Water Resources and Use in Jay County

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S " ¸# Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., Governor Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Robert E. Carter Jr., Director Aquifer Systems Map 37-B

BEDROCK AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF JAY COUNTY, INDIANA

R. 15 E. R. 1 E. R. 14 E. R. 15 E.

R. 13 E. R. 14 E. New Corydon The occurrence of bedrock aquifers depends on the original composition of the rocks and subsequent changes which influence the hydraulic propertie s. Post- R 12 E. R. 13 E. Wabash River 3 depositional processes, which promote jointing, fracturing, and solution activity 5 4 L 1 6 Jay City im 2 of exposed bedrock, generally increase the hydraulic conductivity (permeability) T. 25 N. b 4 3 5 e of the upper portion of bedrock aquifer systems. Because permeability in many T. 24 N. 6 rl 1 os places is greatest near the bedrock surface, bedrock units within the upper 100 3 2 t 4 ad 800 N 6 5 County Ro feet are commonly the most productive aquifers. 1 C 3 2 re 5 4 e k Unconsolidated deposits of varying thickness overlie bedrock aquifer systems in Loblolly Creek 9 10 Jay County. Most of the bedrock aquifers in the county are under confined 7 8 k Fiat 11 12 conditions. In other words, the potentiometric surface (water level) in most wells e SR 18 27 10 e 9 r 8 completed in bedrock rises above the top of the water -bearing formation. C 7 11 12 10 Trinity SR 67 ll 8 9 i 7 The yield of a bedrock aquifer depends on its hydraulic characteristics and the 12 M 11 W 10 SR 67 C nature of the overlying deposits. Shale and glacial till act as aquitards, restricting

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15 occur in aquitards, which can increase recharge to the underlying aquifers.

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S 13 14 a Hydraulic properties of the bedrock aquifers are highly variable. e West 15 d e 16 Bryant

4 Balb k 17 ec R Liberty 18 5 d oad 650 N 13 0 Poling County R 14 The susceptibility of bedrock aquifer systems to surface contamination is largely 16 15 E 17 L County Road 600 N 18 i dependent on the type and thickness of the overlying sediments. Because the 13 b C e 17 o Balbec 14 r 15 t u bedrock aquifer systems have complex fracturing systems, once a contaminant y 16 n

R t eek y has been introduced into a bedrock aquifer system, it will be di fficult to track and r d e C R k er i 22 o av W remediate.

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20 0 Two bedrock aquifer systems are identified for Jay County. They are the Silurian

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a R 23 and Devonian Carbonates and the Maquoketa Group of Ordovician age. 5

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i o ver 29 28 C C 30 re 25 ek 27 26 L 29 28 i 30 m 25 b 26 er 28 27 lo 29 ester st 30 Westch n 25 i 26 27 a C Co2u9nty Road 450 N 28 Antiville r r D e N C e unty Road 400 Silurian and Devonian Carbonates Aquifer System Ordovician -- Maquoketa Group Aquifer System Co W k

o Kitt u s 34 i n 33 k 32 l t 31 s y 36 n o 35 R 34 a n r o 33 Pennville 32 31 a F

d 36 C The Silurian and Devonian Carbonates Aquifer System is extensive throughout The extent of the Maquoketa Group Aquifer System subcrop area is limited to

35 1 T. 24 N. 34 r 33 5 e nearly all of Jay county. The system includes Silurian age carbonate rock units two buried bedrock valleys located along the south-central and northwest portions 32 0 e T. 23 N. 31 36 E k 35 (limestone and dolomite) with some interbedded shale units. Total thickness of of Jay County. The Maquoketa Group consists of, in ascending order: the Kope, County Road 350 N 34 32 33 the Silurian bedrock is up to 350 feet. Depth to the bedrock surface ranges from Dillsboro, and Whitewater Formations and includes mostly interbedded shale and County Road 300 N about 7 to 300 feet but is commonly 50 to 120 feet. Total well depths range from limestone units. Thickness of the Maquoketa Group in Jay County ranges from 2 1 4 3 30 to 320 feet but are typically 100 to 170 feet. Penetration into bedrock is 750 to 850 feet and thins as it dips beneath younger strata to the northwest. The 6 5 1 2 commonly 30 to 75 feet. depth to the bedrock surface ranges from 240 to 450 feet. T. 24 N. 4 3 5 T. 23 N. W 6 aln 1 27 ut C 2 Noble The Silurian and Devonian Carbonates Aquifer System in Jay County is c apable Few wells have been reported in this system in Jay County because adequate or4n 3 5 er R

