2006. Proceedings of the Academy of Science 1 15(2): 103- 109

CURRENT STATUS OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (ORDER UNIONOIDA) IN THE DRAINAGE OF INDIANA

Brant E. Fisher: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Atterbury Fish & Wildlife Area, 7970 South Rowe Street, P.O. Box 3000, Edinburgh, Indiana 46124 USA

ABSTRACT. Seventy-five of freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) have historically inhabited the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. Nine of these species have always been restricted to Wabash River tributaries and never maintained reproducing populations in the mainstem Wabash River. Of the 66 re- maining species, 18 are currently considered extirpated from the entire drainage and 18 maintain repro- ducing populations only in Wabash River tributaries. Currently, 30 species maintain reproducing popula- tions in the mainstem Wabash River, which represents a 55% reduction in its freshwater mussel fauna. To date, the entire Wabash River drainage of Indiana has seen a 24% reduction in its freshwater mussel fauna.

Keywords: Freshwater mussels, Wabash River

The freshwater mussel (Order Unionoida) mussels in the Wabash River drainage of Il- fauna of the Wabash River drainage has been linois. well documented historically. Stein (1881) at- Many of the larger tributaries of the Wa- tempted the first complete list of the 'mollus- bash River have also had recent survey work cous fauna of Indiana,' and referenced many completed (from upstream to downstream): species as inhabiting the Wabash River and its Salamonie River (Ecological Specialists. Inc. tributaries. Call (1894, 1896, 1897, 1900), 1995), (Ecological Spe- cialists, Inc. River (upper Blatchley & Daniels (1903), Daniels (1903, 1995), Eel Wabash River) (Henschen 1987). Tippecanoe River 1915), and Goodrich & van der Schalie (1944) (Cummings Berlocher 1990: Cummings et continued to add to the knowledge of Indi- & al. 1992; Ecological Specialists. Inc. 1993, ana's fauna and provided invaluable 1998; Ball & Schoenung 1996: Common- information on those species found in the Wa- wealth Biomonitoring 2005: EnviroScience bash River drainage. 2006), Middle Fork Wildcat (Henschen 1990). Three important Wabash River studies were small streams of Tippecanoe Count) (Mvers- completed during the 1960s and 1970s. Meyer Kinzie et al. 2001). Jordan Creek (Szafoni et (1968) and Krumholz et al. (1970) studied the al. 2000), Sugar Creek (middle Wabash River commercially valuable species of the Wabash tributary) (Lewis 1991). Brouilletts Creek and White rivers. Clark (1976) inventoried (Tiemann 2005). East Fork White River drain- mussels from the lower Wabash River. age (Cummings et al. 1992: Ball & Schoen- Between 1987 and 1991, Cummings et al. ung 1996; Harmon 1998: Clarke et al. L999; (1992) sampled 100 sites in the Wabash River EnviroScience 2006). West Fork White River drainage, including 53 sites on the mainstem drainage (Cummings et al. 1992; Henschen Wabash River. Several of the lower Wabash 1993. 1995; L. Bow ley. Muncie Bureau of River sites sampled by Cummings et al. Water Quality pers. comm.). and Patoka River (1992) were re-sampled in 1996 by Frankland (Ecological Specialists. Inc. 2001). Figure 1 (1996). Ball & Schoenung (1996) and illustrates the recent collections cited here. EnviroScience intensively L (2006) sampled which include samples from l )S~"-2004. freshwater mussels at several locations in the In addition to this information, the Wildlife upper mainstem Wabash River. Page et al. Diversity Section. Division of Fish and Wild-

(1992) and Cummings & Mayer (1997) pro- life. Indiana Department of Natural Resourc- vide information on the status of freshwater es, collected freshwater mussel information

