Walthamstow Armorial with a Reference to the Oﬁ Ci Al Arms Adopted by the Borough of W a L TH a M STOW

WA LTH AMSTOW A RMO R I A L

D ES C R I BED BY

G EO RG E ED W A R D RO EBUC K

W A LT H A MSTO W A NT IQ UA R I AN S O C I ETY

26 O FFI C I AL PUBL I C AT I O N NO . F ORE WO RD

M On e of the principal features of the Walthamstow useum , and one wh ich most immediately impresses the visitor by reason of the c r brave display of ol ou and ornament , is the range of Armorial Bearings lining the friezes in each of the Exh ibition Rooms . It is the boast of our town that few other places in the Kingdom display such a wealth a \Valth am stow of loc l heraldic material , and may be congratulated not only upon the public spirit of residents who subscribed most of the

n co - shields , but also upo the operation of the College of Arms in their preparation . These heraldic bearings of prominent Walthamstow people of bygone times connect the remote past with the present ; remind us of N P T orman , lantagenet and udor Lords of these parts and , stage by f k stage , bring into the mental panorama all the memorable ol down to ll ti n VVam e r s W m . V a e n s the days of the , Morris , and the of Rectory

Manor . As specimens of exact heraldry these shields are interesting and c r appeal to lovers of ol ou and design , but their purpose is not primarily ca decorative . They stand as chapter headings of l o l history , and as such , l properly exp ained , they should convey to the casual observer an introduction to the story of Walthamstow ’ s history and development during the eight centuries separating us from the period of the Norman

Conquest . The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide a brief commentary by the aid of which the visitor may acquaint himself as to the connection of

ca . l these several families or individuals with the lo l story Obvious y , this appears to be attempting th e impossible in view of our serious c d limitation of space , because a pamphlet of like size to this oul well v w be de oted to each of the families , hilst the necessary connecting w d information oul make a book of great length . It is , however , realised that the exhibition of shields without some explanation woul d defeat the very end they are intended to serve , viz . , the unfolding of the story of our parish and its manors throughout eight centuries of time . The reader is reminded that heraldry is an exact art with a l anguage

of its own , therefore the herald ic descriptions of the several armorials , wherever they occur in italics , cannot be given in any manner other than i h that ofﬁ c ally recognised . We are not at t e moment concerned to

explain these details , but to visitors who are of a mind to enquire into such matters good books and inform ation may be obtained on application

to the persons in charge . (the $bi elos ano thei r Etorg

T is important to note , at the outset , that when the Normans

possessed themselves of this part of E ssex , they found Waltham “ “ stow (then more properly called W i l oum e stou or the Welcome ”

place ) divided into two sections , or manors as they were called . W il oum e stou W alth e of The greater section , , belonged to a Saxon E arl , , H e ch am who was not dispossessed , and the smaller part , (from which we get our Higham was held by a Freeman named Haldane .

Within thirty years of the coming of the Normans we ﬁnd the W i l cum e stou th e N Manor of in possession of a orman Knight , Ralph de

Toni , whose father , of the same name , was Standard Bearer to William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1 066 . The smaller Manor of

H e h am N . O o had been given to another orman , Peter de Valognes ver ﬁr e l ace the p to the right on entering the lower exhibition room , hang the shields of Toni and Valognes starting the series , and representing L the two principal manors of our district and their Norman ords . The ’ arms of Toni represent a lady s sleeve in red on a silver ground , whilst those of Valognes are wavy lines of red on a silver ground .

E T o e sn T H Tonis came from y , on the Seine , above Les N Andelys in ormandy , and considered themselves to be R ﬁr st of royal blood , descended from an uncle of ollo , N TON 1 Duke of ormandy . Ralph de I was William the ’ Conqueror s hereditary S tandard Bearer , and one of his H e Chief Barons . appears as a great landowner in Domesday Book Flamstead in Hertfordshire being the , R head of his barony . His son , alph , married Alice ,

alth e of - daughter of W , a great niece of the Conqueror , who brought the M anor of Walthamstow into the Toni family . It received R ’ the name of Walthamstow Toni , and remained in the hands of alph s con ﬁrm e d 2 . descendants for nearly 00 years His son , Roger , the gift of the little church at Walthamstow to the Priory of Holy Trinity , Aldgate . th e 1 . Robert , the last male heir of the Tonis , fought for E dward against k 0 H e 131 0 Cae r l ave r oc 13 0 . , Scots , at the siege of , died childless in and L m ai ' r i a e his sister , Al ice de eybourne came into inheritance and by her g VVal th am stow i i to Guy de Beauchamp , carried the Manor of Ton nto that great fam ily .

1 ' A 7 ma mw/t u . ge n t , a g les T H E Manor of H e ch am in much less time had passed into other families by the marriage of female descend 2 ﬁr st YA L OGNES ants of the Lord , Peter de , follower of n William the Conqueror , who came from Valog es , in ti n N Co n ten . the , ormandy , and was Sheriff of Herts H 1 084 . e and E ssex , received vast grants of land in different parts of the country ; including the castle of s th e M H e ch am Benington in Hert , and anor of , or ’ W H e Higham , althamstow . built a castle at Orford , ff k B N near the S u ol coast , and founded inham Priory in orfolk , for the welfare of the souls of William the Conqueror and Matilda his 1 H e ch am queen , and for the good estate of Henry . The Manor of

- - G u nn ora eventually passed to his great grand daughter , , wife of the

M . famous Robert F itzwalter , leader of the agna Carta Barons She 1 2 2 0 d ied before , and the Valognes estates went to her cousins , the \Vi lli am r three daughters of de Valognes of Panmu e , Chamberlain of Of Scotland . these three , Lora , the eldest , married Henry de Balliol , S H e ch am also Chamberlain of cotland , and their sons became the lords of .

Her sister , Isabel , married David Cumin , and for some time we read of h m n H e c a both as Higham Balliol and Higham Cumi , suggesting a division of heritage .

VVa lth am sto w We have so far spoken of two Manors , Toni and h am H e c , but the building of a Church , and the settlement of certain it lands upon , was the beginning of a third , or Rectory Manor , whilst the marriages of the Valognes women , already referred to , probably accounted H e ch am for the division of and the commencement of a fourth Manor , VValth am sto w that of Salisbury Hall , or Sarum (the early history of which is as yet somewhat i n de ﬁn i te) the original and larger section of H e ch am coming in time to b e known as Higham B e ns te de .

BE F ORE leaving the story of these earlier Norman L Manor ords , mention must be made of our old Church

- which still stands as a reminder of those far off days . VVa lth e o f L \Vil cun1 e stou E arl , the undisturbed ord of d at the ate of the Conquest , married Judith , the ’ Conqueror s niece . She survived him . Their daughter ,

Alice , married Ralph de Toni , and she i t was who caused our old Church to be handed over to the Prior H L TR N T 3 and Canons of O Y I I Y, Aldgate , as we have said , in whose possession it remained until the Dissolution of the M onasteries .

