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Home , Asadullah, Battle of the Trench, Conquest of Mecca, Eber, Fitra, Last prophet

Contents and ...... 2 2 ...... ﷺ Companions of the Prophet Muhammad ...... 2 ...... 2 in Islam: ...... 3 Biographic of Prohpets: ...... 3 Prophet (A.S.)...... 3 Prophet (Nuh) (AS) ...... 3 Prophet (Ibrahim) ...... 4 Prophet Musa () (AS) ...... 4 Prophet Isa () (A.S) ...... 4 Basic Beliefs of Islam ...... 5 Believing in One Unique, Eternal, Single ()...... 5 Believing in The ...... 5 Believing in The Revealed Books Including the & ...... 5 Believing in The Prophets Of God including Moses, Abraham, & Jesus...... 5 Believing in Hereafter, Resurrection, The Day of Judgment, after life, Heaven and ...... 6 ...... 6 ...... 6 Salat (worship) ...... 6 Prayer Times ...... 6 (Charity) ...... 6 Sawm (Fasting) ...... 7 (pilgrimage) ...... 7 Battles of Islam: ...... 7 Ghazwa Badr: ...... 7 Ghazwa Uhud ...... 8 Ghazwa Khandaq: ...... 8 Ghazwa Khyber: ...... 8 Fath-e-Makkah (Conquest of ) ...... 8 Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ...... 9 : ...... 9 Umar bin Khattab: ...... 10 Uthman bin Affan : ...... 10 ibn-e-Abi Talib ...... 11

ICK Quiz Competition Article Islam and Muslims • Islam is the complete way of life for all humanity. • It is the religion of submission to one God, the religion of peace, mercy, and forgiveness. • It is the universal religion that calls for “ONE PEOPLE UNDER ONE GOD.” • Islam means submission to one God and it also means ‘peace.’ • The word Muslim means the one who has submitted him/herself to God and lives with peace.

ﷺ Prophet Muhammad was the son of Abdullah and Amina and was born in Makkah, in (ﷺ) Prophet Muhammad .chose him to be the , the seal of prophets and prophecy, at the age of 40 ﷻCE. Allah 570 He died in Madina(Saudi Arabia) at the age of 63. He communicated the message of Islam to humanity. He was known as Amin(trustworthy), Sadiq(truthful) from his childhood. He was humble and sincere, loving and caring, forgiving and showing mercy to all. Companions of the Prophet Muhammad Companions of the Prophet or aṣ-ṣaḥābah were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who "saw or met the prophet during his lifetime and were physically in his presence"

The first 4 caliphs, who are the aṣḥāb held in highest esteem among Muslims, are part of a group of 10 Companions to whom Muhammad promised . Those 10 companions are called ‘Ashra Mubashara’. The muhājirūn (those who followed the Prophet from Mecca to in the Hijrah), the anṣār (the Medinese believers), and the badriyyūn (those who fought at the ) are all considered Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)

Quran through the to Prophet ﷻQur’an is the record of exact words revealed by Allah It was revealed piece by piece over about 23 years, then memorized and written down . ﷺMuhammad by the early followers of Islam. This makes Qur’an, the unique and miraculous text preserved as it was revealed in the textual history of world religions. The Quran amazingly contained information 1400 years ago that only today are we finding out about scientifically. There are 114 (chapters) in Quran. The most important is Surah Fatiha which is also called Umm-ul-Quran (The mother of Quran). Surah Fatiha is mandatory to be recite in every rakah of (prayers)

Prophets in Islam: There are 25 prophets mentioned in the Qur'an. All prophets preached the same message. The name of the prophets are:

