sign in sign up
<<
Home , Cracking pearlymussel, Epioblasma flexuosa, Epioblasma personata, Epioblasma propinqua, Epioblasma sampsonii, Obovaria retusa

2006. Proceedings of the Academy of Science 115(2) :103–109

CURRENT STATUS OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (ORDER UNIONOIDA) IN TH E DRAINAGE OF INDIAN A

Brant E . Fisher: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Atterbury Fish Wildlife Area, 7970 South Rowe Street, P .O. Box 3000, Edinburgh, Indiana 46124 USA

ABSTRACT . Seventy-five of freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) have historically inhabited the Wabash River drainage of Indiana . Nine of these species have always been restricted to Wabash Rive r tributaries and never maintained reproducing populations in the mainstem Wabash River . Of the 66 re- maining species, 18 are currently considered extirpated from the entire drainage and 18 maintain repro - ducing populations only in Wabash River tributaries . Currently, 30 species maintain reproducing popula - tions in the mainstem Wabash River, which represents a 55% reduction in its freshwater mussel fauna . To date, the entire Wabash River drainage of Indiana has seen a 24% reduction in its freshwater mussel fauna. Keywords : Freshwater mussels, Wabash Rive r

The freshwater mussel (Order Unionoida) mussels in the Wabash River drainage of Il- fauna of the Wabash River drainage has bee n linois . well documented historically . Stein (1881) at - Many of the larger tributaries of the Wa- tempted the first complete list of the `mollus- bash River have also had recent survey wor k cous fauna of Indiana, and referenced many completed (from upstream to downstream) : species as inhabiting the Wabash River and its Salamonie River (Ecological Specialists, Inc . tributaries. Call (1894, 1896, 1897, 1900) , 1995), (Ecological Spe- Blatchley Daniels (1903), Daniels (1903 , cialists, Inc . 1995), Eel River (upper Wabash 1915), and Goodrich van der Schalie (1944 ) River) (Henschen 1987), Tippecanoe Rive r continued to add to the knowledge of Indi- (Cummings Berlocher 1990 ; Cummings e t anas fauna and provided invaluable al. 1992 ; Ecological Specialists, Inc . 1993 , information on those species found in the Wa- 1998 ; Ball Schoenung 1996 ; Common - wealth Biomonitoring 2005 ; EnviroScienc e bash River drainage . 2006), Middle Fork Wildcat (Henschen 1990) , Three important Wabash River studies wer e small streams of Tippecanoe County (Myers - completed during the 1960s and 1970s . Meyer Kinzie et al . 2001), Jordan Creek (Szafoni et (1968) and Krumholz et al . (1970) studied the al. 2000), Sugar Creek (middle Wabash Rive r commercially valuable species of the Wabas h tributary) (Lewis 1991), Brouilletts Creek and White rivers . Clark (1976) inventoried (Tiemann 2005), East Fork White River drain - mussels from the lower Wabash River. age (Cummings et al . 1992; Ball Schoen- Between 1987 and 1991, Cummings et al. ung 1996 ; Harmon 1998 ; Clarke et al . 1999 ; (1992) sampled 100 sites in the Wabash Rive r EnviroScience 2006), West Fork White Rive r drainage, including 53 sites on the mainste m drainage (Cummings et al . 1992; Henschen Wabash River. Several of the lower Wabas h 1993, 1995 ; L. Bowley, Muncie Bureau of River sites sampled by Cummings et al . Water Quality pers. comm .), and Patoka River (1992) were re-sampled in 1996 by Franklan d (Ecological Specialists, Inc. 2001). Figure 1 (1996) . Ball Schoenung (1996.an) d illustrates the recent collections cited here , EnviroScience (2006) intensively sample d which include samples from 1987-2004 . freshwater mussels at several locations in the In addition to this information, the Wildlife upper mainstem Wabash River. Page et al . Diversity Section, Division of Fish and Wild - (1992) and Cummings Mayer (1997) pro- life, Indiana Department of Natural Resourc- vide information on the status of freshwater es, collected freshwater mussel information