The emblem of this religious house comes next in order . In the year 1 10 7 m N , the preaching of an Augustinian Canon , na ed orman , began to H e attract great attention in L ondon . became confessor to Queen

M I . 1 108 atilda , wife of Henry , and in , with her assistance , founded the

2 - P a l - a ( Hi d ul cs y w vy a rge n t g .

3 ' A zm e . r o the T x u i n the ep rese n tatio n f r i n ity a rge n t bei n g e p ressed by fo r plates , two chief , o ne i n m d ' one t/ce n otlzm u or . the i dle poi n t a n d i n base, conjoi ed to each by a n o r le a n d a p ll w ﬁr st house of hich he was to be the Prior , and which was dedicated to the Holy Trinity . It was sometimes called Christ Church and was situated on the boundary of the City , at Aldgate , then a new opening in ’

. N the City wall Prior orman s popularity increased , but his patroness ,

. 1 1 18 the good queen , did not live long In , after her death , the King conﬁrm e d the gifts which she had made to the Augustinian house .

T H E four following Shields concern the Lordship of

G unnor - . a Higham We have stated that , great grand daughter of Peter de Valognes , married Robert who thus became Lord of the M anor H e ch am of before its division . Robert F itzwalter belonged to a younger branch of the great house of

Clare , and was descended from Richard de Bienfaite , h im or de Clare , and through from the ducal house of H e 1 2 5 N . 3 ormandy died in , and is remembered as the great leader of the Barons in the demand for the Magna Carta . M The link between this fam ily and our anor was soon broken , however , F i tz wal ter G unn ora as Christina , daughter of Robert and de Valognes , died childless , and the inheritance passed to the three daughters and

- 12 19 co heiresses of William de Valognes who had died in , as we have stated . Lora married Henry de Balliol .

E B all i ol s T H came from Bailleul in Picardy , followed B the Conqueror to E ngland , and received lands at ywell on - Tyne and Marwood - ou - Tees from William Rufus in B 1 09 4 . Bernard de Balliol the E lder built arnard S Castle , and fought at the Battle of the tandard beside 1 1 8 3 . the great Walter E spec , His son and successor ,

Bernard II . , fought against the Scots at Alnwick , and L took part in the capture of William the ion , King of 1 1 7 4 B L L OL 6 Scotland , . Henry de A I , who married

co - n Lora , one of the heiresses of the Valognes baro y , was grandson of

H e 1 246 . B ernard and became Chamberlain of S cotland . died in Guy L w de Ball iol , his eldest son , was ord of Heeha for a while ; but as

12 65 . Standard Bearer to Simon de Montfort , he was slain at Evesham ,

Alexander , the younger son , called Alexander of Cavers , was Chamberlain 2 7 129 6 of Scotland between 1 8 and , like his father and his maternal H S Pan i n ure . e grandfather , William de Valognes of fought at the iege r k 1300 of C ae rl av e oc in , and he it was who conveyed the Manor of

H e ch am to John de B e n ste de in 1 305 . It is not clear whether part only of the original M anor was thus conveyed , but from that time onwards S Higham B e n ste de was recognised as distinct from Walthamstow arum

Salisbury Hall .

u a fess betwee n two che vr omwl s g les . 5 w ided scutclt eon u . G u les, a rge nt NE X T in order of arrangement we come to the A rms of 6 BETOYNE S o s the , which serve to remind of two noted — B eto n e h i s men of that name William de y and son , L Richard , merchants of ondon , which city they both

P : 1 2 99 - 1 300 represented in arliament William in , and

Richard in 1328 . They l ived in Walthamstow at a l B e n place called VVa te rh al . John de ste de acquired VVate rh all B e to ne 1 306 from Richard de y in , and it is evident that the B e toyn e s were important people in our i . S r parish in those days It will be noticed that , three centuries later ,

William Batten , of Rectory Manor , used the same arms as those recorded for the B e toyne s . It wil l be interesting if some family connection can be proved .

7 H E BEN TEDE T Family of S , after whom one part of w B en ste de Heeha was in future named , hailed from , d . J B e n ste e ﬁr st near Alton in Hampshire ohn de , the

of his name , was a lawyer , a clerk in the service of 1 29 7 E dward I . In he was made Keeper of the Great

Seal , and later became Chancellor of the Exchequer

and Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas . His s H e ch am descendants retained Benington in Hert , and

(Higham) Bensted , as it came to be called , for nearly 2 1 4 00 . 9 3 years The manor was sold in , and , after changing hands more 1 5 21 than once , came into the possession of S ir John Heron , in , of whom u we shall hear later o .

8 T H E Shield of the SA L ESBUR YS helps us to complete H m the story of this d ivided Manor of e ch a . The

portion of Lora de Valognes was , as we have seen , carried in marriage into the B alliol famil y and was

known as Higham Balliol . The same portion came into cl e S 1 346 the possession of Sir Thomas alesbury in , VVal th a m stow and was afterward s known as Sarum , or

S . alisbury Hall His father , Adam de Salesbury , held

1 32 2 . the same lands , , as tenant of Alexander de Balliol

H e - had apparently come to London from his native town and name place ,

S . H e alisbury was a pepperer , Alderman of Cornhill , and at one time S f 13 2 3 H e 1 330 a heri f of London ( d ied , and was succeeded in his

- - Walthamstow manor by his son , grandson , and great grand daughter .

After 1400 his family nam e does not appear in the records .

6 ' ' ' ' - - G 21 78 8 u, i e bzn eur (Je , salt re betwe n j ﬁ lis

7 ' / -c m l a r u f w c e c . G los . ba rs g

S - G uZP a, (t r m r a ar S m . , lio n y , c row n ed , betwee n th ree sce n ts T H E 9 Arms of Simon FR A UNCEYS remind us of a note

worthy contemporary of Adam de Salesbury , who held “ ” “ Walthamstow Bedyk or Walthamstow F raunce y s ( later to be called the Manor of Low Hall) . This property was in the possession of Adam de Bedyk 1 302 in , and of his son and grandson after h im for ﬁft . 1 y 35 2 , F r aunce s i years In Simon y acquired t . H e was a man of great importance in his day . One of ’ b e London s merchant princes , occupied all the high oﬁi ci al appointments of the City . H e was Mayor twice (1342 and 135 5)

. E and six times represented the City in Parliament xtremely wealthy , ﬁgure d ﬁnanci a l he in all the important transactions of the time . S imon rendered conspicuous service to his country during the Hun dred Years ’

War , being responsible for raising the monies necessary to maintain our fle t e at sea . During the campaign the French collected a powerful fleet to prevent our resumption of the struggle in Flanders , but this flee t was S u 1 34 destroyed at the Battle of l ys in 0 . S imon F ra unce y s c ontributed m to this successful action by raising considerable sums of oney . H e died 135 8 , M i n his widow , aud , succeeding to his estates in Walthamstow . With her death this property passed into the possession of the B eau champs , as we shall proceed to explain .

B U T we must hark back to the story of the principal

Manor of Walthamstow Toni , which we left with the death of Robert de Toni and the marriage of his sister , Alice de Leybourne , into the great family of BEA UCH M P 10 A , whose arms we notice next in order .

