Sista Blosset

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sista Blosset JURIDISKA FAKULTETEN vid Lunds universitet Nicolas Strömbäck Sista blosset – En studie i svenska tobaksindustrins skadeståndsansvar Examensarbete 20 poäng Christian Dahlman Förmögenhetsrätt/Skadeståndsrätt Termin 9 Innehåll SAMMANFATTNING 1 FÖRORD 5 FÖRKORTNINGAR 7 1 INLEDNING 9 1.1 Bakgrund 9 1.2 Problemformulering 13 1.3 Syfte 18 1.4 Disposition 19 1.5 Metod 20 1.6 Avgränsningar 23 2 TOBAKSBRUK – UPPKOMST OCH FÖREKOMST 25 2.1 Tobakens historia 25 2.1.1 En gammal vana 25 2.1.2 Kampen mot tobaken 27 2.1.3 Den svenska tobaksindustrin 28 2.2 Tobaksproduktion 30 2.3 Tobaken i Sverige 31 2.3.1 Vanor hos befolkningen 31 2.3.2 När blev skaderiskerna med tobaksrökning kända i Sverige? 37 2.3.3 Tobakslagstiftning i Sverige 41 3 TOBAKSBRUK – EFFEKTER 43 3.1 Tobaksprodukternas sammansättning 43 3.2 Medicinska effekter av rökning 44 3.2.1 Allmänt 44 3.2.2 Olika former av beroende 45 3.2.3 Cancer 46 3.2.4 Andningsorgan och luftvägar 49 3.2.5 Hjärt-kärlsjukdomar 50 3.2.6 Övriga rökrelaterade sjukdomar 51 3.2.7 Nikotinets påverkan 53 3.2.8 Effekter av passiv rökning 54 3.2.9 Positiva effekter av rökning? 56 4 TOBAKSINDUSTRIN I USA –RÄTTSFALL OCH LAGREGLERING 58 4.1 Inledning 58 4.2 Tobaksindustrins åtgärder efter ”the Big Scare” 59 4.2.1 Tobaksindustrin går ut offentligt om cigarettrökningens verkningar – ”A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers” 59 4.2.2 Upprättande av the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) 60 4.2.3 Upprättandet av the Tobacco Institute (TI) 60 4.2.4 Lanseringen av filter- och lågtjärecigaretter 61 4.3 Tobaksindustrins fortsatta handlande – intern forskning, hemlighållande av information och förnekan av hälsoeffekterna 62 4.3.1 Intern forskning 62 4.3.2 Hemlighållande av information och förnekan av hälsoeffekterna 64 4.4 Lagstiftning, rättsfall och den stora nationalförlikningen 66 4.4.1 Tobakslagstiftning i USA – en översikt 66 4.4.2 De amerikanska rättsfallen 67 4.4.2.1 Rättfall rörande privatpersoner 68 4.4.2.1.1 Cipollone-fallet 1983-1992 70 4.4.2.1.2 Carter-fallet 1996-2001 71 4.4.2.1.3 Maddox Widdick-fallet 1998- 72 4.4.2.1.4 Engle-fallet 1999- 73 4.4.2.1.5 Whiteley-fallet 2000-2004 74 4.4.2.1.6 Broin-fallet 1991-1997 (passiv rökning) 74 4.4.3 Nationalförlikningen 74 5 FINNS DET MÖJLIGHET ATT FÅ SKADESTÅND ENLIGT SVENSK RÄTT? 76 5.1 Inledning 76 5.2 Vilken typ av mål är lämpligast? 77 5.3 Vem kan man rikta talan mot? 79 5.3.1 Allmänt 79 5.3.2 Swedish Match AB 80 5.3.3 Philip Morris International 82 5.3.4 British American Tobacco Nordic Oy (BAT) 82 5.3.5 House of Prince 83 5.3.6 Gallaher Sweden AB 84 5.3.7 Om man rökt olika märken? 85 5.3.8 Hur riktar man talan mot utländsk tobaksindustri? 