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Doctors fear rise in organ trafficking as “Human Trafficking”, demand spikes. Inquierer. UNODC.https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/hum https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/947824/doctors-fe an-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html ar-rise-in-organ-trafficking-as-demand-spikes

“Super Haiyan, one of strongest “The is a global hub for child storms ever, hits central Philippines”, CNN. pornography” The Economist. http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/07/world/asia/phili https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/01/04/th ppines-typhoon-haiyan/index.html e-philippines-is-a-global-hub-for-child-pornogra phy “Climate change has created a new generation of sex-trafficking victims” Quartz, "Forced Begging • Human Trafficking Search." https://qz.com/970394/climate-change-has-cre http://humantraffickingsearch.org/201788force ated-a-new-generation-of-sex-trafficking-victim d-begging/. Accessed 12 Nov. 2018. s/ "Giving money to child beggars: Don't do it.." “Human trafficking 101: What trafficking is all 30 Sep. 2013, about” Rappler, cited the US State https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/09/givin Department’s Human Rights g-money-to-child-beggars-dont-do-it.html. Reporthttps://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/1 Accessed 12 Nov. 2018. 15637-human-trafficking-101 "New factsheets - Forced Begging - “OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT International Organization for ...." 31 Jul. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: 2016 Trafficking 2017, in Persons Report” US Department of State, https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_ https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/20 work/DMM/MAD/07312017/ForcedBeggin 16/258843.htm g.pdf. Accessed 13 Nov. 2018. “400,000 Pinoys in forced labor as Atlantic "Criminal gangs 'crippling children and forcing 'Lola' story goes viral” PhilStar Global, them to work as beggars ...." 19 Mar. 2014, https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/17/ https://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/artic 1700884/400000-pinoys-forced-labor-atlantic-l le/1452514/investigative-report-highlights-pligh ola-story-goes-viral t-dongguans-disabled-beggar. Accessed 12 Nov. 2018. “Trafficking in Human Beings from the Philippines: A Survey of Government Experts "Begging for Change: Research findings and and Law Enforcement Case Files.” National recommendations on ...." Police Commission, Republic of the http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/publications/ Philippines. begging-change-research-findings-and-recom https://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/human_traffic mendations-forced-child-begging-albaniagreec king/Exec_Summary_NAPOLCOM.pdf e_en. Accessed 12 Nov. 2018. “Commercial Organ Transplantation in the "Senegal: Effort to Stem Child Begging Falls Philippines” Cambridge University. Short | Human Rights Watch." 11 Jul. 2017, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambr https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/11/senegal- idge-quarterly-of-healthcare-ethics/article/com effort-stem-child-begging-falls-short. Accessed mercial-organ-transplantation-in-the-philippines 12 Nov. 2018. /8C596F5252693E538BE553BECE098AD2

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“Philippine leader approves autonomy law for "Guide to the Philippines conflict - BBC troubled Muslim region.” Reuters. News - BBC.com." 8 Oct. 2012, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-p https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-170 olitics-autonomy/philippine-leader-approves-au 38024. Accessed 23 Oct. 2018. tonomy-law-for-troubled-muslim-region-idUSK BN1KG1M3 "History: Mindanao conflict and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front ...." “Marawi one year after the battle: a ghost town https://www.c-r.org/where-we-work/southeast-a still haunted by threat of Isis.” The Guardian. sia/history-mindanao-conflict-and-moro-islamic https://www.theguardian.com/global/2018/may/ -liberation-front. Accessed 23 Oct. 2018. 22/marawi-one-year-siege-philippines-ghost-to wn-still-haunted-threat-isis "The Philippines - PeaceBuilders Community." https://peacebuilderscommunity.org/document “Philippines unrest: Who are the s/2006GRP-MNLF-FPA.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct. group?” BBC. 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-3613855 4 "The Philippines - PeaceBuilders Community." https://peacebuilderscommunity.org/document “MAPPING MILITANT ORGANIZATIONS” s/2006GRP-MNLF-FPA.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct. Stanford University, 2018. http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants /cgi-bin/groups/view/379 "Moro National Liberation Front | Mapping Militant ... - Stanford University." “What is behind the fighting in the Philippines' http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants Zamboanga?” BBC. /cgi-bin/groups/view/379. Accessed 23 Oct. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-2407919 2018. 8 "Who are the Moro people? - Inquirer Opinion "CPP-NPA 'constraining' Duterte to declare - INQUIRER.net." 20 Oct. 2012, martial law - Manila Standard." 17 Oct. 2018, https://opinion.inquirer.net/39098/who-are-the- http://manilastandard.net/news/national/27824 moro-people. Accessed 23 Oct. 2018. 7/cpp-npa-constraining-duterte-to-declare-mart ial-law.html. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. "Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists) | Council on ...." "'They kill defenceless people': thousands flee https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/abu-sayyaf-g Philippine city of Marawi ...." 26 May. 2017, roup-philippines-islamist-separatists. Accessed https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/ 23 Oct. 2018. 26/they-kill-defenceless-people-thousands-flee -besieged-philippine-city-of-marawi. Accessed "Terrorism in ." 16 Oct. 2009, 24 Oct. 2018. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/RL34194.pdf. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. "Duterte fears spread of terror outside Mindanao | ABS-CBN News." 7 Mar. 2018, "The Demise of the Abu Sayyaf Group in the https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/07/18/duter Southern Philippines ...." 11 Jun. 2008, te-fears-spread-of-terror-outside-mindanao. https://ctc.usma.edu/the-demise-of-the-abu-say Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. yaf-group-in-the-southern-philippines/. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. "Marawi one year after the battle: a ghost town still haunted by threat of ...." 21 May. "Abu Sayyaf terror group regrouping, looking 2018, to get back into business ...." 27 Sep. 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/global/2018/may/ https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/abu- 22/marawi-one-year-siege-philippines-ghost-to sayyaf-terror-group-regrouping-looking-to-get-b wn-still-haunted-threat-isis. Accessed 24 Oct. ack-into-business-of-kidnap-for. Accessed 24 2018. Oct. 2018. "House leaders rally extension of martial law "3 Abu Sayyaf caught planning attacks ahead in Mindanao » Manila ...." 23 Oct. 2018, of ... - ABS-CBN News." 17 Nov. 2017, https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/10/23/house-lea https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/17/17/3-abu ders-rally-extension-of-martial-law-in-mindanao -sayyaf-caught-planning-attacks-ahead-of-asea /. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. n-summit-police. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. "PNP backs third extension of martial law in "9 suspected Abu Sayyaf bandits killed in Mindanao | Inquirer News." 22 Oct. 2018, Basilan ... - ABS-CBN News." 4 May. 2018, https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1045490/pnp-back https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/04/18/9-sus s-third-extension-of-martial-law-in-mindanao. pected-abu-sayyaf-bandits-killed-in-basilan-cla Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. sh-military. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. "History: Mindanao conflict and the Moro "Guide to the Philippines conflict - BBC News - Islamic Liberation Front ...." BBC.com." 8 Oct. 2012, https://www.c-r.org/where-we-work/southeast-a https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-1703802 sia/history-mindanao-conflict-and-moro-islamic 4. Accessed 23 Oct. 2018. -liberation-front. Accessed 17 Nov. 2018.

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"International Criminal Court | Human Rights Watch." https://www.hrw.org/topic/justicia-internacional/ international-criminal-court. Accessed 17 Nov. 2018. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 001 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CHIEF

Date of Birth: 11/08/1963 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Oscar Albayalde is 54 years old, born on November 8, 1963 in San Fernando, , Philippines. He is married to Cherrylyn Albayalde and they have four children together; three sons and one daughter. His friends call him “Odie” and “Oca.” Oscar has a postgraduate degree in Public Administration, he studied at the University of the Assumption, Pampanga and he has a BS degree from the Philippine Military Academy, Baguio City. One of his classmates was the predecessor and current Bureau of Corrections director .

He served in the Philippines National Police, including the National Capital Region Police Office, PNP Directorate for Plans, and the Pampanga Police Provincial Office. Currently, Oscar is the chief of the Philippine National Police, a position he recently took over on April 19, 2018. He also leads the PNP command group. He has received many awards throughout his career, including the Gawad Mabini, Philippine Legion of Honor, and Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation.

Albayalde is very proud of his achievement of the Philippine Legion of Honor. As part of this award, he received the Degree of Commander. This award is given to individuals in recognition of valuable and meritorious service in relation to the military affairs of the Philippines.

