38 3.6.1 Zimbabwe 38 3.6.2 Zambie 39 3.6.3 Nigerie 41 3.6.4 Kenia 41 3.7 Samevatting 43 4 EIENSKAPPE VAN PLAASLIKE OWERHEDE 43 5 FUNKSIES VAN PLAASLIKE OWERHEDE 45 5.1 In lei ding 45 5.2 Meerdoelige en enkeldoelige plaaslike owerhede 47 5.3 Klassifisering van universele plaaslike owerheidsdienste 48 5.3.1 Beskermingsdienste 49 5.3.2 Gemeenskapsdienste (Omgewingsdienste) 50 5.3.3 Basiese (essensiele) dienste 51 (viii) INHOUDSOPGAWE (Vervolg) BLADSY 5.3.4 Ingenieursdienste 51 5.3.5 Gesondheidsdienste 52 5.3.6 Persoonlike dienste 52 5.3.7 Handelsdienste 52 5.4 Addisionele plaaslike owerheidsdienste 53 6 'N IDEEEL-TIPIESE MODEL VAN PLAASLIKE REGERING 54 6.1 lnleiding 54 6.2 Kenmerke van 'n ideeel-tipiese, outonome model van plaaslike regering 54 6.3 Basiese eienskappe van plaaslike owerhede 55 6.4 Plaaslike owerheidsdienste 56 6.5 'n Ideeel-tipiese. outonome model van plaaslike regering 57 7 SAMEVAITING 58 ENDNOTAS 60 HOOFSTIJK 3: NIE-GEWELDDADIGE AK.SIB (NGA) AS 'N METODE OM VERANDERING AF TE OWING : FILOSOFIE EN METODIEK 65 I INLEIDING 65 2 ONDERLIGGENDE ALOSOAE EN BEWEEGREDES VIR NIE-GEWELDDADIGE AKSIE (NGA) 66 2.1 Samevatting 73 3 TOEPASSING VAN SATYAGRAHA : INDIE EN
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MICA-DEC-ENG-FINAL.Pdf
    CONTENTS VOL-15 ISSUE -12 Editor N.K. Jain Advisors Neeraj Chabra K.C.Gupta Registered Office Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. NOBEL 103, Pragatideep Building, Plot No. 08, Laxminagar, PRIZE District Centre, New Delhi - 110092 TIN-09350038898 2019 w.e.f. 12-06-2014 Branch Office Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. E-42,43,44, Sector-7, Noida (U.P.) For queries regarding Interview 5 promotion, distribution & Current Affairs - One Liner 6-9 advertisement, contact:- [email protected] Spotlight 10 Ph.: 09208037962 The People 11-15 Owned, printed & published by News Bites 16-45 N.K. Jain Word of English - Etymology 46 103, Pragatideep Building, Plot No. 08, Laxminagar, Nobel Prize 2019 47-55 District Centre, New Delhi - 110092 Designation : Who's Who 56 Please send your suggestions and grievances to:- Quiz Time - General Awareness 60-67 Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. UPSSSC Lower Subordinate Exam 2019 68-82 CP-9, Vijayant Khand, Gomti Nagar Lucknow - 226010 CRP PO Mains - Model Paper 2019 83-113 E-mail:[email protected] © Copyright Reserved # No part of this issue can be printed in Subscription form is on Pg 57 whole or in part without the written permission of the publishers. # All the disputes are subject to Delhi jurisdiction only. Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. Editorial “This power of democracy is a matter of pride for our country, something which we must always cherish, preserve and further strengthen.” Atal Bihari Vajpayee Dear Aspirants, We feel delighted to present to you the "December 2019" edition of "Master In Current Affairs". MICA is a comprehensive magazine focused on both the intellectual and competitive nature of learning.
