A CHECKLIST OF FRESHWATER

by CLARK HUBBS Department of Zoology The University of Texas

TECHNICAL SERIES NO. 11

TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT 1972 FOREWORD A Checklist of Texas Freshwater by Clark Hubbs

This checklist is modified from that of Hubbs (1961). A number of changes have been made in nomenclature following Moore (1968) or Bailey et al (1970). I do not follow them in synonomizing the genera Hadropterus and Percina. I do not follow the inclusion of Opsopoeodus in in part because of karyological differences. Notropis cornutus is retained as the scientific name of the common shiner in Texas because Gilbert (1961) did not show full specific separation. I follow Drewry's (1967) suggestion and use Zygonectes for two cyprinodonts usually called notatus and F. olivaceus; similarly Branson and Moore (1962) showed that the warmouth and are closely related and I place them in the same . I further do not accept Moore's inclusion of Carpioides forbesi Hubbs, Notropis whip plei (Girard), and Gila nigrescens (Girard) in the known fauna of Texas, although the last must have once occurred in the between El Paso and Presidio. Eight species have been added to the fauna in the past 10 years: Two Plecostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus) and Belonesox belizanius Kner, because of accidental aquarium releases in San Antonio (Barron, 1964); two, Esox lucius Linnaeus and Stizostedion vitreum (Machin) because of their successful introduction as game fishes; two, Gambusia geprgei Hubbs and Peden and Percina macrolepida Stevenson, native species that were previously considered conspecific with G. affinis and P. caprodes respectively; one localized endemic, Gambusia species that was recently discovered by A. Peden; and one coastal fish, Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft), occurs in fresh waters. Four species have been deleted: two, Notropis lepidus (Girard) and Fundulus zebrinus Jordan and Gilbert, are considered to be conspecific with N. lutrensis and F. kansae, respectively; and two gobies, Gobionellus stigmaticus (Poey) and G. oceanicus (Pallas) probably do not enter freshwater. Several other species are known or suspected to have been released so that they could have established breeding populations in Texas, including: Micropterus dolomieui, Lacepede, Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther), Lebistes reticulatus (Peters), Culaea inconstans (Kirtland), Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus), and Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes). In addition to Notropis whipplei and Gila nicrescens, five species abundant in adjacent watersheds may rarely occur in north or east Texas: Moxostoma duquesnei (Le Sueur), Hybopsis biguttata (Kirtland), Notropis boops (Gilbert), promelas (Rafinesque), and Hadropterus copelandi (Jordan). The common name given for a species in most cases is that which has been selected and approved by the American Fisheries Society's Committee on Names of Fishes as published by Bailey et al. (1970). Range designations follow the common names of all species. The numbers refer to the modified game areas shown on the map. If a species inhabits only part of an area, it is so designated by preceding the number with letters (N. for north, etc.) indicating the part of the area inhabited by that species. The Texas range of many species is given as "coastal". These fishes typically inhabit brackish or salt water and enter only the coastal streams. Inclusion of these euryhaline species follows criteria given by Gunter (1945). Fishes inhabiting highly saline streams such as the (Up to 12.5 parts per thousand chloride) are arbitrarily considered freshwater fishes.

a : PET ROMY ZONTIDAE —Lampreys Genus: Ichthyomyzon Girard 1. I. castaneus Girard—chesnut lamprey (Ni). 2. I. gagei Hubbs and Trautman—southern brook lamprey ) Family : CARCHARHINIDAE—Requiem Genus: Aprionodon Gill 3. A. isodon (Valenciennes)—finetooth (coastal) Genus: Carcharhinus Blainville 4. C. leucas (Valenciennes)—bull shark (coastal)

Family: PRISTIDAE—Sawfishes Genus: Pristis Linck 5. P. pectinata Latham—smalltooth sawfish (coastal)

Family: DASYATIDAE —Stingrays Genus: Dasyatis Rafinesque 6. D. sabina (LeSueur)—Atlantic stingray (coastal)

