Pathogenicity Resulting from Mutation at the B Locus of Ustilago Maydis
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Study of Fungi- SBT 302 Mycology
MYCOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES DR. STANLEY KIMARU 2019 NOMENCLATURE-BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE, RULES OF NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI. KEY TO DIVISIONS AND SUB-DIVISIONS Taxonomy and Nomenclature Nomenclature is the naming of organisms. Both classification and nomenclature are governed by International code of Botanical Nomenclature, in order to devise stable methods of naming various taxa, As per binomial nomenclature, genus and species represent the name of an organism. Binomials when written should be underlined or italicized when printed. First letter of the genus should be capital and is commonly a noun, while species is often an adjective. An example for binomial can be cited as: Kingdom = Fungi Division = Eumycota Subdivision = Basidiomycotina Class = Teliomycetes Order = Uredinales Family = Pucciniaceae Genus = Puccinia Species = graminis Classification of Fungi An outline of classification (G.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman, The Fungi Vol. IV-B, 1973) Key to divisions of Mycota Plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium present. MYXOMYCOTA Plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium absent, Assimilative phase filamentous. EUMYCOTA MYXOMYCOTA Class: Plasmodiophoromycetes 1. Plasmodiophorales Plasmodiophoraceae Plasmodiophora, Spongospora, Polymyxa Key to sub divisions of Eumycota Motile cells (zoospores) present, … MASTIGOMYCOTINA Sexual spores typically oospores Motile cells absent Perfect (sexual) state present as Zygospores… ZYGOMYCOTINA Ascospores… ASCOMYCOTINA Basidiospores… BASIDIOMYCOTINA Perfect (sexual) state -
Master Thesis
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala 2011 Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Iuliia Kyiashchenko Master‟ thesis, 30 hec Ecology Master‟s programme SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Iuliia Kyiashchenko Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Uppsala 2011 Supervisors: Prof. Jonathan Yuen, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Anna Berlin, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Examiner: Anders Dahlberg, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Credits: 30 hp Level: E Subject: Biology Course title: Independent project in Biology Course code: EX0565 Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Key words: rust fungi, aecia, aeciospores, morphology, barberry, DNA sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis Front-page picture: Barberry bush infected by Puccinia spp., outside Trosa, Sweden. Photo: Anna Berlin 2 3 Content 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.1 Life cycle…………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.2 Hyphae and haustoria………………………………………………………………... 9 1.3 Rust taxonomy……………………………………………………………………….. 10 1.3.1 Formae specialis………………………………………………………………. 10 1.4 Economic importance………………………………………………………………... 10 2 Materials and methods……………………………………………………………... 13 2.1 Rust and barberry -
The Phylocode Applied to <I>Cintractiellales</I>, a New Order
VOLUME 6 DECEMBER 2020 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 55–64 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2020.06.04 The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in theUstilaginomycotina A.R. McTaggart1,2, C.J. Prychid3,4, J.J. Bruhl3, R.G. Shivas5* 1Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Australia 2Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 3School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, New South Wales, Australia 4Current address: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK 5Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia *Corresponding author: [email protected] The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript Key words: Abstract: The PhyloCode is used to classify taxa based on their relation to a most recent common ancestor as recovered Cyperaceae pathogens from a phylogenetic analysis. We examined the first specimen of Cintractiella (Ustilaginomycotina) collected from fungal systematics Australia and determined its systematic relationship to other Fungi. Three ribosomal DNA loci were analysed both ITS with and without constraint to a phylogenomic hypothesis of the Ustilaginomycotina. Cintractiella did not share a LSU most recent common ancestor with other orders of smut fungi. We used the PhyloCode to define theCintractiellales , new taxa a monogeneric order with four species of Cintractiella, including C. scirpodendri sp. nov. on Scirpodendron ghaeri. -
G. Monticola and G. Unicorne