103

104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENC E

Figure 1 .—Freshwater mussel sample location s Figure 2.—Freshwater mussel sample locations reported from cited literature for the Wabash Rive r reported from cited literature and collected by th e drainage, Indiana (1987-2004). Wildlife Diversity Section, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, for the Wabash River drainage , Indiana (1987-2006) . from nearly 900 sites within the Wabash Rive r drainage between 1995–2006 (Fig . 2) . This in- formation, along with the previously cited sur- veys, was used to determine the current status the stream bottom was searched with hands o r of freshwater mussel species within the Wa- shoed-feet. bash River drainage of Indiana . Live freshwater mussels were identified on- METHOD S site and returned ; representative dead shel l material was retained from most locations. Several different collecting methods wer e Species lists indicating the best condition o f used in the previously cited surveys ; the in- shell material (live, fresh dead, weathere d dividual reports should be reviewed to deter - dead, or subfossil) encountered were prepared mine the specific methods used by those re - . All shell material searchers. for all sampled locations An informal sampling design (Strayer retained from our sampling efforts is currentl y e Smith 2003) was utilized for most of our sur- vouchered at the Atterbury Fish and Wildlif veys within the Wabash River drainage . Sam- Area, Edinburgh, Indiana . pling locations were chosen to provide infor- Besides the specific freshwater mussel sam- mation from watersheds where few or n o pling described, additional information was previous freshwater mussel surveys had bee n obtained incidentally while completing survey completed. Locations were waded and visu- work for fishes . Notes were made on liv e ally (if possible) and physically searched fo r freshwater mussels and shell material encoun- live freshwater mussels and dead shell mate- tered, although no formal surveys were com- rial . At locations where visibility was limited, pleted.

FISHER—MUSSELS OF THE WABASH RIVER 10 5

Table 1 .—Current status of freshwater mussel s Table 1 .—Continued . (Order Unionoida) in the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. Scientific and common names follow Tur- Species Statu s geon et al . (1998) . L = reproducing populations of species still found in mainstem Wabash River an d costata (flutedshell) L its tributaries ; XT = reproducing populations o f fragilis (fragile papershell) L species historically found in mainstem Wabash Riv - (scaleshell) X er but now restricted to its tributaries ; T = repro- recta (black sandshell) L ducing populations of species always restricted to Ligumia subrostrata (pondmussel) T Wabash River tributaries ; X = species extirpated nervosa (washboard) XT from entire Wabash River drainage . (threehorn wartyback) L olivaria (hickorynut) L (ring pink) Species Statu s X (round hickorynut) XT Family cicatricosus (white warty- Cumberlandia monodonta (spectaclecase) X back) X (orangefoot Family pimpleback) X ligamentina (mucket) L (sheepnose) XT marginata () L clava (clubshell) XT (slippershell mussel) T ( pigtoe) XT plicata (threeridge) L (rough pigtoe) X suborbiculata (flat floater) T (pyramid pigtoe) X Andontoides ferussacianus (cylindrical (round pigtoe) L papershell) T alatus (pink heelsplitter) L Arcidens confragosus (rock pocketbook) X T (fat pocketbook) L Cyclonaias tuberculata (purple warty - (pink papershell) L back) L fasciolaris (kidneyshell) XT stegaria () XT grandis (giant floater) L (butterfly) XT cylindrica cylindrica (rabbits - crassidens (elephantear) XT foot) XT Elliptio dilatata (spike) XT Quadrula fragosa () X flexuosa (leafshell) X Quadrula metanevra (monkeyface) L perobliqua (white Quadrula nodulata (wartyback) L catspaw) X Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa (pimple- (round combshell) X back) L ( rif- (mapleleaf) L fleshell) X Simpsonaias ambigua (salamander mus- (Wabash riffle - sel) XT shell) X undulatus (creeper) L rangiana (northern lividus (purple lilliput) XT riffleshell) X Toxolasma parvus (lilliput) T Epioblasma torulosa torulosa (tubercled Toxolasma texasiensis (Texas lilliput) T blossom) X Tritogonia verrucosa (pistolgrip) L (snuffbox) XT donaciformis (fawnsfoot) L ebena (ebonyshell) XT (deertoe) L (Wabash pigtoe) L tetralasmus (pondhorn) T (longsolid) X imbecillis (paper pondshell) L Hemistena lata () X fabalis (rayed bean) XT abrupta (pink mucket) X (rainbow) XT (plain pocketbook) L Villosa lienosa (little spectaclecase) T (wavyrayed lampmus- sel) L (pocketbook) L (fatmucket) L RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (yellow sandshell) L Lasmigona complanata (white heelsplit- For the purpose of this paper, freshwater ter) L mussel species are considered extirpated i f (creek heelsplitter) T they no longer maintain a reproducing popu- lation . It is possible remnant live individuals