This family , which originated at Beauchamps , a castle situated between Contance and Avranches in Lower N ormandy , acquired the Manor of Walthamstow Toni through the marriage of Alice , heiress of her brother , r Robert , with Guy Beauchamp , E arl of Warwick , su named the Black

D og of Arden . Their male descendants held it until the premature death 4 1 45 . h i of Henry , Duke of Warwick , in Eventually it passed to s

- t co . ﬁr s sisters and heiresses E leanor , who married , , Thomas , Lord H aml ake Ros of , and secondly , Edmund Beaufort , Duke of Somerset ; 2 N ( ) Anne , wife of Richard evill , called the Kingmaker , who became

E arl of Warwick in right of his wife . Through E leanor , the eastern — portion of the manor—ﬁ sti ll called Walthamstow Toni c ame to the

e . . family of D Ros Anne received the western part , called Low Hall B y this co - inheritance of the two sisters the gr eater Manor of Waltham ’ stow Toni was d ivided between them . E leanor s portion became known as High Hall Manor , whilst the smaller inheritance of Anne was known ﬁfth h ad as Low Hall Manor . Low Hall (the and last of our manors)

9 f I- / s betwee n o ur cr oss e s a r . Gwl c , a salti re f c rossed

1° e ' , v l r a esse r c osx cts o . G a les , with f a n d si fig ure d much in our local story previously to this ; we fin d it referred F r aunce s to by the name of Walthamstow Bedyk and Walthamstow y , by reason of the earlier ownerships of Adam de Bedyk and S imon F r aun ce ys during the first half of the fourteenth century .

11 X T l NE in order appears the device of William e S CR OPE , VVi ltsh i r e ﬁr st L E arl of , son of the famous Richard , ord S CI ' O e u p of Bolton , who became the notorious favo rite of

. S Richard II , of whom hakespeare makes L ord Ros declare : The E arl of Wiltshire hath the realm in H . e farm was Knight of the Garter , Seneschal of

Aquitaine , Chamberlain of Ireland , Treasurer of the ’

office s . King s E xchequer , and held many other In 1 388 , Thomas Beauchamp , fourth E arl of Warwick , with other nobles was accused of treason and their estates were con S fiscat e d . crope was the chief agent for the Crown in this matter , and n fi H e as reward a great part of the co scat e d estates fell to his share . thus

M VValth am sto w 1 39 6 - 98 became Lord of the anor of for two years , , but I L fell with the fall of King Richard , his master , and was executed at S Bristol by the victorious invader , Henry IV . The arms of crope mark but a short interlude in the record of the Walthamstow Beauchamps , 1 44 5 which runs otherwise continuously until , when , by the death of k B Henry , Du e of Warwick , his sister , Anne , carried the eauchamp properties to the family of Nevill on her marriage to The Kingmaker .

12 T H E NEYI L L S were described by Dugdale as a

noble , antient and spreading family . Their record is too ﬁrm ly interwoven with British history in the ﬁfte e n th century to need description here . It is Ki n i n ake r enough to remind ourselves that the g , N Richard evill , E arl of Salisbury , having taken to B wife , Anne , the daughter of Richard eauchamp ,

Earl of Warwick , acquired this second title in right of

his marriage . and also the land s and inheritance which entailed .

THE S E great collateral springs of the famous House of I llH I R I liI I CK 13 were not represented in the arms which H the Kingmaker elected to carry . e favoured a device which embod ies the arms of the M ont acu te s and M o nth e r m e rs , to which he was entitled as his father had married Alice , heiress of the E arl of S alisbury , whose arm s he adopted .

“A u ar . z re , a be n d 12 G a o bom a nd u les , a salti r e a label g y a rge n t az re .

u I st a wl 4th fu i u 2 nd r Q a rter ly a rge n t , th ree silles co njo n ed i n f ess g les . a n d 3 d o r a n eagle i d splayed t o rt . NE X T in the order of arrangement we notice the Arms 14 TYR W H I T r of the family , of Kettleby near W awl e y

in Lincolnshire . The T yr whi ts acquired the M anor of 1 442 Salisbury Hall about , within a generation of the l S a e sb ur s . S i r ﬁrst i t last of the y William , who held , r 4 1 1 5 . had fought at Agincou t in His father , Robert ’ T r wh i t B y , was a Justice of the King s ench . Another Sir William T yrwh i t hel d S al isbury Hall between 1 2 2 509 1 5 . and His son , Robert , exchanged the Manor 1 5 4 for other lands belonging to the King in 1 . Thus this family may M be said to have possessed Salisbury Hall anor for a century .

CON CU RREN T L Y with the holding of Salisbury Hall by T r wh i t s ﬁn d B e n st e de the y , we Higham Manor in the

possession of another noted L incolnshire family , the H R 15 ONS . N E of Cressy Hall This family , of orman s N extraction , had lands in Hert , E ssex and orthumber ir land from the el eventh century onwards . S John M Co . Heron , of Cressy , and of Hackney , iddlesex , V I I M th e was Privy Councillor to Henry , and aster of H e ﬁr st Jewel House to Henry VIII . married , ,

E lizabeth , daughter of John Roper , of Kent , and afterwards , Margaret , ifﬁ h G r t . G n daughter of Rees , of Wales iles Hero , his eldest son by his 1 5 04 second marriage , who was born in , married Cicely , daughter of the ’ G Chancellor , Sir Thom as More . After his father s death iles Heron fell ’ 1 540 under Thomas Cromwell s displeasure ; he was attainted in April , ,

and executed soon afterwards . His son , Thomas , had the family estates

restored to him under Queen Mary , but he died childless , having

alienated the Manor of Higham Bensted to Sir Thomas Rowe in 1 5 66 .

W E are no w approaching that period of local history

when the great estates changed hands frequently , in of some cases being disposed , and subsequently being fin d m . regained , by the same fa i lies or individuals We families hitherto i den ti fie d with one manor fig uri ng as owners or part owners of other manors at the same di fficult period , rendering a consecutive account in such

a pamphlet as this . A striking instance occurs in the 16 case of S ir Ralph SIXDL EI R . Sir Ralph was created H e was Knight Banneret at the B attle of M u sse lb orough in Scotland . i Secretary to Thomas Cromwell , E arl of E ssex ; Privy Counc llor to

Henry VIII ; went into retirement under Queen Mary , and was “ H e an i Privy Council lor again to Queen E lizabeth . belonged to anc ent ’

. family seated at Hackney in Middlesex , where he himself was born

“ ' wi Ga les , th ree pee ts 15 r q a. mi e kerons a e tt . S able, chev ro n e r n e betwe n th ree g 16 a lio n r ampa n t pa r ted per fess a zwr e wad gules . u . 1 5 36 His connection with Walthamstow was not of long d ration In , when the breaking up of great estates was in full swing , he obtained a u lease of the Manor of Walthamstow Toni . F or a s ccession of about ﬁfte e n years the ownership passed backwards and forwards ; from Sadleir V i th oll s to the V yp , the Crown , the Herons ; back to Sadleir again , and then to the Manners family , E arls of Rutland .

