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.• - • -----�·------···-··--· ·- · --·· ·· . - . - . - . .•. - .. -- ···-·7 [N] � E � X 0 R I E N T E L u 45,2 X 1999 LEIDEN 1999 Contactadressen van de afdelingen van "Ex Oriente Lux" ÄMERSFOORT Mevr. D.A.M. Hendriks-Hoek, Borgesiuslaan 45, 3818 JV Amersfoort AMSTERDAM Mevr. Drs. P.M. Goedegebuure, Oude Turfmarkt 129, 1012 GC Amsterdam APELDOORN Prof. dr. H.G.L. Peels, Motetstraat 2, 7323 LE Apeldoorn ARNHEM Mevr. M.M. Bos-Leblanc, Utrechtseweg 292, 6812 AR Arnhem DORDRECHT Drs. R.G.H. Schenk, Hooge Nieuwstraat 207, 3311 AJ Dordrecht EINDHOVEN D.A. Rabbinowitsch, Bessenvlinderstraat 163, 5641 ED Eindhoven 's-GRA VENHAGE Mevr. J.M. de Munck, De Sav. Lohmannlaan 21, 2566 AG 's-Gravenhage GRONINGEN Mevr. Drs. L.M. Velt, Spoorsingel 176b, 7741 ID Coevorden HAARLEM Mevr. R.M. Schaap-Fictoor, Boerlagestraat 8, 2041 VE Zandvoort 's-HERTOGENBOSCH Drs. J. Croonen, v.d. Does de Willeboissingel 10, 5211 CA 's-Hertogenbosch HOORN Drs. G.M. Kelder, L. de Colignylaan 8, 1623 MD Hoorn KAMPEN-ZWOLLE Prof. drs. G. Kwakkel, Dravik 23, 8265 EW Kampen LEEUWARDEN Mw. Dr. M. Hommema-van Eek, P. Potterstraat 32, 8932 KL Leeuwarden LEIDEN Drs. W. Burggraaff, Donklaan 12, 2254 AA Voorschoten MAASTRICHT Dhr. en Mw. Opdenakker-Cuypers, St. Hubertuslaan 49c, 6212 BH Maastricht NIJMEGEN Drs. S.F. van der Kooi, Prof. v.d. Veldenstr. 29, 6524 PN Nijmegen ROTTERDAM F. van Koppen, Kaiserstraat 8A, 2311 GR Leiden TWENTE Mevr. Drs. M.Ch. Leeuwenburg-Bugge, Van den Vondel­ straat 5, 7471 XV Goor UTRECHT P.S.F. van Keulen, R. Wallenberglaan 122, 3572 WR Utrecht ZUTPHEN Mevr. I.M. Rebergen, Oude Wand 49, 7201 LK Zutphen BELGIË T. Boiy, Departement Oosterse en Slavische Studies, Blijde Inkomststraat 21, B-3000 Leuven Algemeen Secretariaat: Ex Oriente Lux, Postbus 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, tel. 071-5272016 (alleen dinsdagochtend), postgiro 229501. Omslag: Vrouwen en dienaren bij het banket. Grafschildering uit het graf van vizier Rechrnire (TT 100) op de Westoever van Thebe. Uit: DAVIES, The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Rë at Thebes. 45,2 1999 Bulletin uitgegeven door het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap EX ORIENTE LUX Egyptische vrouwen in feestelijke uitdossing. Uit het graf van Neferrenpet TT 178. VROUWENLEVENS IN HET OUDE NABIJE OOSTEN INHOUD Het huwelijk en de getrouwde vrouw; Impressies uit vrouwenlevens in Deir el-Medina ....................................................... JAANA TOIVARI 49 Vrouwen in Babylonië ........................................................ M. STOL 59 " "Gebiederesse van dit land ; Vrouwen in Achaimenidisch Perzië .............................................................................. WOUTER HENI{ELMAN 70 Boekennieuws; De vrouw van de nacht .. .... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 89 46 PHCENIX 45,2 1999 PHCENIX " is een bulletin van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux en wordt driemaal per jaar in opdracht van het Bestuur uitgegeven. Het staat onder redactie van M.L. FoLMER, C.H.J. DE GEUS, Th.P.J. VAN DEN Hom, A.A. LoosE (eindredacteur), W.H. VAN SoLDT en L.M.J. ZONHOVEN. De contributie voor het Genootschap bedraagt fl. 45,- per jaar (1 april-31 maart), voor jeugdleden tot 25 jaar fl. 22,50. Hiervoor ontvangen de leden Phcenix en de Nieuwsbrief, worden zij uitgenodigd voor de door plaatselijke afdelingen te orga­ niseren lezingen, kunnen zij zich tegen gereduceerde prijs abonneren op het Jaar­ " " bericht Ex Oriente Lux en de serie "Mededelingen en Verhandelingen van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux", en kunnen zij gebruik maken van de bibliotheek van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden. Het Genootschap heeft plaatselijke afdelingen in Amersfoort, Amsterdam, Apeldoorn, Arnhem,Dordrecht, Eindhoven, Friesland, 's-Gravenhage, Groningen, Haarlem, 's-Hertogenbosch, Hoorn, Kampen-Zwolle, Leeuwarden, Leiden, Maas­ tricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Twente, Utrecht en Zutphen. Het secretariaatvan het Genootschap is gevestigd: Witte Singel 25 (gebouw 1173, lste etage) te Leiden; de secretaresse is als regel dinsdagochtend aanwezig: tel. 071- 5272016. Postadres: Ex Oriente Lux, Postbus 9515, 2300 RA Leiden. Bank: Amro Leiden, rek. n°. 