(آدم) Adam .1 () (إدريس) .2 (Noah) (نوح) Nuh .3 () (صالح) .4 () (هود) .5 (Abraham)(إبراهيم) Ibrahim .6 () (لوط) Lut .7 () ( إسماعيل) Ismail .8 () (إسحاق) Ishaq .9 () ( يعقوب) Ya'qub .10 () (يوسف) Yusuf .11 () (أيوب) Ayub .12 () (شعيب) Shu'aib .13 (Moses)(موىس) Musa .14 () (هارون) Harun .15 () (ذو الكفل) Dul-Kifl .16 () (داود) Dawud .17 ()(سليمان) Suleyman .18 () (إلياس) Ilyas .19 () (اليسع) Al-Yasa .20 ()( يونس) Yunus .21 (Zechariah)( زكريا) Zakaria .22 () (يح ي ) Yahya .23 (Jesus) (عيىس) Isa .24 (محمد) Muhammad .25

Biographic of Prohpets: Prophet Adam (A.S.) Prophet Adam was the first human being and first Prophet of Allah. He and his wife ‘’ once lived in heaven but misled them and then Allah sent them to the Earth. We are all descendants of Prophet Adam (AS) and Eve Prophet Noah (Nuh) (AS) The people of Noah had deteriorated to the point where they were worshiping statues they called . They gave these statues names , Suwa, Yaghuth, Yauq and . This lead to Prophet Noah (AS) trying to get his people to return to worshipping God alone. The people refused to give up their idols. Prophet Noah preached his people nearly 900 years but only a handful of people believed him. Allah (SWT) then decided to punish the non believers and ordered Propet Nuh to prepare a big ship. On the day of punishment, Allah ordered prophet Nuh to onboard on the ship with the believers and a pair of each animal. Allah then sent a huge flood which drowned all the non believers including Prophet Nuh’s wife and his son. Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) (.KHALILULLAH’, which means ‘the friend of Allah’. Ibrahim (A.S ’ خليل هللا ‘ Ibrahim, was given the title was the forefather of many great Prophets. Ibrahim (A.S.) is a prophet who is tested by Allah and despite severe trials and challenges, Ibrahim (A.S.) was shown as a servant who kept his promise and always showed a respectable attitude. He was the son of Aazar ibn Nahur. Ibrahim (A.S.) was born in the ancient city of Ur of the Chaldea, also known as Babylonia or (currently located in Iraq). He was born in a house of idolaters and his father was a well-known idol sculptor. Prophet Ibrahim had 2 sons and both of them were prophets.

1. Prophet Ismail (A.S) (the forefather of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) 2. Prophet Ishaq (A.S) (the forefather of many great prophets like Moses, Jesus and so many others) Prophet Musa (Moses) (AS) Prophet Musa was another great prophet of Allah. Allah (S.W.T) gave him the holy book of Taurat and made him the savior of people of Israil from a wicked king Pharaoh.