6 d C 1 of meeting the needs of domestic and some high-capacity users. Typical domestic supplies are available from the overlying Silurian and Devonian Carbonates and 2 o 4 3 u yields range from 10 to 25 gallons per minute (gpm ). Static water levels range in places, unconsolidated sand and gravel resources. Reported depths of the few County Road 200 N n t y from 4 to 105 feet but are commonly 20 to 45 feet. There are 8 registered high-

wells drilled in the Maquoketa Group range from 302 to 452 feet with the amount R 12 o 9 10 11 capacity facilities (22 wells) with yields that range from 80 to 600 gpm . of rock penetration ranging from 4 to 273 feet. The overlying deposits may also 7 a 8

12 C 11 5 10 o contribute to the overall yield of wells completed in the Maquoketa Group

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8 0 n Most of the Silurian and Devonian Carbonates Aquifer System in Jay County is

k 7 Aquifer System. Reported well yields range from 4 to 90 gpm and static water

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10 R overlain by clay deposits of variable thickness. Where overlying clay materials r 9 levels are 27 to 55 feet below land surface. C 8 oad 100 N o R a 7 County are thick, this aquifer system is considered at low risk to contamination. 12 d

11 9 10 d 8 However, there are localized areas where the bedrock surface is shallow . Also, u 0 Thick clay deposits cap this aquifer system; therefore, the Maquoketa Group

M E near the Salamonie and Wabash rivers bedrock is overlain by thin alluvial and Aquifer System is not very susceptible to contamination from the land surface. 13 16 15 14 outwash deposits. These areas, therefore, are at moderate to high risk to 18 17 SR 26 14 13 contamination. 16 15 17 38-00289-IN 18 13 14 15 Center 16 17 38-00295-IN Rd 13 18 Division 14 16 15 SR 26 Sa untaine 24 la Bellef2o1 22 23 m 19 20 o Portland SR 26 23 24

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Bro d C R. 11 E. R. 12 E. oks a 11 12 C r 10 r ree y 9 k 8 e 7 B P 11 12 e 10 i k u 9 k 8 e 12 7 t t L 11 e it 38-00943-PS C 10 Collett tl Dunkirk 9 o r e 8 m n S 1 0.5 0 1 Kilometer 7 u a 12 o l 11 t Antioch a 10 R m 9 C o 8 d County Road 500 S ni 7 d r e 6 R e R W 1 38-00640-IN t e i n k v e a R sa r a l 13 n 14 S le k 17 16 15 P e 18 u t e 13 14 t W r

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Map Use and Disclaimer Statement This map was created from several existing shapefiles. Township and Range Lines of Indiana Bedrock Aquifer Systems of Jay County, Indiana We request that the following agency be acknowledged in products derived (line shapefile, 20020621), Land Survey Lines of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621) and from this map: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. County Boundaries of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), were all from the Indiana Map generated by Andrew G. Dunkman Geological Survey and based on a 1:24,000 scale, except the Bedrock Geology of Indiana by IDNR, Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section This map was compiled by staff of the Indiana Department of Natural (polygon shapefile, 20020318), which was at a 1:500,000 scale. Draft road shapefiles, System1 Randal D. Maier Resources, Division of Water using data believed to be reasonably accurate. and System2 (line shapefiles, 2003), were from the Indiana Department of Transportation and Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section However, a degree of error is inherent in all maps. This product is distributed based on a 1:24,000 scale. Populated Areas in Indiana 2000 (polygon shapefile, 20021000) was “as is” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. This map from the U.S. Census Bureau and based on a 1:100,000 scale. Streams27 (line shapefile, is intended for use only at the published scale. 20000420 was from the Center for Advanced Applications in GIS at Purdue University. April 2007

Jay County, Indiana is located in the east-central portion of the state with all of the areal extent of the county situated within the Upper Wabash River Basin.

Jay The potentiometric surface mapped (PSM) contour elevations represent lines of equal elevation relative to the measured groundwater Wabas City h River levels in wells. In general, wells completed in a confined aquifer system are bound by impermeable layers and will have static water

levels under hydrostatic pressure causing the water level to rise above the elevation of the aquifer resource. In contrast, an unconfined

aquifer system is not bound by impermeable layers; therefore, the water level will not be under hydrostatic pressure and will not rise C h

a itc above the aquifer resource. Static water level measurements in individual wells used to construct the potentiometric surface map are m D r ze p t i

indicative of the water level at the time of well completion. Therefore, current site specific conditions may differ due to local or w S R s

o seasonal variations in measured static water levels.