He is well known for his command in the National Capital Region Police Office, as well as being a leader in response to the 2017 Manila attack. He is also known by many for the key leadership role he plays in the ASEAN Summit. This semiannual meeting that is held by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. In this summit, attendees discuss economic, political, security and socio-cultural development in Southeast Asian countries.

Albayalde is currently leading the counter-terrorism efforts in the Philippines and reportedly told the news network Rappler: “Actually it’s (counter terrorism plan) being developed now. Number one is we really have to improve on it (counterterrorism efforts). Most of the time we rely so much [upon] the Armed Forces of the Philippines and of course our foreign counterparts. We really have to improve on this. We have to train people on this, because this is quite new to the PNP.” He also has said that he wants the counterterrorism efforts to be intelligence-driven. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 001

He received an academic award in the past for his work in the counterterrorism efforts in the Philippines. This award was the Basic Intelligence for Constabulary and INP Officers. Overt Powers I. As police chief, Albayalde has control of much of the police force. Many of the decisions that regard the police force are made or approved by him. II. He also has access to the Philippine weapon supply. Part of this access includes knowledge regarding what types of weapons the Philippines has to offer. He also has influence in deciding what weapons will be utilized. III. Albayalde has control over the budget of the police force. This means that he must approve purchases that other members within the police force want to make and he can, with some restriction, used the allocated budget as he best sees fit. Leading Questions I. How can you use your control over the police force to deal with the insurgents? II. What strategies has the police force followed in the past to deal with terrorist? III. What countries could you call upon to help you if the insurgents try to take over? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 002 NOLI TALIÑO DIRECTOR OF THE

Date of Birth: 03/18/1955 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Noli is married to Mahalia Cruz and they have six children together: five boys and one girl. Noli completed his undergrad at De La Salle University and finished his studies at the The Philippine Military Academy. Noli currently lives in Manila with his family. Taliño formerly worked for the Special Action Force, serving as Police Chief Superintendent until March 2015. The Director takes much pride in his work for the SAF. A large part of his work involves heading the elite anti-terror unit.

Taliño began his career in SAF in 1984. He was SAF’s second-in-command during the bloody Mamasapano encounter in January of 2015. This event took the lives of 44 SAF troopers and a lot of civilians, as well as that of many Moro Islamic Liberation Front fighters. During this operation, Malaysian terrorist Zulkifi bin Hir, alias Marwan, a skilled bomb maker who had links to , was killed. As a result of this event, Taliño has taken a very authoritarian and stern stance on anti-terrorism programs.

He is, at times, overprotective of his police force and it could get in the way of logical judgement. Recently, Taliño talked about in a speech the pride that he takes in his troopers, most recently speaking about their virtues during a five month war between state troops and terrorists in Marawi City, where four SAF policemen lost their lives.

Prior to his work as the Director for the Special Action Force, he was the director of the PNP Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development, as well as regional director of the Police Regional Office 7 which is based in .

As part of training for SAF, all recruits, including Taliño, receive training from the , Critical Incident Response Group, RAID and Yaman. The skills he acquired through this trainings have been infinitely applicable to his role as Director.

Some additional duties of the Special Action Force that he must manage include conducting counter-terrorist operations, organizing search and rescue operations, serving a rapid deployment force that is ready to strike at all times, and maintaining some degree of law and order in national highways and major thoroughfares. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 002

Overt Powers

I. Taliño has control over the Hostage Rescue Team and Critical Incident Response Group. He has the ability to send these teams on missions and oversees their training. II. He also has access to counter-terrorism operations. He can easily find information about missions that have been kept secret due to national security concerns. III. Taliño trains the incoming recruits and hand picks which recruits he wants for his different teams and groups. He makes sure that the recruits are skilled in whatever he finds relevant and due to this, the recruits have a lot of trust in Taliño and respect him. Leading Questions I. How can you use your connections in the counter-terrorism force to deal with the insurgents? II. What influence has your department had on terrorism in the past? III. What countries could you call upon to help you if the insurgents try to take over? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 003 CONSTANTE AZARES JR. INTERIM CHIEF OF THE NATIONAL OPERATIONS CENTER

Date of Birth: 06/16/1953 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Major General Constante D. Azares Jr., a native of Vagan city, was installed as the new Police Regional Director of the Ilocos Region replacing Chief Superintendent Ramon Gatan who vowed out of office January 2, 2009 upon reaching the compulsory retirement age of 56.

Azares started his officer career as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1978, he was often posted into high stress areas for his operations. He later opted to join the PNP in 1991 where he held various positions of responsibility - his most notable ones being The Chief of Directorial Staff and Deputy Chief of the PNP, Administration.

Prior to his designation as PRO1 Regional Director, he was the chief of the National Operations Center (NOC) in the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police (PNP) located along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in . Formerly the national headquarters of the Philippine Constabulary, Camp Crame is across EDSA from , the national headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). While at Camp Crame he worked with the the Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP) custodial center, a maximum security facility that is known for detaining high profile people such as De Lima.

Another notable achievement of his while he was a regional director was the high level task force that was incharge of solving Ilocos radioman’s killing. The Ilocos shooting was fairly sensitive case where two radio broadcasters were shot by a gunman on an unidentifiable vehicle, all within 24 hours. The Philippines National Police took note of this and decided to form an emergency task force which Major Azares headed.

Post being part of an aggressive and merciless war on drugs and crime in the Philippines where he witnessed hundreds of deaths, he decided to bow out as the Chief of the Philippines National Force and opt for a more peaceful life. He retired to Canada with his two daughters, one son and his wife. He is currently employed by the MCA Trading of British Columbia Inc -The Mechanical Contractors Association of British Columbia (MCABC) is BC’s only trade association exclusively dedicated to the mechanical contracting industry. They claim that they are the voice for the THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 003 mechanical sector in this province. The organisation represents the interests of all mechanical contractors and their suppliers through industry advocacy, networking events, education, information, business support, and industry resources. At the MCA he serves as a police director, a role which he serves not as a law enforcement officer, but in a civilian capacity. His main work there entails overseeing security in civilian projects and handling emergency situations.

He’s an alumnus of De La Salle University where he majored in Criminal Justice and Political Science and graduated summa cum laude. Overt Powers He is technically not in power anymore. However, for this session he is being brought in as the interim Chief since the current one is on a break due to an injury he sustained during an assassination attempt by a drug cartel. He has all the powers a regular NOC chief would have. I. He is responsible for the PNP Command Group and the Quad Staff in directing, controlling, coordinating, monitoring and supervising PNP operations and other related activities within established policies and command guidelines. II. He coordinates and monitors all operational, law enforcement, investigative and disaster/crisis management activities of the PNP III. In high emergency situations he is given temporary jurisdiction over the police force in his region who he may deploy as he sees fit IV. All communications - such as press releases - going through the NOC are subject to his approval. Leading Questions I. How can you most effectively use the power given to you as the Chief of the NOC to create a strategy to handle the crisis at hand? II. What’s the best way to exploit the contacts and history you have in the government, the police force and businesses to make things happen your way? III. To what extent has the NOC had an influence over crisis management in the past?

THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 004 RODELIO JOCSON CHIEF OF THE MARITIME GROUP

Date of Birth: 10/12/1967 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Former Chief Superintendent Rodelio Jocson recently assumed his position as the National Director of the Maritime Group Command. He graduated from the Philippines National Police Academy class of 1986.

Prior to his appointment into the Navy, he served as a police director in , a province located in the autonomous region of Muslim Mindanao, where he was known for his bold style of enforcing rules and regulations. In Maguindanao he took down a range of high level targets within the Moro Islamic Liberation Front - the armed wing of a Muslim Insurgency Group. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front is a Muslim Separatist group which is known for its extreme measures it employs in order to get its demands met, including but not limited to kidnappings, extortions, and attempted assassinations. The Maguindana region is one of the most feared regions by police officers as most of the officers posted there either ended up dead or under the clutches of the militants in the region.

Chief Jocson perfectly fit the bill for the police director the region was desperate in need of; he voluntarily took the post and in his brief time there, before being promoted, brought in monumental changes. One of them being the drastic reduction in corruption in the area, the most notable one being arresting Hyman Salendab (Mayor Candidate) and his companions Togan Salipada Montawal and Tapio Sabang Salenda, for carrying powered firearms without a license - this is just one of the many cases where he took down corrupt officials.