In the land of where the children of Ibrahim(Alaih Assalaam), Yaqub(Alaih Assalaam) and Yusuf(Alaih Assalaam) once lived, there reigned an evil, wicked Pharaoh. One day, this wicked Pharaoh ordered that all boys descended from Yusuf (Alaih Assalaam)should be killed. He gave this order because he did not want Yusuf(Alaih Assalaam)’s children to increase and become more powerful than his own people. It was at this dangerous time that the baby Musa (Alaih Assalaam)was born. Allah sent a message to his mother, telling her to place little Musa(Alaih Assalaam) in a small basket and the basket on the river. That way, Musa(Alaih Assalaam) would escape the dreadful fate which Pharaoh had decreed. The basket with the little child in it was found by the Pharaoh’s wife. She was kind and good-hearted and took Musa(Alaih Assalaam) into the palace. Nobody knew who his parents were, but the Pharaoh’s wife wanted to keep him, so she looked for a foster mother to nurse him. Allah then caused Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s own mother to be brought into the palace so that she could be chosen as Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s foster mother. So the baby Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s life was saved, and through the help of Allah, he was given back to his own mother. Prophet Isa (Jesus) (A.S) The mother of Prophet Isa (Alaih Assalaam) was called (AS). Some people also call her Mary(AS). She was a very pious woman and once, an angel of Allah came to her and said: Soon you will have a son. But how can I have a son? Maryam(AS) asked. I have no husband. The angel replied: Allah is almighty. when He wishes something, then it will happen. You will have a son, and his name shall be Isa, and he will be a great prophet of Allah(swt). When Isa (Alaih Assalaam) was born, Maryam(AS) was on her own. She was very sad and hungry, for she had nothing to eat. But Allah came to her aid. He made a stream flow and a tree with nourishing fruits grew in the place where Maryam lived. Now, she would not have to suffer thirst and hunger. Later Maryam(AS) returned to her family. They were very curious about the child and asked: How did you get him? But Maryam(AS) did not answer. Instead, she just pointed to the child. And then the people heard the child say: I am the servant of Allah. He has given me the scripture and made me His prophet. We, mankind, should worship only Allah and help the poor and give them some of our money. Some people have given Isa(Alaih Assalaam) the name Jesus. They say that Allah is the father of Jesus. We know that this is not true. Isa(Alaih Assalaam) himself has said that he is only a prophet of Allah, even though he had no father. Allah has no sons. Only human beings have sons and daughters. Isa(Alaih Assalaam) brought a book to mankind. This book is called Injil, and Allah gave this book to Isa. In it there are many stories and it is also stated there that mankind should worship only Allah. Prophet Isa (Alaih Assalaam)had many blessings from Allah. He was able to perform many miracles with Allah’s help. He could cure the sick so that they would be grateful to Allah and obey and pray to Allah alone. Isa (Alaih Assalaam) could also bring the dead back to life so that the people would be happy and pray to Allah and thank Him. Prophet Isa (Alaih Assalaam)told the people of another prophet who was going to come later, whose name would be Prophet . It was Allah who had sent Prophet Isa (Alaih Assalaam) to the people to tell them that Prophet Muhammad would come.

Basic Beliefs of Islam Believing in One Unique, Eternal, Single God (Allah). We believe in one unique, Incomparable, superior undivided God. We believe that God is one and one only, he has no wife, children. He has never been born and shall never die. Believing in The Angels. We believe in the Angles created by Allah and that they are created from light and they never disobey Allah. Among the Angles names we know: Gabriel () the angle of revelation.. • Mikail (Angel of Weather). • Israfel (Angel of Death). • Kiramun and Katibeen (Writer of the Deeds) • Munkir and Nakeer (Questioners in the Graves) Believing in The Revealed Books Including the Bible & Torah. We believe in all the original texts of the revealed books including:

1. Taurat or Torah revealed on Moses (Moosa A.S) 2. Zaboor or revealed on David (Dawood A.S). 3. Injeel or Reveald on Jesus (Issa A.S) 4. Quran Revealed on Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him) (The Final Revelation of Allah) Believing in The Prophets Of God including Moses, Abraham, & Jesus. We believe in all the Prophets through whom God’s revelations were brought to humankind, beginning with Adam who is the first human and prophet including: • Abraham (Ibrahim) who is also the father of 2 prophets Ismail and Ishaq, • Ismail who is also the forefathers of our last prophet Muhammad, • Jacob (Ya'qub), • Joseph (Yusuf), • Moses (Musa) • David (Daoud) • Jesus (Isa), • Noah (Nuh), • Isaac (Ishaq), • Moses (Musa) • Solomon (Sulayman) • Elias (Ilyas) • John the Baptist (Yahya) • Muhammad (The final messenger and Prophet of Allah); peace be upon them all. Believing in Hereafter, Resurrection, The Day of Judgment, after life, Heaven and Hell. The Day of Judgment is coming. When God will resurrect the entire mankind. In the hereafter every Individual is accounted for his/her actions and deeds in their life. Every soul will be brought back to life and our deeds will bear their fruits good or bad.