Mycologia, 101 (6), 2009, pp. 790-809. DOl: 10.3852/08-221 2009 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence. KS 66044-8897 The rust fungus Gymnosporangium in Korea including two new species, G. monticola and G. unicorne Hye Young Yunt molecular as well as morphological characteristics. Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agri culture Analyses of phenotypic characters mapped onto the and I,j?' Sciences, .Seou1 National University, 56-1 Sin/i, tn-doug, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, phylogenetic tree show that teliospore length followed Republic of Korea by telia shape and telia length are conserved; these are morphological characters useful in differentiating Honga Soon Gyu species of G'vmno.c/.sorartgiurn. Each of the nine species Biolog-icai Resource Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience of Cymnosporar glum in Korea is described and illus- and Biotechnology, 52 Own-dong, Yusong-kn, Daejeon 305-806, Republic '?f Korea trated, and keys based on aecia and telia stages are provided. l.ectotype specimens for several names Amy Y. Rossman described iii Gymnosporangium are designated. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Key words: aecia stage, forest pathogens, LSU Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Ma?yland 20705 rDNA, Piiccinialcs, systematics, lelia stage Seung Kyu Lee INTRODUCTION Southern. Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute, 719-1 Gazwa-dong, Jinju City The rust fungi (Pucciniales) are important plant Kyungsangnam-Do, 660-300, Republic of Korea pathogens affecting a variety of angiosperins and Kvung Joori Lee gymnosperms, potentially causing severe damage to Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture agricultural crops and forest trees (Scott and Chakra- and Life Sciences, Seoul Vational University, 564 vorty 1982, Swann ci. -
Objective Plant Pathology
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305442822 Objective plant pathology Book · July 2013 CITATIONS READS 0 34,711 3 authors: Surendra Nath M. Gurivi Reddy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University 5 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS 15 PUBLICATIONS 11 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Prabhukarthikeyan S. R ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 48 PUBLICATIONS 108 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Management of rice diseases View project Identification and characterization of phytoplasma View project All content following this page was uploaded by Surendra Nath on 20 July 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Objective Plant Pathology (A competitive examination guide)- As per Indian examination pattern M. Gurivi Reddy, M.Sc. (Plant Pathology), TNAU, Coimbatore S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan, M.Sc (Plant Pathology), TNAU, Coimbatore R. Surendranath, M. Sc (Horticulture), TNAU, Coimbatore INDIA A.E. Publications No. 10. Sundaram Street-1, P.N.Pudur, Coimbatore-641003 2013 First Edition: 2013 © Reserved with authors, 2013 ISBN: 978-81972-22-9 Price: Rs. 120/- PREFACE The so called book Objective Plant Pathology is compiled by collecting and digesting the pertinent information published in various books and review papers to assist graduate and postgraduate students for various competitive examinations like JRF, NET, ARS conducted by ICAR. It is mainly helpful for students for getting an in-depth knowledge in plant pathology. The book combines the basic concepts and terminology in Mycology, Bacteriology, Virology and other applied aspects. -
Spore Dispersal in Fungi Spore Dispersal in Fungi
How Do Fungi Get Around? Although relatively few in species, fungi are everywhere. Spore Dispersal The mycelia of some fungi are potentially able to produce up to in Fungi “billions and billions” of spores Not all will give survive, but sheer numbers ensure some will Examples from various groups of fungi. Ustilago maydis (Corn Smut) Ganoderma applanatum (Artist Fungus) Ganoderma applanatum, the Artist Fungus, perennial fruiting body, 30 billion spores/day and 5.4 trillion A gall about 1in3 may contain spores over a five month period, approximately 25 billion from within the pores of the fruiting spores! body. Calvatia gigantea (The Giant Puffball) Bread Mold, A Microscopic Fungus The average size fruiting body of this species is approximately 18” Rhizopus stolonifer, each and contains about 7 trillion spores sporangium contain around within. 50,000 spores. 1 Blue Mold, A Microscopic Fungus How Do Fungi Get Around? Sometimes they don’t!. Resting spores: Thick walled cells with food reserve. Zygospore, enclosed in thick- walled zygosporangium. Zygosporangium Penicillium colony 2.5 cm may produce 400,000 spores/day. How Do Fungi Get Around? How Do Fungi Get Around? Sometimes they don’t!. Sometimes they don’t!. Resting spores: Thick walled cells Resting spores: Thick walled cells with food reserve. with food reserve. Teliospore: Thick walled over Resistant sporangium: Thick wintering spore. walled cell eventually giving rise to zoospores. How Do Fungi Get Around? Wind: Air Borne Spores Fungi usually have mechanism by Most fungi disperse spores by wind. which spores are dispersed. Spores are usually “dry” spores and A number of mechanisms have hydrophobic. -