I N this account of the changes in local la n ded posses sions we must stay to speak of a Walthamstow man whose name is famous in the record of our national

literature . In a period when comedy and the dramatic

forms of E nglish literature were being shaped , a notable G SCO GN ” contributor was George A I E , author of The ” Supposes , the earliest extant comedy in E nglish prose (from which it is said S hakespeare borrowed an under “ “ ” plot for his Taming of the Jocasta , the “

- second earliest tragedy in blank verse , and the better known Steele "

Glas , probably our earliest verse satire . George Gascoigne claimed G relationship with the Gascoignes of awthorpe in Yorkshire , of whom i S r . the famous William Gascoigne , Chief Justice to Henry IV , was per haps the better known representative . George Gascoigne found his way ’ from Gray s Inn to Holland , became a soldier of fortune under the

Prince of Orange , was captured by the Spaniards , sent back to E ngland , H and eventually found favour at the court of Queen E lizab eth . e was a i i 5 d fﬁcult e s . 1 5 6 man of extravagant tastes , often in About , he married

- - wh o the well to do widow of Will iam Breton , was living at Walthamstow . Ni ch ol as She was the mother of Breton , the poet , and her people came i n from Thorpe Hall , Yorkshire . It i s thought by some students of our local history that the naming of the T horpe Hall E state may be in some ’

. . S way connected This , however , is not yet proved ome of Gascoigne s “ l H e poems were written at his pore house in W a kam st owe . died in 1 5 7 7 .

L L W I G F O O N the Gascoigne Shield , we notice the Arms 18 “ ’ of N icholas BR ETON. The author of England s n Hel icon , this you g poet was famous in his day for

his literary versatility and re ﬁnem e nt . Ben Jonson

composed a highly eulogistic sonnet in his honour , and S ir John Suckling coupled B reton ’ s name with

Shakespeare . Certain contemporary dramatists were ,

however , less favourably disposed towards him . Breton produced much in prose and verse between 1 5 7 7 and 162 6 . We may assume that young Nicholas was well acquainted with H e 1 5 59 Walthamstow , since his home was here . was a boy in , when ﬁr t 1 5 7 7 his father d ied , and as his s l iterary work dates from , eleven G ’ years after ascoigne s marriage to his mother , it is most probable that

’

ol defl cow er s e n cut o the u . a pale sable , with a g g head th reo , ff at sho lde r 1B A cu e 3217 r r o l e m' re , a ben d betwe n ; sp u w s . n the you g man not only knew the older poet well , but that his own later ’ i n fl ue n ce d d career may have been in consequence . The ates of Breton s birth and death are uncertain , but it is generally assumed that he lived 1 4 5 1 between 5 and 626 . The next three S hi elds concern families strangely interconnected both by marriage and associations . All hailing from Bristol and coming find r to London , each representing the City as Mayor , we the th ee families i dentifie d r with Walthamstow , where they played some part in Chu ch and

f . B W ith oll parochial a fairs As merchants of ristol , Thorne and yp were M ” active in the commissioning of the good ship atthew , in which John 149 7 Cabot and his son , Sebastian , sailed from that port in for the dis cove r N M onoux y of the orth American mainland , whilst was a contributor to the proposed E xpedition in 1 5 2 1 for the discovery of the North - West

Passage . There i s not space here to recount the interesting details of these families , but such will be issued before long in a larger publication .

19 T H E TH OR NES were a west - country family of mer n th e chants , con ected with City of Bristol and closely h l l N VVi t o s . allied with the yp Robert , son of icholas T horne , was a geographical writer as well as a successful H e ship owner and trader . was long resident in

Seville , and was a most convinced and persistent advocate of the attempt to discover a North - West 1 532 Passage to India . Robert Thorne died in ; his will was proved at L ondon i n October of that year . M H e W ith oll of , had married E leanor , sister of John yp almesbury . i th oll i W i th oll y , Wilts , Paul yp of Walthamstow , and Richard W p V car ’ h oll i 4 - W i t 15 3 3 . S t . s 7 of Mary , Various members of the yp fam ly ’ i t i s are mentioned in Thorne s will ; one of them was an executor , and said that through the instrumentality of Paul W i th ypoll a sum of money was obtained from Thorne ’ s bequests to build the south ai sle ’ 1 ur 535 . of S t . Mary s Ch ch in That Thorne ever lived in Walthamstow i i h i s is unlikely , but it is not beyond possibility that he may have v s ted w i relatives here . His name is rit large in the story of geograph cal h i s W i history , and we may be proud of the association of name th our ancient Parish Church .

T H E ﬁne st next Shield , perhap s one of the of the whole 2 0 i W I TH YPOL L S . , series , is that of the This fam ly whose fortunes will form the subj ect of a larger publ i ca S r i tion , took their name from the remote h opsh re

VVi th ool L ﬁfteenth , village of y p , ate in the century i as merchants of the Staple of Bristol , John W thy i n poll and his son , Paul , amassed great wealth S wool , trading between the ports of Bristol and outh B orde aux ampton , and those of Portugal , Spain and i h e i s of con un ct i on W i th o largely increasing their fortune by lending , in 1 t ' ’ i f0 1 m , the M erchant Taylors Company , large sums of oney to the K ng

19 Z m or . A zu re , a f ess betwee n thr ee io n s ra pa n t 20 ‘ a l l i i bordwc, P er pale o r a n d g t es , th ree l o n s passa n t with n a which they received as security manors in various parts of England principally the properties of attainted persons . Their successors married ch i e ﬂ S i nto great families , y in uffolk , but owing to the extravagance of their descendants , most of their wealth was dispersed before the middle i th oll . W of the seventeenth century Paul yp , the most successful of R them , acquired Waltham stow Toni or High Hall , and also the ectory M I anor at Walthamstow from Henry VII , when the Dissolution of the Monasteries displaced the various religious houses and con ﬁscat e d their i h l . U W t o l vast estates ntil the purchase of Rectory Manor by Paul yp , that property had been continuously in the possession of the Prior and

Canons of Holy Trinity , Aldgate , from the time when Alice de Toni made it over to them , early in the twelfth century . E leanor , the sister of W i th ol l m Paul yp , arried Robert Thorne , of Bristol , as we have seen . The larger part of the W ith ypo ll estates in Walthamstow were sold to 1 0 0 — 1 6 0 . Sir Reginald Argall and others ,

T H E next device in our series is so well known in Walthamstow that it is unnecessary to say it belonged M ONOUX 2 1 to George , to whom the Arms were 1 4 G M n u x O 1 5 . o o granted in ctober , eorge of t London , gen , was a rich merchant of Bristol , who

1 5 02 - H e came to L ondon somewhere about 3 . became M D ’ an Alderman , and aster of the rapers Company , M 1 5 1 4 and was chosen ayor in , the year that he A B received his Coat of Arms . t ristol he had attained

1 5 0 1 - 2 to some distinction ; he had been Mayor of that City i n , ’ just when Cabot s voyage to America opened the wa y for a great

1 5 0 7 - 8 expansion of trade . About he acquired property in Walthamstow ,

- and became a well known benefactor to his neighbours there . In 1 52 7 he purchased from the Prior and Convent of Holy Trinity th e land on w hich his Almshouses and School were afterwards built ; i n 1 5 3 5 he added the north aisle to the Church , and built , or rebuilt , the tower about ” H e M n B L 1 4 . o o e s 5 3 the same time died at , in illet ane , in , and was buried in the Parish Church , i n the north aisle , but no trace of his tomb has been discovered , although a memorial to this worthy benefactor has been preserved , and may be seen on the easternmost pillar to the north of the nave .