85 5.4 De olika ansvargrunderna 86 5.4.1 Allmänt om skadeståndsansvar 86 5.4.2 Rättspolitiska verkningar av skadeståndet 88 5.4.2.1 Reparation (korrektion) 88 5.4.2.2 Prevention 89 5.4.2.3 Placering av risken för skador 90 5.4.3 De objektiva förutsättningarna för skadeståndsansvar 91 5.4.4 Ansvar enligt culparegeln 93 5.4.4.1 Inledning 93 5.4.4.2 Culpabedömningen enligt äldre svensk rätt 93 5.4.4.2.1 Allmänt 93 5.4.4.2.2 De objektiva momenten 94 5.4.4.2.3 De subjektiva momenten 96 5.4.4.3 Culpabedömningen enligt nutida svensk rätt 98 5.4.4.3.1 Allmänt 98 5.4.4.3.2 Författningar och föreskrifter 100 5.4.4.3.3 Prejudikat 102 5.4.4.3.4 Sedvana 103 5.4.4.3.5 Den fria bedömningen 104 5.4.4.3.6 Särskilda omständigheter 106 5.4.5 Rent strikt ansvar 107 5.4.5.1 Inledning 107 5.4.5.2 Legislativa moment som motiverar ett strikt ansvar 109 5.4.5.3 Uppfyller tobaksindustrin kraven på farlig verksamhet? 112 5.4.5.3.1 Stadigvarande risk 114 5.4.5.3.2 Riskmomentets och skadans storlek 114 5.4.5.3.3 Riskmomentets/verksamhetens säregenhet 116 5.4.5.3.4 Riskmomentets/verksamhetens extraordinäritet 116 5.4.5.3.5 Skadans påräknelighet 117 5.4.5.3.6 Teknisk svikt 118 5.4.6 Strängt culpaansvar (produktansvar) 118 5.4.6.1 Inledning 118 5.4.6.2 Produktansvar enligt produktansvarslagen (PAL) 120 5.4.6.2.1 Bakgrund till lagen 120 5.4.6.2.2 Förutsättningar för ansvar 121 5.4.6.2.3 Är tobaksprodukter principiellt sett undantagna från PAL: s tillämpningsområde? 122 5.4.6.2.4 Produktansvarets innebörd – begreppet säkerhetsbrist 123 5.4.6.3 Produktansvar i övrigt 126 5.4.6.3.1 Allmänt 126 5.4.6.3.2 Konsumentlagstiftning 127 5.4.6.3.3 Produktansvar i praxis 128 5.5 Kravet på orsakssamband mellan tobaksprodukterna och skadan – föreligger det adekvat kausalitet? 129 5.5.1 Inledning 129 5.5.2 Utredning av kausalitet ifråga om tobaksrelaterade skador 130 5.5.2.1 Några begrepp 130 5.5.2.2 Bedömningen 132 5.5.3 Adekvansbedömningen 134 5.5.4 Andra typer av kausalitetsproblem som kan aktualiseras i tobaksmål 135 5.5.5 Sakkunnigutlåtande 137 5.6 Skadelidandes medverkan – frågan om acceptans av risken och kravet på informerat samtycke 138 5.6.1 Inledning 138 5.6.2 Allmänna synpunkter på rökning och frivillighet 139 5.6.3 Principer i svensk rätt 140 5.6.3.1 Medverkan enligt SkL 6:1 140 5.6.3.2 Samtycke som ansvarsbefriande grund 141 5.6.3.3 Vilka möjligheter har den skadelidande haft att inse riskerna med tobaksbruket? 143 5.6.4 Principer i amerikansk rätt 144 5.6.4.1 ”Casting blame on the tobacco victim” – en utredning om acceptans av risken 144 5.6.4.2 Acceptans av risken och kravet på informerat samtycke 147 5.6.5 Förhållandet till övriga ansvarsgrunder 149 5.6.5.1 Strikt ansvar 149 5.6.5.2 Produktansvar 149 6 AVSLUTANDE KOMMENTARER 151 6.1 Slutsatser 151 6.1.1 Allmänt 151 6.1.2 Culpaansvar 152 6.1.3 Rent strikt ansvar 153 6.1.4 Strängt culpaansvar (produktansvar) 153 6.1.5 Adekvat kausalitet 154 6.1.6 Acceptans av risken 155 6.2 Praktiska förutsättningar för talan 156 6.2.1 Allmänt 156 6.2.2 Frågan om rättshjälp 157 6.2.3 Insyn i tobaksindustrins verksamhet 157 6.2.4 Preskriptionsfrågan 157 6.2.5 Hur kan en stämningsansökan se ut? 158 BILAGA A 162 CASTING BLAME ON THE TOBACCO VICTIM: IMPACT ON ASSUMPTION OF THE RISK