While in the Philippines National Police Academy he was regarded as a highly intellectual, star student with potential. He graduated with a perfect GPA at the top of his class. The PNPA often brings back Rogelio Jackson as a guest speaker to address and motivate its students.

He also briefly worked in Private Security in the Corithians Group of Companies, one of Philippines’ best security agencies; while at the Corithians he was in charge of training and development. However, after witnessing the gruesome murder of his parents, the killers of whom got away, he decided he wanted to join law enforcement. He gave up a highly paid job with virtually no risks to serve his country.

While serving as the chief of the NOC he also worked for the Presidential Security group when he was a member of an intelligence sub-committee comprised of 12 THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 004 highly skilled and experienced officers who were in charge of designing security protocols for the president. He has a personal rapport with the president from his days at the PSG.

He’s currently married to Dalisay Jocson and has two children, twins, a boy and a girl. Dailsay Jackson is a graduate of the National Defense College of Philippines and currently works as a policy analyst for the Philippines government. Overt Powers I. Can deploy and command naval resources - watercrafts held by the government, the coast guard etc. II. Has the power to capture any watercraft, within the sovereign waters of Philippines and interrogate the people within it. III. Establishes rules and regulations concerning the enforcement of maritime legislations in territorial waters. Leading Questions I. How can you most effectively use your contacts to fight the war on drugs on the marine front? II. How can you maximise your relationship with the president to gain an edge over your opponents? III. How can you use your covert contacts to use alternate avenues to get things done outside your jurisdiction? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 005 ROEL OBUSAN PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CHIEF OF THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AND DETECTION GROUP

Date of Birth: 11/20/1961 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Roel Obusan currently serves as Chief of the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG). He was appointed in February of 2017. His appointment is a step up from his former position of Police Director in the Philippine National Police Force. The CIDG is the main investigative arm of the PNP. His primary work occurs at his office at the CIDG National Headquarters Camp Crame in Quezon City.

Obusan was born in 1961 in Poblacion, Lacoc municipality in Pangasinan province, Philippines. He is the oldest of five children. Obusan graduated from Manaoag National High School in 1979 at the top of his class. Obusan graduated from the Philippine Military Academy in 1986; his class was nicknamed the Sinagtala. He is still extremely close with members of his class, many of who are also involved with the PNP in some capacity. He has an undergraduate degree in Law Studies and a degree to practice criminal law. Obusan currently resides in Quezon City, Philippines. He has a wife named Mary Ann Theresa. Together they both have two boys; Roe and Anthony.

Obusan is officially a lawyer by profession and has specialized in prosecuting people that have committed crimes against the government. While he was a fairly successful lawyer, he furthered his career through assigned tasks in the the Philippine National Police Force. In the PNP, he was able to find more success. He has been sent throughout the Philippines to carry out important missions, many of which he successfully accomplished. Obusan rose through the ranks and is a decorated police officer. Major points of his police career have been arresting two high profile criminals and a leader of the Communist Party of the Philippines prior to his post in the CIDG. In reference to his work in the PNP, he is said to be dedicated to police service and has been looked at as a beacon for anti-corruption within the PNP.

As Chief of the CIDG, Obusan has a vision of preventing and suppressing crime in the Philippines. He has also put himself on the forefront of the Philippines War on Drugs. Obusan is consistent in trying to take down drug lords and drug rings. Under his tenure as Chief, top name Drug Lord, Franz Sabalones, has come under the Philippine Police Force’s custody. Obusan has been using this as a means of finding more drug rings and possibly investigate drug connections and corruption within the Philippine government.

Obusan and his office have also investigated two other important drug kingpins in the Philippines: Peter Lim and Kerwin Espinosa. Obusan had spoke in press THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 005 conferences saying that the CIDG was assured that Lim and Espinosa would be charged. This essentially could be helpful in sweeping out many drug rings that are operated by the two. The charges against the two were dropped after controversial details about the case arose as it progressed. Obusan and the CIDG were accused of using pressure against to force them Lim and Espinosa to admit to being part of drug trafficking in the country. Obusan has re-dedicated the CIDG to bringing back charges against Lim and Espinosa which had been dismissed.

Obusan’s authoritative measures within the CIDG have recently led to backlash. Obusan is currently being served with a Petition for Writ of Certiorari in the Philippine Supreme Court for his position as Chief of the CIDG. This may relate to human rights abuses that his office has been accused of committing. Recently, Obusan’s team organized and executed a drug raid that ended with eleven people killed.

Overt Powers I. Chooses which cases are brought to the Philippine Department of Justice II. Subpoena power to compel witnesses to provide any information or evidence they have III. Has the authority to arrest and interrogate as he pleases, especially detainees accused of high crimes. Leading Questions I. How can you use your powers (overt and/or covert) to advance the drug war in the president’s favor? II. Are there witnesses that you have detained or government employees that can get you more information about drug kingpins? III. How will your position influence corruption in the government? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 006 DENNIS SIERVO PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CHIEF OF HUMAN RIGHTS AFFAIRS OFFICE

Date of Birth: 10/01/1965 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Dennis A. Siervo currently serves as the Chief of Human Rights Affairs in the Philippine National Police Force. His work office is in Camp Crame, Quezon City. He resides in Manilla with his wife Lilian. He has a daughter named Jasmine who is married to a businessman, Jonah.

Siervo was born into a small family on the outskirts of Manilla. He only has a sister, of which he is older than. His father died when Siervo was young. Siervo was raised by his single mother. As a child, Siervo was more focused on sports than academics. Upon graduating from high school, Siervo went straight to the Philippine Military Academy. He graduated from the academy in 1985. He joined the airforce where he stood out as an exemplary soldier. He was recommended to join the Philippine National Police Force. In his early PNP days, Siervo worked with civilian relations. It was at PNP, that he met his wife who was a secretary. Siervo’s dedication to structure and strict authority led him to rise in ranks in the Philippine National Police Force.

Even though Siervo has gained respect in the PNP, he has also received some push back with him trying to change some of the operations within the PNP. He was relieved from his duties at the Firearms and Explosives Office after introducing a new plan to simplify the gun licensing process. Siervo had previously worked as the Senior Superintendent of the Firearms and Explosives Office. The FEO is notoriously known as controversial because heads of the office have been accused of corruption within and outside the FEO. He was appointed to the position after replacing another Director. Siervo’s new process towards gun licenses would have digitized the program. Citizens would have been able to apply for a gun license and registration online. Siervo’s new idea was a response to complaints from gun owners about the centralization of FEO services through one company called Werfast. About one week after revealing this new process, Siervo was relieved from his post (other people have been relieved of their post because of the FEO’s connection to Werfast). Since then, it has taken Siervo about three years to regain prominence within the Philippine National Police Force.

As Chief of the Human Rights Affairs Office, Siervo has been working to put police officers on the same page about human rights. He has put his office in charge of monitoring police operations within the PNP. A large number of people put into police custody have ended up dead. Complaints have been issued against the PNP for human rights abuses when questioning people held in custody. Many of these THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 006 complaints have increased in the wake of the campaign against illegal drugs in the Philippines. Siervo has continually publicly disagreed with other cabinet member, Chief of the Criminal Investigation and Detention Group, Roel Obusan and his stance on interrogation.