Family : POLYODONTIDAE—Paddlefishes Genus: Polyodon Lacepede 7. P. spathula (Walbaum)—paddlefish (1, N4)

Family: ACIPENSERIDAE —Sturgeons Genus: Scaphirhynchus Heckel 8. S. platorynchus (Rafinesque)—shovelnose sturgeon, (N4, N5, N7)

Family: LEPISOSTEIDAE —Gars Genus: Lepisosteus Lacepede 9. L. spatula Lacepede —alligator gar (1 ,2,3 ,N4) 10. L.platostomus R a fine sque —shortnose gar (N1,N4,N5,N7) 11. L. oculatus—(Winchell)— (1 ,2 ,3,4,5 ,6,E7) 12. L. osseus—(Linnaeus)—longnose gar (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)

Family: AMIIDAE—Bowfins Genus: Amia Linnaeus 13. A. calva Linnaeus—bowfin (1,2)

Family: ELOPIDAE —Tarp ons Genus: Elops Linnaeus 14. E. saurus Linnaeus—ladyfish (coastal) Genus: Megalops Lacepede 15. M. atlantica Valenciennes—tarpon (coastal)

Family : CLUPEIDAE — Genus: Alosa Linck 16. A. chrysochloris (Rafinesque)—skipjack (1 ,2,N4) Genus: Harengula Valenciennes 17. H. pensacolae Goode and Bean—scaled (coastal) Genus: Brevoortia Gill 18. B. gun ten Hildebrand—finescale (coastal)

1 Genus: Dorosoma Rafinesque 19. D. petenense (Gunther)—threadfin shad (1 ,2,3,4,5,E6) 20. D. cepedianum (LeSueur)—gizzard shad (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)

Family : ENGRAULIDAE— Genus: Anchoa Jordan and Evermann 21. A. mitchilli (Valenciennes)—bay (coastal) 22. A. hepsetus (Linnaeus)—striped anchovy (coastal)

Family: SALMONIDAE—Trouts Genus: Salmo Linnaeus 23. S. gairdneri Richardson—rainbow trout (N8)

Family: ESOCIDAE—Pikes Genus: Esox Linnaeus 24. E. americanus Gmelin—redfin pickerel (1,E2,NW4) 25. E. niger LeSueur—chain pickerel (N1) 26. E. lucius Linnaeus—northern pike (introduced N7)

Family: HIODONTIDAE—Mooneyes Genus: Hiodon LeSueur 27. H. alosoides (Rafinesque)—goldeye (N5,N7)

Family : CHARACIDAE—Tetras Genus: Astyanax Baird and Girard 28. A. mexicanus (Filippi)—Mexican tetra (3,6,8 introduced W1 ,W2,W4,5 ,E7)

Family: — and carps Genus: Cyprinus Linnaeus 29. C. carpio Linnaeus—carp (introduced 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Genus: Carassius Nilsson 30. C. auratus (Linnaeus)—goldfish (introduced 3,4,7) Genus: Notemigonus Rafinesque 31. N. crysoleucas ( Mitchill)— golden shiner (1,2,3 ,4 ,5 ,E6,E7) Genus: Semotilus Rafinesque 32. S. a tromaculatus (Mitchill)—creek chub (E 1 ) Genus: Opsopoeodus Hay 33. 0. emiliae Hay —pugnose (1,2,3,4,E5,NE6) Genus: Hybopsis Agassiz 34. H. gracilis (Richardson)—flathead chub (N7) 35. H. storeriana (Kirtland)—silver chub (N1,N4,N5) 36. H. aestivalis (Girard)—speckled chub (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Genus: Gila Baird and Girard 37. G. pandora (Cope)—Rio Grande chub (8) Genus: Rhinichthys Agassiz 38. R. cataractae (Valenciennes)—longnose dace (W3, S6, NW8) Genus: Phenacobius Cope 39. P. mirabilis ( Girard)—suckermouth minnow (1,2,4,E5,E6) Genus: Notropis Rafinesque