106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENC E

Table 2 .-Summary of status for freshwater mus- entire drainage, in a variety of stream sizes . sels in the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. These species include: threeridge (), Wabash pigtoe (Fusconaia "lava) , Numbe r plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium), fat- of mucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea), white heel- Status specie s splitter (Lasmigona complanata), giant floater Reproducting populations still found in (), and paper pondshel l the mainstem Wabash River and it s () . Although commo n tributaries 30 throughout the drainage, these species tend t o Reproducing populations historically be less common in the tributaries and main - found in the mainstem Wabash River but now restricted to its tributaries 1 8 stem of the extreme lowest section of the Wa- Reproducing populations always restrict - bash River. ed to Wabash River tributaries 9 Several species are primarily restricted t o Extirpated from the entire Wabash Rive r the mainstem Wabash River and the lower drainage 1 8 parts of its largest tributaries . These specie s Total species : 75 include : yellow sandshell (Lampsilis teres) , fragile papershell (), three- horn wartyback (Obliquaria reflexa), hicko- of some of the species considered extirpate d rynut (), pink heelsplitter may still be found . However, because their (), pink papershell (Potamilus populations have reached levels that no longer ohiensis), monkeyface (Quadrula metanevra), support reproduction, they are deemed func- pimpleback (Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa), tionally extirpated. Viable populations refer mapleleaf (Quadrula quadrula), pistolgri p only to those aggregations of freshwater mus- (Tritogonia verrucosa), fawnsfoot (Truncilla sels that are reproducing, as evidenced by the donaciformis), and deertoe (Truncilla trunca- presence of live, young individuals . ta) . These species are also the most commo n Of the 75 species of freshwater mussels his- inhabitants of the tributaries of the lower Wa- torically known from the Wabash River drain- bash River, where most of the other live spe- age of Indiana, 30 still maintain population s cies are not found . in both the mainstem Wabash River and its Some species are restricted to the tributarie s tributaries, 18 are extirpated from the main- and mainstem of the upper Wabash River an d stem, but maintain populations in some por- the upper watersheds of its other larger trib- tion of the drainage, and 18 are now extirpated utaries (East Fork and West Fork White riv- from the entire drainage (Tables 1, 2) . Th e ers) . These species include : mucket (Actinon- nine remaining species are small-stream spe- aias ligamentina), elktoe (Alasmidonta cies or species of unique and probabl y marginata), wavyrayed lampmussel (Lampsi- never had populations in the mainstem Wa- lis fasciola), flutedshell () , bash River; they maintain populations in trib- round pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia), an d utaries of the Wabash River drainage withi n creeper () . Indiana . Black sandshell () is restrict- In describing the distribution of some of the ed to the lower sections of the larger tributar- freshwater mussel species i[n the followin g ies and mainstem of the upper Wabash River. discussion, the `upper Wabash River is used Purple wartyback (Cyclonaias tuberculata) to describe the area upstream from where Sug- and pocketbook (Lampsilis ovata) have simi- ar Creek enters the Wabash River in Parke an d lar distributions but are also found in the low- Vermillion counties . The `lower Wabash Riv- er mainstem East Fork White River . er refers to the area downstream from Suga r Fat pocketbook (Potamilus capax) and war- Creek to its confluence with the . tyback (Quadrula nodulata) have the most re- Live species of mainstem Wabash Rive r stricted ranges of these live species . Both are and its tributaries.—Thirty species of fresh- concentrated in the extreme lower section o f water mussels still maintain populations i n the mainstem Wabash River. They do ascend both the mainstem Wabash River and its trib- some tributaries of the lower mainstem ; how- utaries (Table 1) . The most widely distribute d ever, their reproductive success in these areas of these species can be found throughout the is somewhat questionable .

