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The Child Support Grant and the Fertility of Recipient Parents in Lenyenye Township

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The Child Support Grant and the Fertility of Recipient Parents in Lenyenye Township The child support grant and the fertility of recipient parents in Lenyenye Township Motheo Rabaji WITS Graduate School of Governance Thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Public and Development Management) to the Faculty of Commerce, Law, and Management, University of the Witwatersrand March 2016 Name of candidate Motheo Rabaji Student number 9613347p Telephone numbers 060 533 1051 Email address [email protected] Name of supervisor Dr. Kambidima Wotela ii DECLARATION I declare that this thesis/dissertation titled ‘The child support grant and the fertility of recipient parents in Lenyenye Township’ is my own, unaided work. I have acknowledged and referenced all sources that I have used and quoted. I hereby submit it in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Management (Public and Development Management) in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. I have not submitted this report before for any other degree or examination to any other institution. Motheo Rabaji Johannesburg, March 2016 iii ABSTRACT Author: Motheo Rabaji Thesis title: The child support grant and the fertility of recipient parents in Lenyenye Township Johannesburg, March 2016 The research aimed to find out whether one of the unintended outcomes of governments’ top-down implementation of the child support grant was increased fertility among recipients in the rural areas, which generally have higher levels of fertility in the country. South Africa does not have a fertility problem, but development is still much needed in the rural areas. The plight of government, having inherited one of the most unequal society is not minimised. According to Mcnicoll (1998), public transfers among age groups are fertility related. Government directs public expenditures towards social services benefiting the poor. Such expenditures and transfers may significantly modify the economics of fertility as seen by prospective parents. Rural households are more vulnerable because of the economic unviability rooted in the apartheid system. Our study has tried to show how the environment in Lenyenye Township and surrounding villages could make it a possibility for women to see the increment of births as a rational solution for the survival of their family. The theory of bounded rationality was used to demonstrate that rationality is more adaptive to situations based on the environmental constraints. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................................... iii Abstract………. ......................................................................................................................................... iv Table of contents ......................................................................................................................................... v List of tables……………. ....................................................................................................................... vii List of figures………. ..............................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... ix 1 Introduction to the research ...........................................................................................................10 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................10 1.1.1 Fertility transition in South Africa .......................................................................10 1.1.2 South African Townships: Lenyenye ..................................................................11 1.1.3 Child support grant ................................................................................................14 1.2 Improvement of social policy through research ..............................................................15 1.2.1 The research problem statement .........................................................................15 1.2.2 The research purpose statement ..........................................................................15 1.2.3 The research questions ..........................................................................................16 1.3 Delimitations of the research ..............................................................................................16 1.4 Justification of the research .................................................................................................16 1.5 Preface to the research report .............................................................................................17 2 Literature review ...............................................................................................................................18 2.1 An introduction to Lenyenye Township: population and development ......................18 2.1.1 Apartheid and the homeland system ...................................................................18 2.1.2 The effect of the apartheid migrant labour system on rural famalies. ...........19 2.1.3 Norms and values prevalent in rural areas .........................................................20 2.1.4 The institution of marriage in the Greater Tzaneen Municipality ..................21 2.1.5 Total fertility rate information for the child support grant .............................22 2.2 Social welfare policy in South Africa: child support grant .............................................23 2.3 Towards the research gap: discussion of past and current studies on the child support grant and fertility ....................................................................................................25 2.4 Broad field of study ..............................................................................................................29 2.5 Key variables ..........................................................................................................................32 2.6. Theoretical framework ........................................................................................................33 2.7 Conceptual framework .........................................................................................................36 3 Research methodology .....................................................................................................................38 3.1 Research strategy ...................................................................................................................38 3.2 Research design .....................................................................................................................38 3.2.1 Data collection instrument ...................................................................................39 3.2.2 Target Population and sampling ..........................................................................40 3.2.3 Ethical considerations when collecting data ......................................................41 3.2.4 Data collection and storage ..................................................................................41 3.2.5 Data processing and analysis ................................................................................42 3.3 Description of respondents .................................................................................................42 3.4 Research reliability and validity measures .........................................................................42 3.5 Research Limitations ............................................................................................................43 v 4 Presentation of findings ...................................................................................................................44 4.1 Does the child support grant influence the decision of parents to have more children in order to access money from the government? ............................................................44 4.1.1 Family planning and birth spacing .......................................................................44 4.1.2 Grant vs jobs ...........................................................................................................45 4.1.3 Extended family ......................................................................................................46 4.1.4 Marriage ...................................................................................................................47 4.1.5 Social and economic value of children ...............................................................48 4.2 What is the general attitude of recipients toward the grant in the community ...........50 5 Discussion of results ........................................................................................................................52 5.1 Does the child support grant influence the decisions of parents to have more children in order to access more money from the government? ..................................52 5.1.1 “Westernisation vs. Modernisation” ...................................................................52 5.1.2 Decision under constraints ...................................................................................53 5.1.3 Jobs vs. Grant .........................................................................................................54
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