2 40. N. atherinoides Rafinesque-emerald shiner (1,2,4) 41. N. percobromus (Cope)-plains shiner (5,7) 42. N. oxyrhynchus Hubbs and Bonham -sharpnose shiner (W1,W2,4,5,NE6,E7) 43. N. jemezanus (Cope)-Rio Grande shiner (S3 ,S6,S8) 44. N. amabilis (Girard)-Texas shiner (W1,N3,S4,6) 45. N. fumeus Evermann-ribbon shiner (1,2,4) 46. N. umbratilis (Girard)-redfin shiner (1,E2,N4,NE5) 47. N. shumardi ( Girard) -silverband shiner (W1,W2,4,5,NE6,NE7) 48. N. cornutus (Mitchill)-common shiner (Ni) 49. N. chalybaeus (Cope)-ironcolor shiner (E 1 ) 50. N. texanus (Girard)-weed shiner (1,2,N3,S4,E6) Si. N. simus (Cope)-bluntnose shiner (S6,S8) 52. N. blennius (Girard)-river shiner (N1 ,N4 ,N5,N7) 53. N. potteri Hubbs and Bonham -chub shiner (W1,W2,4,5,E7) 54. N. bairdi Hubbs and Ortenburger -Red River shiner (N4,N5,N7) 55. N. buccula Cross-smalleye shiner (S4,5,7) 56. N. girardi Hubbs and Ortenburger - River shiner (N7) 57. N. sabinae Jordan and Gilbert-Sabine shiner (E I .E2) 58. N. ortenburgeri Hubbs-Kiamichi shiner (NE1) 59. N. amnis Hubbs and Greene-pallid shiner (1,2,NE3,S4) 60. N. chihuahua Woolman-Chihuahua shiner (S8) 61. N. braytoni Jordan and Evermann -Tamaulipas shiner (S3,S6,S8) 62. N. venustus (Girard)-blacktail shiner (1 ,2 ,N3,4,5,6,E7) 63. N. lutrensis (Baird and Girard) - (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 64. N. proserpinus (Girard)-proserpine shiner (S3,S6) 65. N. stramineus (Cope)-sand shiner (S4,6) 66. N. atrocaudalis Evermann-blackspot shiner (1,E2,NE4) 67. N. iolucellus (Cope)-mimic shiner (1,2,N3,4,5,6,E7) 68. N. buchanani Meek-ghost shiner (1,2,3,4,5 ,E6,E7) 69. N. maculatus (Hay)-taillight shiner (N1) Genus: Dionda Girard 70. D. episcopa Girard-roundnose minnow (N3,S 4,6 ,8 ) 71. D. thaboli Hubbs and Brown -Devils River minnow (S6) Genus: Hybognathus Agassiz 72. H. nuchalis Agassiz-silvery minnow (1,4) 73. H. placitus Girard-plains minnow (3,5, edges of 6,7,8) 74. H. hayi Jordan-cypress minnow (Ni) Genus: Pimephales Rafinesque 75. P. vigilax (Baird and Girard) -bullhead minnow (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 76. P. promelas Rafinesque -fathead minnow (W1,W2,N3,4,5,E6,7,S8) Genus: Cam postoma Agassiz 77. C. anomalum ( R a finesque) -stoneroller (W+Nl,N3,4,5,6,E7) 78. C. ornatum Girard-Mexican stoneroller (S8)

