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Universidade Federal Do Ceará Instituto De Ciências UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS DO MAR PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS MARINHAS TROPICAIS MARCOS VIEIRA DA SILVA BRIOZOÁRIOS DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DO CEARÁ FORTALEZA 2020 MARCOS VIEIRA DA SILVA BRIOZOÁRIOS DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DO CEARÁ Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, do Instituto de Ciências do Mar da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais. Área de concetração: Utilização e Manejo de Ecossistemas Marinhos e Estuarinos. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Helena Matthews Cascon. Coorientador: Profº. Dr. Leandro Manzoni Vieira. FORTALEZA 2020 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Universidade Federal do Ceará Biblioteca Universitária Gerada automaticamente pelo módulo Catalog, mediante os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) S581b Silva, Marcos Vieira da. Briozoários da plataforma continental do Ceará / Marcos Vieira da Silva. – 2020. 138 f. : il. color. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Fortaleza, 2020. Orientação: Profa. Dra. Helena Matthews Cascon. Coorientação: Prof. Dr. Leandro Manzoni Vieira. 1. Bryozoa. 2. Distribuição. 3. Nordeste do Brasil. 4. Sistemática. I. Título. CDD 551.46 MARCOS VIEIRA DA SILVA BRIOZOÁRIOS DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DO CEARÁ Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, do Instituto de Ciências do Mar da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais. Área de concetração: Utilização e Manejo de Ecossistemas Marinhos e Estuarinos. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Helena Matthews Cascon. Coorientador: Profº. Dr. Leandro Manzoni Vieira. Aprovado em: ____/____/_____, BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Helena Matthews Cascon (Orientadora) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) ______________________________________________________ Profº. Dr. Leandro Manzoni Vieira (Coorientador) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) ______________________________________________________ Profº. Dr. Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) ______________________________________________________ Drª. Ana Carolina Sousa de Almeida Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus, por todo força e missão neste mundo. Agradeço aos meus pais, por toda educação e carinho durante a minha jornada acadêmica. Agradeço à CAPES, por todo o fomento nestes dois anos de mestrado. Agradeço à professora Helena Matthews Cascon, pela orientação e suporte neste projeto de mestrado, bem como, durante toda minha graduação. Agradeço ao professor Leandro Manzoni Vieira, pela coorientação neste grupo de animais fantásticos, e por todo o suporte no Laboratório de Estudo em Bryozoa –LAEBry. Agradeço ao projeto PRONEX, pelas expedições ocorridas na plataforma oeste do Ceará, do qual foi fundamental para a realização deste estudo. Agradeço ao Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinhos do Ceará, por toda a infraestrutura para a realização deste projeto. Agradeço à Central Analítica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, pelas análises de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Agradeço a todos os meus amigos do LIMCE, por todos os momentos de confraternização, estudos e discussões. Agradeço em especial aos meus amigos Marianny e Ênio, por todas as horas de trabalho, diversão, felicidade, tristeza e muitas outras coisas. Agradeço imensamente ao Luan, por todos os momentos especiais e por toda a confiança e grande admiração, além de um carinho imensurável no meu coração. Agradeço aos meus amigos Alisson, Indira, Cristiane, Felipe, Carlos, Laís, Soraya, Shay, Tarci, por todos os bons momentos no laboratório e por compartilhar experiências. Agradeço a todos que de alguma maneira contribuíram para o meu crescimento pessoal e intelectual, meu mais sincero obrigado! RESUMO Briozoários são animais aquáticos coloniais, modulares e sésseis que apresentam uma grande diversidade, principalmente no ambiente marinho. Estes organismos podem ser encontrados em diferentes profundidades nos oceanos, ocorrendo desde a zona entre marés até regiões mais profundas como as zonas abissais. No Ceará são conhecidas apenas seis espécies de briozoários marinhos, sendo este número muito inferior quando comparado com outros estados da região Nordeste e menor ainda quando comparado com outras regiões do Brasil, como Sudeste e Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a briozoofauna coletada na plataforma continental do Ceará, levando em consideração aspectos bióticos e abióticos que possam influenciar na presença e ausência desses organismos. O material foi obtido por meio de dragagens realizadas na costa oeste do estado do Ceará ao largo dos municípios de Itarema, Acaraú e Camocim. Também foram obtidas amostras da Bacia Petrolífera do Ceará e foram realizados mergulhos autônomos em diferentes pontos ao largo de Fortaleza. Foram encontrados 51 morfotipos de briozoários provenientes da plataforma continental do estado. Trinta e oito espécies foram identificadas; 12 morfotipos foram identificados até o nível de gênero e apenas um a nível de superfamília. As famílias mais representadas nas amostras foram Adeonidae, Antroporidae, Celleporidae, Lepraliellidae, Membraniporidae, Phidoloporidae e Schizoporellidae. A maioria dos briozoários foi encontrada em profundidades que variaram entre 5 a 39 metros. A forma colonial mais comum foi a forma incrustante, encontradas sobre algas, rodolitos, fragmentos de coral morto, conchas de moluscos e sobre outras colônias de briozoários. Tais substratos foram favoráveis para o desenvolvimento e sobrevivências de muitas colônias. Neste trabalho foram descritos e discutidos taxonomicamente os espécimes encontrados no Ceará, com ênfase na classe Gymnolaemata, ordem Cheilostomata. Palavras-chave: Bryozoa, distribuição, Nordeste do Brasil, sistemática. ABSTRACT Bryozoans are colonial, modular and sessile aquatic animals, which present a great diversity in the marine environment. These organisms can be found at different depths in the oceans, occurring from the intertidal zone to deeper regions such as abyssal zones. Only six species of marine bryozoans are known in Ceará, Brazil, this number being much lower when compared to other states in the Northeast region and even lower when compared to other regions of Brazil, such as Southeast and South. The purpose of this work was to study the bryozoofauna collected in the continental shelf of Ceará, taking into account biotic and abiotic aspects found in the Ceará platform that may influence the presence and absence of these organisms. The samples were obtained through dredging carried out on the west coast of the state of Ceará off the municipalities of Itarema, Acaraú and Camocim. 51 morphotypes of bryozoans were found, coming from the continental shelf of the state. 38 species were identified; 12 morphotypes were identified down to the genus level and only one superfamily level. The families most represented in the samples were Adeonidae, Antroporidae, Celleporidae, Lepraliellidae, Membraniporidae, Phidoloporidae and Schizoporellidae. Most of the bryozoans were found at depths ranging from 5 to 39 meters. In this study, the specimens found in Ceará were described and taxonomically discussed, with emphasis on the Gymnolaemata class, order Cheilostomata. Keywords: Bryozoa, distribution, Northeastern Brazil, systematic. SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................... 11 2. OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1. Objetivo geral ................................................................................................................ 15 2.2. Objetivos específicos ..................................................................................................... 15 2.3. Hipóteses ....................................................................................................................... 15 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .................................................................................................. 16 3.1. Localidade das amostras ................................................................................................ 16 3.2. Atividades de laboratório .............................................................................................. 18 3.3. Análise taxonômica e morfométrica .............................................................................. 18 3.5. Análise estatística .......................................................................................................... 22 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................... 25 4.1. Principais táxons encontrados ....................................................................................... 25 4.2. Classificação sistemática ............................................................................................... 25 Classe Gymnolaemata Allman, 1856 ....................................................................................... 26 Ordem Ctenostomata Busk, 1852 ........................................................................................
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