1 03 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

. 2. Figure 1 —Freshwater mussel sample locations Figure —Freshwater mussel sample locations reported from cited literature for the Wabash River reported from cited literature and collected by the drainage, Indiana (1987-2004). Wildlife Diversity Section, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, for the Wabash River drainage, Indiana (1987-2006). from nearly 900 sites within the Wabash River drainage between 1995-2006 (Fig. 2). This in- formation, along with the previously cited sur- veys, was used to determine the current status the stream bottom was searched with hands or of freshwater mussel species within the Wa- shoed-feet. bash River drainage of Indiana. Live freshwater mussels were identified on- METHODS site and returned; representative dead shell material was retained from most locations. Several different collecting methods were Species lists indicating the best condition of used in the previously cited surveys; the in- shell material (live, fresh dead, weathered dividual reports should be reviewed to deter- dead, or subfossil) encountered were prepared mine the specific methods used by those re- for all sampled locations. All shell material searchers. retained from our sampling efforts is currently An informal sampling design (Strayer & vouchered at the Atterbury Fish and Wildlife Smith 2003) was utilized for most of our sur- Area, Edinburgh, Indiana. veys within the Wabash River drainage. Sam- specific pling locations were chosen to provide infor- Besides the freshwater mussel sam- mation from watersheds where few or no pling described, additional information was previous freshwater mussel surveys had been obtained incidentally while completing survey completed. Locations were waded and visu- work for fishes. Notes were made on live ally (if possible) and physically searched for freshwater mussels and shell material encoun- live freshwater mussels and dead shell mate- tered, although no formal surveys were com- rial. At locations where visibility was limited. pleted. FISHER—MUSSELS OF THE WABASH RIVER 105

. 1. Table 1 —Current status of freshwater mussels Table —Continued. (Order Unionoida) in the Wabash River drainage of

Indiana. Scientific and common names follow Tur- Species Statu 1 geon et al. (1998). L = reproducing populations of Lasmigona costata (flutedshellj I. species still found in mainstem Wabash River and Leptodea fragilis (fragile papershell) L its tributaries; XT = reproducing populations of Leptodea leptodon (scaleshell) X species historically found in mainstem Wabash Riv- Ligumia recta (black sandshell) L er but now restricted to its tributaries; T = repro- Ligumia subrostrata (pondmussel) T ducing populations of species always restricted to Megalonaias nervosa (washboard) XT Wabash River tributaries; X = species extirpated Obliquaria reflexa (threehorn warty back) L from entire Wabash River drainage. olivaria (hickorynut) L Obovaria retusa (ring pink) X Species Status Obovaria subrotunda (round hickorynut) XT Family Margaritiferidae cicatricosus (white warty- Cumberlandia monodonta (spectaclecase) X back) X Plethobasus cooperianus (orangefoot Family pimpleback) X Actinonaias ligamentina (mucket) L Plethobasus cyphyus (sheepnose) XT Alasmidonta marginata (elktoe) L Pleurobema clava (clubshell) XT Alasmidonta viridis (slippershell mussel) T Pleurobema cordatum ( pigtoe) XT Amblema plicata (threeridge) L Pleurobema plenum (rough pigtoe) X Anodonta suborbiculata (flat floater) T Pleurobema rubrum (pyramid pigtoe) X Andontoides ferussacianus (cylindrical Pleurobema sintoxia (round pigtoe) L papershell) T Potamilus alatus (pink heelsplitter) L Arcidens confragosus (rock pocketbook) XT Potamilus capax (fat pocketbook) L Cyclonaias tuberculata (purple warty- Potamilus ohiensis (pink papershell) L back) L Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (kidneyshell) XT Cyprogenia stegaria (fanshell) XT Pyganodon grandis (giant floater) L Ellipsaria lineolata (butterfly) XT Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica (rabbits- Elliptic* crassidens (elephantear) XT foot) XT Elliptic) dilatata (spike) XT Quadrula fragosa (winged mapleleaf) X flexuosa (leafshell) X Quadrula metanevra (monkeyface) L Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua (white Quadrula nodulata (wartyback) L catspaw) X Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa (pimple- Epioblasma personata (round combshell) X back) L rif- Epioblasma propinqua ( Quadrula quadrula (mapleleaf) I. fleshell) X Simpsonaias ambigua (salamander mus- Epioblasma sampsonii (Wabash riffle- sel) XT shell) X Strophitus undulatus (creeper) L Epioblasma torulosa rangiana (northern Toxolasma lividus (purple lilliput) XT riffleshell) X Toxolasma parvus (lilliput) T Epioblasma torulosa torulosa (tubercled Toxolasma texasiensis (Texas lilliput) T blossom) X Tritogonia verrucosa (pistolgrip) L Epioblasma triquetra (snuffbox) XT Truncilla donaciformis (fawnsfoot) L Fusconaia ebena (ebonyshell) XT Truncilla truncata (deertoe) 1 Fusconaia flava (Wabash pigtoe) L Uniomcrus tetralasmus (pondhorn) T Fusconaia subrotunda (longsolid) X Utterbackia imbecillis (paper pondshell) 1 Hemistena lata (cracking pearlymussel) X Villosa fabalis (rayed bean) XT LampsHis abrupta (pink mucket) X Villosa iris (rainbow) XT Lampsilis cardium (plain pocketbook) L Villosa lienosa (little spectaclecase) T Lampsilis fasciola (wavyrayed lampmus- sel) L Lampsilis ovata (pocketbook) L Lampsilis siliquoidea (fatmucket) L RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Lampsilis teres (yellow sandshell) L For the purpose o( this paper, Lasmigona complanata (white heelsplit- freshwater ter) L mussel species are considered extirpated if Lasmigona compressa (creek heelsplitter) T they no longer maintain a reproducing popu-