AND RELATED DEFENSES IN THE UNITED STATES TOBACCO LITIGATION 163 BILAGA B 172 INFORMED CONSENT: WHAT SMOKERS KNOW AND WHAT THEY NEED TO KNOW 173 KÄLL- OCH LITTERATURFÖRTECKNING 177 Litteratur 177 Rättsfallssamlingar 178 Offentliga tryck 178 Internetlänkar 179 RÄTTSFALLSFÖRTECKNING 180 1 Nytt juridiskt arkiv (NJA) 180 2 Norsk Retstidende (Rt) 180 Sammanfattning Detta arbete centrerar sig kring en av vår tids mest omdiskuterade hälsofrågor – tobaksrökning – och de skador vilka man som konsument kan ådra sig om man nyttjar tobaksprodukter samt den juridik man bör använda vid riktandet av en eventuell skadeståndstalan mot något av de tobaksbolag som tillverkar, marknadsför och säljer dessa produkter. Syftet med arbetet är att klargöra hur den svenska skadeståndsrätten behandlar den typ av skadeståndsfrågor som uppkommer vid tobaksrelaterade skador. Meningen med detta är att försöka precisera den svenska skadeståndsrätten de lege lata på denna typ av frågor, för att se vilka möjligheter som finns att vinna framgång med en skadeståndstalan av denna sort. Till denna precisering av den svenska rätten kopplar jag ett antal andra både juridiska och icke-juridiska aspekter av tobaksbruket för att klargöra hur man på bästa sätt riktar denna talan. Bland dessa aspekter tar jag upp särskilt tobakens uppkomst och förekomst; utbredning, omfattning och effekter av bruket samt vilka åtgärder man vidtagit för att minska bruket. Sammantaget visar dessa aspekter på hur man i samhället ser på tobaken, vilket ju avspeglar sig i hur man reglerar området i rätten. Inom denna del av arbetet utreder jag tobakens historia för att konstatera hur tobaken uppkommit i samhället och fått den status den har idag samt hur den har påverkat befolkningens hälsa till att ge upphov till några av vår tids största folksjukdomar. Vad gäller de olika typerna av skador och sjukdomar man kan ådra sig av tobaksrökning kommer arbetet att ägna ett särskilt avsnitt till detta område för att klargöra vilka av dessa som det är mest relevanta att rikta skadeståndstalan för samt hur stora riskerna är att drabbas. Här kommer också ingående att behandlas nikotinets beroendeframkallande verkan hos rökaren och hur detta ämne påverkar folks möjlighet att sluta röka. Detta är en viktig del att klargöra i en skadeståndstalan mot tobaksindustrin, vilket skall redogöras för under den juridiska delen av arbetet. Vidare behandlar jag även synen på skadeståndsrätt och tobaksfrågor i amerikansk rätt, främst då USA är föregångslandet inom denna typ av skadeståndsprocesser och man här har utvecklat en praxis och doktrin på området som kan vara en värdefull källa att beakta vid svenska rättegångsprocesser mot tobaksindustrin. Detta innefattar en redogörelse för den kamp som bedrivits av mot tobaken i USA enda från starten runt 1950- talet fram till idag, i form av de mest relevanta tobaksmålen, den lagstiftning man infört på delstatlig och nationell nivå samt en översikt av den amerikanska tobaksindustrins handlande.