Siervo has organized seminars and lectures to keep police officers to follow strict police procedures. Siervo has publicly acknowledged that more police officers need to be trained in understanding human rights. He released an app that would keep police officers updated on the rights of civilians. This app can also be used by civilians to report rights violations committed by the police. Overt Powers I. Investigate human rights violations II. Recommend policies that uphold human rights III. Make Philippine National Police Force to have systems that integrate human rights activities Leading Questions I. How can use your new human rights campaigns to rebuild public trust in officials? II. Do you know military leaders that are willing to help you hold the government responsible for its subtle corruption? III. How will your experience influence the PNP’s role in the drug war? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 007 POLICE CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT OF REGIONAL OFFICE 9

Date of Birth: 04/17/1960 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Debold Sinas is a Philippine native and has family who grew up and live in the region he work for. He has climbed the police ranks up until his current position where he is an effective leader and communicator within the community. With years of police experience and many leadership positions along the way, Sinas is proving himself a useful asset to the Duterte presidency. Sinas exercises operational jurisdiction over Central . Its area of responsibility covers the provinces of Cebu, , , and Siquijor. There are 13 cities, 120 municipalities, and 3,003 barangays. He claims peace in the area and control of the insurgency. He has been involved in the ruthless war against illegal drugs and has operated as a regional leader to kill and arrest criminals. Sinas is a leader who is not afraid to exercise his power. He has recently fired dozens of officers due to corruption and ties to illicit drug rings. He will do anything and everything to stop crime and is very proud of the low crime rate and lack of any large criminal action in his region. Recently his forces have killed and arrested over a hundred in association with illicit drugs and he has no plans on stopping anytime soon. He falls under the PNP commander but is often times granted whatever is needed. He works closely with the military and is familiar with the tactics and methods as well as weapons used and commanders in charge. Working with the military has allowed for unprecedented control in a region where extrajudicial killings took place recently and fairly frequently. Although constantly cooperating with the military, the actions taken by the police are intermediately independent and Sinas is the one commanding strategically leading his men and protecting the people of the area. Overt Powers I. Commands regional tactics and units, primarily focussing on drug and terrorism in the area. He has access to the police armory and vehicles as well as the ability to call for military action from the national government. II. Advises higher powers as to the action needed to effectively combat crime in the area and has a say in what the national government does to fight criminals and insurgents. As a battleground for previous insurgencies, he has the ability to effectively fight crime and insurgencies with relative success III. Work with for-profit organizations and NGOs to provide humanitarian relief and basic services to affected peoples. Coordination of aid that increases public opinion and citizen well-being. Cooperation allows for a unique partnership that has high efficacy and availability to citizens in times of crisis. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 007

Leading Questions I. How do NGO’s and private organizations create power for the military? II. Does the police have a good relationship with the public? III. What other organizations can help you in the war against drugs? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 008 GALILEO GERARD KINTANAR COMMANDING GENERAL OF THE AIR FORCE

Date of Birth: 01/14/1964 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Lieutenant General Kintanar was born on 14 January 1964 in Baguio City. He was born to Brigadier General Galileo Sr and Lillian Kintanar. He is married to Dr Ma. Marlene and has 2 daughters, Janelle Patricia and Marie Abigail.

Kintanar assumed position as the 35th Commanding General of the on 24 October 2017. He graduated 4th in his class at the Philippine Military Academy in 1985. He was the Class Regimental Commander and given an award by Philippine Military Academy leadership for his excellence and commitment to his work and the military.

He started his career in the Air Force in 1997 at Undergraduate Pilot Training. As demonstrated previously, he graduated top of his class with a distinct award, continuing his excellence in the academic military world. Due to his new prowess in aviation, Kintanar became a part a unit both testing and scouting the region in “Tora-Tora” aircraft and similarly sized T-41 Cessna aircraft. His continued outstanding performance excelled him into a position of leadership. In 1999, Kintanar became the leader of the 101st Primary Pilot Training Squadron and taught new aviators how to fly. This cemented him as an educator and proved his commitment to making the Philippine’s Air Force an entity to be reckoned with. The expertise demonstrated has led to the creation of stronger legions and soldier that can fight effectively and with ease.

Not only did Kintinar study domestically at military academies, he scrutinized at local schools and took his education abroad as well. He continued his streak of academic superiority in 1990 at the Special Intelligence Training School, in 1994 at the Squadron Officer Course in Alabama, USA, and again in 2006 at the AFP Command and General Staff College. He took his education seriously and committed to being the best in all aspects of military life attending more AFP courses and even degrees at Canberra and Deakin University. If all of this education isn’t enough, Kintinar also graduated from the Asian Institute of Management with a Masters in Business Management and a Masters in Public Administration from the Philippine Cristian University. As an academic, he is exceptionally accomplished among his colleagues and has a plethora of connection across the world and within the Philippines both militarily and publicly. He has been a military leader who genuinely cares about knowing what the best option is and with a plethora of degrees under his belt, it is safe to say he leads effectively and is informed of all options. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 008

Kintinar has been the Commander of the 550th Air Base Group at Fernando Air Base, the Secretary of Air Staff and Director for Plans A-5, and Director of Office of the Strategic and Special Studies at GHQ. He had leadership positions during the Zamboanga Siege and has proven his strategic and intellectual capabilities and among other things, his quick and effective support for fellow troops in times of need and battle, no matter the situation. He has held the title of 60th Chief of Air Staff, 1st Commander of the Air Education Training and Doctrines Command, and until his current position was the Commander of the Western Command for the Philippines. He has shown his role as an exceptional leader and educator which has open a multitude of pathways for him all the way up to his current title, 35th Commanding General of the Philippine Air Force.

As Kintinar continues to lead the national organization he will provide excellent support to troop within the Philippine Archipelago and will provide unequivocal support and expertise for the president and all national advisors. He will be a key component of the future of military action and cooperation with the , as well as regional actors and powers like and Japan. Overt Powers I. Kintanar controls personnel of the Air Force and can deploy them to any situation as needed even if it doesn’t directly involve a plethora of aircraft II. Kintanar had access to the entirety of the Air Forces weapons arsonal. Lots of this is helpful since years of testing planes gives an insight on new technologies and special projects occurring within the Air Force. III. Kintanar meets with US officials to communicate a commitment to alliance and is key to forging a US-Philippines partnership. As such, he is a great diplomat and has the skills needed to foster partnerships between the Air Force and other larger organizations (domestic or foreign). Leading Questions I. Who can you contact to support and create national strategy that sides with you? II. Did air support to regions affected by the war on drugs slow the smugglers or help the issues? III. How has international cooperation worked in the past for the Air Force? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 009 MARNI MARCOS JR. DIRECTOR OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ANTI-CYBERCRIME GROUP

Date of Birth: 03/08/1966 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Marni C. Marcos Jr. was born on March 8, 1966 in Baguio, Philippines. His parents were farmers and he was the only boy of 9 children. Marcos is now married to his wife, Mahalia Bautista and they have 6 children together, 4 girls and 2 boys. He attended the Mary Immaculate School Baguio, City. For college, he attended the University of Baguio and then the Philippine Military Academy. Prior to working at the PNP anti-cybercrime group, Marcos was a senior police and held other, lower positions at the anti-cybercrime group.

Marni C. Marcos Jr. is the director of the Philippine anti-cybercrime group. This group works to implement laws pertaining to cybercrimes and creates anti-cybercrime campaigns within the PNP. This group initiated the cybercrime prevention act of 2012, which addressed legal issues having to do with online interactions over the Internet. Through this act, the anti-cybercrime group can monitor the online activity of thousands of Philippine citizens, if they suspect illegal activity.

Marcos has been awarded numerous awards during throughout his career with the Philippine National Police of which he is very proud of and brags of often. He was given an award from the Police Chief, Oscar Albayalde, for having the most arrests of any individual in the history of the anti-cybercrime group.On July 27, 2018, Marcos received a Letter of Commendation from the Deputy Director General of the Criminal Investigation Department, Ministry of Public Security of People’s Republic of China for the crackdown of 151 Chinese Nationals involved in telecom fraud. Also, on October 2, 2018, the anti-cybercrime group, under the leadership of Marcos, were awarded the Medalya NG Kadakilaan award for demonstrating exemplary efficiency and devotion to duty during their successful implementation of search warrants against International Branding Development Marketing Inc, which resulted in a record number of arrests. Additionally, during this operation, 8 Israeli Nationals were nabbed for violation of Filipino law and profiting from millions of US dollars in their illegal operation. Overt Powers I. Marcos is in charge of the entire anti-cybercrime group and can send the officers within the group on any mission at any time that has to do with cyber security. II. Marcos has the ability to propose new cybersecurity laws to the PNP, which then needs to be approved by the director, however he can amend any existing law if he sees a reason for the law to be altered. III. Marcos also has a lot of influence and good connections with the directors of THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 009

other groups within the PNP and often advises them and works close with the directors during missions. Leading Questions I. How can you use your control over the anti-cybercrime group to fight the insurgents? II. In what ways has the anti-cybercrime group helped the police force in the past with the issue of insurgents? III. How could your group help fight the war on drugs? What role does the internet and cybercrime play on the trading of drugs? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 010 DANTE GIERRAN DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

Date of Birth: 09/24/1960 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Atty. Dante A Gierran, a native of Davao city where he was brought up and completed his education, is the present director of the National Bureau of Investigation. He is a man of humble beginnings who worked hard for over two decades to move up the ranks and finally become the director of the National Bureau of Investigation.