lation. It is possible remnant live individuals 8

106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Table 2. —Summary of status for freshwater mus- entire drainage, in a variety of stream sizes. sels in the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. These species include: threeridge {Amblema plicata), Wabash pigtoe (Fusconaia flava), Number plain pocketbook {Lampsilis cardium), fat- of mucket {Lampsilis siliquoidea), white heel- Status speeies splitter {Lasmigona complanata), giant floater Reproducing populations still found in {Pyganodon grandis), and paper pondshell the mainstem Wabash River and its {Utterbackia imbecillis). Although common tributaries 30 throughout the drainage, these species tend to Reproducing populations historically be less common in the tributaries and main- found in the mainstem Wabash River stem of the extreme lowest section of the Wa- but now restricted to its tributaries 1 bash River. Reproducing populations always restrict- Several species are primarily restricted to ed to Wabash River tributaries 9 Extirpated from the entire Wabash River the mainstem Wabash River and the lower

drainage 1 parts of its largest tributaries. These species

Total species: 75 include: yellow sandshell (Lampsilis teres), fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis), three- horn wartyback (Obliquaria reflexa), hicko- of some of the species considered extirpated rynut (Obovaria olivaria), pink heelsplitter

may still be found. However, because their (Potamilus alatus), pink papershell (Potamilus populations have reached levels that no longer ohiensis), monkeyface (Quadrula metanevra), support reproduction, they are deemed func- pimpleback (Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa), tionally extirpated. Viable populations refer mapleleaf (Quadrula quadrula), pistolgrip only to those aggregations of freshwater mus- (Tritogonia verrucosa), fawnsfoot (Truncilla sels that are reproducing, as evidenced by the donaciformis), and deertoe (Truncilla trunca- presence of live, young individuals. ta). These species are also the most common Of the 75 species of freshwater mussels his- inhabitants of the tributaries of the lower Wa- torically known from the Wabash River drain- bash River, where most of the other live spe-

age of Indiana, 30 still maintain populations cies are not found.

in both the mainstem Wabash River and its Some species are restricted to the tributaries tributaries, 18 are extirpated from the main- and mainstem of the upper Wabash River and

stem, but maintain populations in some por- the upper watersheds of its other larger trib- tion of the drainage, and 18 are now extirpated utaries (East Fork and West Fork White riv-

from the entire drainage (Tables 1, 2). The ers). These species include: mucket (Actinon- nine remaining species are small-stream spe- aias ligamentina), elktoe (Alasmidonta cies or species of unique and probably marginata), wavyrayed lampmussel (Lampsi- never had populations in the mainstem Wa- lis fasciola), flutedshell (Lasmigona costata), bash River; they maintain populations in trib- round pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia), and utaries of the Wabash River drainage within creeper (Strophitus undulatus).

Indiana. Black sandshell (Ligumia recta) is restrict- In describing the distribution of some of the ed to the lower sections of the larger tributar- freshwater mussel species in the following ies and mainstem of the upper Wabash River. discussion, the 'upper Wabash River' is used Purple wartyback (Cyclonaias tuberculata) to describe the area upstream from where Sug- and pocketbook (Lampsilis ovata) have simi- ar Creek enters the Wabash River in Parke and lar distributions but are also found in the low- Vermillion counties. The "lower Wabash Riv- er mainstem East Fork White River. er' refers to the area downstream from Sugar Fat pocketbook (Potamilus capax) and war- Creek to its confluence with the . tyback (Quadrula nodulata) have the most re- Live species of mainstem Wabash River stricted ranges of these live species. Both are and its tributaries.—Thirty species of fresh- concentrated in the extreme lower section of water mussels still maintain populations in the mainstem Wabash River. They do ascend both the mainstem Wabash River and its trib- some tributaries of the lower mainstem; how- utaries (Table 1). The most widely distributed ever, their reproductive success in these areas of these species can be found throughout the is somewhat questionable. FISHER—MUSSELS OF THE WABASH RIVER 107