June 1997 ISSN 0541 -4938 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America
Vol. 48(3) June 1997 ISSN 0541 -4938 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America About This lssue This issue of Inoculum is devoted mainly to the business of the society-the ab- stracts and schedule for the Annual Meeting are included as well as the minutes of the mid-year meeting of the Executive Committee. Remember Inoculum as you prepare for the trip to Montreal. Copy for the next issue is due July 3, 1997. In This lssue Mycology Online ................... 1 Mycology Online MSA Official Business .......... 2 Executive Committee MSA Online Minutes ................................ 3 Visit the MSA Home Page at <http://www.erin.utoronto.ca~soc/msa~>.Members Mycological News .................. 5 can use the links from MSA Home Page to access MSA resources maintained on 1996 Foray Results .............. 6 other servers. Calendar of Events .............. 10 MSAPOST is the new MSA bulletin board service. To subscribe to MSAPOST, Mycological Classifieds ...... 12 send an e-mail message to <[email protected]>.The text of the mes- Abstracts ............................... 17 sage should say subscribe MSAPOST Your Name. Instructions for using MSAPOST are found on the MSA Home Page and in Inoculum 48(1): 5. Change of Address .............. 13 Fungal Genetics The abstracts for the plenary sessions and poster sessions from the 19' Fungal Ge- netics Conference at Asilomar are now available on-line at the FGSC web site <www.kumc.edu/researchlfgsc/main.html>.They can be found either by following Important Dates the Asilomar information links, or by going directly here: <http://www.kumc.edu July 3, 1997 - Deadline for /research/fgsc/asilomar/fgcabs97.html>.[Kevin McCluskey]. -
Mycology Guidebook. INSTITUTICN Mycological Society of America, San Francisco, Calif
DOCUMENT BEMIRE ED 174 459 SE 028 530 AUTHOR Stevens, Russell B., Ed. TITLE Mycology Guidebook. INSTITUTICN Mycological Society of America, San Francisco, Calif. SPCNS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 74 GRANT NSF-GE-2547 NOTE 719p. EDPS PRICE MF04/PC29 Plus Postage. DESCRIPSCRS *Biological Sciences; College Science; *Culturing Techniques; Ecology; *Higher Education; *Laboratory Procedures; *Resource Guides; Science Education; Science Laboratories; Sciences; *Taxonomy IDENTIFIERS *National Science Foundation ABSTT.RACT This guidebook provides information related to developing laboratories for an introductory college-level course in mycology. This information will enable mycology instructors to include information on less-familiar organisms, to diversify their courses by introducing aspects of fungi other than the more strictly taxcncnic and morphologic, and to receive guidance on fungi as experimental organisms. The text is organized into four parts: (1) general information; (2) taxonomic groups;(3) ecological groups; and (4) fungi as biological tools. Data and suggestions are given for using fungi in discussing genetics, ecology, physiology, and other areas of biology. A list of mycological-films is included. (Author/SA) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** GE e75% Mycology Guidebook Mycology Guidebook Committee, -
Cytology of Teliospore Germination and Basidiospore Formation in Uromyces Appendiculatus Var
erotoplasma 119, 150- 155 (1984) I~O'['OPt~ by Springer-Verlag 1984 Cytology of Teliospore Germination and Basidiospore Formation in Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus 1 R. E. GOLD* and K. MZNDGEN** Lehrstuhl fiir Phytopathologie, Fakultiit fiir Biologie, Universit~it Konstanz Received May 11, 1983 Accepted in revised form June I I, 1983 Summary (e.g., AI.I~ZN 1933, PAVGI 1975, AN~KSTZR et al. 1980). The cytology of teliospore germination and basidiospore formation These studies have revealed the extremely variable in Urornyces appendiculatus vat. appendieulatus was characterized pattern of meiotic development in the rusts. with light and fluoroscence microscopy. Meiosis of the diploid The purpose of the present study was to provide, for the nucleus occurred in the metabasidium. The four haploid daughter first time in Uromyces appendiculatus var. nuclei migrated into the basidiospore initials where they underwent a appendiculatus, qualitative and quantitative cytological post meiotic mitosis. Each basidiospore was delimited from the meatabasidium by a septum at the apex of the sterigrna. Seventy-five information on the processes of teliospore germination percent of mature basidiospores were binucleate, 24.5% uulnucleate, and basidiospore formation. and 0.5% trinucleate. Mature, released basidiospores measured 16 x 9 gin, were smooth-surfaced, and reniform to ovate-elliptical 2. Materials and Methods in shape. The isolate of Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger vat. Keywords: Basidiospore; Cytology; Meiosis; Teliospore germination; appendiculatusz used in this study was collected in the field as Uromyces appendiculatus. urediniospores from infected leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The collection was made in the Black Forest (Lahr Valley) in August, 1978. Teliospores were produced, stored, and activated to germinate according to methods described earlier (GOLD 1983, GOLD and 1. -
