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7000 Év Története • 7000 Jahre Geschichte

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7000 Év Története • 7000 Jahre Geschichte View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library év története: Magyarország földrajzi helyzetének köszönhetően átmenetet képezett Fejezetek Magyarország kelet és nyugat, valamint dél és észak között, ezért egyedülállóan régészetéből gazdag régészeti emlékekben. A jelen kötet egy német-magyar előadássorozat tanulmányaira alapozva a Kárpát-medence mintegy Jahre Geschichte: 7000 év történetét felvillantó friss kutatási eredményeket és innovatív Einblicke in die módszereket tárgyal és foglal össze. A képekkel gazdagon illusztrált kötet öt fejezetet mutat be Archäologie Ungarns Magyarország régészetéből: a neolitikumtól a bronz- és vaskoron át a római császárkorig, valamint a népvándorláskorig. A könyv, amely a szakmabeliekhez és a laikusokhoz egyaránt szól, sokoldalú betekintést 7000 nyújt a múlt életformáiba, illetve a 21. század eleji régészeti kutatások forrásaiba, problematikájába és módszereibe. Ungarn besitzt dank seiner geographischen Lage zwischen Ost und 7000 Jahre Geschichte 7000 Jahre West, Nord und Süd ein außergewöhnlich reiches und bewegtes archäologisches Erbe. Der vorliegende Band geht auf eine deutsch- ungarische Vortragsreihe zurück, in der die neusten Forschungen und innovativen Ansätze zur 7000-jährigen Geschichte des Karpaten- beckens vorgestellt und zusammengefasst wurden. Der reich bebilderte Band präsentiert fünf Zeitabschnitte aus der Archäologie Ungarns: vom Neolithikum über die Bronze- und Eisenzeit bis zur Kaiser- und Völkerwanderungszeit. Das Buch bietet Fachleuten wie Laien bunte Einblicke in vergangene Lebenswelten sowie in Quellen, Fragestellungen und Methoden der archäologischen Forschung am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts. 7000 év története • ISBN 978-3-86705-085-2 7000 év története: Fejezetek Magyarország régészetéből 7000 Jahre Geschichte: Einblicke in die Archäologie Ungarns év története: Fejezetek Magyarország régészetéből Jahre Geschichte: Einblicke in die Archäologie Ungarns szerkesztette • herausgegeben von Heinrich-Tamáska Orsolya • Winger Daniel 2018 Verlag Bernhard Albert Greiner Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Leibniz-lnstitut für Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Eunopa e. V. in Leipzig (GWZO). Diese Maßnahme wird mitfinanziert durch Steuermittel auf der Grundlage des von den Abgeordneten des Sächsischen Landtages beschlossenen Haushaltes. der Deutsch-Ungarischen Gesellschaft e. V., Sitz Berlin und seines Präsidenten Klaus Rettel der AAB Archäologische Ausgrabungen und Bauprojektbetreuung, Berlin, Herrn René Bräunig 7000 év története: Fejezetek Magyarország régészetéből / 7000 Jahre Geschichte: Einblicke in die Archäologie Ungarns. Heinrich-Tamáska, Orsolya / Winger, Daniel (eds.). Remshalden: Greiner 2018. ISBN 978-3-86705-085-2 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. 1. Auflage 2018 © 2018 Verlag Bernhard Albert Greiner, 73630 Remshalden; www.bag-verlag.de Umschlagbild: Abb. 1/3; 1/11; 2/5; 3/19; 3/18b; 4/23b; 4/1; 3/33b; 3/38. Umschlaggestaltung, Satz: Anita Mezei Grafik: Krisztián Kolozsvári Redaktion: Orsolya Heinrich-Tamáska, Daniel Winger Das Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ist ohne Zustim- mung des Verlages unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikro- verfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. ISBN 978-3-86705-085-2 Előszó Vorwort A kötet a berlini Freie Universität Régészeti In- Der vorliegende Sammelband geht auf eine tézetében 2014 és 2015 között, két szemesz- sich über zwei Semester erstreckende Vor- teren át megrendezett előadássorozat tanul- tragsreihe am Institut für Prähistorische Ar- mányait gyűjti össze. A központban Magyar- chäologie der Freien Universität Berlin zurück, ország, illetve tágabb értelemben a Közép-Du- die in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 stattfand. Im navidék régészete állt. Nemzetközi és inter- Mittelpunkt stand die Archäologie im heutigen diszciplináris projektek eredményeire támasz- Ungarn bzw. – weiter gefasst – im mittleren kodva, neves szakemberek cikkei mutatják be Donauraum. Die Beiträge renommierter Wis- a magyarországi régió jelentőségét Európa ré- senschaftlerInnen, die von ihren internationa- gészetében. len und interdisziplinären Forschungen und A társadalmi fejlődés egyik legnagyobb átala- Projekten berichten, zeigen eindrucksvoll die kulása, a neolit forradalom, amelynek köszön- Bedeutung des ungarischen Raumes für die hetően elterjedt a földművelés és az állattar- vor- und frühgeschichtliche Entwicklung Euro- tás, valamint állandó települések jelentek meg, pas auf. éppen a