Recommended publications
  • Permits July 2012
    Permits July 2012 Permit Type Permit No Issued Address Mapsco Contractor Value Area Work Description Land Use Barricade (BA) 1207031083 07/03/2012 2000 LAWS ST 45-K ASI MODULEX 972/915- BARRICADE - W 27543 STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration 3800 8181 JETSTAR DR, 07/07/12 7 AM - 07/07/12 IRVING, TX 75063 4:00 PM Barricade (BA) 1207031085 07/03/2012 908 MCKINNEY AVE 45-K ASI MODULEX 972/915- BARRICADE - W 27544 STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration 3800 8181 JETSTAR DR, 07/07/12 7 AM - 07/07/12 IRVING, TX 75063 4:00 PM Barricade (BA) 1207031007 07/03/2012 3229 35-W TEXAS IN TOWN HOMES BARRICADE - W 27534 STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration THROCKMORTON ST 713/653-3708 1520 OLIVER 07-03-12 7:00 AM - 07- ST, HOUSTON, TX 77007 03-12 4:00 PM Barricade (BA) 1207031039 07/03/2012 4000 CEDAR 35-W CITY SIGN SERVICES CO, BARRICADE - W 27541- STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration SPRINGS RD INC 214/826-4475 3914 ELM 07/05/12 9:00 AM - 07-05- ST, DALLAS, TX 75226 12 3:30 PM Barricade (BA) 1207101026 07/10/2012 3535 N HALL ST 35-X ROGERS-O'BRIEN W27550 BEGINS STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration CONSTRUCTION LTD 7/6/2012 7AM ENDS 214/962-3000 1901 REGAL 1/2/2013 7PM ROW, DALLAS, TX 75235 Barricade (BA) 1207101173 07/10/2012 1704 ARTS PLZ 45-G BIRDSONG ELECTRIC CO BARRICADE W 27554- STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration 972/864-3000 2914 07-11-12 7:00 AM - 07- INDUSTRIAL LN, 11-12 6:00 PM GARLAND, TX 75041 Barricade (BA) 1207101037 07/10/2012 101 S AKARD ST 45-K TAYSSEN KRUPP W27555 BEGINS STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration ELEVATORS 972/785-0505 7/10/12 9AM ENDS 2220 CHEMSEARCH, 7/31/12 3:30PM IRVING, TX 75062 Barricade (BA) 1207111038 07/11/2012 2525 N PEARL ST 45-F STEVEN ROLLO 972/941- BARRICADE - W27556 STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration 8222 121 REGENCY DR, 07-11-12 9 AM - 08-07- WYLIE, TX 75098 12 3:30 PM Barricade (BA) 1207131136 07/13/2012 6011 LUTHER LN 25-W SOUTHFORK W27557 7-12-2012 9A STREET BARRICADE Commercial Alteration CONSTRUCTION INC.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-21 DISD Trustee 2 PHD Small G
    r n n L L Villaverde Ave le D Circ Blu r h f f Ct n N o s e L a r r b s F r a r D e o al d h u a R d r Allencrest Ln t D d u e Casaverde o w C M A s ve Marsh H L e o y Clear Cove Ln t o r a t H M Brookstown D d end c L a a Kingfish Ln o d enhall Dr igh w l ay Dr a d Crest W Rd G w k st r R e re i t o n C d H s n L l r e D t wood l O D a i be H r C C Forest Lane Pl d in L Fore t l s t Ln r o es t n I-635 Svc For i F o N o d l C i s Hig I Blvd o r C re d F l o W T i Blvd P a l u r Schroeder Rd T e r Fo D h J Rd a r Dr es i llow P Goodfe t H l h h e r C a s e i D r k t t v n res Forest Green Dr W Northmoor Dr e a n o tshire en V e n O F s hi r Rd e F L r i i w l C a t r y h t arbrush Dr o Fo D F D r y ed C r le e P W e l ll s t s Lloyd Va M C Sp o r e r a Dr r d e Landa Ln Landa i n t Dr a Skyline Dr ng r Cal Dr l e adium re y Weeburn Dr e r a s a w Eastern Ln P b s D u v n a e da d D r a n y Lake D o d e i lo r aday Dr D k r a c s r m Windy Crest Dr e d i o o sh t F r D H l Jasmine Ln L l now n n r e Bonner h L K Dr r L t r Dr e n l n M s Dr Nuestra b a yndon B Johnson Fwy a e Forest Creek Dr L e k u M n S C i v o r J y e P e c s Mid l St S Preston Haven R D N n D a T Ar i hady Hill D r o r A D r n Ja d im bo n b e S m Shady Hill Dr nd e D Webb Kay Dr A o e r C lt r R a h e a r L s K ree r w able D r k O a aks Dr l il G C r ea l A l a r t k ne on r H Co D n D Shepherd Rd t i n L o f l ve W S r Dr S ll Dr Dr r m r Pallos Verdas Dr Hallmark Dr del Roy D Janma T Clove u w Pl r w Springtree Ln n in V alley Dr S o L B n est Foru r u r l i l r
    [Show full text]
  • RADICAL SOFTWARE 24 East 22 Street