T H E part played by the three preceding families in building up the trade and maritime distinction of B us ritain , reminds of another equally famous man W who held property i n althamstow , and who also was 22 \Vi th o l ls S i r FR OB SH R related to the yp , Martin I E , the famous navigator and commander against the W ake ﬁe ld Armada , who was born at Altofts , near , about 1 1 7 h e 5 35 . 5 6 In , made a desperate attempt to dis

N - u cover the orth West Passage , in purs ance of the

2 1 - f e (1. "li bc a o u m wzk - r r 0 7: u A rg n t , o n chev ro n sable m e z zfs o r betwee n s a n y low es e rt . a chie g les

- m l a a r mzt a sea ew r o nf betwee n two a n cho rs g . A / r a r s o Le i r un r ctt b wre n i l l owe . rge n t , a sable f g/ o r ct th ree g j/ zﬂ p rope r H theory which obsessed the great sailors of his day . e was knighted for S 1 585 his services against the paniards in , and married Dorothy ,

, ﬁr st L N daughter of Thomas ord Wentworth of ettlestead , in Suffolk , W i th ll o . widow of Paul yp , j unr , of Ipswich . This Dorothy inherited ( th e lands in Walthamstow presumably Rectory Manor) from her son , 1 5 85 . i Paul , who died in The Will of S r M artin Frobisher (dated 1 594) “ D oroth i e w l e l states that he leaves to Dame , his e b ov ed wi e f all such h ouseh ol de stufte as I shall leave about my house in W alth am stowe ” E ssex . F robisher died , as the result of a wound received in 1 9 5 5 . action , at Brest ,

W E f k now return to the manor ol again . Having 1 5 41 traced the story of Sal isbury Hall down to , when T r wh i t it the last y relinquished , we soon ﬁn d this W H T 23 property in the hands of S ir Thomas I E , a famous Merchant Taylor ; a promoter of the M uscovy Com 1 5 5 3 pany , a Lord Mayor of L ondon , , and the F ounder ’ t oh n s S . J of College , Oxford , where his portrait may H e . 1 5 58 be seen was in possession of Salisbury Hall , ,

and died 1 56 7 .

CON T I N U I N G our survey of the manor lords of Waltham R G L L 24 stow , we come to the A A S , a Kentish family , who are associated both with L ow H all and Higham ”

B e nstede . Manors One , John Argall , of London ,

1 55 3 . acquired the Manor of Low Hall in His son , 1 5 63 Richard , of E ast Sutton , Kent , succeeded in , M having married argaret , daughter of S ir Reginald

Scot of Scots Hall , Kent (a family claiming descent

B all iol s . from a younger branch of the ) Their son , B Sir Reginald Argall , held the Manor of Higham ensted for a time

- and the Argalls inter married with the Rowes there , of whom we shall S speak later . Thomas Argall , a descendant , suffered heavily in tuart

sacriﬁce d . times , and his possessions for the King during the Civil War \ al h am st w The last record of the family in V t o is a Court , held at Low

1 693 . Hall Manor , by E lizabeth Argall in S ir Samuel Argall , the

- adventurer and famous Deputy Governor of Virginia , who carried off Pocahontas in 16 12 and shared in the expedition to Cadiz with the E arl 1622 J of E ssex in , appears to have been a grandson of the original ohn

Argall .

I N our last paragraph we mentioned that these Lords of Low Hall were

also associated with the M anor of Higham B en ste de . This came about

23 ar . m . Ou u 0 ul e3 , o n a ca n to n e r mi ne a lio n r a pa n t sable a bo rd re sable eight estoiles r e e A 7: a n n ulet o r f or dtﬁe nc . ’ 2‘l f u r v r t u e . P e f ess a rge n t a n d e , a pale co n te rcha n ged a n d th ree lio ns h ads e rased g les R OW S 25 by intermarriage with the E , whose Shield comes

next in sequence . The Rowe family seems to have been fir s t known in Kent , and one branch remained there , S whil e another took root at taverton , in Devon , and flour i sh e d from the fourteenth century until the ” 1 6 S i r h erifi 88 . S Revolution of Thomas Rowe , of 1 5 60 London , , who purchased the Manor of Higham 6 H e 1 5 6 . in , belonged to the original Kentish stock L M 1 68 1 5 7 0 5 . was ord ayor in , and died Sir Henry , 1 0 7 6 . his second son , was also Lord Mayor , William , the third son , rebuilt the old Manor House of the B e n ste de s in a stately fashion

H t . before his death in 1 5 9 6 . e i s commemorated by a brass in S ’ Mary s Church . The only part of th e great house which now remains

. L ow is known as E ssex Hall Robert , of Leyton , fourth son of S i r Thomas , was father of the Roe who was really an historical

ﬁ ure . g A great traveller , writer and diplomatist , he was sent out from M E ngland as ambassador to the Great ogul . The Rowes remained at 1 7 62 Higham Bensted until , when the estate was sold , and since then it has changed hand s many times until the Warmers became Lords of the

Manor .

CON T E M PORA NE OU S L Y with the changes in other parts M of the parish , the anor of Walthamstow Toni had been passing from hand to hand from the days of Sir

Ralph Sadleir . E ventually i t reached the famous M anners family , E arl s of Rutland , by intermarriage d with the Barons e Ros or Roos . It i s an involved

story but i t must be told . The Arms of the Barons R S 26 R OS de O , or O , came to the family through the R o si a marriage of Everard de Ros , with y , daughter and

- co T r usb ut W ar tr e . heiress of William or , in Holderness These water skins were symbol ic of the wanderings of pilgrims and crusaders in ’ the deserts of the E ast . Everard s father , Robert , was nephew and

co - W eventual heir of al ter E spec , the hero of the Battle of Standard H e S b e ll a married y de Valognes , thus forging a link with m our . another great family on manorial register Willia , the seventh ,

Lord Ros was Lord Treasurer of England under Henry IV . , and had

the town of Chingford , in E ssex , assigned to him , that he might reside R L . o s near ondon His second surviving son , Thomas , ninth Lord , by B his marriage to Eleanor eauchamp , daughter of Richard Beauchamp ,

o f. own sixth E arl Warwick , established the connection between hi s family a nd M the heritage of the Beauchamps , including , of course , the anor of L Walthamstow Toni . The ords de Ros served the House of Lancaster

and for that reason Thomas , the tenth Lord , was beheaded at

N - n - o . ewcastle Tyne , after the Battle of Hexham His lands were forfeited , 1 4 5 i 8 . h s but in came the triumph of Henry VII , and son , E dmund de

" n clwx r o n u b f i (um" r r t counte r cha w ed e wce n , u e . A rge t , a az re th ree t r ef oils sl p t per pale g les , g 2 8 - ' 6 717 6 ud wa- ew- s ki nx w 3 . , th ree b gets ( t ) yo n t , Ros the eleventh Lord , had the inheritance restored to him . H e was of

, E n ﬁel d 1 5 08 weak intellect and died at , , his sister , E leanor , wife of S i r N Robert Manners of E tal , orthumberland succeeding to the i nh er i tance and carrying the de Ros lands and title into the family of Manners ,

E arls of Rutland .