He holds three degrees - a bachelor’s of law from the University of Mindanao, Davao City and International Harvadian University, Class of 1993; an MBA from the University of Southern Philippines (USP), Davao City, Class of 1987 and finally, a BSc in accounting from the Memorial Colleges, Davao City, Class of 1978. He worked extremely hard to pay for his college education, while at Rizal he was already working as a security guard and bill collector for Tardal Security Guards Service in order to support his family and pay for his education; he did this job for over seven years. He graduated from Rizal at the top of his class and that helped him earn the position of a part-time professor at the Agro-Industrial Foundation of the Philippines College and International Harvadian University; additionally, he also got a job as a credit investigator/accountant at the Manilabank, Davao City. Both these jobs put together allowed him to comfortably pay for his MBA at the University of Southern Philippines, which he graduated with honours, and support his family at the same time. From this point onwards his career went uphill; while at the University of Mindanao, where he was pursuing his LLB, he was recruited as a Line agent by the National Bureau of Investigation. He served the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) as a line agent for 13 years, from 1990 to 2003, in Manila, Davao city and Vigan City. Post that he served as an executive officer and a chief investigator for different divisions in the NBI, and right before he was promoted to the position of the Director of the NBI he served as the acting regional director of the NBI in Davao city.

As the director of the NBI he is responsible for making important decisions, which at time may be morally questionable. Due to this he has multiple allegations against him, for capturing and killing suspects, the most notable one being feeding a suspect to a crocodile, a rather bold one. He also has multiple kidnapping allegations against him.

He’s currently heading, along with the department of justice, the investigation of the murder of five Philippines Drug Enforcement Agency agents in an autonomous muslim region. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 010

He has five kids - three daughters and two sons - and is married to Rosamie Gierran who he met while doing his LLB; she is one of the most reputed public defenders in the Philippines. Overt Powers Note - more than direct powers the NBI has the role of assisting and serving the department of justice in its investigations. Therefore, all of the NBI’s actions must be aligned with the goals and objectives of the DoJ.

I. Can call for investigations - either as his own initiative or in public interest. II. Has control over all of the country’s top resources required for investigations - technological and scientific - which it can use as need be. III. Officially has access to databases containing criminal records and sensitive information regarding national security. IV. Can detain and investigate suspects as he deems fit

Jurisdiction: The jurisdiction of the Bureau is national in scope and its power to investigate cases extends to all municipalities, cities and provinces of the entire Philippine Archipelago. Leading Questions I. What role has the NBI played in the past in the war against drugs in the Philippines? And what role does it have moving forward? II. How can you use your influence as the director of the NBI to deal with the Department of Justice in the event of a conflict with them? III. Unlike most other officers in the committee you do not have political or business contacts, how can you make up for this by maximising your covert and overt powers? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 011 EDUARDO SERAPIO GARADO DIRECTOR OF DIRECTORATE FOR COMMUNITY POLICE RELATIONS

Date of Birth: 09/29/1972 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Eduardo Garado is from Quezon City, Philippines. He is the middle child of three children. He has an older brother and younger sister. His father was a teacher and his mother was a pharmacist. Garado’s parents had a stable place in the middle class, so Garado lived a comfortable childhood. Garado currently lives in Quezon City. His work office is located in Camp Crame, Quezon City. He lives with his french bulldog Franny. He isn’t married and has no children. He is active in the lives of his nieces. Garado lives by his parents.

As a child, Garado was particularly focused on being surrounded by friends and family. He joined multiple student councils and organizations throughout his elementary and high school years. Garado completed his high school degree. After high school, he went to work as a secretary for a business firm. Garado later went on to join the Philippine Military Academy.

After graduation from the Military Academy, Garado was accepted in the Philippine National Police Force. He has been an officer since 1985. He initially worked in the lower ranks of the regional offices in the PNP. He finally choose to settle in Police Region 4, which included his hometown Quezon City, and climb up the ranks there. Garado was promoted to Senior Superintendent of Police Region 4. There he actively worked to improve the quality of life among the residents of Region 4. Garado was promoted to the Directorate for Integrated Operations in Southern before being reassigned. His rank in the Philippine National Police Force became Police Chief Superintendent. Garado’s promotion opened up new opportunities for him within the Philippine Police Force. Essentially this encouraged him to seek higher ranks.

Garado was appointed as police director of Directorate for Community Police Relations on January 18, 2018. His work in regional offices gave him the qualifications he needed to oversee relations within communities. This position opened more positions for him within the PNP. He became the Chairman of the Disaster Incident Management Task Group (DIMTG)’s sub-committee on Disaster Management. It emphasizes that the police force needs to be more focused on human rights. He is currently the chairman of the PNP P.A.T.R.O.L. Plan 2030. This plan works to strengthen the PNP. After the hurricane that hit the Philippine in July, Garado and his department partnered with the PNP National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (NDRRMC). The Philippine Department of Education has been looking to implement new computer systems into public schools, but have THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 011 faced the issue of theft. Garado has said that a way of combating this is to have more security watch over the new technology. Garado plans on retiring from his current position on January 22, 2019. Overt Powers I. Working with disaster relief organizations II. Overseeing new community improvement programs III. Control over how the police force interacts with the community Leading Questions I. How can you use the business world to help make government operations more efficient? II. How can use your power to change how the PNP interacts the community to change public perception about police? III. How can you use your range of contacts at police regional offices to pinpoint where the violence in Mindanao is coming from? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 012 MANUEL VILLAR BILLIONAIRE AND FORMER POLITICIAN

Date of Birth: 12/13/1949 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Manuel "Manny" Bamba Villar Jr. is a Filipino billionaire businessman. He has been a Philippine Senator and the president of the .

Villar was born on December 13th 1949 to a middle class family in Tondo, an impoverished and densely populated district of Manila. After graduating from the University of the Philippines, he worked as an accountant and financial analyst, then launched a highly successful business in real estate. Villar's companies have built over 200,000 homes, and his business career made him one of the country's wealthiest persons.

Villar entered politics in 1992 when he was elected Congressman representing the district of Las Piñas-Muntinlupa, and later became Speaker of the House of Representatives. As Speaker, he presided over the impeachment of President by the House of Representatives in 2000. In 2001 he was elected Senator, and served as Senate President from 2006 to 2008. He was the candidate of the Nacionalista Party in the 2010 presidential election, which was won by Benigno Aquino III.

After obtaining his business degree Villar did a variety of jobs from being an accountant at the country’s largest accounting firm to working as a financial analyst for the Private Development Corporation of the Philippines, where his job was to sell World Bank loans. In the middle he attempted to start a business of his own, however, it did not work when his largest customer failed to pay him. After his job as a financial analyst he decided to start a business once again, he took a loan of 10,000 and to start a business that delivered sand and gravel for construction. Soon after than he took out another loan and expanding into building and selling homes as well. This very business venture was what turned into billion dollar business and made him the second richest person in the Philippines.

Villar entered politics in 1992 when he was elected to the House of Representatives, representing the district of Las Piñas-Muntinlupa. Due to congressional redistricting, he later represented the district of Las Piñas City. He served for three consecutive three-year terms, consistently posting landslide election victories.

Villar was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1998, during his third term in congress. As speaker, he presided over the impeachment of President Joseph Estrada over corruption allegations in November 2000. Along with a large group of lawmakers which include the Senate President, Hours after the THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 012 impeachment proceedings, congressmen allied with the president led a move to oust Villar from his post as speaker, replacing him with representative Arnulfo Fuentebella, an ally of President Estrada.

Less than a year later Villar ran for Senator in the 2001 election. Having recently resigned from Estrada's LAMMP coalition, he ran for Senator as an independent politician, but campaigned as a member of the People Power Coalition, the administration coalition party which was supportive of the recent 2001 EDSA Revolution. He was elected to the Senate. He later won re-election in 2007.