    r y~~~~" " "~~ " yqv ~i ~//~ ~ r r /~r . rl i' v'~~~ ~l"1~.~,',~~ ':'" a~vtsti" f iW yV~opt " "w ~iW The ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUIVI I RAY VERY LOW _FREQUENCY_.. (VLF) LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF INFRAREp VISIBLE ULTRAVIOLET X-RAY GAMMA-RAY COSM C- ~uGY.RY~ . a ~ a a P L f R R QV~SuI~YWIm.Yr-w am .Y-r.y Mn-w~lu~ ~k~ rUltrnonks~ ~~ n ~ ~u Yk,owwi IMnrW R+.y ~Y $1 .25 VIDEO CARTRIDGE/CASSETTE SYSTEMS- CONTENTS COMPARATIVE TABLE Techniques-excerpts from a transcript Paul Ryan ENVIRONMENT/EVENTS NUMBER 2 1970 Video Balloon Pedro Lujan Electronic Tune Up Andrea Brown CABLE Charles Bensinger Space Station What is Cable? Liam O'Gallagher Television Is Electromagnetic Spectrum Douglas Davis/ Channel Allocation Fred Pitts SelfProcessing FCC Report on Program Origination Paul Ryan Cable Rap COMMUNITY Cable Systems Chart Video in El Barrio and the Classroom Elliot S . Glass Alternatives for Alternate LASER Media-People's Video Theatre Handbook A Short History of the Laser Lloyd Cross Ken Marsh Project Report The Potential Impact of the Laser on the Allen Rucker Video Medium Lloyd Cross Richard Kletter Television as Town Meeting Frequency and Form Vic Gioscia Dorothy Todd Henaut Televisionaries vs. Televisigoths David Silver excerpts from Neuron Cluster Grope Don Benson excerpts from Technology Against Technology= Anti-Tech Takis CULTURAL DATA BANK Sparks Scott & Freude Bartlett People's Video Theatre EQUIPMENT Jackie Cassen Raindance Corp . Standards Eric Siegel Steve Christianson Eric Siegel X-Rays Don Ward Tom DeWitt TVX Tips for Using Portable Half-Inch Equipment Parry Teasdale Electric Eye Stan VanDerBeek Microphones Fobile Muck Truck Woody Vasulka What is Television? Videoforms _Phil Gietzen Videofreex, Inc .
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement to the AUSTRALIAN OFFICIAL JOURNAL
    Vol: 18, No: 25 1 July 2004 Supplement to the AUSTRALIAN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF PATENTS The Australian Official Journal of Patents (Supplement) is part of the Official Journal issued by the Commissioner of Patents for the purpose of the Patents Act 1990, the Trade Marks Act 1995 and the Designs Act 2003. (ISSN 0819-1794) AUSTRALIAN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF PATENTS (Supplement) 1 July 2004 Contents General Information & Notices Amendments, Section 104 Applications for Amendment ....................................................................................... 6897 Amendments Made ....................................................................................................... 6897 Applications Accepted Name Index .................................................................................................................... 7079 Numerical Index .............................................................................................................7081 IPC Index ........................................................................................................................ 7082 Applications Lapsed, Refused or Withdrawn, Patents Ceased or Expired ............................................................ 6893 Applications Open to Public Inspection Name Index .................................................................................................................... 6899 Numerical Index .............................................................................................................7043 IPC Index
    [Show full text]
  • The Genealogy of the Families of Douglas of Mulderg and Robertson
    Iill I . //J. ^ National Library of Scotland *B000426185* 7UBRA8 THE GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILIES DOUGLAS OF MULDERG ROBERTSON OF KINDEACE WITH THEIR DESCENDANTS DINGWALL: A. M. ROSS & COMPANY. MDCCCXCV. PREFATORY NOTICE. We think it may be well to state here the reasons why the genealogical outlines •of the families of Douglas of Mulderg and Robertson of Kindeace have been printed. They are the work of a descendant of the Douglas family, who lives amongst us, and has been known during the last thirty or forty years as a genea- logist of gx-eat ability and possessing very wide information. This gentleman has frequently of late years been asked for information regarding these two families, therefore he has kindly complied with the request of some of those interested in the Douglas and Robertson families that his genealogical knowledge of them should be printed. The advantage of printing will be seen when it is understood that a large portion of the matter this book contains has not hitherto been pub- lished, and might easily be lost and forgotten, as many of the descendants of these families have not been proprietors of land and their representatives have