3 Family : CATOSTOMIDAE —Suckers Genus: Cycleptus Rafinesque 79. C. elongatus (LeSueur)—blue sucker (1,3,4,5 ,S6,8) Genus: Ictiobus Rafinesque 80. I. cyprinellus (Valenciennes) —bigmouth buffalo (Ni ,N4,N5,N7) 81. I. niger (Rafinesque)—black buffalo (N1,N4,N5) 82. I. bubalus (Rafinesque) —smallmouth buffalo (1,2 ,3,4,5 ,6 ,E7,8) Genus: Carpiodes Rafinesque 83. C. carpio (Rafinesque)—river carpsucker (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Genus: Moxostoma Rafinesque 84. M. congestum (Baird and Girard) —gray redhorse (SW1 ,W2,N3,S4,5 ,6,S7,W8) 85. M. erythrurum (Rafinesque)—golden redhorse (N5) 86. M. poecilurum (Jordan)—blacktail redhorse (1,E2) Genus: Minytrema Jordan 87. M. melanops ( Rafinesque) —spotted sucker (1,E2,N4,NE5, introduced 6) Genus : Erimyzon Jordan 88. E. sucetta (Lacepede)—lake chubsucker (1,2, rare 6) 89. E. oblongus (Mitchill)—creek chubsucker (1,E2)

Family : ARIIDAE — Sea catfishes Genus : Bagre Oken 90. B. marinus (Mitchill) —gafftopsail catfish (coastal) Genus: Arius Valenciennes 91. A. felis (Linnaeus)—sea catfish (coastal)

Family : AMEIURIDAE —Freshwater catfishes Genus: Ictalurus Rafinesque 92. I. punctatus ( R a f ine sque) — (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 93. I. furcatus (LeSueur)—blue catfish (1,2 ,3,4,N5,NE7,8) 94. I. melas (Rafinesque)—black bullhead (1,2,3,4 ,5 ,E6,7, rare 8) 95. I. natalis (LeSueur)—yellow bullhead (1,2, E 3,4,5 ,6,E7) Genus: Trogloglanis Eigenmann 96. T. pattersoni Eigenmann—toothless blindcat (SE6) Genus: Pylodictis Rafinesque 97. P. olivaris (Rafinesque)—flathead catfish (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Genus: Satan Hubbs and Bailey 98. S. eurystomus Hubbs and Bailey —widemouth blindcat (SE6) Genus: Noturus Rafinesque 99. N.gyrinus ( Mitchill) —tadpole madtom (1,2,E3,4,5,NE7) 100. N. nocturnus Jordan and Gilbert —freckled madtom (1,E2,N4,N5)

Family: LORICARIIDAE —Armored catfishes Genus: Plecostomus 101. P. plecostomus (Linnaeus)—armored catfish (introduced E6)

4 Family: ANGUILLIDAE —Eels Genus: Anguilla Shaw 102. A. rostrata ( LeSueur) —American eel (1,2 ,3 ,4,E5,E+S6,S8)

Family: APHREDODERIDAE —Pirate perch Genus: Aphredoderus LeSueur 103. A. sayanus (Gilliams)—pirate perch (1,E2)

Family: BELONIDAE —Needlefishes Genus: Strongylura Van Hasselt 104. S. marina (Walbaum)—Atlantic needlefish (S1,2,E3)

Family: CYPRINODONTIDAE —Killifishes Genus: Lucania Girard 105. L. parva (Baird)—rainwater killifish (2,E3,W6,E8) Genus: Adinia Girard 106. A. xenica (Jordan and Gilbert) —diamond killifish (coastal) Genus: Fundulus Lacepede 107. F. majalis (Walbaum)—striped killifish (coastal) 108. F. grandis Baird and Girard—gulf killifish (coastal) 109. F. pulvereus (Evermann)—bayou killifish (2) 110. F. jenkinsi (Evermann)—saltmarsh topminnow (2) 111. F. chrysotus (Gunther)—golden topminnow (1 ,E2) 112. F. notti (Agassiz)—starhead topminnow (1 ,E2) 113. F. kansae Garman—plains killifish (W4,5 ,6 ,7,E8) Genus: Zygonectes Agassiz 114. Z. notatus (Rafinesque) — blackstripe topminnow (1,2 ,N3,4,5 ,E6) 115. Z. olivaceus (Storer)—blackspotted topminnow (1) Genus: Cyprinodon Lacepede 116. C. variegatus Lacepede—sheepshead minnow (2,S3) 117. C. rubrofluviatilis Fowler—Red River pupfish (NE7) 118. C. bovinus Baird and Girard —Leon Springs pupfish (E8 —extinct) 119. C. elegans Baird and Girard—Comanche Springs pupfish (E8) 120. C. sp.—Pecos River pupfish (W6,E8) 121. C. sp.—Devils River pupfish (S6)