Live tributary species extirpated from from the lower Tippecanoe River where pop- mainstem Wabash River.—Eighteen fresh- ulations of these species remain. water mussel species that once maintained Tributary species. — Nine species are populations throughout the Wabash River found live in tributaries of the Wabash River drainage are now restricted to populations that drainage (Table 1) and likely never maintained are viable only in the tributaries (Table 1). For populations in the mainstem Wabash River in many of these species, live individuals can be Indiana. These species include: slippershell found in the mainstem Wabash River; how- mussel (Alasmidonta viridis), flat floater (An- ever, they no longer constitute reproducing odonta suborbiculata), cylindrical papershell populations. (Anodontoides ferussacianus), creek heelsplit- Many species that are now restricted to the ter (Lasmigona compressa), pondmussel {Lig- tributaries of the Wabash River have been umia subrostrata), lilliput (Toxolasma par- gone from the mainstem for a long time. vus), Texas lilliput (Toxolasma texasiensis). pondhorn (Uniomerus tetralasmus). and little These species include: butterfly (Ellipsaria li- neolata), spike {Elliptio dilatata), snuffbox spectaclecase (Villosa lienosa). Shell material {Epioblasma triquetra), round hickorynut of these species is occasionally found in the {Obovaria subrotunda), clubshell (Pleurobe- mainstem Wabash River, likely washing in from tributaries. ma clava), Ohio pigtoe (Pleurobema corda- Slippershell mussel, cylindrical papershell. tum), salamander mussel (Simpsonaias ambi- creek heelsplitter, and lilliput are small-stream gua), purple lilliput (Toxolasma lividus), species found in the smaller watersheds rayed bean (Villosa fabalis), and rainbow (Vil- throughout the Wabash River drainage (except losa iris). Many of these species are now rare the southwest portion). These species are like- in the tributaries, and most have incurred a ly found live in the very upper mainstem Wa- substantial reduction in their historic distri- bash River in Ohio. bution. Flat floater, pondhorn and Texas lilliput are Live individuals of the following species primarily restricted to the southwest portion of can occasionally be found in the mainstem the Wabash River drainage, where they inhab- Wabash River; however, all are functionally it the ditches, oxbows, and other similar hab- extirpated and restricted to the tributaries: itats of the region. Pondmussel can be found rock pocketbook {Arcidens confragosus), fan- in this portion of the drainage as well but is shell (Cyprogenia stegaria), elephantear (El- also an inhabitant of the natural lakes o\ the liptio crassidens), ebonyshell (Fusconaia upper Wabash River drainage. ebena), washboard (Megalonaias nervosa), Little spectaclecase is a small- to medium- sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus), kidneyshell sized stream species. It has a rather sporadic {Ptychobranchus fasciolaris), and rabbitsfoot distribution within the Wabash River drainage. (Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica). It inhabits tributaries of the middle Wabash. Of these species, rock pocketbook, elephant- East Fork White, and West Fork White rivers. ear, ebonyshell, and washboard are the most Extirpated species.—Eighteen freshw ater likely to be collected live. these spe- Though mussel species are now considered extirpated cies still maintain small, isolated, repro- may from the entire Wabash River drainage (Table ducing populations somewhere in the main- 1). All 18 species are also extirpated from the stem Wabash River, their continued presence entire state of Indiana. These species include: is uncertain at best. We are considering them spectaclecase (Cumberlandia monodontd), extirpated until further collections are made leafshell (Epioblasma flexitosa), white cats- that can repudiate this claim. paw (Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua), Fanshell, sheepnose, kidneyshell, and rab- round combshell {Epioblasma personata), bitsfoot are much rarer in the mainstem Wa- Tennessee riffle-shell (Epioblasma propinqua\ bash River than the previously mentioned spe- Wabash riffleshell {Epioblasma sampsonii), cies. All have been found sporadically in the northern riffleshell {Epioblasma torulosa ran- mainstem in recent years (Cummings et al. giana). tubercled blossom [Epioblasma toru- 1992; Ball & Schoenung 1996; EnviroScience losa torulosa). longsolid [Fusconaia subro- 2006). Occasional live individuals of these tunda), cracking pearl) mussel {Hemistena species could be entering the Wabash River lata), pink mucket {Lampsilis abrupta), scale- 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