    [Show full text]
  • 00 Copertina DEP N.39 2019
    Numero 39 – Gennaio 2019 Numero miscellaneo Issue 39 – January 2019 Miscellaneous Issue ISSN: 1824-4483 DEP 39 Numero miscellaneo Indice Introduzione/Introduction p. 1 Ricerche Arianna Ceschin, “ Sento che occorre un mutamento nel paesaggio”: viaggio nel giornalismo degli anni cinquanta di Anna Maria Ortese p. 4 Alessandra Trevisan, “Bisogna che ci vogliamo un po’ bene”. Anna Maria Ortese e la casa editrice Pellicanolibri di Beppe Costa, con un carteggio d’autrice p. 15 Veronica Stefani, L’urlo di FEMEN. I primi dieci anni dello sextremism nella lotta femminista contemporanea p. 31 Marta Sottoriva, L’eredità dimenticata: l’umanesimo democratico radicale di Ella Baker p. 57 Documenti Ruth First: le campagne giornalistiche sudafricane 1947-1963 , a cura di Anna Scandolin p. 82 “Lamenti di pietà”: poesie e drammi pacifisti di Margaret Sackville (1915-1920) a cura di Bruna Bianchi p. 123 Vernon Lee, La musica di Natale di Bach in Inghilterra e in Germania , 1915 Traduzione di Egle Costantino, cura di Bruna Bianchi p. 145 Vernon Lee, Satana il distruttore , parte prima Traduzione di Egle Costantino, cura di Bruna Bianchi p. 149 Interviste Al servizio delle donne in Himalaya. Intervista con Radha Bhatt a cura di Chiara Corazza p. 168 Strumenti di ricerca-Donne umanitarie Sara Valentina Di Palma, Matilde Cassin. Una vita tra Sionismo, Resistenza ed educazione giovanile p. 174 Recensioni, interventi, resoconti Sara Valentina Di Palma, Ricordi Emilia? Lei e gli altri bambini laggiù, nella Shoah p. 177 Anna Paola Moretti, Considerate che avevo quindici anni. Il diario di prigionia di Magda Minciotti tra Resistenza e deportazione (S. Lunadei) p.
    [Show full text]
  • Gandhiji's Historic Padayatra in Odisha
    Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 Gandhiji's Historic Padayatra in Odisha Balabhadra Ghadai ahatma Gandhi was a humanist and country. The beginning of Gandhiji’s protest Mradical revivalist who fought not only against untouchability had a wonderful against colonialism and imperialism of response in Odisha. Gandhiji’s ‘fast unto foreigners but also fought against casteism, death’ in protest against ‘Communal Award religious hatred, superstitious practices, of August 1932’ was one of the most social oppression, economic exploitation etc. with equal vigour and dynamism. To him, the institution of untouchability was the “the most painful and difficult social problem, with history has ever cursed the civilized people. Moreover he argued the removal of untouchability as ‘key to Swaraj’. By Swaraj he did not simply mean liberation from foreign rule but it was a society free from all injustice and exploitation. The incorporation of removal of untouchability in the constructive programme of the National successful actions of his life which aroused Congress by Mahatma Gandhi made it a great anxiety in the millions in Odisha. The national concern and gave impetus to the Congress workers engaged themselves in uplift of the depressed classes all over the removal of untouchability in the state. The OCTOBER - 2019 65 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 Harijan movement which he started under and Tarun Sahitya Samaj together with the banner of constructive programmes in purses of Rs.400 and Rs. 21 respectively. Odisha occupies a special place in the social Gandhiji felt, ‘the Harijan Movement history of modern India. Gandhiji visited is religious by nature. All great religions owe Odisha eight times.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Please Post in Your Temple
    ISKCON - The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (Founder Acharya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada) 2018 Newsletter WORLDWIDE PLEASE POST IN YOUR TEMPLE Harer nama harer nama harer namaiva kevalam kalau nasty eva nasty eva nasty eva gatir anyatha " In this age of quarrel and hypocrisy, the only means of deliverance is the chanting of the holy name of the Lord. There is no other way. There is no other way. There is no other way." Brhan-naradiya Puraṇa[38.126] Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare ataeva saba phala deha’ yāre tāre khāiyā ha-uk loka ajara amare Distribute this Krishna consciousness movement all over the world. Let people eat these fruits [of love of God] and ultimately become free from old age and death. Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu (CC, Adi-lila 9-39) Table Of Contents Editorial 1 by Lokanath Swami The Padayatra Ministry is recruiting 3 Why do I love padayatra? 4 by Gaurangi Dasi Padayatra Worldwide Ministry and Website 6 Voices of worldwide padayatris 7 Prabhupada on his morning walk 24th Czech padayatra 14 by Nrsimha Caitanya Dasa This newsletter is dedicated to ISKCON Founder-Acarya, Highlights of the 2017 All India Padayatra 17 His Divine Grace by Acarya Dasa A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. The Andhra Pradesh/Telangana padayatra 20 by Visnuswami Dasa “I am glad to learn that in Philadelphia they are increasing sankirtana. It is Bhaktimarga Swami’s walk across the US 21 our life and soul. Sankirtana should be increased as much as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • And the Environment Resistance, Social Change
    Resistance, Social Change, and the Environment Introduction Environment is one of the key sites of global social change, with environ- mental activist groups seeking to draw attention to the effects of specific practices on the environment, and subsequently seeking to impact policy making and practices that shape the environment (Castells, 1996, 1997, 1998; della Porta & Diani, 2006; Rootes, 2004; Sklair, 1995). In our discus- sion of the politics of resistance in this chapter, we will specifically focus on global social change movements that emphasize local participation and processes of change, situated amidst the broader backdrop of claims making and presentation of arguments that seek to impact the realms of policy making and programming. Drawing upon examples from the global North as well as from the South, we will particularly examine the ways in which social change processes are constituted amidst policy frameworks and articulations across various global spaces. We will attend to the discursive pro- Chapter cesses and strategies through which resistive efforts Four of transforming environmental policies are played out. The voices of resistance weaved together in this 137 138 Resistance, Social Change, and the Environment chapter create opportunities for engaging in dialogue with alternative rationalities for organizing the environment and, more importantly, the knowledge about the environment. In the voices of resistance to the global politics of the environment, entry points are created for disrupting the monolithic narratives of global policies that are dictated by the powerful influences of transnational cor- porations (TNCs) in shaping global, national, and local environmental policies (Pezzullo, 2004; Rootes, 2002a, 2002b; Sklair, 1995; Smith, 2002; Yearley, 1994, 1996; Yearley & Forrester, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Democracy Through Nonviolence
    WORKSHOP DOCUMENT The Workshop Facilitators Strengthening Stuart Morton (UK) Democracy Thayaparan (Sri Lanka) Through Nonviolence Archana (Ind) Viv & Martha (USA) 9-18 December 2009 Venue Venue:Mahatma Gandhi Sewa Ashram, Joura, Morena SopAPA Document SECRETARIAT, Strengthening 2/3 BLOCK Democracy A, JANGPURA,Through Non-violence NIZAMUDDIN, NEW DELHI 110014 Phone; 011-24373998, Mobile: 91-9427700762 E-mail: [email protected] STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY THROUGH NON-VIOLENCE Our Peace Builders First Row: (From Left) Martha Kemper, Viv Hawkins, Sherlin, Archana, Piyush Second Row: (From Left) Nasir, Mrutunjay, Stuart, Vishwatma, Thayaparan, Ganga Last Row: From Left: Vijay Bharatiya, Nishanta, Ashik, Harendra, Kinzang, Benzi, and Sonam Workshop Document: Strengthening Democracy Through Non-violence Page 2 WORK SHOP DOCUMENT CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND : T HE CONTEXT OF THE WORKSHOP... ... ... ... ...... ...... ... ...... ... ...... ...... .... ..4 2. EXPLORING THE THEME: DEMOCRACY ... ... ... ...... ... ... ...... ...... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ..... ... 7 3. TRANSFORMING POWER ... POWER TO POWERLESS... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ...... ... ....... ...8 4. VIOLENCE & NON VIOLENCE ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ...... ... ...... ... ...... ...... 12 5. TOOLS FOR STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY THROUGH NON-VIOLENCE 15 i. ALTERNATIVES TO VIOLENCE ... ... ... ... ... ...... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ...... ... ...... ... 16 ii.PILLARS OF POWER ... ... ... ... ... ...... ...... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ... ..