Five Pillars of Islam Shahada It is to witness that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the messenger and servant of God. The declaration of Shahada is necessary if one is to be a Muslim and joins Muslims in worship. Salat (worship) We have to worship Allah five times a day. – It is better to worship in congregation in a . One can still perform the worship at home, at work, or anywhere else. – Friday is the sacred day of Islam. All Muslims are to leave their jobs and assemble in the central mosque of the area for a sermon and congregational worship at noon. – Worship in Islam is a direct communication of an individual with Allah. It is a highly spiritual and a continuous reminder of one’s duty toward Allah. It is also highly social, teaching unity, equality, and the universality of Islam. Prayer Times 1. Fajar - pre-dawn 2. Dhuhar - afternoon 3. Asar - mid-afternoon 4. Maghrib - after sunset 5. Isha – night Zakat (Charity) Islam is the first religion that made Zakat obligatory on rich to give to the poor. In Islam everything belongs to Allah. Zakat means both "purification" and "growth“. Zakat is mandatory charity and it is different than voluntary charity. Eligible Muslims pay it on an annual basis. It helps to "purify" their wealth. Funds collected are distributed to the poor, orphans, and needy in society. Zakat consists of giving 2.5% of one’s accumulated wealth excluding such items as primary residence, car and professional tools. Islam teaches that helping the needy helps one’s spiritual growth. Sawm (Fasting) Fasting in the month of is obligatory on all adult, sane, and healthy Muslims. – Fasting means abstaining from any food, drink, and refraining from all sins. – Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. – Fasting teaches self-control and self-restraint. – It is highly spiritual activity constantly reminding the believers to be conscious of Allah. – Fasting teaches Muslims to be in control of their tongue, to be respectful and to be forgiving. – But spiritual uplifting in Ramadan is once again tied with helping the needy. Before the end of Ramadan, every head of the Muslim household who can afford should pay an amount of about 5-8 dollars per member of his/her family to the poor in the area. This charity is known as Fitra Hajj (pilgrimage) • Hajj is obligatory on every Muslim once in a lifetime who can afford it. • Hajj is to commemorate the works of Abraham (peace be upon him), his teachings of One God, and his sacrifices in the path of Allah. He and son Ishmael built the Ka`ba(the House of Allah) and since then people have been asked to perform the pilgrimage to the House of Allah. • When Prophet Muhammad (peace is upon him) came, he recalled the commitment of Abraham to one God. He performed the Pilgrimage and asked Muslims to follow. • Hajj is highly spiritual but at the same time highly social and universal activity of Islam. It is a practical demonstration of Islam’s call for “ONE PEOPLE UNDER ONE GOD.” • About 2-3 million people perform the Hajj annually

Battles of Islam: A battle of military expedition in which the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) took part of himself usually Ghazwa”. Islamic historians have differed in their reports of“ غزوة ,with a large infantry is called in .plural of Ghazwa غزوات ”the number of battles or “Ghazawat

Majority agreed that there were 27 ghazwas took place. (RA) narrated that out of these battles, in only 9 of them actual fighting took place. They are the Battles of: Badr, Uhud, Bani Mustalaq, Khandaq, Bani Quraizhah, Khayber, Fath-e-Makkah, Hunain, and Taif.

As for those in which the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) did not participate in but deputed a smaller group .Sariya”. These ranged from 36-100 battalions dispatched“ رسية ,of his companions is called in Arabic

Ghazwa Badr: The battle of Badr was the most important and the first major battle the Muslims fought. On Friday 17th Ramadhan 2 AH, the Muslim army, which numbered around 313, faced an army of 1,000 of the . Through the help of Allah, the Muslims emerged victorious. Ghazwa Uhud This location, in northern Madinah, is where the took place in 3 AH (624 CE). It was the second war between the Muslims and the pagan Makkan forces following the Battle of Badr. An initial victory turned to defeat for the Muslims after some fighters left their position, mistakenly thinking the battle was over. The Quraysh assembled an army of 3000 soldiers with 300 , 200 horses and 700 left Madinah for the valley of with a Muslim army of only (ﷺ) coats of mail. The Prophet 700. Ghazwa Khandaq: The is also known as Ghazwa Khandaq, it was the 30-day long fight of Yathrib by Arabian and Jewish tribes.

The defenders of Medinah were Muslims led by Prophet Muhammad PBUH, he ordered a Trench to be dug after taking a suggestion from Farsi (RA). These trenches gave Muslims the benefit of defeating enemy armies of suffering fewer casualties. The commanders of Muslims in this battle were Prophet Muhammad PBUH, Ali Ibn Abi Talib (RA) and Salman Farsi (RA). And on the enemy’s side, the commanders were Abu Sufyan, Amr Ibn Abd Al Wud and .