Family : POECILIDAE—Livebearers Genus: Gambusia Poey 122. G. nobilis (Baird and Girard)—Pecos gambusia (E8) 123. G. geiseri Hubbs and Hubbs—largespring gambusia (6,E8) 124. G. gaigei Hubbs—Big Bend gambusia (S8) 125. G. sp.—Amistad gambusia 126. G. senilis Girard—blotched gambusia 127. G. heterochir Hubbs—Clear Creek gambusia (N6) 128. G. affinis (Baird and Girard)—mosquitofish (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 129. G. georgei Hubbs and Peden —San Marcos gambusia Genus: Belonesox Kner

5 130. B. belizanus Kner —pike killifish (introduced E6) Genus: Poecilia Bloch and Schneider 131. P. latipinna (LeSueur)—sailfin molly (W1,2,3,S4,S+E6) 132. P. formosa (Girard)—amazon molly (S3, introduced E6)

Family: ATHERINIDAE—Silversides Genus: Menidia Bonaparte 133. M. audens Hay—Mississippi silverside (N1 ,N4,N5) 134. M. beryllina (Cope) —tidewater silverside (2,3, intro- duced N6) Genus: Membras Bonaparte 135. M. martinica (Valenciennes)—rough silverside (coastal) Genus: Labidesthes Cope 136. L. sicculus (Cope)—brook silverside (1,E2,N4,N5)

Family: SYNGNATHIDAE—Pipefishes Genus: Syngnathus Linnaeus 137. S. scovelli (Evermann and Kendall) —gulf pip efish (coastal)

Family: CENTROPOMIDAE—Snooks Genus: Centropomus Lacepede 138. C. undecimalis (Bloch)—snook (coastal)

Family: PE RCICHTHYIDAE —Temperate basses Genus: Morone Mitchill 139. M. chtysops (Rafinesque)—white bass (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 140. M. mississippiensis Jordan and Eigenmann —yellow bass (1 ,E2)

Family: CENT RARCHIDAE —sunfishes Genus: Micropterus Lacepede 141. M. punctulatus (Rafinesque) — spot ted bass (1,2,4,5, E6,E7) 142. M. treculi (Valliant and Bocourt) — Guadalupe bass (W1 ,S4,S5,6) 143. M.salmoides ( Lacepede) — largemouth bass (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Genus: Chaenobryttus Gill 144. C. gulosus (Cuvier)—warmouth (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 145. C. cyanellus (Rafinesque)—green sunfish (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Genus: Rafinesque 146. L. symmetricus Forbes—bantam sunfish (1 ,E2) 147. L. punctatus (Valenciennes)—spotted sunfish (1,2, rare 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,E7) 148. L. microlophus (Gunther)—redear sunfish (1,2,3,4,5,6,7 rare 8) 149. L. macrochirus Rafinesque— (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 150. L. humilis (Girard)—orangespotted sunfish (1,4,5, E6,7) 151. L. auritus (Linnaeus)—redbreast sunfish (W1,N3,S4,6) 152. L. megalotis ( R a fine sque) — longear sunfish (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 153. L. marginatus (Holbrook)—dollar sunfish (1,E2) Genus: Ambloplites Rafinesque

6 154. A. rupestris (Rafinesque)—rock bass (introduced 6) Genus: Pomoxis Rafinesque 155. P. annularis Rafinesque—white crappie (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 156. P. nigromaculatus (LeSueur)—black crappie (1,2,4,5,E6) Genus: Centrarchus Cuvier 157. C. macropterus (Lacepede)—flier (1,NE4) Genus: Elassoma Jordan 158. E. zonatum Jordan— (1,2,NE4)