45.18.09.009, Postgiro 229501, tevens adres van de redactie van Phcenix. RedactieJaarbericht Ex Oriente Lux: Prof. dr. M. HEERMAVAN Voss (egyp­ tologie), Prof. dr. K.R. VEENHOF (semitische filologie en geschiedenis van het Oude Nabije Oosten; redactiesecretaris). Het dagelijks bestuur van het Genootschap is als volgt samengesteld: Prof. dr. K.R. VEENHOF, voorz. en redactie publ.; Dr. A. EGBERTS, secr.; Dr. A.C.VM. BoN­ GENAAR, penningm.; Prof. dr. A. VAN DER Koon, contact met afdelingen; Drs. A.A. LoosE, namens redactie Phrenix; Dr. D.J.W. MEIJER, organisatie studiedagen ; Dr. J. DE Roos, lezingenprogramma, Mevr. Drs. K. DUISTERMAAT, publicaties. In het Alge­ meen Bestuur hebben zitting: Prof. dr. A. SmooRs (Leuven), Dr. K.J.H. VRIEZEN (Utrecht), Dr. R.J. DEMARÉE (Oestgeest), Mevr. M.K. van Bree-Bijl (Eindhoven) en Dr. M.I. Raven (Leiden). Dr. M. CoENEN, Departement Oosterse en Slavische Studies, Blijde Inkomst­ straat 21, B-3000 Leuven, België, is secretaris van de Belgische afdeling van Ex Oriente Lux, die lezingen in Antwerpen, Hasselt en Leuven organiseert. VAN DE REDACTIE Of het nu door de druk van de zomervakanties, of door zet- en typeduiveltjes kwam, het vorige nummer van Phoenix (45,1) vertoonde een aantal kwalijke oneffen­ heden die hier gecorrigeerd moeten worden. Op de pagina van de inhoudsopgave bleek in plaats van figuur 3 van de bijdrage van V eldhuis de figuur3 van het artikel van Coenen te zijn opgenomen. Gelukkig staat in de bijdrage van V eldhuis deze afbeelding wel op de juiste plaats op pagina 40 en het onderschrift op de inhoudspagina slaat dus op dit kleitablet. Op pagina 2 is abusievelijk een verouderde opgave van bestuursleden opgeno­ men. De bestuurssamenstelling is intussen tamelijk veranderd en de juiste opgave vindt u nu hierboven. PHCENIX 45,2 - 1999 47 Verder is er nog een over het hoofd geziene zetfout bij het artikel van Marie­ José Wijntjes van wie in de bovenkop op de rechterpagina's alleen de voornaamis vermeld. Addenda et corrigenda op het dubbelnummer Phoenix 44,2/3 De Talen van het Oude Nabije Oosten - Wijziging in het artikel Het Sumerisch: - Voorbeeld 3 Gudea Cylinder A V 19 tekst ,�,� }ttr� � ��� transcriptie u4 gin7 ki.sa. ra ,na. ra.da. ra.ta. è analyse *u+gin ki-sar+a m+er+a+da+(ra)+ta+ i(?)+ljel+0 analytische daglicht+als aard-rond+op hieror+jouPartl+aanp rep+bijprep + vertaling (hulpklank) + uitprep +(er)opprep+ lvoortkomenl + hijPart2 ) vertaling ,, ..... ging als de zon hierbij voor jou aan de horizon op." - Tekstvoorbeeld Gudea Cylinder A IV 23-V 1 regel 23 (p. 66) moet zijn: 23 mi.dis.àm a.ba.me.a nu a.bame.a.ni sag.gá.è ki.karadin mu.a5 mi-dis+am aba-i+lmel+0+a nu aba-i+lmel+0+a+ani sag+a-è ki-karadin 1n+en+lal +0 vrouw-één+zijnde wie-2+1zijnl(12)+zij(l3)+14 niet (zijnde) wie- 2+1zijnl(12)+zij(l3)+14+haar(15) hoofd+op-voortkomen plaats- korenschoof 4+zij (ll)+lmakenl (12 V)+het(l3) ,,Éen of andere vrouw (letterlijk: één vrouw, wie zij niet is, wie zij wel is) (vóór mij) had van boven een opmaak van korenschoven - Bibliografie I Kärki Die sumerischen und akkadische ..... (p. 67) moet zijn: I. KÄRKI, Die Sprache der sumerischen Königsinschriften der frühalbabylonischen Zeit, Stud.Or. 35, Helsinki (1967). 48 PHCENIX 45,2 - 1999 - Het artikel over het Ugaritisch (p. 129-133) is geschreven door Wilfred van Soldt wiens naam dan ook als bovenkop op de rechterpagina's daar thuishoort. - In het artikel over het Fenicisch en het Punisch zijn de figuren 5 (p. 156) en 6 (p. 163) met elkaar verwisseld. Op pagina 163, in cursieve regel 6, eerste woord, dient de tweede t te vervallen. - In de lijst van auteurs aan het eind: 'Maragetha Folmer' moet zijn 'Mar­ garetha Folmer'; bij Wilfred van Soldt toevoegen 'Het Ugaritisch'. HET HUWELIJK EN DE GETROUWDE VROUW IMPRESSIES UIT VROUWENLEVENS IN DEIR EL-MEDINA1 JAANA TorvARI In de woestijn op de westelijke oever van Luxor (het oude Thebe) liggen, achter de heuvel van Qoemet Moera'i, de ruïnes van een dorp dat tegen­ woordig bekend staat als Deir el-Medina (het stadsklooster) (fig. 1). Voor egyptologen, die al aan het begin van deze eeuw op deze site zijn gaan werken, is deze nederzetting een rijke bron van