Ghazwa Khyber: Khaibar is an agricultural oasis situated approximately 160 KM the north of Madinah. According to the majority of scholars, it took place in the 7th year of Hijrah.

Ali ibn Talib played a vital role in this battle as he conquered the last and the strongest of all fort.

On the day of Khaibar, Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) said, "Tomorrow I will give this flag to a man through whose hands Allah will give us victory. He loves Allah and His Apostle, and he is loved by Allah and His Apostle."

The people remained that night, wondering as to who would be given it. In the morning the people went to Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) and everyone of them was hopeful to receive it (i.e. the flag). The Prophet said, "Where is `Ali bin Abi Talib?" It was said, "He is suffering from eye trouble O Allah's Apostle." He said, "Send for him." `Ali was brought and Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) spat in his eye and invoked good upon him. So `Ali was cured as if he never had any trouble. Then the Prophet (S.A.W.) gave him the flag. `Ali said "O Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.)! I will fight with them till they become like us." Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) said,

" Proceed and do not hurry. When you enter their territory, call them to embrace Islam and inform them of Allah's Rights which they should observe, for by Allah, even if a single man is led on the right path (of Islam) by Allah through you, then that will be better for you than the nice red camels.” (Sahih Bukhari: 4210)

Fath-e-Makkah () The Conquest of Makkah, according to many scholars, took place in 8th Year of Hijri, during the month of Ramadan (approx. December 629 or January 630 CE). On the 10th of Ramadan, 8 AH, the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.), along with his 10,000 companions, which was the largest Muslim force ever assembled as of that time, went on their journey to Makkah

"Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) travelled in the month of Ramadan and he fasted till he reached (a place called) 'Usfan’, then he asked for a tumbler of water and drank it by the daytime so that the people might see him. He broke his fast till he reached Makkah."

Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

The most widely accepted definition of a companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is someone who saw the Prophet and believed in him as well as died a Muslim. The Arabic translation of the word companion is Sahabi, thus companions (plural) become Sahaba.

The companions are considered the best generation of the Islamic nation, both then and now. We learn about their etiquettes and manners, we read their stories and marvel at their exploits; we admire their religious zeal and their utter devotion to Allah and His Messenger. The companions came from all different walks of life exactly as you would find in a small town today.

Ashra Mubashra are the companions of Propet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who got the news in their lives that they will be awarded . There are 10 sahabah who got the news of Jannah in their lives and known as Ashra Mubashra.

1. Abu Bakar (R.A) 2. Umar Farooq (R.A) 3. Uthman (R.A) 4. Ali (R.A) 5. Talha (R.A) 6. Zubair ibn-e-Awam (R.A) 7. Abu Obaidaibn-al-Jarah (R.A) 8. Abdul Rehmanibn-e-Auf (R.A) 9. Saad ibn-e-Abi Waqas (R.A) 10. Saeed ibn-e-Zaid (R.A)

The first four Caliphs: Abu Bakr, 'Umar, Uthman and Ali (RadiyAllahu Anhuma) are also called Khulafa Rashideen(THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS). All four were among thc earliest and closest Companions of the Prophet (SallAllahu Alayhi Wa Sallam). They lived simple and righteous lives and strove hard for the religion of Allah. Abu Bakr: Abu Bakr was the first person to heed Prophet Muhammad’s message and accept Islam. When he heard Prophet Mohammad say that there was nothing worthy of worship but God and that he (Muhammad) was the messenger of God, Abu Bakr accepted Islam without any reservations. Abu Bakr was known as Siddeeq (the truthful). His daughter Ayesha (R.A.) was wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

When Prophet Muhammad passed away the Muslims were devastated, some even refused to accept that the Prophet had died. Their hearts were broken. Although overwhelmed by grief, Abu Bakr addressed the people, he praised and glorified God and said, “Whoever worshipped Muhammad should know that Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped God, then God is Ever-living and shall never die.” During this great crisis, the devastated Muslims chose Abu Bakr as their leader. He was the first Caliph (leader of the Muslims).