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¬1 Coordinate locations of water well records were physically obtained in the field, determined through address geocoding, or reported

reek Loblolly C on water well records. Elevation data were obtained from a digital elevation model (DEM). Elevation and location quality control/quality assurance procedures were utilized to refine or remove data where errors were readily apparent. Fiat

«¬18 In Jay County depth to bedrock is generally from 50-120 feet with wells completed in carbonate deposits of the Silurian and Devonian Lim Carbonates Aquifer System. There are approximately 962 located wells that are completed in bedrock and utilized towards the berlost Creek

Trinity

mapping of the bedrock potentiometric surface. However, the northwest and west-central portions of the county are lacking in data «¬67

W and/or are covered by more prolific unconsolidated deposits that limit the necessity to complete wells in bedrock. To the northwest, in c t i o

particular, a deep buried bedrock valley, the Lafayette (Teays) Bedrock Valley System, is present where up to 400 feet of glacial D l

deposits have filled the valley (Schrader, 2007). Therefore, potentiometric surface elevation contours have not been extended through C o

o r e these areas. h h e S c

k it D y r Potentiometric surface elevations range from a high of 1000 feet mean sea level (msl) in the southeast region of the county, to a low of West Liberty r Bryant e 830 feet msl in the north-central part of the county. Generalized groundwater flow direction for Jay County is towards major drainage P Poling relevant to the basin. Therefore, groundwater flow is northwest towards the Salamonie River for much of the county south of the Balbec Salamonie River, and north towards the Wabash River, Loblolly Creek and Limberlost Creek for the northern third of Jay County.

Schrader, 2007; Unconsolidated and Bedrock Aquifer Systems of Blackford County, Indiana, Indiana Department of Natural

Resources, Division of Water, Aquifer System Maps 36-A and 36-B.

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Salem Hillshade Map of Jay County, Indiana

Map Use and Disclaimer Statement Potentiometric Surface Map of the Bedrock Aquifers of Jay County, Indiana Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., Governor Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Robert E. Carter Jr., Director Aquifer Systems Map 37-A

UNCONSOLIDATED AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF JAY COUNTY, INDIANA

R. 15 E. R. 1 E. R. 14 E. R. 15 E.

R. 13 E. R. 14 E. Five unconsolidated aquifer systems have been mapped in Jay County: the New Corydon Till Veneer; the Bluffton Till; the Bluffton Till Subsystem; the Bluffton Bluffton Till Aquifer Subsystem R 12 E. R. 13 E. Wabash Rive r3 Complex; and the Wabash River and Tributaries Outwash Subsystem. 5 4 L 1 6 Jay City Boundaries of these aquifer systems are comm only gradational, and im 2 T. 25 N. b 4 3 The Bluffton Till Aquifer Subsystem is mapped throughout most of Jay 5 e individual aquifers may extend across aquifer system boundaries. T. 24 N. 6 r 1 lo County. The subsystem is mapped similar to that of the Bluffton Till 2 st 3 5 4 County Road 800 N Pre-Wisconsin and Wisconsin glacial sediments completely cover Jay Aquifer System. However, potential aquifer materials are thinner and 6 C 2 1 r County. However, the thickness of unconsolidated sediments is quite potential yield is less in the subsystem than the Bluffton Till Aquifer 4 3 e 5 ek variable. The bedrock surface in portions of central, northeastern and System. eek Loblolly Cr southwestern Jay County is shallow. However, deep buried bedrock 9 10 7 8 valleys are present throughout the county. Thickness of sediments that Although approximately 92 percent of wells in the area utilize the k Fiat 11 12 e SR 18 27 10 e 9 underlying bedrock aquifer system, the subsystem is capable of meeting r 8 overlie bedrock generally range from 10 feet near the Wabash River to as C 7 the needs of some domestic users. Well depths range from 50 to 150 feet. 11 12 much as 450 feet where glacial sediments have filled pre -glacial valleys. 10 Trinity SR 67 ll 8 9 Potential aquifer materials include thin, intratill sand and gravel deposits i 7 M 12 11 W that are generally less than 6 feet thick and are capped by 45 to 95 feet of 10 SR 67 C Regional estimates of aquifer susceptibility to contamination from the

