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20210521-J9DKC1E1.Pdf Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. https://www.munisentzool.org/ 16 (2) (June, 2021) 1093 ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ___________________________________________________________ NEW RECORD OF PHLOEOTRIBUS SCARABAEOIDES (BERNARD, 1788) ON INTRODUCED OLIVE TREES IN BISKRA REGION–ALGERIA Nacima Deghiche-Diab*, Lahcen Deghiche** and Youcef Islem Belhamra*** * CRSTRA. Scientific and Technical Research Centre on Arid Areas. PoBox 1682. Biskra, ALGERIA. E-mail: [email protected]; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4544-2083 ** Department of Agronomic Sciences, Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Region, Mohamed Khider. Biskra University. PB 145 Biskra, ALGERIA. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4104-1146 *** Department of Agronomic Sciences, Saad Dahlab University. PoBox 270 Blida, ALGERIA. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0079-0116 [Deghiche-Diab, N., Deghiche, L. & Belhamra, Y. I. 2021. New record of Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) on introduced olive trees in Biskra region– Algeria. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 16 (2): 1093-1102] ABSTRACT: During an examination of the insects’ species living in association with olive trees after reconquest in Ziban at Biskra region, it was recorded 69 species grouped in 10 orders and 41 families. Under olive grove ecosystem and from the total recorded species, different type of niches were identified where 25% a phytophagous species, 21% omnivorous, predator and 13% were pests of olive trees. In addition to the known pest of olive trees that were sampled from our traps, an xylophagous species; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) belonging to Curculinidae family and Coleoptera order, was recorded for the first time in Biskra region feeding and boring on olive trees. KEY WORDS: First record, Ziban olive grove, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides, introduction, reconquest The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) from Oleaceae family, is a small evergreen tree, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Region, from Lebanon and the maritime parts of Asia Minor to northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea (Haber & Mufsud, 2007). Its fruit is of major agricultural importance in the Mediterranean Region and other Mediterranean type climates as a source of olive oil and table olives. Olive tree cultivation is one of the oldest known cultivated trees in the world (Fabbri et al., 2009; Kiritsakis & Shahidi, 2017), with a great socio-economic importance in Mediterranean countries (Bachouche & Kellouche, 2012). In the wild or spontaneous state, the olive grows in environments with a rainfall greater than 400 mm, in places favorable to the accumulation of runoff (Loussert & Brousse, 1978). In Algeria, in recent years, intensive olive cultivation has experienced great development, especially in the Saharan areas. Because of its large adaption, the olive tree is present everywhere in the wilaya of Biskra, ranging from mountainous to the most arid areas (Diab & Deghiche, 2014). The olive sector in the region was developed through the various mechanisms put in place by the Agricultural Services (DSA, 2012). Human contributed to the introduction into new areas of many organisms as they transported them around the globe accidentally or voluntarily (Besnard et al., 2007). The introduction of Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. 1094 https://www.munisentzool.org/ 16 (2) (June, 2021) ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ___________________________________________________________ new crops in an area can have a negative effects (Strong et al., 1977, 1984; Jourdan et al., 2001) by the emergence of new species indirectly by modifying habitats and can also affect native natural enemies or alter habitats (Van Lenteren, 1997; Didier & Guyot, 2011). Insects which alone represent 70 to 80% of the living world (Martinez & Gauvrit, 1997). With more than 1.8 million species in the world important for human health, they are unrecognized and extremely essential to agricultural activities for the ecosystem services they provide. A few are harmful such as agriculture pests and disease vectors whereas others are beneficial such as decomposers, seed dispersers, pollinators and natural enemies of pests. The olive tree can suffer from the depredations of a good number of specific insects; more than 255 species over the world (Haniotakis, 2003). Despite several recent revisions to actualized list (Louadi et al., 2008; Deghiche-Diab, 2009; Laamari et al., 2010, Deghiche-Diab et al., 2015a,b; Djoamaa et al., 216; Deghiche-Diab et al., 2019; Deghiche Diab et al., 2020) still new species are regularly found and described (Barták & Kubík, 2015, 2016). Less than 0.5 percentage of the total number of the known insect species are considered pests (Jankielsohn, 2018). In order to inventory the main