In July 2006, Villar was chosen Senate President, making him the first post-World War II public official to head both the House of Representatives and the Senate. In November 2008, Villar lost the support of the Senate majority, due to alleged fabricated accusations thrown on him by political enemies on the C5 project. He then resigned as President of the Senate and was succeeded by . Overt Powers None, although he may have influence from his former roles in the government. He isn’t in office anymore and hence doesn’t have any overt powers. Leading Questions I. How can you best maximise the unparalleled advantage you have over the committee in terms of financial resources to have a strong impact. II. Unlike most others in the committee you do not have overt powers. What strategies can you employ, using your covert powers, to make up for this disadvantage you have? III. How best can you use the popularity you have among the working and middle class in the Philippines, due to your political career, to solve the crisis at hand? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 013 ELIZABETH BUENSUCESO PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE TO ASEAN

Date of Birth: 01/20/1952 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Ambassador Elizabeth P. Buensuceso a Philippine diplomat and economist who is currently the permanent representative for the Philippines to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN is a regional cooperative international organization which is “aimed primarily at promoting economic growth among its members.” The organization currently has 10 members: Brunei, Cambodia, , , Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, , and the Philippines. For the purpose of promoting regional peace and cooperation, ASEAN members have signed a treaty agreeing to not develop nuclear weapons, many have supported a counter-terrorism pact including intelligence sharing and extradition of terror suspects. Within the ASEAN umbrella, Buensuceso is also the Chair of the Committee of Permanent Representatives (CPR), the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR), the Meetings of the East Asia Summit (EAS) Ambassadors, and the Asean Connectivity Coordinating Committee (ACCC).

Buensuceso currently lives in Manila with her family, and she is a devout Christian. Her long history with the Philippine Foreign Service started 35 years ago shortly after she completed her undergraduate education. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English, magna cum laude, and a Master of Arts in Asian Studies from the University of the Philippines. Buensuceso loves to teach and first took the Foreign Service Exam at the age of 24 while she was working as professor of Literature and Philosophy at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.

Buensuceso has made a name for herself in international circles, particularly for her fierce advocacy for Philippine national interests including the international trade of Philippine products like natural-grade Carrageenan. Prior to starting her work with the ASEAN she was posted as the Ambassador to Norway (with concurrent accreditation to Denmark and Iceland) and as the Ambassador to Lao PDR. Before she was elevated to the level of Ambassador she served in postings in Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, and Brussels. Buensuceso also worked in the Home Office as the Head of the Economic Diplomacy Unit and the Assistant Secretary for European Affairs among other positions. Overt Powers I. Oversees the Philippines’ permanent mission to the ASEAN II. Negotiates regional and global economic and security policy on behalf of the the Philippines III. Chairs several influential ASEAN subcommittees THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 013

Leading Questions I. What influence do commitments made in ASEAN have on domestic policy? II. What potential tools can ASEAN provide to deal with crises confronting the Philippines? III. How important is it that Philippine goods are traded internationally? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 014 DANIEL CASABAR DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT ARSENAL

Date of Birth: 01/29/1956 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Retired Major General Daniel Casabar, the former commander of the Special Operations Command was named the Director of the Government Arsenal in 2017. The Government Arsenal is responsible for the production, storage, and maintenance of basic weapons, ammunition, and equipment used by the Philippine military, police, and other governmental law enforcement agencies. This is part of an long-term Philippine government plant to no longer be reliant on other nations for the equipment needed to keep their citizens safe.

The Government Arsenal was created in 1957 in order to: I. Formulate plans and programs to achieve self-sufficiency in small arms, mortars and other weapons and munitions; II. Design, develop, manufacture, procure, stockpile and allocate arms, mortars and other weapons and munitions without the necessity of obtaining any permits or licenses; III. Devise ways and means for the efficient mobilization of civilian industry to augment the production of the Government Arsenal in times of emergency (all from website)

Since taking over as the Director of the Government Arsenal, Casabar has been critical in rebuilding the slowing production capacity of the Philippines’ domestic small-arms and equipment facilities. This has been critical in the face of the United States State Department announcing that they will slow exports of rifles to the islands in objection to President Duterte’s war on drugs. Casabar leads a large team of administrators, support officers, and engineers, the majority of whom formerly served in the .

Prior to assuming control of the Government Arsenal, Casabar was the commander of the Special Operations Command which is a unified command connecting all different branches of the Philippines armed forces and facilitating joint special operations in many different operational environments. In his private life, Casabar is passionate about advocating for providing educational assistance to the children of Filipino soldiers killed in action or incapa incapacitated while in the line of duty. He comes from a long line of soldiers and has several children serving in the Philippine Armed Forces. Overt Powers I. Manages the manufacture and stockpiling of most of the small arms and equipment used by the Philippine National Police and Armed Forces II. Has the ability to order the design and manufacture of new weapons through government owned factories III. Oversees the sale of excess arms THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 014

government owned factories III. Oversees the sale of excess arms Leading Questions I. What is the importance of having a domestic productions of arms and equipment? II. What would happen if the Philippines returned to 2017 levels of arms production? III. What is the relationship between the PNP and the Armed Forces? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 015 ALFEGAR TRIAMBULO INSPECTOR GENERAL OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE

Date of Birth: 05/01/1959 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Alfegar M. Triambulo was a career attorney who now works as the Inspector General of Internal Affairs Service in the Philippine Police Force. He was born into an affluent family in City. He was an only child. His mother was a socialite and his father a doctor. His work office is in Camp Crame, Quezon City; he lives in Manila. Triambulo has a wife who works as a secretary in a government office. They have no children, but they do have a dog named Bettie.

As a child, Triambulo was active in academics and showed promise of being a good leader. He was in student government throughout his primary and secondary school education. Triambulo went straight to university after high school and got a B.A. in political science. Triambulo went to law school and received his law degree. He passed the lawyer license examination test and started to practice criminal law.

Triambulo worked a lawyer defending clients that were being charged federal and state crimes. He often had to work with clients that had filed complaints against the police force or government officials. Triambulo tended to take on cases that had to do with human rights abuses. His dedication to holding police officials and public figures accountable, led him to be recruited to oversee police units. Triambulo was the acting regional chief of the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) for Police Regional Office 11- Davao. He did not have the official title of a police officer in the Philippine National Police Force, but was as a civilian attorney working on behalf of the PNP.

Triambulo went from working in NAPOLCOM to working as the Internal Affairs Service Inspector. He was sworn into his position on December 2, 2016. He was specifically chosen based on the President’s wishes. Even though it is expressed in documents that the IAS Inspector should not be part of the PNP, Triambulo is the second IAS Inspector General not from the PNP to be appointed to the position.

Since entering his job, he has expressed a dedication to cleansing the Philippine National Police Force. There has been a system the PNP that allowed police officers to continuously break protocol. This has become a culture with the PNP, and Triambulo has been trying to put an end to this. The decisions he has made have placed limits on the ways the PNP operates and how the PNP interacts with residents and citizens. Triambulo has adopted a policy of holding all police officers accountable for any human rights abuses. His office has investigated dozens of cases which have led to a dismal of many police officers in the PNP. His actions THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 015 have been influential in restructuring the PNP. The Internal Affairs Service Office no longer tolerates the PNP misusing its power. Any case of human rights abuse and misuse of power are now being extensively investigated. Overt Powers I. Investigate cases involving misuse of power by the PNP II. Dismiss police officers from their positions III. Give opinion in how PNP should be held accountable (ie: punishments) Leading Questions I. Can more officers be brought to justice with your covert powers? II. How can you make upholding human rights a main priority in the PNP? III. Many cases concerning the PNP have been swept under the rug because of the Drug War, what steps can be taken to reduce drugs will still maintaining rule of law within the PNP? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 016 FORMER FIRST LADY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Date of Birth: 07/02/1929 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Imelda Marcos is the widow of former Filipino dictator who was the 10th President of the Philippines. While she is most commonly associated with her late husband's regime, she remains influential today as a Filipino socialite, politician, and leader in the Nacionalista party.

Imelda Remedios Visitación Romuáldez was born in Manila in 1929. She is a heir to the influential Romuáldez political dynasty. Several of her relatives served as governors, Supreme Court justices, and other significant political figures. Marcos built a career as a singer and beauty queen before she was courted by her late husband in the 1950s. The couple ultimately had three children. Marcos has a degree in education from Divine Word University where she also became fluent in Mandarin Chinese. As first lady, she was often compared to Jacqueline Kennedy.

Apart from the human rights abuses of her husband, Marcos was criticized for her lavish spending and obsession with American fashion. During the 1970s, Marcos served as the governor of the Manila metro area and as a member of the National Assembly. She played a key role as a charismatic mediator between her husband and his people. As her husband started to lose power in the 1980s Marcos was forced to flee the Philippines and move to Hawaii. After making a return in 1991, Marcos immediately entered the political scene with a bid for the presidency despite being charged and convicted of corruption. This conviction was ultimately thrown out by the Philippine Supreme Court.