The Rusts of Puerto Rico. Luis A
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1962 The Rusts of Puerto Rico. Luis A. Roure Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Roure, Luis A., "The Rusts of Puerto Rico." (1962). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 755. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/755 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 62-6323 microfilmed exactly as received ROURE, Luis A., 1923- THE RUSTS OF PUERTO RICO. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1962 Botany University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE RUSTS OF PUERTO RICO A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by Luis A. Roure B .S ., University of Puerto Rico, 1948 M .S., Louisiana State University, 1951 June, 1962 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Bernard Lowy, under whose direction these studies were conducted, for his assistance and encouragement during the course of the investigations. Thanks and appreciation are also extended to Dr. S. J. P. Chilton for his encouragement. The writer is also grateful to the University of Puerto Rico for sending him to undertake graduate work in the Louisiana State University. -
NAPPO Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (RSPM)
NAPPO Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (RSPM) RSPM 21 A Harmonized Procedure for Morphologically Distinguishing Teliospores of Karnal Bunt from Ryegrass Bunt, Rice Smut and Similar Smuts The Secretariat of the North American Plant Protection Organization 1431 Merivale Road, 3rd Floor, Room 140 Ottawa K1A 0Y9 Canada 2014 Publication history: This is not an official part of the standard. Approved: October 17, 1999 Revised: August 10, 2009 Review initiated: 18-11-2013– updated editorial formatting (RLee) Revision by Expert Group initiated: 29-01-2014; finalized 02-10-2014 Submitted to Working Group and Executive Committee: 20-10-2014 RSPM 21 A Harmonized Procedure for Morphologically Distinguishing Teliospores of Karnal Bunt, Ryegrass Bunt, Rice Bunt and Similar Smuts 2 Contents Page Review ..................................................................................................................................4 Approval ...............................................................................................................................4 Implementation .....................................................................................................................4 Amendment Record ..............................................................................................................4 Distribution ............................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................5 -
Stimulation of Teliospore Germination in Smut Fungi*
Prec. Indian Acad. Sci., Vol. 88 B, Part II, Number 6, November 1979, pp. 479-486. 9 printed in India. Stimulation of teliospore germination in smut fungi* H SHEKARA SHETTY and K M SAFEEULLA Downy Milden Research Laboratory, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006 MS received 19 April 1979; revised. 14 July 1979 Abstract. Preheating and heated teliospore extracts have been found to be stimu- latory to germination of the teliospores of ten different smut fungi used in this study. The effect is mostly on the percentage of germination. Maximum per cent of spore germination was observed at higher concentrations of glucose and sucrose solutions. The percentage of germination of spores of ~e species included was more in sucrose than in glucose. Most of the vitamins of B-complex groups stimulated the initiation of germ tube. Many of the growth regulators tried, except 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid have a stimulatory effect on teliospore germination. Higher percentage of teliospore germination was noticed in the case of gibberellic acid, followed by indole 3-acetic acid, beta-indolo butyric acid and alphanaphthalene acetic acid. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, furfura[, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and citric acid were also stimulatory, in that order. Keywerds. Stimulants; teliospore germination; smut fungi. 1. Introduction The effects of germination stimulants have recently been extensively studied with the uredosporcs of the rust fungi which are partiGularly sensitive to higher straight chain aldehydes and alcohols (French 1961, 1962; French et al 1977, 1978). Germination stimulants have also been isolated from the fungal spores and include among others, coizmarins and phenols (Allen 1957; Susaman 1966).