T H E eleventh Lord (E dmund) de Ros , having died in 1 5 08 , without issue , the estates and titles passed through M NN R ” his sister E leanor , to her son , George A E S , who became the twelfth Baron de Ros on the death of

- his feeble minded uncle , E dmund . T his George

Manners , twelfth Lord Ros , contracted a famous

S t . marriage with Anne Leger , niece of E dward IV . H ’ e S t . and his wife were buried in George s Chapel ,

Windsor , and his son and heir , Thomas , became the ﬁrst E arl of Rutland . It does not appear certain whether this ﬁr st

Earl of Rutland ever possessed the Manor of Walthamstow Toni , but

, , his son Henry the second E arl , held a court there with his wife ,

15 60 . 15 2 Bridget , in Edward , the third E arl , was Lord in 7 , and after his death it passed to his only daughter , E lizabeth , who became

Baroness de Ros in her own right , and married William Cecil , Lord

Burleigh , second E arl of E xeter .

W E have thus traced the Manor of Walthamstow T oni into the possession of Thomas , ninth Baron de Ros , by his marriage with E leanor Beauchamp , and from his successors into the Manners fam ily again by the marriage of a de Ros heiress to Sir Robert Manners of

E tal . The story works to an end when Elizabeth de

Ros , daughter of the third E arl of Rutland , married L 28 H CEC . e William I , Lord B urleigh came of a family S e ce l d from the Welsh border , descended from Richard y S itse lt D S ssell S or , whose son , avid y of tamford , grandfather of the 1 5 36 . famous Lord Burleigh , died in His eldest son , Thomas (died ﬁrst became Earl of E xeter , and the next heir , William , was fortunate enough to capture one of the richest heiresses in E ngland , Elizabeth de

Ros , as stated above . Their son , William Cecil , seventeenth Lord Ros ,

1 H e . was born at Newark Castle in 5 9 1 . had a brief and stormy career A t 2 1 the age of he married Anne , the rich daughter of Sir Thomas Lake of Whitchurch , Secretary of State to James but before two years were out , husband and wife were at open war . The Manor of Walthamstow

- i n - L had been mortgaged to his father law , and the akes wished to obtain ’ full possession almost immediately . Lord Ros grandfather , Lord Exeter , u stepped in and managed to prevent this ; the yo ng man himself, after a

' 2 7 0 73 two ba rs azu re a c/u ef g nl es . ” B o n a nd u or er a l l si x u one ea c/t c/m r cd ar r y f te n , a rge t az re esc tcheo n s, th ree, two a n d sable, y ' en with a lio n r ampa n t m g t . ’ rake s progress as Am bassador to Madrid , escaped to Italy , and there 1 6 18 mysteriously died in . The ensuing lawsuit between the Lakes and William Cecil ’ s family became the m ost noted Star Chamber Trial of its "W day . The Lakes lost heavily ; but still , at last , the Manor of altham ’ h stow Toni came into the widow s hands . S e married again to George

Rodney of Netley , who sold the Manor of Walthamstow Toni to Charles

Maynard in 1 63 6 .

T M P AR Y CON E OR with George Rodney , a noted Royalist was living at a mansion situated where our present M R R 29 Lloyd Park house stands . Sir Thomas E Y, the

eldest son of David Merry , is one of the earliest ” VVh i nn s recorded occupants of The , afterwards the i r home of William Morris . S Thomas is specially b ﬁne remem ered in connection with the monument ,

M S t . erected to himself and his wife Dame ary Merry , in ’

M N . ary s Church , the work of icholas Stone Dame Mary died in 1 6 32 ; she appears to have been the daughter of Freeman m r h S i r Crow a c . of , in Oxfordshire Thomas Merry lost heavily during ﬁn ed the Civi l War , when he was by the Parliamentarians and suffered T h e the distraint of his goods and lands . date of his death i s not recorded .

The memorials in our old Chur ch include another of — this period the ﬁn e st monument of all . It stands

- against the north wall to day , but originally it stood

behi n d two piers or columns near the chancel .

F ormed of alabaster , and richly emblazoned with arms , e'O h it reminds us of Lady Lucy S TA NL EY w o died in 1 60 1 . The shields on the tomb show by their numerous quarter ings that Lady Lucy was connected with practically ﬁr . st every family of note in her day Thomas Stanley , N E arl of Derby , Knight of the Garter , married Eleanor evill , sister of N ’ Richard evill , the Kingmaker . Stanley s desertion of Richard III . on

Bosworth Field turned the day in favour of Henry of Richm ond , afterwards

V I I . S Henry , whose widowed m other , Lady Margaret Beaufort , tanley 1 married . E dward , his grandson , third E arl , had two sons , ( ) Henry , who succeeded him , and was one of the judges at the trial of Mary Queen 2 T W’ of Scots , and ( ) S ir homas Stanley of inwick , who is said to lie

. T buried at Walthamstow E dward , of ong Castle , Salop , son of Sir T homas , married the Lady Lucy Percy , daughter of the seventh , and

N . niece of the eighth , E arl of orthumberland This was the lady to ’ whom a remarkable tomb stands in S t . Mary s Church . m - G i ll es: u ar Ou a. m m ve th ree wate r b dgets . fess ge n t a c ross fo r y sable, cha rged with ﬁ besa nts

betwee n two cloves of the seemed .

3° ’ - d ug or . A rge n t , o n a be n d azu re th ree bucks heads c b g ed

- - S S at L aw , trand . William Conyers , erjeant , of the Middle Temple nephew and heir to Tristram Conyers , by hi s Will left lands for the H 1 2 . e 6 5 b e ne ﬁt of his poorer neighbours at Walthamstow died in , but his family continued to live in their big house in Hoe S treet for another sixty or seventy years . Eventually they moved to C opt Hall , Epping , where the m al e line of this branch of the family became extinct .