Marcos has made waves as a contemporary politician. She won her first election to the Philippine House of Representatives in the mid-1990s. Recently, in 2010, she was elected as the representative for her late husband’s home province of Ilocos Norte. She was reelected in 2013 and for a final third term in 2016. Her daughter and son are also both serving as regional governor and national senator respectively.

Although Marcos has remade herself since returning from exile, her reputation in many regions of the Philippines is still tainted by the memories of her husband’s regime. To this day, she is still the subject of many investigations and defending against residual legal action. There is much speculation that she retains an extraordinary trove of wealth leftover from her time as first lady in secret offshore bank accounts. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 016

Overt Powers I. She is an influential member of the Philippine National Assembly II. She has serious clout in the Ilocos Norte province where her daughter is the Governor and her son is the national senator III. She has been independently wealthy since returning to the Philippines from Hawaii, her declared net-worth is $22m second only to Manny Pacquiao Leading Questions I. How is Imelda Marcos’ reputation still tarnished by the shadow of her husband’s dictatorship? II. How has the Philippines changed since Marcos was first lady? III. What power does the Nacionalista party have over the day to day operation of the PNP? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 017 ROBERT EMPEDRAD NAVY FLAG OFFICER IN-COMMAND

Date of Birth: 02/20/1965 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Empedrad currently serves as the Flag Officer in Command (FOIC) and was appointed in January of 2018 and previously served as the Rear Admiral for the Navy. He is exceptionally loyal to his country and the Navy. After the Previous Flag Officer was released for insubordination, Empedrad has reaffirmed his commitments to his superiors and the programs that will best serve his nation. He studied at the Philippine Military Academy Sinagtala Class of 1986 and made a plethora of connections, including those in freemasonry and many national organizations. Empedrad was involved with a controversial P15.5-billion frigate acquisition project that saw clash within the Navy and the Presidency. Despite this one controversy, he has expanded the force of the Navy in both sheer power, with the purchase of new ships, and tactics, with a view of current situations in a new light that works directly with the presidency. As FOIC he has changed the Navy in small but clearly measurable ways, including international cooperation and maritime operations.

He has 4 siblings who also live in the Philippines and has a very large extended family. He is a happy man who keeps to himself while allowing others to see the joy that he gains from serving his country. Empedrad attends many Naval ceremonies and works to congratulate those who have excelled in their duties within the Navy. He is a man of honor and respect for authority. Overt Powers I. Empedrad commands the complete Naval Forces of the Philippines, including the entirety of the Marine Corps and has the ability to move and distribute troops within the Philippines and surrounding areas. II. Empedrad can invest in future technologies and may invest the Navy’s funds into ships and submarines that will help to protect the Philippines. He can choose what the imperative needs are of the Navy on an economic and fiscal scale. III. Empedrad has the ability to create, eliminate, or shift alliances with other nation’s Naval leaders. From visiting foreign countries to maritime sea operations his interactions shape the willingness of foreign Naval operations with the Philippines and with his troops in-particular. Leading Questions I. What tactics are being used by the government that require the Navy’s cooperation? II. How has the Navy intervened and acted in past terrorist conflicts that occured on land? III. What operations have been worked on jointly with other military branches or nations? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 018 ERNEST CU CEO OF GLOBE TELECOM

Date of Birth: 05/29/1961 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Ernest L. Cu is 57 years old and has been the CEO of Globe Telecom since 2009. He is a member of the Management Committee for Ayala Corporation and is currently a board member in both Spi Technologies Inc as the Vice Chairman, and the Systems Technology Inst Inc as a Board Member. He is also a member of Makati Business Club and the American Chamber of Commerce. Cu received an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management of Northwestern University and a Bachelor's Degree from de LA Salle College.

Cu has provided a ground for development and in both marketing and technology. He has emphasized collaboration and community as services develop and continue to grow. Globe has been constantly outperforming in the industry and it landed them as the top mobile brand and company in the Philippines. Cu has focused on changing the corporation to allow for sustenance in the future while leading the Philippine business world. His ambitions include accessible broadband services to 2 million houses by 2020

Cu was honored when he became a finalist in the “CEO of the Year” category at the World Communications Awards in 2017. This is not his only award as several other award groups have given Cu the title of “Best CEO” ever since he came into power in Globe Telecom. In 2010, he earned the “Best CEO” from Finance Asia and also received the “CEO EXCEL Award for communication excellence in telecom” from the IT International Association of Business Communicators Philippines. In 2012, Cu was awarded as the “CEO of the Year” by Frost&Sullivan Asia Pacific. Overt Powers I. Cu has the ability to influence what technologies are spread to the Philippines, specifically television and electronics, but with his influence he can sway other sectors as well. II. Cu can make deals with large international corporations that will expand his company and create more jobs for the people of the Philippines. As a business mogul his power of job creation and sector innovation can expand the working capacity of the economy of the Philippines and shift communication business’s stances. III. Cu controls a large section of the market and is involved multiple other businesses related to technology. Leading Questions I. What does Globe, as a corporation, have to gain from intervening in the issues present? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 019

II) How have businesses mingled with politics and payed for positions in the government? III) Does Globe compete with other actors that are present? What military positions and/or branches have cooperated with the corporate world, and how? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 019 MENARDO GUEVARRA SECRETARY OF JUSTICE

Date of Birth: 12/24/1954 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Menardo Guevarra is the father to 4 boys who he likes to brag about often. All of his boys are not married except his youngest and he now has 4 grandchildren who he loves to spoil. He is currently 64 years old. He attended the Ateneo de Manila University for his undergraduate degree. Here, he majored in political science and in 1974, he graduated magna cum laude. He then went on to get his master’s in economics from the University of the Philippines. While he was a part time student at the University of the Philippines, Guevarra worked as a staff economist at the National Economic and Development Authority and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. One of his former classmates in these evening classes was the former budget secretary Butch Abad. After receiving his master’s in economics, Guevarra went on to be a part-time law school student in order to get his degree and he scored extremely high on the law bar exam. He received almost a perfect score on the bar and placed second among the other bar takers in 1985.

Guevarra now serves as the Secretary of Justice. He took the oath to enter this job on June 30, 2016. Previously, he was the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs for the former President, Benigno Aquino III. In this position, Guevarra reviewed all of the legal matters that came to the Office of the President. After that, he worked as the commissioner at the Philippine Competition Commission under President Aquino III. Right after graduating from law school, Guevarra worked as technical staff of the 1986 Constitutional Commission. The Constitutional Commission is a group of law experts who were directed by president to draft the post-Marcos charter. Additionally, Guevarra worked as a professor at Ateneo and at Dinagat Island Representative Kaka bag-ao. He taught in civil law, criminal law, and administrative litigation.

In his free time, Guevarra enjoys watching UAAP games, with his favorite sports being men’s basketball and women’s volleyball.

With President Duterte’s new initiatives to suppress crime and illegal drugs, Gueverra and other Secretaries have felt a lot of pressure to meet the goals of the administration. Overt Powers I. As Secretary of Justice, Guevarra has a lot of control over the courts in the Philippines and has a lot of influence over important cases and judges II. Guevarra also has control over the financial services in the justice department, so he also controls the budget. He approves all of the THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 019

purchases. He also has the ability to make a lot of decisions regarding what the budget is spent on. III. Additionally, Guevarra oversees the Office of Cybercrime within the justice department. Therefore, he also has control over charging cybercriminals and has access to all of the information of the cybercriminals in the Philippines defense database. Leading Questions I. How could you use your influence over the justice system to deal with insurgent and to help with the war on drugs? II. What strategies has the justice department utilized in the past to deal with insurgents and drug crimes? III. What countries could you call upon to help you if the insurgents try to take over? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 020 LUIS ANTONIO GOKIM TAGLE ARCHBISHOP OF MANILA

Date of Birth: 06/24/1957 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Luis Antonio Gokim Tagleis the 32ndArchbishop of Manila and the President of Caritas International, which is a catholic federation that works with developmental and social services. He became the Archbishop of Manila in December of 2011 and a cardinal in November of 2012. He is also the President of the Catholic Biblical Federation. He has a lot of very strong beliefs that he incorporates in his practice as Archbishop. Some of those include helping out the poor and less fortunate, fighting against “practical atheism,” and discouraging abortion and the use of contraception. Tagle is often referred to as the “Asian Francis,” comparing him to Pope Francis, and he represents the progressive wing of the Church. His progressive nature can be seen when he disagreed with the Catholic Church for using “harsh words” to talk about the LGBT community, divorced individuals, and remarried individuals. Additionally, Tagle will often allow divorced or remarried Catholics to receive communion (generally a frowned upon practice in the Catholic Church). Along with being progressive, Tagle is also very intelligent. He is fluent in Filipino, English, Italian and partly fluent in Spanish, French, and Latin.