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Activities of the Gandhi Study Circle (July 2017-April 2018)
    1 Report of the activities of the Gandhi Study Circle (July 2017-April 2018) 21 September 2017 In collaboration with Loktantrashala, School for Democracy, the Gandhi Study Circle organized a lecture by P.V. Rajagopal of Ekta Parishad on “Mahatma Gandhi and the Theory of Non-Violence”. P. V. Rajagopal spoke on the significance of training in the methods of non-violence all across the world and of the use of the padayatra as active non-violence. 2 9 October 2017 The month long Gandhi Jayanti celebrations coincided with the inauguration of the Kalavati Gupta Hostel. This event was marked by: a welcome song by the Equal Opportunities Cell; a bhajan by Vasundhara Raturi of B.A. (Hons) Music; the hymn “Abide with Me” by the Western Music Society; and the Ram Dhun by Alaap. Nivedita Tuli spoke on “Indraprastha College’s Gandhian Connection”, and drew attention to different aspects such as the charkha society of the college that began in 1943 under the aegis of the Social Service League, and functioned till 1948. 3 13 October 2017 In collaboration with Loktantrashala, School for Democracy, the Gandhi Study Circle organized a lecture on “Gandhi in the Contemporary World” by Rajni Bakshi. Rajni Bakshi spoke on the continuing relevance of Gandhi and the methods of non-violence in an increasingly violent world. “Gandhi in the Contemporary World” lecture by Rajni Bakshi 4 14 October 2017 A screening of excerpts from the movie “Gandhi” was held, followed by a discussion of the movie as well as on the article “The Gandhi Everyone Loves to Hate” by Vinay Lal.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Tank Irrigation Systems
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/128000 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-11 and may be subject to change. Neglect and Restoration of Minor rrigation Tanks in Krishna District, India A local-level case study of motivation, capacity and partnership interventions Haranath Tadepally Maruthibala Publishers Neglect and Restoration of Minor Irrigation Tanks in Krishna District, India A local-level case study of motivation, capacity and partnership interventions Verwaarlozing en herstel van kleinschalige irrigatie in Krishna district, India Een case study over motivates, capaciteit en partnerschap interventies op dorpsniveau een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Sociale Wetenschappen PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 30 augustus 1999 des namiddags om 3.30 uur door Haranath Tadepally geboren op 1 November 1956 in Tenali, Guntur, India Maruthibala Publishers, Nuzvid, India. Promotor: Prof. Dr. ir. W. T. de Groot Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. Dr. W.G. Wolters Prof. Dr. G. J. Huizer Dr. F. J. Schuurman This research has been sponsored by Oekumenisches Studienwerk e.V., Bochum, Germany. Neglect and Restoration of Minor Irrigation Tanks in Krishna District, India A local-level case study of motivation, capacity and partnership interventions A scientific essay in the Social Sciences Doctoral dissertation to obtain the degree of doctor from the University of Nijmegen according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Monday, 30th August 1999 at 3.30 pm by Haranath Tadepally born in Tenali, Guntur, India on 1st November, 1956.
    [Show full text]
  • MSP Will Continue, Says Govt; Talks with Farmers Again on Dec 5
    Page-1- 2_Layout 1 03-12-2020 23:33 Page 1 TOPDELHI, UP www.topstory.online STORYwww.topstorypaper.com www.facebook.com/topstorypaper DELHI, FRIDAY 04 DECEMBER 2020 VOL-07, ISSUE - 237, PAGES - 8, PRICE RS 2.00 Alia Bhatt: I've Seen A Lot Prepared to accept election Fernando Alonso to drive Of Hate; A Little Kindness defeat if it is 'accurate' 2020 Renault at end­of­ Can Take You A Long Way result, says Trump season Abu Dhabi test FILM PAGE­8 WORLD PAGE-7 SPORTS PAGE­6 3 DELHI Rajanikanth’s SC asks Delhi MSP will continue, says govt; govt about political entry and mechanism to cross-check the road ahead talks with farmers again on Dec 5 HIGHLIGHTS COVID-19 data n The govt assured group of nearly 40 farmer leaders that all n Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar, who n The top star, promising his their valid concerns would be discussed and considered with led the government side at the fourth round of talks brand of spiritual politics, dra­ 5 UP­STATE matically asserted that he an open mind, but the other side flagged several loopholes and at Vigyan Bhawan, later told reporters that the was even ready to risk his life SP hasn't deficiencies in the laws, which they said were passed hastily next meeting will take place on Saturday at 2 pm. for the sake of people's wel­ fare by making a foray into responded to New Delhi: tend further meetings if a politics. my call for alks between three solution is not given today n The 70­year old actor cate­ unity among union ministers by the government," said gorically said that his party and a representa- Pratibha Shinde, AIKSCC would fight Assembly elec­ socialist parties: Ttive group of thou- (All India Kishan Sangharsh tions in 2021 and "emerge Shivpal Yadav sands of agitating farmers Coordination Committee) victorious." Assembly elec­ failed to yield any resolution working group member and tions are due in Tamil Nadu on Thursday, as the union president of Lok Sangharsh Chennai: during April­May 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Modi's Predicament