Family: PERCIDAE —Perches and darters Genus: Stizostedion Rafinesque 159. S. canadense (Smith)—sauger (NE4,NW5) 160. S. vitreum (Mitchill)—walleye (introduced N7) Genus: Perca Linnaeus 161. P. flavescens (Mitchill)—yellow perch (introduced W8) Genus: Hadropterus Agassiz 162. H. maculatus (Girard)—blackside darter (Ni) 163. H. scierus Swain—dusky darter (1.2.3 ,E6) 164. H. shumardi Girard—river darter (1,W2,E3,S4) Genus: Percina Haldeman 165. P. caprodes ( Rafinesque) — logperch (rare 2 ,N3,S4 ,5 ,6,N+E7) 166. P. macrolepida Stevenson— big scale logperch (2,5,6) Genus: Ammocrypta Jordan 167. A. vivax Hay—scaly sand da ter (1 ,E2) 168. A. clara Jordan and Meek—western sand darter (1,E2) Genus: Etheostoma Rafinesque 169. E. chlorosomum (Hay)—bluntnose darter (1 ,2,E3,4) 170. E. histrio Jordan and Gilbert—harlequin darter (E 1 ) 171. E. gracile (Girard)—slough darter (1,2,3 ,4,N5) 172. E. fusiforme (Girard)—swamp darter (Ni) 173. E. asprigene (Forbes)—mud darter (E 1 ) 174. E. parvipinne Gilbert and Swain —goldstripe darter (1) 175. E. radiosum (Hubbs and Black) — orangebelly darter (1,NE5) 176. E. spectabile (Agassiz) — orangethroat darter (Ni ,N3,S4,5,6 ,S7) 177. E. lepidum (Baird and Girard)—greenthroat darter (6) 178. E. grahami (Girard)—Rio Grande darter (S6) 179. E. proeliare (Hay)—cypress darter (1) 186. E. fonticola (Jordan and Gilbert)—fountain darter (E6)

Family: CARANGIDAE—Jack Genus: Caranx Lacepede 181. C. hippos (Linnaeus)—crevalle jack (coastal)

Family: GERRIDAE—Mojarras Genus: Eucinostomus Baird and Girard 182. E. argenteus Baird and Girard—spotfin mojarra (coastal)

Family: SCIAEN1DAE—drums Genus: Aplodinotus Rafinesque 183. A.grunniens Rafinesque — freshwater drum (1,2,3,4,5 ,6,E7,8)

7 Genus: Bairdiella Gill 184. B. chrysura (Lacepede)—silver perch (coastal) Genus: Sciaenops Gill 185. S. ocellata (Linnaeus)—red drum (coastal) Genus: Leiostomus Lacepede 186. L. xanthurus Lacepede—spot (coastal) Genus: Micro pogon Cuvier 187. M. undulatus (Linnaeus)—Atlantic croaker (coastal) Genus: Pogonias Lacepede 188. P. cromis (Linnaeus)—black drum (coastal) Genus: Cynoscion Gill 189. C. arenarius Ginsburg—sand seatrout (coastal) 190. C. nebulosus (Cuvier)—spotted seatrout (coastal)

Family: SPA RIDAE—Porgies Genus: Lagodon Holbrook 191. L. rhomboides (Linnaeus)—pinfish (coastal) Genus: Archosargus Gill 192. A. probatocephalus (Walbaum)—sheepshead (coastal)

Family : CICHILIDAE—Cichlids Genus: Cichlasoma Swainson 193. C. cyanoguttatum (Baird and Girard) — Rio Grande perch ( W2,3,6 , introduced W1 ,S4 ,S 5) Genus: Tilapia Smith 194. Tilapia mossambica (Peters)—Mozambique tilapia (intro- duced E6)

Family : MUGILIDAE—Mullets Genus: Agonostomus Bennett 195. A. monticola (Bancroft)—mountain mullet (coastal) Genus : Mugil Linnaeus 196. M. cephalus Linnaeus—striped mullet (1 ,2,3,4,5 ,NE6) 197. M. curema Valenciennes—white mullet (coastal)

