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On the Ecology of Cromeria Occidentalis (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes)

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On the Ecology of Cromeria Occidentalis (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) 173 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 173-180, 5 fi gs., June 2006 © 2006 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 On the ecology of Cromeria occidentalis (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) Timo Moritz*, Ralf Britz** and K. Eduard Linsenmair* Cromeria occidentalis, a miniaturized gonorynchiform of up to 35 mm SL, occurs in the big river systems of West Africa: Niger, Benoué and Volta. It is a bottom dwelling fi sh that we collected on various substrates. We performed choice experiments in aquaria to test the substrate preference of this species. Although sand was preferred over coarse gravel, no substrate was chosen exclusively; surprisingly the naked glass bottom of the tank was preferred over all other substrates. Burrowing into the substrate is a very rare behaviour, at least under aquarium condi- tions. Cromeria occidentalis feeds on small particles, which are ingested by quick movements of the protractile jaws, or occasionally scraped from the substrate using keratinous unculi on the lips. Food particles are then concen- trated in the epibranchial organ situated between the fourth and fi fth gill arches. The intestinal tract of wild-caught specimens is about 1.5 times the body length and contained fi ne organic food particles that could not be identifi ed more specifi cally. Introduction Material and methods In the gonorynchiform genus Cromeria (Kneriidae) Fish sample data from 12 months of fi eld work two species are currently recognized: C. nilotica in West Africa between October 2003 and May from the Upper Nile basin and C. occidentalis from 2005 were used to characterize the natural envi- larger river basins of West Africa west of the Chad ronment, where C. occidentalis occurs. The most basin (Moritz et al., 2006). The two species of effective collecting technique was a 20 × 15 cm dip Cromeria were described 100 years and 50 years net with 1 mm mesh pulled along the bottom over ago, respectively, but with the exception of a distance of 1.5 to 2 meters, usually towards the d’Aubenton’s (1958) brief notes on the West river bank, but on a few occasions we collected African species, C. occidentalis, nothing is known C. occidentalis with a 12 m seine of 4 mm mesh on the ecology and general biology of Cromeria. size. Direct observations in the natural environ- The present paper provides details of the autecol- ment are virtually impossible due to low transpar- ogy of C. occidentalis, based on extensive fi eld ency of the water from zero to only a few centi- work in West Africa supplemented with observa- metres. tions and experiments in captivity on substrate For the experiments on substrate choice preference and burrowing behaviour. C. occidentalis were caught in the Pendjari river * Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie, Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Universität Würzburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ** Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 2 The whole contribution can be Dieser Beitrag kann als purchased as PDF fi le. PDF-Datei erworben werden. Availability Verfügbarkeit von PDF-Dateien Prinzipiell sind von allen unseren Publikationen PDF- Generally all our publications are available as PDF fi les; Dateien erhältlich. Komplette Publikationen in der Regel full publications as a general rule after the printed version erst nachdem die gedruckte Version vergriffen ist. An- is out of print. If you have questions concerning particu- fragen bezüglich bestimmter Beiträge richten Sie bitte lar contributions please contact us by e-mail: per E-Mail an [email protected]. [email protected]. 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