34 T H E Armorial Bearings of the BATTEN family are included in our series to remind u s of S i r William

Batten , who was occupying the Rectory Manor House S at Walthamstow , when amuel Pepys frequently

visited him . S ir William is said to have hailed from

S t . E aston George , near Bristol , and although it cannot yet be proved that he was one of the Somerset B attens he certainly died possessed of property in that

county , and he had customarily used the arms of hi s ’ 1 638 h e S r Somerset namesakes . In was appointed u veyor to the King s k Navy . Clarendon speaks of him as an obscure fellow un nown to the navy , but be that as it may , Batten was second in command of the Fleet 1 642 1 64 7 fl e e t fift e e n S in , and in rounded up a of wedish ships for fla N S refusing to pay homage to the E nglish g within the arrow eas , a proceeding approved by Parliament . Dur ing the Civil War Batten resigned his command , but the seamen refused to serve under his suc H e cessor , and he resumed his position for a short while . had , however , no inclination for service under the Commonwealth regime , but at the N Restoration resum ed his office as Surveyor of the avy . It was at that period that Sir William was living at our Rectory Manor House . In 1 667 3 . 1 6 6 he was appointed Master of the Trinity House In October , , “ he d ied , and his body was carried , with a hundred or two of coaches , ’ fi ur e s to Walthamstow , and there buried . S ir William Batten s name g “ ” much in Pepys Diary and i n the State Papers of those days . A slab n floor to the memory of his son , Be jamin Batten lies on the of ’ S t . Mary s .

’ OU R next Shield displays the Arms of one of E ngland s P P S 35 most interesting men , Samuel E Y , the diarist ,

whose connection with Walthamstow is well known .

H is visits on Sundays and holidays to his friends , Sir

William Batten and Sir William Penn , will be hi remembered . There is not space in t s pamphlet to recount the several anecdotes which endear the memory S of amuel Pepys to Walthamstow folk , but they can ” be read in full in his famous Diary .

34 - G 71 (1. u e ur - ar les, salti re betwee n f o r ﬂ de lis .

3 " " ' S d th r w - - l es the e . ee e . able , a be n d o r betwee n two ho rses hea s razed a rg n t , with ﬂ de sable o n be n d ME N T I ON of Pepys and Batten reminds us of the third of a merry group who knew Walthamstow well in — P 36 those d ays Admiral Sir William ENN, a near neigh

bour to the owner of the Rectory Manor House . His

son , the famous Quaker , founded Pennsylvania Colony 1 682 M in , and his daughter , argaret , is also bound up

in our local story since she married Anthony Lowther , ” S we e tacre who had a place known as , somewhere on ’ “ Church Hill . Reference to Pepys D iary will disclose B ﬁtti n frequent mention of Penn and atten , and it is g that our Armorial should include reminders of each of those who found Walthamstow a

good place in those days . Admiral Penn served with distinction during

the war with the Dutch , and played a conspicuous part in the defeat of

1 6 5 3 . B van Tromp in L ike his friend atten , Admiral Penn appears to ’ have had d istinct Royalist sympathies , but he acquiesced in Cromwell s usurpation of the supreme power so long as the war with Holland

. H e l 6th 1 6 0 demanded his services for his country died on September , 7 ,

S t . and was buried in the Church of Mary Redcliffe , Bristol .

MEN T I ON of S amuel Pepys and his frequent visits to 57 us Walthamstow , reminds that Anthony L OW TH ER was amongst the residents with whom the Diary is

in some measure concerned . The L owther family of Westmorland had been prominent in their own northern I county since the days of E dward . Anthony , son of

Robert Lowther , an Alderman of the City of London ,

and grandson of S ir Christopher Lowther , of Lowther ,

Co . P Westmorland , is frequently mentioned by epys . H e S i r married Margaret , daughter of William Penn , who had a house in r e l h m s M S t e t W a t a tow . Clay , Anthony and argaret Lowther had a beauti

- b - - s but ful old house at Marske y the Sea in York , they also spent part of S we e tacre S we tsacre their time at or , Walthamstow , which was part of 169 2 the Rectory Manor . Anthony Lowther died in , and a monument ’ was placed in S t . Mary s Church to him and his wife .

38 OU R next Shield connects the family of TR AFFOR D

with Walthamstow . In the Parish Church , under the

western gallery , stands an enormous memorial to

members of this family which , in early times , was of

f . un Tra ford , in the county of Lancashire S ir E dm d f T f 1 5 33 Tra ford , of ra ford , who d ied , married E lizabeth ,

L . daughter of Sir Ralph ongford , in Derbyshire Their

Co . third son , Thomas , of Langham , Rutland , was

great - grandfather to John Trafford of \Valth am stow H e and Dunton , Co . Lines . married Margaret , daughter of Simon Wood

36 on S r ovu zdel s a r ewt . A rgen t , a fess able th ree g

i x u e 0 719 . s a n n lets sable , thr e, two , a n d ” i fi a ul es . A rge n t , a g r f n seg r e n t f/ ’

1 6 65 S t . of London and D unton Hall she died , and was buried at Mary s , S f Walthamstow . Their eldest son , igismund Tra ford (died his wife , S usanna (died and their infant child are also buried there , as d ti ﬁe s the memorial alrea y mentioned t e s .

L ow Hall Manor was last mentioned in these pages when we recalled the association of the Argalls with M that part of the parish . E lizabeth Argall held a anor Court there in 1 69 3 and there is little of importance 1 7 4 1 to record until , when this Manor passed to the BO lXN UET 39 S Q S . This Huguenot family of successful merchants was exiled from France presumably after the N Revocation of the E dict of antes . Pierre Bosanquet ,

L 1 62 3 . of Lunel in anguedoc , was born some time after

J . His sons , ohn and David Bosanquet , were merchants of London

D 1 7 32 . avid , who , like the Maynards , was a Turkey merchant , died in

Samuel , his second son , went to live at F orest House , Leyton , and was

1 7 65 . buried at L ow Leyton in His son , another Samuel , was Governor 4 ﬁr 1 8 8 . st of the Bank of E ngland , and a third Samuel died in The 1 7 41 Samuel had acquired the Manor of Low Hall , Walthamstow , in , 1 n 87 7 . and Samuel , fourth of the ame , sold it to the Local Authority in th e stor v With the acquisition of these lands by townspeople , the of Low H M . all , as a anor , comes to a close

A T this period of our story mention should be made of a M Walthamstow resident of distinction , William athew R S “10 AIKE , Purlieu Ranger of Waltham F orest , who o wned that large mansion on the M arshes known as H e 1 7 6 3 The E lms . was born in , the son of William

Raikes , of London , merchant , but more interesting is

his relationship to the famous Robert Raikes , his uncle , R the promoter of the Sunday School movement . obert G Raikes , a native of loucester , began his social work G with the prisoners in loucester gaol , and brought to public notice many harsh abuses . Impressed by the neglect in the training of infant children 1 7 80 S S in he introduced his system of unday chools , a work which W J spread rapidly and attracted the attention of illiam F ox , ohn Wesley , S 1 1 1 . Adam mith and others . Robert Raikes died in 8 Another member m of this notable family was Thomas Raikes , who beca e Governor of the Bank of England and enjoyed the friendship of \Villi am Pitt and

Wilberforce . Thomas Raikes was well known at Bath as the colleague. B i l li m 1848 . \V a of Beau rummell , and i n that town he died in Mathew 1 82 4 Raikes d ied at Walthamstow in April , and a marble tablet to his memory will be found in the Parish Church .