gone to all quarters of the globe in order to make their fortunes. The habit of wandering far afield has rendered the collection of full particulars in some cases extremely difficult, and in others impossible ; so, when there are errors in this book, they may, we hope, be pardoned, as great care has been taken in trying to avoid mistakes. It is with considerable regret that the system of giving authorities for every sentence and word has been abandoned ; but, if this plan is properly carried out, it increases the bulk of a book to a tremendous extent, and, owing to the long quotations necessary, renders a genealogy rather broken ; also, if the system of giving authorities is not scrupulously adhered to, it leaves as much room for romance and false statements as there would be if no authorities were given.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Highland Clearances
    THE HISTORY OF THE HIGHLAND CLEARANCES BY ALEXANDER MACKENZIE, F.S.A., Scot. WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION BY IAN MACPHERSON, M.P. “Truth is stranger than fiction.” P. J. O‟CALLAGHAN, 132-134 WEST NILE STREET, GLASGOW. First Edition 1883 Second Edition, altered and revised 1883 Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 EDITOR’S PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION. .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Highland Clearances. ............................................................................................................................... 14 THE REV. DONALD SAGE ON THE SUTHERLAND CLEARANCES. ............................................................. 22 GENERAL STEWART OF GARTH ON THE SUTHERLAND CLEARANCES. ................................................... 28 HUGH MILLER ON THE SUTHERLAND CLEARANCES. ............................................................................. 36 MR JAMES LOCH ON SUTHERLAND IMPROVEMENTS. .......................................................................... 47 MRS. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE ON THE SUTHERLAND CLEARANCES. ................................................. 53 REPLY TO MRS. BEECHER STOWE BY DONALD MACLEOD. ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA RELEASE 27Th December 2020 Wide Open Group 1 Silver Chief Final by Gerard Guthrie GRV Website
    MEDIA RELEASE 27th December 2020 Wide Open Group 1 Silver Chief Final By Gerard Guthrie GRV Website Since its inception in 1964, the Group 1 Silver Chief honour roll comprises a litany of young greats who have gone on to achieve racetrack stardom. Consider these luminaries of the loam: 1977 Satan’s Legend, 1978 Tempix, 1983 Chariot Supreme, 1988 Ginger, 1994 Light Of Fire, 1996 Awesome Assassin, 1999 Kantarn Bale, 2004 Big Daddy Cool, 2006 Closing Argument, 2015 Above All, 2018 Out Of Range and last year Simon Told Helen. Thirteen proved to be an unlucky number for Western Australian sensation Sunset Spitfire when the unbeaten sprinter made his hugely anticipated eastern states debut at The Meadows in Saturday night’s heats of the Group 1 Feikuai Greyhounds Silver Chief. After 12 consecutive victories in his home state, Sunset Spitfire started $1.30 favourite in the fourth of eight ‘sudden death’ Silver Chief heats following a scorching 29.52s Meadows trial but he tasted defeat for the first time. In a massive upset, $34 outsider Tyler Durden swept home powerfully to give Jeff Britton the second leg of a heat double, clocking 30.03s, with Sunset Spitfire finishing fifth, an average start and torrid duel for the lead with Utah Blues taking their toll. Jeff Britton secured his first finalist in heat two, this time with the favourite, as Mepunga Felix ($2.80) took advantage of box one to camp behind South Australian visitor Fly For Trix before racing clear in the home straight, clocking 29.69s. Britton looked an excellent chance to add a third string to his Classic bow in the sixth run-off when Do It started a warm favourite from box one but he wasn’t able to reel in leader Earn The Answers, trained by Lyn Smith, which posted 29.62s, the fastest qualifying performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Day - Militaria, Collectors and Sporting Sale Friday 04 November 2011 11:00