9 o 8 o SR 18 u surface can differ considerably from local reality. Variations within till. Well yields are generally less than 10 gpm and static water levels

geologic environments can cause variation in susceptibility to surface range from 10 to 80 feet below land surface. The subsystem is generally 15

R 16

C R 18 17 o contamination. In addition, man-made structures such as poorly not very susceptible to surface contamination because intratill sand and

S 13

r West 14 a e 16 15 d

e Bryant constructed water wells, unplugged or improperly abandoned wells, and gravel units are overlain by thick till deposits. Ba 17 4 lb k ec R Liberty 18 5 d oad 650 N 13 0 open excavations, can provide contaminant pathways that bypass the Poling County R 14 16 15 E 17 L County Road 600 N naturally protective clays. 18 i 13 b C e 17 o Balbec 14 r 15 t u y Bluffton Complex Aquifer System 16 n

R t ek y re d C R er 22 o av W

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B 20 a Till Veneer Aquifer System

0 19

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The Bluffton Complex Aquifer System is mapped in the northwest corner

21 5

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and portions of the southern half of Jay County. This system includes o E

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6 unconsolidated deposits that are quite variable in materials and thickness.

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The Till Veneer Aquifer System has the most limited ground-water

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k u Sand and gravel aquifer deposits vary from thin to massive and are

23 o resources of the unconsolidated aquifer systems in the county. This

22 t

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n typically overlain by a thick till. In places the system also exhibits

S y N system is generally mapped in the central, northeast and southwest a u Road 500 la 20 t County B m o

on n ea multiple layers of outwash and till above the primary aquifer resource. u ie C r 27 portions of the county in areas where the bedrock surface is shallow and

o Riv C 29 28 e C r 30 r eek 25 the overlying unconsolidated deposits are commonly less than 50 feet. 27 26 Typical well depths range from 70 to 140 feet. Reported aquifer materials 29 28 30 L 25 im There is little potential for ground water production in the Till Veneer are up to 120 feet thick. However, typical aquifer thicknesses are 5 to 25 27 26 b 28 er feet. These aquifer deposits are commonly overlain by till with 29 tchester lo Aquifer System in Jay County. Clay materials dominate the 30 Wes n s 25 i t intermittent sands and gravels that are generally 35 to 120 feet thick. The 26 a unconsolidated deposits, but in some isolated areas thin, fine-grained sand 27 r County2 R9 oad 450 N 28 Antiville C multiple intermittent sands and gravels range from 1 to 50 feet thick but D and gravel units, commonly less than 5 feet thick, are present. Large N C r nty Road 400 e Cou W e o Kitt k are typically less than 15 feet. u s 34 diameter bucket wells may be successful in meeting the needs of some i n 33 k 32 l t 31 s y 36 n o domestic users. However, all reported wells in the mapped area are 35 R 34 a n r In the northwest and south-central portions of the county o 33 completed in the underlying bedrock and there are no wells that produce Pennville 32 31 a F

d 36 C the Bluffton Complex overlies pre-glacial valleys as deep from the Till Veneer Aquifer System. 35 1 T. 24 N. 38-02226-PS 34 r 33 5 e as 450 feet to the northwest and 310 feet in the southern 32 0 e T. 23 N. 31 36 E k 35 mapped area. Deep aquifer materials range from 3 to 60 County Road 350 N 34 Because of the generally low permeability of the near-surface materials, 32 33 this system is not very susceptible to contamination from surface sources. feet thick with reported yields ranging from 5 to 150 gpm. County Road 300 N 1 However, there are areas where bedrock is extremely shallow. These Static water levels range from 20 to 89 feet below surface. 3 2 5 4 areas are moderately susceptible to contamination. 1 6 2 The Bluffton Complex Aquifer System is capable of meeting the needs of T. 24 N. 4 3 5 T. 23 N. W 6 domestic and high-capacity users. Typical domestic yields range from 15 aln 1 27 ut C 2 Noble or4n 3 to 60 gpm. Static water levels commonly range from 10 to 45 feet below 5 er R Bluffton Till Aquifer System

6 d C 1 surface. This aquifer system is not very susceptible to contamination 2 o 4 3 u County Road 200 N n because thick clay deposits overlie aquifer materials. t