FISHER—MUSSELS OF THE WABASH RIVER 107

Live tributary species extirpated from from the lower Tippecanoe River where pop- mainstem Wabash River.—Eighteen fresh- ulations of these species remain . water mussel species that once maintaine d Tributary species.—Nine species are populations throughout the Wabash Rive r found live in tributaries of the Wabash Rive r drainage are now restricted to populations tha t drainage (Table 1) and likely never maintaine d are viable only in the tributaries (Table 1) . For populations in the mainstem Wabash River in many of these species, live individuals can b e Indiana. These species include : slippershel l found in the mainstem Wabash River ; how- mussel (Alasmidonta viridis), flat floater (An- ever, they no longer constitute reproducing odonta suborbiculata), cylindrical papershel l populations . ( ferussacianus), creek heelsplit- Many species that are now restricted to th e ter (Lasmigona compressa), pondmussel (Lig- tributaries of the Wabash River have been umia subrostrata), lilliput (Toxolasma par- gone from the mainstem for a long time . vus), Texas lilliput (Toxolasma texasiensis), These species include : butterfly (Ellipsaria li- pondhorn (), and little neolata), spike (Elliptio dilatata), snuffbox spectaclecase (Villosa lienosa) . Shell material (Epioblasma triquetra), round hickorynut of these species is occasionally found in th e (Obovaria subrotunda), clubshell (Pleurobe- mainstem Wabash River, likely washing i n ma clava), Ohio pigtoe (Pleurobema corda- from tributaries . turn), (Simpsonaias ambi- Slippershell mussel, cylindrical papershell , gua), purple lilliput (Toxolasma lividus) , creek heelsplitter, and lilliput are small-stream rayed bean (), and rainbow (Vil- species found in the smaller watershed s losa iris). Many of these species are now rare throughout the Wabash River drainage (except the southwest portion) in the tributaries, and most have incurred a . These species are like- substantial reduction in their historic distri- ly found live in the very upper mainstem Wa- bution. bash River in Ohio . Flat floater, pondhorn and Texas lilliput are Live individuals of the following specie s primarily restricted to the southwest portion o can occasionally be found in the mainstem f the Wabash River drainage, where they inhab- Wabash River ; however, all are functionally it the ditches, oxbows, and other similar hab- extirpated and restricted to the tributaries: itats of the region . Pondmussel can be found rock pocketbook (Arcidens confragosus), fan- in this portion of the drainage as well but i s shell (Cyprogenia stegaria), elephantear (El- also an inhabitant of the natural lakes of the liptio crassidens), ebonyshell (Fusconaia upper Wabash River drainage. ebena), washboard () , Little spectaclecase is a small- to medium - sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus), kidneyshell sized stream species . It has a rather sporadi c (Ptychobranchus fasciolaris), and distribution within the Wabash River drainage . (Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica) . It inhabits tributaries of the middle Wabash , Of these species, rock pocketbook, elephant - East Fork White, and West Fork White rivers . ear, ebonyshell, and washboard are the mos t Extirpated species .—Eighteen freshwate r likely to be collected live . Though these spe- mussel species are now considered extirpated cies may still maintain small, isolated, repro- from the entire Wabash River drainage (Table ducing populations somewhere in the main - 1). All 18 species are also extirpated from th e stem Wabash River, their continued presenc e entire state of Indiana . These species include : is uncertain at best . We are considering them spectaclecase (Cumberlandia monodonta) , extirpated until further collections are mad e leafshell (), white cats- that can repudiate this claim. paw (Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) , Fanshell, sheepnose, kidneyshell, and rab- round combshell (Epioblasma personata) , bitsfoot are much rarer in the mainstem Wa- Tennessee riffleshell (Epioblasma propinqua) , bash River than the previously mentioned spe- Wabash riffleshell (Epioblasma sampsonii) , cies . All have been found sporadically in the (Epioblasma torulosa ran- mainstem in recent years (Cummings et al . giana), tubercled blossom (Epioblasma toru- 1992; Ball Schoenung 1996 ; EnviroScienc e losa torulosa), longsolid (Fusconaia subro- 2006) . Occasional live individuals of these tunda), cracking pearlymussel (Hemistena species could be entering the Wabash River lata), pink mucket (), scale-