    Two day - Militaria, Collectors and Sporting Sale Friday 04 November 2011 11:00 Lawrences Auctioneers (Crewkerne) South Street Crewkerne Somerset TA18 8AB Lawrences Auctioneers (Crewkerne) (Two day - Militaria, Collectors and Sporting Sale) Catalogue - Downloaded from UKAuctioneers.com Lot: 577 POSTCARD ALBUMS - SOUTH WEST three albums and A POSTCARD ALBUM OF CHARD etc. An album of postcards including cards on Dartmoor and surrounding area, including Chard scenes C1910, comical and children also Okehampton, Broadway, Churches, etc. animal theme cards. Estimate: £50.00 - £70.00 Estimate: £150.00 - £250.00 Lot: 587 Lot: 578 A POSTCARD ALBUM. Containing turn of the 19thC early A POSTCARD ALBUM. Local content C1910 including Chard, 20thC postcards of among others local scenes. Dorset content Ilminster, Axminster, Honiton, West Bay, Weymouth, Burnham, includes Bridport, West Bay, Symondsbury, in various Taunton, Bridgwater etc. multiples. Beer, East Devon Hounds at Hayes Barton, Estimate: £200.00 - £300.00 Salcombe, Woodbury Common, and others. Brighton, River Fal, The King at Harrow 30th June 1905. Irish content including Co Down, among others. Lot: 579 Estimate: £100.00 - £150.00 TWO PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS. Family and local scene photograph albums including many named portraits and settings. Including Snowden Hill under snow, Chard Buildings, Lot: 587A. Torquay etc QTY OF LOCAL POSTCARDS/MILITARY including Falmouth, Estimate: £120.00 - £180.00 Bath, Cheddar, Wells, and other South West content etc. Also with Military, Hunting etc. Estimate: £50.00 - £70.00 Lot: 580 ISLE OF MAN STAMPS etc. Beginning in 1973 a large collection of Isle of Man Stamps (mint), Booklets and First Day Lot: 588 Covers.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda Certification
    OCTOBER 11, 2016 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA CERTIFICATION This certification is given pursuant to Chapter XI, Section 9 of the City Charter for the City Council Agenda dated October 11, 2016. We hereby certify, as to those contracts, agreements, or other obligations on this Agenda authorized by the City Council for which expenditures of money by the City are required, that all of the money required for those contracts, agreements, and other obligations is in the City treasury to the credit of the fund or funds from which the money is to be drawn, as required and permitted by the City Charter, and that the money is not appropriated for any other purpose. Date City Manager 9-1-0 -/lo /1. ~~~cb-.. Date Chief Financial Officer / .. I " ~ . i ,.,.. t ? I I I & & ,· .i ~ t > • I - !":U "-•;· ••• ! -· I •• -- I' • Pt! 3: 52 II .~ • . • ... ·--,1r - -..-.,~-1 \n Y ' l I I - • •• ·- { I 11 .... r J ' "-' • - • ' • 1, • • • ~ r ~ .. -L.~ 1 l ''(.' T [-Y'"~ - .. -1 . I ,'-\ ~ · - ,"'" ~ ._! , \ • \ • • .... • 1~ I -·- . - -...,- I I • •, ... .. • I ...... ' . .. .. .. ..... T .. I I - II~I .• .. ""' .... • . 11 j . I- 11 ./' .. - .. ·-.~ • II •• - - • }.,. r--·....... , .. J ..... -""·- . ..-., _ """"' -- 1111 '' - ...,...:.. -· I . "' .. 7 _.. ~COUNCIL I, AGENDA.. -.. ... ~I .. r • -. _. .... - . .. .. • . - ' ..... ., .. I ... .,. - • • - .. l •• ' . .. - ·- . - ... l... October 11, 2016 .. - ... .. ,..__ Date .. I .... L .. -,_ ... .- • - ·- _,,. - .- ·-. .., - J . (For General Information and Rules of Courtesy, Please See Opposite Side.) I (La Informaci6n General Y Reglas De Cortesia Que Deben Observarse • Durante Las Asambleas Del Consejo Municipal Aparecen En El Lado Opuesto, Favor De Leerlas.) ,. , 1 - -• -. • - It • ---~ - ----- -- General Information Información General El Ayuntamiento de la Ciudad de Dallas se reúne regularmente los The Dallas City Council regularly meets on Wednesdays beginning miércoles en la Cámara del Ayuntamiento en el sexto piso de la at 9:00 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleveland 3Fire Department