R 12 o 9 10 11 In Jay County the Bluffton Till Aquifer System is mapped throughout the 7 a 8

12 C 11

5 county. The system typically consists of thick clay with intermittent sands 10 o

9 0 u

8 0 n and gravels that in places are up to 220 feet in total thickness. Well depths

k 7 Wabash River and Tributaries Outwash t 12 E e 11 y

10 R generally range from 65 to 120 feet below surface. Potential aquifer r 9 Aquifer Subsystem C 8 oad 100 N o 7 County R a materials include sands and/or gravels that typically range from 5 to 15 12 d

11 9 10 d 8 u 0 feet thick and are overlain by 50 to 110 feet of clay with intermittent

M E sands. The Wabash River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer Subsystem is mapped 14 13 17 16 15 along two sections of the Salamonie River; one to the west of Portland and 6 13 18 SR 2 14 In the northwest corner of Jay County this system overlies a another west of Pennville. There are very few wells completed in this 16 15 17 subsystem. However, several test and pro duction wells for the Town of 13 18 deep, well established buried bedrock valley. Few wells 14 15 Pennville note adequate potential for domestic and some high -capacity Center 16 are reported in this area. Depth to the bedrock surface is up 17 Rd 13 18 Division to 450 feet with sand and gravel aquifer deposits about 10 users. Well depths are generally 60 feet below surface. Aquifer materials 14 16 15 are commonly capped by silt, sandy clay, or clay ranging from 10 to 30 SR 26 feet thick. Reported domestic capacity is about 15 gallons per minute (gpm). feet thick. Sand and gravel aquifer deposits generally range from 25 to 55 Sa efountaine 24 la Bell 21 22 23 feet thick. There is one registered significant water withdrawal facility (2 m 19 20 o ortland R 26 24 n P S 22 23 wells) in the outwash subsystem in Jay County. Yield for each well is 160 W S In the south-central portion of the county bedrock is up to k ie 21 R

0 20 e

W n 0 R 19 gpm and static water levels are 13 feet below surface.

e u 2 280 feet deep. However, the potential of deep sand and 6 0 i 24 r 6 23 v R 0 e d 22 1 C r n County Road 100 S gravel resources is unknown. a 21

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20 w 19 R R a d Areas within these aquifer systems that have overlying clay or silt deposits 24 R

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o 22 o k e 21 t are moderately susceptible to surface contamination; whereas, areas that

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o n The Bluffton Till Aquifer System is capable of meeting the needs of

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y R t o lack overlying clay or silt deposits are highly susceptible to contamination.

r domestic and some high-capacity users. Domestic well capacities are n

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30 generally 10 to 20 gpm. Static water levels are commonly 25 to 45 feet

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4 28 below surface. This aquifer system is generally not very susceptible to

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surface contamination because intratill sand and gravel units are overlain d 25

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3 Registered Significant Ground- T. 23 N. 4 4

5 7 T. 22 N. ad 350 S 1 6 5 Water Withdrawal Facility County Ro 2 E Como 3 S

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Map Use and Disclaimer Statement This map was created from several existing shapefiles. Township and Range Lines of Indiana (line shapefile, 20020621), Land Survey Lines of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems of Jay County, Indiana We request that the following agency be acknowledged in products derived and County Boundaries of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), were all from the Indiana from this map: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. Geological Survey and based on a 1:24,000 scale. Draft road shapefiles, System1 and System2 by Map generated by Andrew G. Dunkman (line shapefiles, 2003), were from the Indiana Department of Transportation and based on a IDNR, Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section Randal D. Maier This map was compiled by staff of the Indiana Department of Natural 1:24,000 scale. Populated Areas in Indiana 2000 (polygon shapefile, 20021000) was from the Resources, Division of Water using data believed to be reasonably accurate. U.S. Census Bureau and based on a 1:100,000 scale. Streams27 (line shapefile, 20000420) was Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section However, a degree of error is inherent in all maps. This product is distributed from the Center for Advanced Applications in GIS at Purdue University. Unconsolidated aquifer “as is” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. This map systems coverage (Maier, 2007) was based on a 1:24,000 scale. April 2007 is intended for use only at the published scale.

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Salem Hillshade Map of Jay County, Indiana

Map Use and Disclaimer Statement Potentiometric Surface Map of the Unconsolidated Aquifers of Jay County, Indiana