species of pests and auxiliaries on olive cultivation, a study of the biodiversity of the entomofauna was carried out in the olive groves represented by the Demonstration and Seed Production Farm (FDPS) belonging to the Technical Institute for the Development of Saharan Agriculture (ITDAS) at El Outaya site. Our study aims to characterize pests and useful fauna whose knowledge in the long term could allow the development of prevention strategies against harmful species, without harming useful species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area Covering an area of 20 986 km², Biskra is one of the wilaya of southern east in Algeria. Its’ vast expanse, combined with geological and geographic characteristics as well as climat factors, show a various ecosystems where various cultivation were practice; palm groves, olive groves, fodder, cereal,…(Fig. 1). In order to collect the entomofauna present in association with olive trees, a site at El Outaya plain was selected. It is an experimental olive grove (34°55’58.27’’N, 5°39’34.41’’E) belonging to the Technical Institute for the Agronomic Saharan Development, situated at 12kms to the North of Biskra touwn and elevated at 207m above the sea level. It covers an area of 3 hectars where the olive trees were planted with two densities (4x4) and (2x4) with different varieties including eleven local and two foreign planted since 2005 (Diab & Deghiche, 2014). Sampling methods During the sampling period (2012-2013), an arthropod sampling was performed every week using different technics; • Pitfall traps: a total of five traps were set on diagonal and separated 15m a far from each other and were filled with water and detergent at a third of their volume (Benkhelil, 1992); • Aerial traps: five aerial traps were fixed on foliage tree spaced 15 m from each other • Japanese umbrella; it consist by beating one branch on the four cardinal directions of the tree from top to bottom one a week. Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. https://www.munisentzool.org/ 16 (2) (June, 2021) 1095 ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ___________________________________________________________ Every week, the sampled species were transported to laboratory to be identified and stored in tubes filled with 70° alcohol on which we indicated all necessary information (date, traps, site,…). Figure 1. Soil occupation at the Wilaya of Biskra (Deghiche-Diab et al., 2020). Data treatment The collected specimens placed in small-labelled sampling bottles or tubes will be identified using collection of reference (Deghiche-Diab, 2009; Deghiche-Diab, 2015; Deghiche-Diab, 2020) and treated using ecological indices on an Excel program. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During an insects sampling performed at El Outaya site using different technics, on a plot cultivated with olive trees since 2005, the obtained results treated in laboratory indicated a richness of 69 species grouped in 10 orders and 41 families (Table 1). Ecological analysis The most diversified orders were, Coleoptera with 25 species, Diptera with 11species, Hymenoptera with 10 species and Lepidoptera with 9species. The other orders; Mantodea, Nevroptera, Thysanoptera and Orthoptera were represented with less than 10 species for each. The importance of families by orders was also different from order to another were Coleoptera order groups a height number of families (10 families) followed by Hymenoptera and Diptera order with 6 families whereas Thysanoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera grouped only 4 families (Fig. 2). 1096 Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. https://www.munisentzool.org/ 16 (2) (June, 2021) ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ____________ _______________________________________________ Collected insects species present in an olive grove at El Outaya site. Outaya at El grove in olive an present species insects Collected Table 1. Table Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. https://www.munisentzool.org/ 16 (2) (June, 2021) 1097 ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ___________________________________________________________ Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. 1098 https://www.munisentzool.org/ 16 (2) (June, 2021) ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ___________________________________________________________ Figure 2. Importance of species and families by orders. From a total of 725 individuals collected during the sampling period starting from September 2013 until latest January 2014, in an olive grove, the most abundant species were from Hemiptera order; Myzus persicae (8.05%) Rhopalosiphum maidis (5.66%), Coleoptera order; Aspidapion aeneum (7.46%) and Brachinus explodens (6.12%). Different type of groups were identified under olive grove ecosystem where we counted 18 rare species (±4.17), 17 accidental species (20.83±12.50), 13 sporadic species (±8.33) and 11 accessories (41.6 ±25) and 10 were qualified
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