Kárpát-medencén keresztül érte el a Die größte Umwälzung menschlichen Verhal- mai Németország területét. Később a rendkí- tens, die neolithische Revolution, der Über- vül élénk kulturális kapcsolatokat felmutató gang zu Sesshaftigkeit, Ackerbau und Vieh- bronzkorban is kulcsszerepet játszott Magyar- zucht, erreichte beispielsweise erst über das ország területe, ahol is az észak-déli és a ke- Karpatenbecken das heutige Deutschland. let-nyugati áramlatok keresztezték egymást. A Auch in der weit vernetzten Welt der Bron- Közép-Dunavidék tanúja volt a kelta vándor- zezeit kommt Ungarns Gebieten eine Schlüs- lásnak, majd a római hódításnak, ill. a provinci- selstellung zwischen Nord und Süd, Ost und ák kiépítésnek. Mindemellett ez a táj adott ott- West zu. Der Mitteldonauraum war Zeuge der hont különböző lovas-nomád hatalmi közpon- tok kialakulásának is. A hunok megjelenése a keltischen Wanderung und der römischen Ex- népvándorlás korának kezdetét, míg az avarok pansion bis hin zum Provinzausbau. Die Regi- uralma e korszaknak a lezárását jelenti. A ma- on war darüber hinaus wiederholt Mittelpunkt gyar honfoglalás pedig a középkori Magyar Ki- reiternomadischer Herrschaftsbildungen: Die rályság születésének nyitó dátuma. Ankunft der Hunnen markiert den Beginn E kötet keretei természetesen nem engedik der Völkerwanderung, die der Awaren deren meg, hogy egy teljes áttekintés adjon 7000 Ende. Die Landnahme der Ungarn steht wie- év történetéről. Így vannak korszakok amik- derum am Anfang der Entstehung des Unga- nek nem tudtunk helyet adni, mint pl. a réz- rischen Königreichs. kor, a vaskori szkíta kultúra, vagy a Karoling Der Rahmen dieses Buches erlaubt natürlich kor. A kiválasztott tématikai egységek mégis nicht 7000 Jahre Geschichte in vollem Um- egy kronólogiai vonalat követve, reprezenta- fang zu behandeln. So konnten einige Perio- tív betekintéseket adnak Magyarország régé- den nicht berücksichtigt werden, wie etwa die szeti kutatásába. Kupferzeit, die eisenzeitliche skythische Kultur Előszó Vorwort 5 A Duna minden korszakban döntő jelentősé- oder die karolingische Expansion. Die ausge- gű útvonal volt, összekötő és elválasztó szere- wählten Themenblöcke geben jedoch einer pet egyaránt betöltve. A térség vonzotta és to- chronologischen Linie folgend, repräsentative vább is engedte ez embereket, miközben azok Einblicke in die archäologische Forschung Un- hatottak egymásra, kicserélték egymás között garns. tudásukat, alkalmazkodtak egymáshoz, keve- Die Donau präsentiert sich dabei durch die redtek és egyesültek egymással. Ezekről a fo- Zeiten als Hauptverkehrsader, verbindend und lyamatokról tanúskodnak az utóbbi 7000 év trennend zugleich. Menschen kamen und gin- különböző nyomai: telepek és erődítések, kul- gen – nicht ohne sich auszutauschen, anzupas- tuszhelyek és temetők, kincsleletek és közle- sen, zu vermischen und zu verschmelzen. Von kedési útvonalak. Mindennek megértéséhez diesen Prozessen zeugen unterschiedlichste a modern régészet a vizsgálati eljárások szé- Hinterlassenschaften der letzten 7000 Jah- les spektrumával dolgozik, amelyek elősegítik re: Siedlungen und Befestigungen, Kultplätze a történelem megértését a maga komplexitá- und Gräber, Schätze und Verkehrswege. Da- sában, és egyidejűleg újabb kérdéseket is fel- bei setzt die moderne Archäologie ein breites vetnek. A kötet betekintést nyújt a Kárpát-me- Spektrum analytischer Methoden ein, die das dencében egykor élt népek vándorlási útvona- Verständnis und die Vielschichtigkeit der Ge- laiba, rokonsági kapcsolataiba, étkezési szo- schichte fördern, aber auch neue Fragen auf- kásaiba. Az ásatási leletek beszélnek kézmű- werfen. Wir erfahren in diesem Buch Neues ves technikákról, tudás továbbadásról, innová- über die Wanderungen, die Verwandtschaft ciókról, valamint messzire nyúló kereskedelmi und Ernährung der Menschen, die einst im kapcsolatokról is. A régészeti kutatás továbbá Karpatenbecken lebten. Die Funde beleuchten fi gyelmet szentel a vallási elképzeléseknek, a Herstellungstechniken, Wissenstransfer, Inno- szellemi világ és a társadalmi berendezkedés vationen und weitreichenden Handel. Glau- kérdéskörének is. bensvorstellungen, Ideen und Gesellschaftssy- A berlini régészeti előadássorozat mind a szak- steme stehen ebenso im Fokus der archäolo- kollégák, mind az egyetemisták és a laikus ér- gischen Betrachtung. deklődők részéről kedvező visszajelzést kapott. Die außerordentlich gut von KollegInnen, A sikerért köszönet illeti a berlini székhelyű Studierenden und interessierten Laien wahr- Német-Magyar Társaságot, amely t. k. e kötet genommene Berliner Vortragsreihe war nur létrejöttét is lehetővé tette. Külön is meg kell durch umfangreiche Unterstützung möglich: említeni a Társaság elnökének, Rettel Klaus
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