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Ali Cömert Thesis July 2013

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Ali Cömert Thesis July 2013 IST ANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY « GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPING A NAVIGATIONAL MODEL FOR THE TURK ISH STRAITS Ph.D. THESIS Ali CÖMERT Department of Maritime Transportation Engineering Maritime Transportation Engineering Programme JULY 2013 IST ANBU L TEC HNIC AL UNIVERSITY « GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPING A NAVIGATIONAL MODEL FOR THE TURKISH STRAITS Ph.D. THESIS Ali CÖMERT (5120220002) Department of Maritime Transportation Engineering Maritime Transportation Engineering Programme Thesis Advisor: Prof. Dr. Osman Kȃmil SAĞ JULY 2013 İSTAN BUL TEKN İK ÜNİVERSİTESİ « FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK BOĞAZLARI İÇİN BİR SEYİR MODELİ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ DOKTORA TEZİ Ali CÖMERT (5120220002) Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Programı Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Osman Kȃmil SAĞ TEMMUZ 2013 Date of Submission : 29 March 2013 Date of Defense : 3 July 2013 Ali Cömert, a Ph.D. student of ITU Graduv ate School of Science Engineering and Technology student ID 5120220002, successfully defended the thesis entitled “ThDEesVisELO AdvPisoINrG : A PrNAVof. DIrG. OMAsTamhIOamnNAu Kt CȃLme lialMl SABOARĞDEL LA F OR THE.............................. TURKISH ST RAI TS”, w hich h e prepared after fulfilling the requirements specified in the vi FOREWORD The Turkish Straits is very important, strategic and also very dangerous waterway. This thesis is prepared in order to develop a safe navigational model for this difficult and busy passage. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Prof. Dr. Osman Kȃmil SAĞ for his support and guidance. I would also like to extent my appreciation to my committee members Prof. Dr. Ömer GÖREN and Dr. Özkan POYRAZ for their advices during my preparation of this thesis. My sincere appreciation is extended to Prof. Dr. Nil GÜLER, Prof. Dr. Mahmut Celal BARLA, Prof. Dr. Sezer ILGIN, and Prof. Dr. Fevzi ERDOĞMUŞ for their support and guidance. This work is fully supported by ITU Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, ITU Maritime Faculty, Directorate General of Coastal Safety and Turkish Maritime Pilots’ Association. I would also like to express my special thanks to the Director Prof. Dr. İsmail KOYUNCU and all academic and other working staff of the ITU Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, to the Dean Prof. Dr. Nil GÜLER and all academic and other working staff of the ITU Maritime Faculty, to the General Director Capt. Salih ORAKCI and all other working staff of the Directorate General of Coastal Safety, and also to Capt. Hüseyin Şükrü ARIK, Chief Pilot (retired), to Capt. Saim OĞUZÜLGEN, Chief Pilot (retired), to Capt. Ömür ÖZTAŞKIN, Chief Pilot (retired), to Capt. Nihat TURAN, Chief Pilot, to Capt. Hüseyin ENER, Chief Pilot, to Capt. İsmail AKPINAR, Chief Pilot, President of the Turkish Maritime Pilots’ Association and Vice-President of European Maritime Pilots’ Association, and to the directors and members of Turkish Maritime Pilots’ Association and to all my maritime pilot colleagues. I would also like to extent my deep appreciation and thanks to my family for their support and encouragement. All figures (images, photographs, and graphics), tables, and texts in this thesis belong to the author, unless otherwise mentioned. July 2013 Ali CÖMERT Senior Maritime Pilot, Ocean-Going Master, Maritime Transportation and Management Engineer vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD............................................................................................................vii TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................ix ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................xiii LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................xvii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................xix SUMMARY...........................................................................................................xxiii ÖZET.......................................................................................................................xxv 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................29 1.1 Purpose of Thesis.............................................................................................29 1.2 Background, Short History and Literature Review..........................................30 1.2.1 Turkish Straits during the antiquity..........................................................30 1.2.2 Settlement and sovereignty of Turks in and around the Turkish Straits...35 1.2.3 Ancient rule of the Empire........................................................................36 1.2.4 International agreements during the nineteenth century...........................36 1.2.5 The First World War and Çanakkale Battles............................................37 1.2.6 Occupation, Commission of the Straits, dark years for Turkish Straits....40 1.2.7 The Montreux Convention........................................................................43 1.2.8 Other legal instruments.............................................................................44 1.2.9 Other studies and resources related to the Turkish Straits or this study...44 2. PASSAGES TROUGH THE TURKISH STRAITS.........................................51 2.1 Southbound Passage.........................................................................................51 2.1.1 Approaching to İstanbul Strait from north................................................51 2.1.2 Türkeli to Çalı Burnu................................................................................54 2.1.3 Çalı Burnu to Büyükdere..........................................................................55 2.1.4 Büyükdere turn..........................................................................................56 2.1.5 Büyükdere to Yeniköy..............................................................................59 2.1.6 Yeniköy turn.............................................................................................60 2.1.7 Yeniköy to İstinye.....................................................................................62 2.1.8 İstinye to Emirgan.....................................................................................63 2.1.9 Emirgan to Aşiyan....................................................................................64 2.1.10 Aşiyan-Bebek-Akıntı Burnu turn............................................................65 2.1.11 Akıntı Burnu to Kuruçeşme....................................................................66 2.1.12 Kuruçeşme turn.......................................................................................67 2.1.13 Kuruçeşme to Kabataş ............................................................................67 2.1.14 Kabataş - Sarayburnu turn.......................................................................68 2.1.15 Sarayburnu to Ahırkapı sığlığı................................................................68 2.1.16 Ahırkapı sığlık şamandırası turn.............................................................69 2.1.17 Ahırkapı sığlığı to separation buoy.........................................................69 2.1.18 Separation buoy to Ambarlı ....................................................................70 ix 2.1.19 Ambarlı to Şarköy...................................................................................70 2.1.20 Şarköy to Gelibolu pilot boarding area...................................................70 2.1.21 Gelibolu pilot boarding area to Gelibolu pilot station.............................71 2.1.22 Gelibolu pilot station to Karakova Burnu...............................................72 2.1.23 Karakova Burnu to Akbaş Burnu............................................................73 2.1.24 Akbaş Burnu to Nara Geçidi...................................................................73 2.1.25 Nara Geçidi turn (southbound)................................................................74 2.1.26 Nara Geçidi to Kilitbahir.........................................................................76 2.1.27 Kilitbahir turn..........................................................................................77 2.1.28 Kilitbahir to Karanfil Burnu....................................................................78 2.1.29 Karanfil Burnu to Anıt Limanı................................................................79 2.1.30 Anıt Limanı to Mehmetçik Burnu...........................................................80 2.1.31 Mehmetçik Burnu to Mehmetçik pilot disembarking area......................81 2.2 Northbound Passage.........................................................................................81 2.2.1 Approaching to Çanakkale Strait from south............................................82 2.2.2 Mehmetçik pilot embarkation area to Kumkale Burnu.............................84 2.2.3 Kumkale Burnu to Karanlık Liman...........................................................85 2.2.4 Karanlık Liman to Kanlıdere (Kepez) Burnu............................................85 2.2.5 Kanlıdere (Kepez) Burnu to Çanakkale....................................................85 2.2.6 Çanakkale turn...........................................................................................86
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