    ,$*4>$- # % HISTORY €/. I ..1897.. I * •$ ^S OF THE. SB tB <j&t$»U$» Cleveland 3fire department PUBLISHED BY FIREMEN'S RELIEF ASSOCIATION, CLEVELAND, OHIO. Compliments of he Cleveland uElectri c Railway Company* INTRODUCTORY. N compiling a history of the Cleveland Fire Department, it has been the aim of the Firemen's Relief Department, in whose interest this book is gotten up, to chronicle the rise, progress and development of the Department from its in­ ception. Owing to space, however, much that would make interesting reading had to be omitted in order to give place to illustrations of the men who, at the call of duty, abandoned their business and social life to battle with the flames, thus sacri­ ficing their personal and domestic comfort for the safety and happiness of others. The life of a fireman is, at least, one of hardship and danger, and our citizens owe these brave men a debt of gratitude which can never be fully repaid. The Cleveland Fire Department has attained the highest efficiency possible, and the lives saved, property protected and catastrophies averted cannot be estimated by the meagre statistics herein contained. No pains, however, have been spared to make the work accurate in every detail, narrating some of the more thrilling inci­ dents to life and property, much credit of which is due to several members of the Department who have personally and so generously aided in the compilation of the work. To those of our business men who have so liberally contributed to make the book a financial success, the thanks of the Firemen's Relief Department are ex­ tended CLEVELAND FIRE DEPARTMENT.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda Certification
    DECEMBER 8, 2010 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA CERTIFICATION This certification is given pursuant to Chapter XI, Section 9 of the City Charter for the City Council Agenda dated December 8, 2010. We hereby certify, as to those contracts, agreements, or other obligations on this Agenda authorized by the City Council for which expenditures of money by the City are required, that all of the money required for those contracts, agreements, and other obligations is in the City treasury to the credit of the fund or funds from which the money is to be drawn, as required and permitted by the City Charter, and that the money is not appropriated for any other purpose . II - /fj -/O Mary K. Suhm Date City Manager ~ic 2 ~e- n r i er i o Edward cott Date City Controller General Information Informacion General EI Ayuntamiento de la Ciudad de Dallas. se reune regularr:nente The Dallas City Council regularly meets on Wednesda~s los rnlercolesen la Camara del Ayuntamiento en el sexto prsode beginning at 9:00 a.m. in the Council Chambers, 6th floor, ~Ity la Alcaldfa, 1500 Marilla, a las 9 de la manana. Las reuniones Hall, 1500 Marilla. Council agenda meetings are broadcast live informativas se lIevan a cabo el primer y tercer rniercoles del on WRR-FM radio (101.1 FM) and on Time Warner City Cable meso Estas audiencias se transmiten en vivo por la estaci6n de Channel 16. Briefing meetings are held the first and third radio WRR-FM 101.1 Y por cablevisi6n en la estaci6n Time Wednesdays of each month.
    [Show full text]
  • Harnadek 1 SB.Pdf
    CRITICAL THINKING BOOK ONE ANITA HARNADEK © 1998, 1981, 1976 THE CRITICAL THINKING CO.’ (BRIGHT MINDS”) www.CrilicalThinking.com I P.O. Box 1610 Seaside CA 93955-1610 Phone 800-458-4849 • FAX 831-393-3277 ISBN 978-0-89455-641-8 Reproduction rights granted for single-classroom use only. --....-i-.--- Printed in the United States of America ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following people and organizations have my sincere appreciation for their helpful information and suggestions for material for this book: Joseph Rohrig; Delores Lobdell; Frank Sasso, Jr.; Ru-Mei and Lila Kung; Joy Tellefsen; Diane Heussner; Winona Shingler; police departments of St. Clair Shores, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan; the public library and the public elementary school on Drummond Island, Michigan. Also, many ideas for material for this book came from various advertisements and from newspaper and magazine articles, editorials, and letters to the editors. TOTHESTUDENT Former students are often heard to say that school did not prepare them for the real world. They say that they had to learn things in school that they’ve never used after school. They say that they had to learn a lot of facts or figures or rules that don’t matter in everyday life. One of the most valuable things a school today can teach its students is how to think critically. Although every normal human being does some thinking, he isn’t exactly a champion at critical thinking. Maybe that’s one of the reasons the world is in such a mess today. Thinking critically is a skill, just as skating, driving, and carpentry are skills.
    [Show full text]