108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

shell (Leptodea leptodon), ring pink (Obov- edge of Indiana Mollusca . Proceedings of the In- aria retusa), white wartyback (Plethobasus diana Academy of Science 11 :135–146 . cicatricosus), orangefoot pirnpleback (Pletho- Call, R .E. 1897. The hydrographic basins of Indi- ana and their molluscan fauna . Proceedings of basus cooperianus), rough pigtoe (Pleurobe- the Academy of Science 12 :247–257 . ma plenum), pyramid pigtoe (Pleurobema Call, R.E. 1900. A descriptive illustrated catalogu e rubrum), and winged mapleleaf (Quadrul a of the Mollusca of Indiana . 24th Annual report o f fragosa) . Most of these species have been los t the Indiana Department of Geology and Natura l from the fauna for many years, and severa l Resources 24 :335–535+ . are even extinct . Clark, C .F. 1976. The freshwater naiads of the low - A single live rough pigtoe was collected er end of the Wabash River, Mt. Carmel, Illinoi s from the East Fork White River in 1992 (Bal l to the south . Sterkiana 61 :1–14 . Schoenung 1996) . A single live longsoli d Clarke, A .H., P. Hovingh J .J . Clarke . 1999. A was collected from Sugar Creek in 199 1 freshwater mussel inventory of four tributar y (Lewis 1991) . These represent the last know n watersheds of the East Fork White River, Hoosie r National Forest, Indiana, with notes on othe r live collections of either species from Indian a freshwater mollusks and on amphibians an d waters . If these species are live in the Wabash leeches . Final Report to the United States De- River drainage they are extremely rare and ar e partment of Agriculture, U .S . Forest Service, no longer reproducing . Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Range r Federally- .—Three District . Bedford, Indiana. 33+ pp. federally-endangered freshwater mussel spe- Commonwealth Biomonitoring . 2005. Bioassess- cies maintain populations in the Wabash Rive r ment in the Tippecanoe River watershed 2003 drainage of Indiana . Clubshell is foun d and 2004 . Final Report to the Nature Conservan - throughout the Tippecanoe River in the uppe r cy—Indiana Chapter. 14+ pp . Wabash River drainage. Fanshell is found in Cummings, K .S . J .M.K. Berlocher. 1990. The the lower Tippecanoe River (below Lak e naiades or freshwater mussels (: Union- idae) of the Tippecanoe River, Indiana . Malaco- Freeman) and the lower East Fork White Riv- logical Review 23 :83–98 . er. The fat pocketbook survives in the extreme Cummings, K .S. C.A. Mayer. 1997. Distribu- lowest section of the mainstem Wabash River , tional checklist and status of freshwate r where it is one of the most common live fresh- mussels (Mollusca : Unionacea) . Pp . 129–145, In water mussels found . Conservation and management of freshwater mussels II : Initiatives for the future . (K .S. Cum- ACKNOWLEDGMENT S mings, A .C. Buchanan, C .A . Mayer T.J . Nai- Mussel collections by the Wildlife Diver- mo, eds.). Proceedings of a UMRCC symposium , sity Section, IDNR, were funded through 16–18 October 1995, St . Louis, Missouri . Upper Conservation Committee, State Wildlife Grant T-3 . Sampling was aide d Rock Island, Illinois . by a series of dedicated naturalist aides, in- Cummings, K .S., C .A . Mayer L.M . Page . 1992. cluding Ted V. Briggs, Kathy M . Eddy, Kevi n Survey of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca : L. Rowe, Amelia R . Barnett, Kara L . Bieker, Unionidae) of the Wabash River drainage . Final Melissa R . Jones, and Sarah A . Bales . Report . Final Report to the Nongame and En- dangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish LITERATURE CITE D Wildlife, IDNR . Indianapolis . 201 pp . Ball, R.L. B .M. Schoenung. 1996. Status of Daniels, L.E. 1903. A check list of Indiana Mol- mussel populations in the primary harvest areas . lusca, with localities . 27th Annual Report of the 1995 final report. Division of Fish and Wildlife , Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Re - Indiana Department of Natural Resources . Indi - sources . 27 :629–652 . anapolis. 72 pp . Daniels, L.E. 1915. A supplemental check list of Blatchley, W.S . L.E. Daniels . 1903 . On some Indiana Mollusca, with localities and notes . 39th Mollusca known to occur in Indiana . A supple- Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Ge- mentary paper to Calls catalogue . 26r Annual ology and Natural Resources 39 :318–326 . Report of the Indiana Department of Geolog y Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1993. Mussel and Natural Resources 26:577–628 . suitability and impact analysis of the Tippecanoe Call, R .E. 1894. A contribution to a knowledge of River. Final Report to the Nongame and Endan- Indiana Mollusca . Proceedings of the Indian a gered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish Academy of Science 9 :140–156 . Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis . 102+ pp . Call, R .E. 1896. Second contribution to a knowl - Ecological Specialists, Inc . 1995. Draft report : a