Family : POLYNEMIDAE—Threadfins Genus: Polydactylus Lacepede 198. P. octonemus (Girard)—Atlantic threadfin (coastal)

Family: GOBIIDAE—Gobies Genus: Dormitator Gill 199. D. maculatus (Bloch)—fat sleeper (coastal) Genus: Eleotris Schneider 200. E. pisonis (Gmelin)—spinycheek sleeper (coastal) Genus: Gobiomorus Lacepede 201. G. dormitator Lacepede—bigmouth sleeper (2,3) Genus: Evorthodus Gill 202. E. lyricus (Girard)—lyre goby (coastal) Genus: Gobionellus Girard 203. G. shufeldti (Jordon and Eigenmann)—freshwater goby (coastal) 204. G. boleosoma (Jordan and Gilbert) — darter goby (coastal) 205. G. hastatus Girard —sharptail goby (coastal)

8 Genus: Gobiosoma Girard 206. G. robustum Ginsburg—code goby (coastal) 207. G. bosci Lacepede—naked goby (coastal) Genus: Microgobius Poey 208. M. gulosus (Girard)—clown goby (coastal) Genus: Gobioides Lacepede 209. G. broussonneti Lacepede—violet goby (coastal)

Family: —Lefteye Genus: Citharichthys Bleeker 210. C. spilopterus Gunther—bay whiff (coastal) Genus: Etropus Jordan and Gilbert 211. E. crossotus Jordan and Gilbert — fringed (coastal) Genus: Paralichthys Girard 212. P. lethostigma Jordan and Gilbert—southern flounder (coastal)

Family: —Soles Genus: Trinectes Rafinesque 213. T. maculatus (Bloch)—hogchoker (coastal) Genus: Ackirus Lacepede 214. A. lineatus (Linnaeus)—lined (coastal)

Family: TETRAODONTIDAE—Puffers Genus: Sphoeroides Lacepede 215: S. nephelus (Goode and Bean)—southern puffer (coast- al)

9 Outline of game areas in Texas. Modified from the game regions map in Anonymous (1945). Area 1 equals the East Texas timber country plus the separated southeastern segment of the blackland prairie. Area 2 equals the coastal prairie. Area 3 equals the South Texas brushlands. Area 4 equals the main part of the blackland prairie. Area 5 equals the east and west cross timbers as well as the grand prairie. Area 6 equals the Edwards Plateau. Area 7 equals the plains. Area 8 equals the Trans-Pecos region.

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous 1945 Principal game birds and mammals of Texas. Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission., pp. 1-149.

Bailey, Reeve M., et al. 1960 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the and (third edition, Am. Fish. Soc., Spec. Publ. 6, pp. 1-149).

Barron, John C. 1964 Reproduction and apparent over-winter survival of the suckermouth . armored catfish, Plecostomus sp., in the headwaters of the San Antonio River. Texas Journal of Science 16: pp. 449-450.

Branson, B. A., and G. A. Moore 1957 The lateralis components of the acoustico—lateralis sys- tem in the sunfish family . Copeia 1962: pp. 1-108.

Drewry, G. E. 1967 Studies of relationships within the family Cyprin- odontidae. PhD Diss. U. Texas: 134 pp.

Gilbert, Carter R. 1961 Hybridization versus intergradation: an inquiry into the relationship of two cyprinid fishes. Copeia, 1961: pp. 181-192.

Gunter, Gordon 1945 Studies on marine fishes of Texas. Publ. Inst. Marine Sci., Vol. 1, No. 1, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, pp. 1-109.

Hubbs, Clark 1961 A checklist of Texas freshwater fishes. Texas Game and Fish Commission., Division of Inland Fisheries, IF Ser., No. 3, Revised, pp. 1-14.

Moore, George A. 1968 Fishes. In: W. F. Blair et al Vertebrates of the United States (Second Edition) McGraw-Hill Book Co. pp. 22-165.

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