Tagle was born in June of 1957 to Manuel Topacio Tagle and Milagros Gokim. His dad is originally from the Philippines; however, his mom is Chinese Filipino. His mom also used to work for the Equitable PCI Bank. His family is also of Hispanic decent and were part of the Christian aristocracy, which were elites before the .

Tagle went to elementary and high school at Saint Andrew’s School in Parañaque. After that, he attended the Jesuit San José Seminary and the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University. He received a Bachelor’s in pre-divinity, a master’s in theology from Loyola School of Theology and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology from the Catholic University of America in 1991.

Tagle was appointed by Pope John Paul II to the International Theological Commission. He also is known to call for an increase in the number of priests at conferences. He has even suggested a change to the rule of celibacy for priests in order to attract more men to priesthood. He also talks often at conferences about the issue of sexual abuse by priests in the Church in Asia and how a change in the celibacy rules would prevent the majority of this abuse. He has won many awards throughout his life time, including the Outstanding Manilan in 2013 and the Fides award in 2015. Additionally, Tagle is the host of “The Word Exposed,” which is a Catholic television program that is produced by the Jesuit Communications Foundation. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 020

Overt Powers I. The politicians greatly respect Tagle since he is a significant religious leader. Tagle has some close relationships with high up politicians in the Philippines who he meets with weekly and suggests policies. II. Tagle is also one of the individuals who decides how the Church’s budget is used in the Philippines. With some restrictions, he can choose what the Church purchases and uses their money for. III. Tagle uses his “The Word Exposed” television program as a platform to endorse certain ideals among the people. Some of the ideas he is currently promoting is an increase in the use of public funds for the war on drugs and an increase in force used against the insurgents. Leading Questions I. How could you use your religious influence and the respect that the people have for you to impact the war on drugs and insurgents? II. In what ways has the Church impacted policy making in the past? III. How could you use your international connections of being part of a global church to help deal with the insurgents? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 021 JAIME AUGUSTO ZOBEL DE AYALA CEO OF AYALA CORPORATION

Date of Birth: 03/06/1959 Home Country: The Philippines Biography Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala is the current Chairman and Chief Executive of the Ayala Corporation. He took the position of CEO and president in 1994 and the position of chairman in 2006, succeeding his father. Besides being the head of the Ayala Corporation, Zobel is also the chairman of Globe Telecom, Bank of the Philippine Islands, and Integrated Microelectronics Inc. Additionally, he is the vice chairman of the board of directors, and a member, of the Executive Committee of Ayala Land, Inc., and of Manila Water Co. On top of all that, Zobel is also the co-chairman and trustee of the Ayala Foundation Inc.

In addition to all of these positions, Zobel also is on the board of numerous different international and local businesses, including: Mitsubishi Corporation International Advisory Committee, Harvard Business School Asia-Pacific Advisory Board, Singapore Management University Advisory Council in the Philippines, Singapore Management University Board of Trustees, Harvard Global Advisory Council, J.P. Morgan International Council, University of Tokyo Global Advisory Board, Board of Trustees of Endeavor Philippines, Eisenhower Fellowships, and Harvard University Asia Center Advisory Committee.

Zobel has received numerous awards and honors due to his heavy presence and commitment to the business world. In 1995, he received the honor of the World Economic Forum Global Leader for Tomorrow and in 1998, he received the Emerging Markets CEO of the year. Furthermore, in 2007 Zobel received the highest honor of the Harvard Business School: The Alumni Achievement Award. Zobel got his MBA from the Harvard Business School and he was the first ever Filipino to receive that award. Zobel has a lot of pride in himself for receiving all of these awards and likes to discuss his achievements often with friends. In 2017, the United Nations Global Compact named Zobel one of the 10 Sustainable Development Goals Pioneers for that year.

Zobel attended the Ateneo de Manila University from 1966 to 1968, the Ladycross School from 1968 to 1971, and the Worth School from 1972 to 1976 for his undergraduate degrees. He is married to Elizabeth Eder Zobel and they have 4 children together, Mariana, Jaime Alfonso III, Eugenia, and Mercedes.

The Ayala Corporation was founded during the Spanish colonial rule and is the oldest and largest company in the Philippines. It deals with many different business THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 021 interests, including investment in retail, education, real estate, banking, telecommunications, water infrastructure, renewable energy, electronics, information technology, automotive, healthcare, and management and business process outsourcing. Overt Powers I. As the chairman and CEO of Ayala Corporation, Zobel has a lot of control and influence on many different business sectors in the Philippines. Therefore, if he really wants a change in the practices or funding of one of the business sectors that Ayala Corp. has an interest in, it is likely that his request will be took into thorough consideration and often approved. II. Due to the large number of companies that Zobel works with and all of the awards he has won, he is well known and liked by the public. Therefore, the public will listen to what he has to say, and they respect his ideas a lot. The public also trusts Zobel greatly. III. Since Zobel is a member of the J.P. Morgan International Council, he has access to the financial information and records of those who have money in the bank. Leading Questions I. How can you use the many businesses that you oversee and have influence over to deal with the insurgents? II. How could your many international connections assist with the suppression of the insurgents? III. How have prominent business people in the past helped governments with issues such as insurgents? THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 022 MANUEL PANGILINAN CEO OF PLDT TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY

Date of Birth: 07/14/1946 Home Country: The Philippines

Biography Manuel Pangilinan holds multiple positions in his job portfolio. Currently, he is the Managing Director and CEO of the First Pacific Company Limited, Chairman of the Metro Pacific Investments Corporation and Philex Mining Corporation, and Chairman, President, and CEO of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company. All his businesses are not stationed in the Philippines. There are more associations that he is a part of. He overlooks industries in the sphere of electricity, hospitals, energy, colleges, and water, among others. He is connected to 111 board members in 19 different organizations in 23 different industries. Pangilinan does not only operate within the business network, but also has founded sports teams in the Philippines. He is known as a Philippine sports patron.

Manuel Pangilinan was born in Manilla, Philippines on July 14, 1946. He is 72 years old. He came from a hard working family. His dad was a teacher and his mom a daycare worker. He is the middle child of his family. He is the third child in out of four boys. Through his childhood, Pangilinan focused on excelling in his education, so that he could maintain a scholarship to go to his private school. He proved to be an intelligent child. Pangilinan went to San Beda University for his elementary and high school year; he was a part of the University’s Integrated Basic Education Department. After high school, Pangilinan decided to follow a business track. He went to Ateneo de Manilla University and graduated cum laude. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics. He went to graduate school in the United States. He was able to do so with a scholarship from Procter & Gamble. Pangilinan received an MBA from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School in 1968. Pangilinan has been given three honorary degrees.

Pangilinan’s early years in business started with his work in the Philippines. He worked at Philippine Investments Management Consultants for six years as an executive assistant to the president of the company. Pangilinan then moved on from working in the Philippines to work in Hong Kong. He stayed in Hong Kong for 22 years. There he worked as an investment banker and founded an investment management company called First Pacific. This company brought Pangilinan back to the Philippines to work with the numerous investments he had received with his company.

Pangilinan’s First Pacific gained strength and wealth and was able to buy a part of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Corporation (PLDT). This was the biggest telecommunications firm in the Philippines. Pangilinan used his leadership in PLDT THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE | POSITION 022 to resolve the company’s debt and technology issues.

Pangilinan has been given two national honors: the Orders of Lakandula. This honor is one of the highest honors given by the Philippines. Pangilinan has the honor as Commander on May 24, 2016, and as Grand Cross on June 5, 2010. Overt Powers I. Can dictate what gets broadcasted on some news outlets. II. Influences what companies can do because of all his investments. III. Oversees major forms of communication across the Philippines. Leading Questions I. Can your covert powers help you to influence government decisions in the Philippines? II. Does your control over telecommunications empower you decide what influx of information is being given to the Filipino people? III. Public perception impacts how citizens will react to a societal crisis, what role can power over telecommunications dictate how a society will view a crisis?