shell (Leptodea leptodori), ring pink (Obov- edge of Indiana Mollusca. Proceedings of the In- aria retusa), white wartyback (Plethobasus diana Academy of Science 1 1:135-146. hydrographic basins of Indi- cicatricosus), orangefoot pimpleback {Pletho- Call, R.E. 1897. The ana and their molluscan fauna. Proceedings of bcisus cooperianus), rough pigtoe (Pleurobe- the Academy of Science 12:247-257. ma plenum), pyramid pigtoe {Pleurobema Call, R.E. 1900. A descriptive illustrated catalogue rubrum), and winged mapleleaf (Quadriila of the Mollusca of Indiana. 24 lh Annual report of these lost fragosa). Most of species have been the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural from the fauna for many years, and several Resources 24:335-535 + . are even extinct. Clark, C.E 1976. The freshwater naiads of the low- A single live rough pigtoe was collected er end of the Wabash River, Mt. Carmel, from the East Fork White River in 1992 (Ball to the south. Sterkiana 61:1-14. & Schoenung 1996). A single live longsolid Clarke, A.H., P. Hovingh & J.J. Clarke. 1999. A freshwater mussel inventory of four tributary was collected from Sugar Creek in 1991 watersheds of the East Fork White River, Hoosier (Lewis 1991). These represent the last known National Forest, Indiana, with notes on other live collections of either species from Indiana freshwater mollusks and on amphibians and waters. If these species are live in the Wabash leeches. Final Report to the United States De- are River drainage they are extremely rare and partment of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, no longer reproducing. Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Ranger Federally -.—Three District. Bedford, Indiana. 33+ pp. federally-endangered freshwater mussel spe- Commonwealth Biomonitoring. 2005. Bioassess- cies maintain populations in the Wabash River ment in the Tippecanoe River watershed 2003 drainage of Indiana. Clubshell is found and 2004. Final Report to the Nature Conservan- throughout the Tippecanoe River in the upper cy—Indiana Chapter. 14+ pp. Cummings, K.S. & J.M.K. Berlocher. 1990. The Wabash River drainage. Fanshell is found in naiades or freshwater mussels (: Union- the lower Tippecanoe River (below Lake idae) of the Tippecanoe River, Indiana. Malaco- Freeman) and the lower East Fork White Riv- logical Review 23:83-98. er. The fat pocketbook survives in the extreme Cummings, K.S. & C.A. Mayer. 1997. Distribu- lowest section of the mainstem Wabash River, tional checklist and status of Illinois freshwater where it is one of the most common live fresh- mussels (Mollusca: Unionacea). Pp. 129-145, In water mussels found. Conservation and management of freshwater

mussels II: Initiatives for the future. (K.S. Cum- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS mings, A.C. Buchanan, C.A. Mayer & T.J. Nai- Mussel collections by the Wildlife Diver- mo, eds.). Proceedings of a UMRCC symposium, 16-18 October 1995, St. Louis, Missouri. Upper sity Section, IDNR, were funded through Conservation Committee, State Wildlife Grant T-3. Sampling was aided Rock Island, Illinois. by a series of dedicated naturalist aides, in- Cummings, K.S., C.A. Mayer & L.M. Page. 1992. cluding Ted V. Briggs, Kathy M. Eddy, Kevin Survey of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: L. Rowe, Amelia R. Barnett, L. Bieker, Kara Unionidae) of the Wabash River drainage. Final Melissa R. Jones, and Sarah A. Bales. Report. Final Report to the Nongame and En- dangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & LITERATURE CITED Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 201 pp. Ball, R.L. & B.M. Schoenung. 1996. Status of Daniels, L.E. 1903. A check list of Indiana Mol- lh mussel populations in the primary harvest areas. lusca, with localities. 27 Annual Report of the 1995 final report. Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Re- Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Indi- sources. 27:629-652. anapolis. 72 pp. Daniels. L.E. 1915. A supplemental check list of Blatchley, W.S. & L.E. Daniels. 1903. On some Indiana Mollusca, with localities and notes. 39 th Mollusca known to occur in Indiana. A supple- Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Ge- mentary paper to Call's catalogue. 26* Annual ology and Natural Resources 39:318-326. Report of the Indiana Department of Geology Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1993. Mussel and Natural Resources 26:577-628. suitability and impact analysis of the Tippecanoe Call, R.E. 1894. A contribution to a knowledge of River. Final Report to the Nongame and Endan- Indiana Mollusca. Proceedings of the Indiana gered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Academy of Science 9:140-156. Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 102+ pp. Call, R.E. 1896. Second contribution to a knowl- Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1995. Draft report: a .