FISHER MUSSELS OF THE WABASH RIVER 10 9

unionid status and distributional survey in th e mussels of the Wabash and White Rivers of In- Salamonie and Mississinewa rivers . Final Repor t diana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy o f to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Pro - Science 79 :205-226 . gram, Division of Fish Wildlife, IDNR . Indi- Lewis, R .B. 1991. Freshwater mussel (Mollusca : anapolis . 44 pp . Unionidae) survey of Sugar Creek in Parke , Ecological Specialists, Inc . 1998. Unionid surve y Montgomery, Boone, and Clinton counties of In- upstream and downstream of 16 point sources i n diana. Final Report to the Nongame and Endan- the Tippecanoe River. Final Report to the U.S. gered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington Fiel d Wildlife, IDNR . Indianapolis . 22+ pp . Office . 90 pp . Meyer, E .R. 1968. The distribution and abundanc e Ecological Specialists, Inc . 2001 . Unionid musse l of freshwater mussels of the family e survey of the Patoka River, Indiana . Final Report (Pelecypoda) of the Wabash, White, and Eas t to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patoka Fork of the White rivers of Indiana. Final Report River National Wildlife Refuge . 22+ pp. to the Division of Fish and Game, Indiana De- EnviroScience, Inc. 2006. Unionid Survey of th e partment of Natural Resources . Indianapolis . 68 East Fork White River, Tippecanoe River, an d PP . Wabash River. Final Report to the Division of Myers-Kinzie, M .L., S .F. Wente A . Spacie. 2001 . Fish and Wildlife, Indiana Department of Natural Occurrence and distribution of freshwater mus- Resources . Indianapolis . 60+ pp. sels in small streams of Tippecanoe County, In- Frankland, L. 1996. Survey of the freshwater mus- diana . Proceedings of the Indiana Academy o f sel population of the mainstem of the Wabash Science 110 :141-150 . River. Boundary River Program, Illinois Depart- Page, L .M ., K .S. Cummings, C .A. Mayer, S .L. Pos t ment of Conservation. Springfield, Illinois . 8 + M.E. Retzer. 1992. Biologically significant Il- PP . linois streams . An evaluation of the streams of Goodrich, C . H . van der Schalie . 1944. A re- Illinois based on aquatic biodiversity . Final Re - vision of the Mollusca of Indiana . The America n port to the Illinois Department of Conservatio n Midland Naturalist 32 :257-326 . and Illinois Department of Energy and Natura l Harmon, J .L. 1998 . Finalization of freshwater Resources . Springfield, Illinois . 485 pp . mussel (Bivalvia : Unionidae) survey of Indiana s Stein, F. 1881. Synopsis of the molluscous faun a East Fork White River drainage . Final Report t o of Indiana . Second Annual Report of the De- the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program , partment of Statistics and Geology for the Year Division of Fish Wildlife, IDNR . Indianapolis . 1880 . 2:451-467 . 167 pp . Strayer, D .L. D.R. Smith. 2003. A Guide to Henschen, M .T. 1987. The freshwater mussels Sampling Freshwater Mussel Populations . Amer- (Unionidae) of the Eel River of northern Indiana . ican Fisheries Society Monograph 8 . American Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Fisheries Society . Bethesda, Maryland. 103 pp . Wildlife Program, Division of Fish Wildlife , Szafoni, R .E., K .S. Cummings C .A . Mayer. IDNR . Indianapolis . 73 pp . 2000 . Freshwater mussels (Mollusca : Unionidae) Henschen, M .T. 1990. The freshwater mussels o f of the Middle Branch, North Fork Vermilio n the Middle Fork Wildcat Creek Indiana . Final River, Illinois/Indiana . Transactions of the Illi- Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlif e nois State Academy of Science 93(3) :229-237 . Program, Division of Fish Wildlife, IDNR. In- Tiemann, J.S . 2005. Freshwater mussel (Bivalvia : dianapolis . 16 pp . Unionidae) survey of the Brouilletts Creek basi n Henschen, M .T. 1993 . The freshwater mussels in Illinois and Indiana . Proceedings of the Indi- (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Fall Creek, Indianapo- ana Academy of Science 114(1) :33-42 . lis, Indiana from Geist Reservoir to 46 th Street . Turgeon, D .D., J.E Quinn, Jr., A .E. Bogan, E .V. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M . Mikkel- Wildlife Program, Division of Fish Wildlife , sen, R .J . Neves, C .EE. Roper, G . Rosenberg, B . IDNR . Indianapolis . 11 pp. Roth, A. Scheltema, EG . Thompson, M. Vecchi- Henschen, M.T. 1995 . Addendum to : The fresh- one J .D. Williams. 1998. Common and Sci- water mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Fall entific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana from Geist Reser- United States and Canada : Mollusks, 2°a edition. voir to 46 th Street . Final Report to the Nongam e American Fisheries Society, Special Publicatio n and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of 26 . Bethesda, Maryland . 359 pp . Fish Wildlife, IDNR . Indianapolis . 3 pp. Krumholz, L.A., R .L. Bingham E .R. Meyer. Manuscript received 7 September 2006, revised 1 8 1970 . A survey of the commercially valuable October 2006.