Umar bin Khattab: Hazrat Umarra was born 13 years after ‘Aam-ul-Fil – year of the Elephant. He was 13 years younger than the Holy Prophet Muhammadsa and was among one of the respected tribes of Mecca.

Illiteracy was common in the pre-Islamic era; not many knew how to read or write and would rely solely on memory. Hazrat Umarra however, was among the few who had learnt to read and write in his youth. The Holy Prophetsa gave Hazrat Umarra the title Al-Farooq – the one who distinguishes from right and wrong. His daughter ‘Hafza’ was also wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He became the second Khalifa (leader) of muslims after the death of 1st caliph Abu Bakr. The many services Hazrat Umarra rendered as the Khalifa are reflections of his life as a successful leader. Under his leadership, Islam spread rapidly by virtue of the beautiful teachings, simplicity and moral conduct found within the core of Islam. During his Khilafat, Hazrat Umarra introduced the system of Shura (Consultative Body), Bait-ul-Mal (Treasury), discipline among fellow countrymen and many more successful endeavours.

Uthman bin Affan : Hazrat Uthman bin Affanra was born seven years after the Holy Prophetsa. He belonged to one of the wealthiest tribes of Mecca. His father’s name was Affan and his mother’s name was Arwa.

Hazrat Uthmanra was among the few people who learnt to read and write at a young age. Just like his father, Hazrat Uthmanra became a merchant and was among one of the wealthiest people in Mecca. Even before he accepted Islam he was known for his truthfulness and integrity. After accepting Islam, Hazrat Uthmanra married Hazrat Ruqayyahra, daughter of the Holy Prophetsa, thus having the good fortune of being the son-in-law of Prophet Muhammadsa. When Hazrat Ruqayyara passed away, it was difficult for Hazrat Uthman as he no longer remained the son-in-law of the Holy Prophetsa. The Holy Prophetsa then gave his second daughter in marriage to Hazrat Uthmanra, thus receiving the title of Zun- Nurayn (the one who possesses two lights) by marrying two of the daughters of the Holy Prophetsa.

Hazrat Uthmanra requested for permission from the Holy Prophetsa to migrate to Abyssinia with a few other Muslims, upon which the Holy Prophetsa agreed and thus made Hazrat Uthmanra among the first of those who migrated.

He was chosen as the third Khalifa of the Prophetsa after the second khalifa Umar bin Khattab was martyred.

During the Khilafat of Hazrat Uthmanra, Islam had expanded a great deal with such efficiency that it spread all over the world into China. One of the major accomplishments was of the Holy Quran we see today which was compiled during his Khilafat and under his direct supervision. To date, the entire Muslim Umma benefits from this service.

Ali ibn-e-Abi Talib Hazrat Alira was born ten years before the Holy Prophetsa was commissioned as a prophet. His father, Abdul , who was known as Abu Talib, was the leader of , a clan of the Quraish tribe of Mecca. Abu Talib was the uncle of Holy Prophetsa and father of Hazrat Alira.

The Holy Prophetsa was eight years of age when his grandfather, Abdul Mutalib passed away. Abu Talib, despite his poverty, graciously took in the Holy Prophetsa and cared for him as his own son. Thus, from the very beginning Hazrat Alira was with the Holy Prophetsa. After the martyrdom of Hazrat Uthmanra, the companions of the Holy Prophetsa along with other Muslims agreed to elect Hazrat Alira as the fourth Khalifa. The holy prophet gave his beloved daughter Fatima to his marriage. So like Uthman, Ali was also son in law of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

Hazrat Alira was among the first to accept Islam. He spent a major part of his life with the Holy Prophetsa. His bravery and courageous character was second to none. Studying history, we see that he endured intolerable levels of hardships, both when he was the Khalifa and the time prior to that, but he remained firm and steadfast on re-establishing peace within the Muslims. His entire life was spent in the great service of Islam. He was also known as (The Lion of God).