FISHER—MUSSELS OF THE WABASH RIVER 109

unionid status and distributional survey in the mussels of the Wabash and White Rivers of In- Salamonie and Mississinewa rivers. Final Report diana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Pro- Science 79:205-226. gram, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indi- Lewis, R.B. 1991. Freshwater mussel (Mollusca: anapolis. 44 pp. Unionidae) survey of Sugar Creek in Parke. Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1998. Unionid survey Montgomery, Boone, and Clinton counties oi In- upstream and downstream of 16 point sources in diana. Final Report to the Nongame and Endan- the Tippecanoe River. Final Report to the U.S. gered Wildlife Program. Division of Fish & Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington Field Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 22- pp. Office. 90 pp. Meyer, E.R. 1968. The distribution and abundance Ecological Specialists, Inc. 2001. Unionid mussel of freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae survey of the Patoka River, Indiana. Final Report (Pelecypoda) of the Wabash. White, and East to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patoka Fork of the White rivers of Indiana. Final Report River National Wildlife Refuge. 22 + pp. to the Division of Fish and Game. Indiana De- EnviroScience, Inc. 2006. Unionid Survey of the partment of Natural Resources. Indianapolis. 68 East Fork White River, Tippecanoe River, and pp. Wabash River. Final Report to the Division of Myers-Kinzie, M.L., S.P Wente & A. Spaeie. 2001 Fish and Wildlife, Indiana Department of Natural Occurrence and distribution of freshwater mus- Resources. Indianapolis. 60+ pp. sels in small streams of Tippecanoe Countv. In-

Frankland, L. 1 996. Survey of the freshwater mus- diana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academv of sel population of the mainstem of the Wabash Science 110:141-150. River. Boundary River Program, Illinois Depart- Page, L.M., K.S. Cummings, C.A. Mayer. S.L. Post

ment of Conservation. Springfield, Illinois. 8 + & M.E. Retzer. 1992. Biologically significant Il- pp. linois streams. An evaluation of the streams of Goodrich, C. & H. van der Schalie. 1944. A re- Illinois based on aquatic biodiversity. Final Re- vision of the Mollusca of Indiana. The American port to the Illinois Department of Conservation Midland Naturalist 32:257-326. and Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Harmon, J.L. 1998. Finalization of freshwater Resources. Springfield, Illinois. 485 pp. mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) survey of Indiana's Stein, F. 1881. Synopsis of the molluscous fauna East Fork White River drainage. Final Report to of Indiana. Second Annual Report of the De- the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, partment of Statistics and Geology for the Year Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 1880. 2:451-467. 167 pp. Strayer, D.L. & D.R. Smith. 2003. A Guide to Henschen, M.T 1987. The freshwater mussels Sampling Freshwater Mussel Populations. Amer- (Unionidae) of the Eel River of northern Indiana. ican Fisheries Society Monograph 8. American Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Fisheries Society. Bethesda. Maryland. 103 pp. Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, Szafoni. R.E.. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. IDNR. Indianapolis. 73 pp. 2000. Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) Henschen, M.T 1990. The freshwater mussels of of the Middle Branch. North Fork Vermilion

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water mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) o\' Fall entific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana from Geist Reser- United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2 edition. voir to 46 th Street. Final Report to the Nongame American Fisheries Society, Special Publication and Endangered Wildlife Program. Division o[~ 26. Bethesda. Maryland. 359 pp. Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 3 pp. Krumholz, L.A., R.L. Bingham & E.R. Meyer. Manuscript received 7 September 2006, revised IS 1970. A survey of the commercially valuable October 2006.