39 0 7 m u r ert - n a r h Oh f u e . 3 o n a o n t a t ree p roper . a chie g les a c rescen t betwee two sta rs g t

40 ’ ‘ A r ent cher r on r z d i . g , a e ng railed pea n betwee n th ree y ﬂiws head s e rased sable , each cha rge w th a n mi a r e r n e spot . ONE of the principal local people in the eighteenth W GR M “ century was Sir Robert I A , who was born at 1 7 4 3 . Wexford in Son of John Wigram , of Bristol , B and his wife , Mary oyd , of Rosslare , and having

obtained eminence as a merchant , he was created a 1 H Baronet in 805 . e had purchased Walthamstow

, S h er nh all 1 7 2 House at the corner of Street , in 8 , and

here his large family grew and prospered . The trading company Sir Robert Wigram founded was famous for ﬂ e e t , its of East Indiamen one of which was named the Walthamstow . W i ram s The g formed quite a colony here . Thorpe Combe and Brooks ’ S i r M y croft were both residences of Robert s sons , whilst the one s , with i r whom the W g am s were to become so closely connected both i i i family VVood end and business concerns , occupied the great house , , which at that

time stood at the j unction of Wyatts Lane and Wood Street . His great randson d g , Sir E gar Wigram of Wells , Somerset , is the sixth and present B u aro et .

NE X T in order we see the elaborate Shield of Benjamin EL 42 B ﬁ R e acons e ld . DI S A I , E arl of These Arms are included to remind u s not only that young Benjamin

spent some of his formative years i n our parish , but also of the excellent Academy for the Sons of Gentlemen

which the Rev . E liezer Cogan kept at E ssex Hall ,

Higham Hill . The old house , rebuilt by William Rowe 1 59 0 B en ste de about , as the Manor House of Higham ,

had been much neglected , and Anthony Bacon who acquired the Manor in the eighteenth century had decided to abandon the remains of Essex Hal l and build the house at Woodford Green known as

Higham Hill s . In the old mansion thus vacated the Rev . E liezer Cogan

established himself in the Opening decade of the nineteenth century , and

his famous school and the men he trained there need no comment here . T h e Js wish Family of Benjami n Disraeli had ﬂe d in days of persecution

1 7 48 . A t from Spain to Venice , and came to settle in England in the age 1 3 ’ of , Disrael i was sent to Cogan s School at E ssex Hall , Walthamstow , M H e the old anor House of the Rowes . remained with Cogan for four “ years , and said afterwards that nothing was thought of there but the two

dead languages , the Schoolmaster being an admirable instructor in them , ” as well as a famous scholar . It is pleasing to remember that in later

life , D israel i revisited his old school and that he retained very kindly recollections of Mrs . Cogan .

“ tl Oh a A ar e co unter cha h e . rge n t , on a pale gu les th ree escallops , over all a ch vro n e ng railed g

x S i wl es . chief , wa es Qf the sea , the reo n a h p g

42 ' ' m e r - f . Two , P salti re gu les a n d a rge n t a castle t r iple towe red i n chief , Q the last lio n s ra pa nt i n

- i i n ar . fess sable, a n d a n eagle d splayed base A few years after D israel i had left Higham Hill to

commence his important career , another famous man

was born at E lm L odge in Forest Road , Waltham stow , and we notice a Shield of Arms granted in 1 84 3 to the M OR R S 43 father of William I . These bearings , whatever

their origin , became in the mind of the boy , then aged hi s nine , something deeply , if obscurely , associated with H e life . considered himself in some sense a tribesman H e of the White Horse . made a regular yearly pilgrimage to the White Horse of the Berkshire downs , which lies within a d rive of Kelmscott . In the house which he built for himself afterwards ’ the horse s head is pictur ed on tiles and glass painted by his own hand . 1 834 William Morris was born in . and l ived at Walthamstow and Wood M ’ ford until 1 85 6 . We are still too close to orris times fully to appreciate i nﬂue n ce the enormous of his life , but as a writer , craftsman and former of public Opinion we realise the debt we owe to his labours . It is safe to say that he created a revolution in the tastes of the people , and , if for no other reasons , he deserves our gratitude for providing an avenue of escape H for in l e s s . e from the ugly and in daily life was , however , a creative genius and h i s nam e will gather increasing honou r with th e passage of time .

T W O further S hields concern the closing stories of two B enste de Manors ; Higham , and the Rectory Manor . The former of these had changed hands many times bet ween the relinquishing of the property of the Rowes in 1 7 62 and the coming of the YSI IXR NER 44 fam ily as

owners . Edward Warner of Theydon , Essex , had by “f Ann his wife , a son , E dward arner , of Leyton , who died 1 18 5 . in His son , the third E dward Warner recorded

by Burke , was in possession of the Clock House , l m w a th a sto 1847 . W , and died in E dward , fourth of the name , became the B e n e de 1 st . 85 7 owner of Higham His son , Thomas Courtenay , born in ,

1 - was created a Baronet in 9 10 . His enterprise created the well known ﬁtti n Warner E states in the newer Walthamstow , and it was a g com n plim e t that S ir T . Courtenay Warner was selected as the Charter Mayor on the inauguration of the Borough .

I T remains to describe the last S hield of arms which was granted to the Huguenot family of 1 2 L . 3 8 an old family of orraine and Vermandois In , l i n E sch e Robert de V a l e nt was Lord of py . John de V all e nti n served with John de Montfort i n the Combat w as B of the Thirty , and killed at the battle of rignais ; T r i uart V all e nti n Hugh and q de took part at Poitiers . ll n i n and John de V a e t served arms at Agincourt . Nicholas de V a l l e n ti n was in command of the Army of

“A ’ u . a a r z re a ho rse s head e r s ed a rge n t betwee n th ree ho rse shoes . 4 P m he m" u n h fs cou t e r c/uu z ed u l l n . rge t a n d (r les two em e betwee n roses, all g 4" - - Er m i nﬁ r osm u tes a nd a. m . , th ree ﬂ hel et p rope r 2 2 1 6 5 4 the Lorrainers at Arras in , where he met his death . Sir James i n V all e nt , K night , chief of the younger branch of the family in England , 1814 f 18 0 was born in and served as Sheri f of the City of London in 7 , in

which year he d ied . Some time previously he had acquired the Rectory

Manor at Walthamstow . A memorial was placed to him and to his son ’ in S t . Mary s Church .

W E close this necessarily short account of the Walthamstow Armorial with a reference to the Oﬁ ci al Arms adopted by the Borough of W A L TH A M STOW

under a Grant from the College of Arms in 1929 . It is h z A r en t a w a w i ck ul es . n a c i e a ur described as g , g O f e

a sea - mew vo la n t between two a ncho s a r ent i n r g , and corporates the “ maunch ” of Toni and the “ chief of M onoux , the latter changed from gules to azure in m compli ent to the Maynard Family , whose armorial

supporters are ranged on either side of the full Coat of Arms , whilst the ” legend , Fellowship is Life , being taken from the writings of William w N Morris , completes the heraldic connection of Walthamsto with orman , — a Tudor , Stuart and Victorian days summary of our growth and history

over eight centuries of time .

W a l t ha ms t o w Ant i q ua r i a n S o c i e t y O f f i c i a l p u bl i c a t i o n

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