    Modi’s Predicament (By N.T.Ravindranath) Social activist Anna Hazare started a padayatra of farmers from Palwal in Haryana on February 20, 2015 in protest against the land acquisition policy of the Modi government. Palwal is an historical place from where Mahatma Gandhi was once arrested by the British government in April 1919 during an agitation. Land acquisition was one of the major campaign issues during the recent assembly elections in Haryana. On reaching Palwal, Hazare had visited Gandhi‟s ashram in Palwal and had addressed a gathering of farmers from 17 states before flagging off his padayatra to Jantar Mantar in Delhi. Opposing the land acquisition ordinance, he had criticized the government for trying to acquire the farmers‟ land without their consent. He also announced that about 70 to 80 organizations would be participating in his two day agitation in Delhi on February 23d and 24th 2015. The padayatra programme was organized by the NGO Ekta Parishad. Deepak Goyal, Convener of Ekata Parishad, while talking to the media persons in Palwal had said that it was on their request that Anna Hazare had agreed to lead the Padayatra. Prominent leaders supporting the Padayatra include Ekta Parishad founder P.V.Rajagopal, former RSS ideologue Govindacharya, social activist Medha Patkar, Magsaysay award winners Rajendra Singh and Aruna Roy, swami Agnivesh, Arif Mohammad khan and self-proclaimed Gandhian Bal Vijay. Interestingly, two front organizations of the RSS, namely Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) and Bharatiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) have also extended their support to the agitation against the land acquisition bill. The BMS is also reportedly planning a satyagraha at all district headquarters to press for the implementation of its 10-point charter of demands, and may hold a separate protest programme at Jantar Mantar.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 16 Individual Initiatives
    UNIT 16 INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVES Structure 16.1 Introduction Aims and Objectives 16.2 Vinoba Bhave (1895-1982) 16.2.1 Improvement of Gandhian Philosophy 16.2.2 Resistance against Injustice 16.3 Bhoodan and Gramdan Movement 16.3.1 Shanti Sena 16.4 Jayprakash Narayan (1902-1979) 16.4.1 Contribution to Bhoodan and Gramdan Movement 16.4.2 Efforts for Internal and External Peace 16.4.3 Total Revolution 16.5 Martin Luther King (1929-1968) 16.5.1 Montgomery Bus Boycott (1956) 16.5.2 Birmingham Campaign (1963) 16.5.3 March on Washington (1963) 16.5.4 Conflict Resolution Strategy of Dr. King 16.6 Summary 16.7 Terminal Questions Suggested Readings 16.1 INTRODUCTION In this Unit we will to study the work done by three important persons – Vinoba Bhave, Jayprakash Narayan and Martin Luther King Jr. – to build and keep peace in their respective societies. All the three were influenced by the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi in varying degrees. All three initiated movements based on non-violence to achieve peace and justice. The nonviolent movements initiated by them were in societies where vertical conflict prevailed where the oppressed groups were trying to free themselves from the domination and where the parties involved were not equal. The movements initiated by them were peace keeping movements in that they tried to prevent conflict by attacking the root cause of the conflict. Through these they tried to bring about social change through socio-economic development and reconstruction. All three – Vinoba Bhave, Jayprakash Narayan and Martin Luther King Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging Youth in Transformative Social Movements Contents
    LAND AND NON-VIOLENCE ENGAGING YOUTH IN TRANSFORMATIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 1 JAIJAGAT2020:A GLOBALCAMPAIGN FORJUSTICEANDPEACE 7 2 JANADESH:PEOPLE´SVERDICT FOR A NATIONAL LAND REFORM 13 3 YOUTHCAMP:TRAINING ON NONVIOLENCE 19 4 GORURBAN 25 5 ANANT MANDI: ACOMMUNITYRUN INITIATIVE TO ORGANIZE AN ORGANIC FARMERS’ MARKET 31 6 ANSHHAPPINESSSOCIETY 37 7 CONSTITUTION ANDACTIVECITIZENSHIP 43 The contents of this work may be freely reproduced, translated, and distributed provided that attribution is given to the International Land Coalition, and the article’s authors and organisation. Unless otherwise noted, this work may not be utilised for commercial purposes. For more information, please contact [email protected] or go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Printed on recycled/FSC paper. Photos unless otherwise specified: Jason Taylor Design: Federico Pinci. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and the individuals interviewed for this report. They do not constitute official positions of ILC, its members or donors. LAND AND NON-VIOLENCE INTRODUCTION Youth are fresh, creative and have a big stake in building a better future. These initiatives range from marches, to campaigns, camps and trainings. When provided the adequate space for participation and opportunities to empower But they all have in common a strong engagement of youth, who are mobilised or themselves, youth are effective agents of change for shaping their own development are spontaneously coming together to generate change in the society they live in. and that of their communities. Youth engagement is crucial for achieving land rights. Additionally, all are based on an approach drawing from the principle of non-violence, in line with the philosophy guiding the work of Ekta Parishad.
    [Show full text]