informatiegebleken. Het is een van de weinige gesloten nederzettingsvondsten die van het Oude Egypte zijn overgebleven. Afgezien daarvan leveren de duizenden teksten die zowel in het dorp zelf als in de omgeveving gevonden zijn, een unieke kijk op talrijke aspecten van de Oudegyptische maatschappij in het algemeen en op het dagelijkse leven van diverse personen die in Deir el-Medina woonachtig waren in het bijzonder. De nederzetting van Deir el-Medina werd in de 18e dynastie opgericht, waarschijnlijk onder de regering van Toethmosis III (1504-1492), voor de huisvesting van de mannen - en hun gezinnen - die nodig waren voor de aanleg van de koninldijke graven in de nabijgelegen dalen. Het dorp is wellicht gedeeltelijk verlaten tijdens de Amama Periode, maar na deze tijd bleef Deir el-Medina bewoond tot het eind van de 20e dynasie. Gedurende die jaren nam het aantal aangestelde grafbouwers toe en bereikte een piek van 120 mannen in de 20e dynastie bij de aanleg van het graf van Ramses IV, en toen nam het aantal huizen in het dorp uiteraard toe. Vandaag de dag zijn nog zo'n 68 ruïnes te zien van huizen die tegenover elkaar staan aan beide zijden van een straat die het dorp vanaf de hoofdingang aan de noordkant in zuidelijke richting doorkruist (fig. 2). De schattingen van de Nieuwerijks populatie van Deir el-Medina lopen wat uiteen; volgens een recent voorstel van Nigel Strudwick verbleven zo'n 190 tot 370 bewoners in het dorp. De vrouwen die in Deir el-Medina kwamen wonen, kwamen daar op de eerste plaats als echtgenotes van de grafbouwers die waren aangesteld om de koninldijke graven aan te leggen.
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    JOURNAL OF CREATION 30(3) 2016 || VIEWPOINT Which Persian monarch was the Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther? James R. Hughes Among Bible scholars who accept the book of Esther as historical, it is generally believed that the Ahasuerus of Esther was Xerxes I. The primary reason is an apparent word association between the name Ahasuerus and the Old Persian word xshayârshâ. However, there are a number of reasons for equating Ahasuerus with Darius I (Hystaspes), the father of Xerxes I, including the fact that Darius spent considerable time in Susa, where he built a significant palace, whereas Xerxes did not spend much time in Susa, but in Persepolis. Events in the life of Darius can be correlated with dates for events given in Esther more closely than the events in the life of Xerxes. he name Ahasuerus, used to designate a Persian There are primarily three arguments presented in favour Tmonarch, appears only in the Hebrew Bible. It occurs of Xerxes being the monarch of Esther: many times in the book of Esther and only in two other 1. The extra-biblical events recorded about Xerxes’ reign4 places (Daniel 9:1 and Ezra 4:6). The Ahasuerus mentioned can be correlated with the dates of Ahasuerus’s reign in Daniel 9:1 cannot be the same Ahasuerus as the one given in Esther. It has been suggested that the feast mentioned in Esther, since the Ahasuerus of Daniel 9:1 recorded in chapter 1 falls within the period of Xerxes’ was the father of Darius the Mede. Whereas the rule of the preparation to avenge his father’s defeat at the Battle of Ahasuerus of Esther is later (either 522–486 BC or 486–465 Marathon (490 BC) against the Greeks.
  • Gender and Sex Irene Madreiter/Kordula Schnegg, Univ

    Gender and Sex Irene Madreiter/Kordula Schnegg, Univ

    1 [will be published in: B. Jacobs / R. Rollinger (eds.), A companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 vols., (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World), Malden, MA; Oxford; Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell] Gender and Sex Irene Madreiter/Kordula Schnegg, Univ. of Innsbruck 1 Theoretical and Methodical Considerations “The social organization of the relationship between the sexes,” as Joan W. Scott (1988:28) points out, is much more complicated than one usually imagines. It may be organized on the basis of various and differentiated criteria, such as age, ancestry, or physical characteristics. Indeed, based on ideas about ‘health’ and ‘sickness,’ or ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal,’ as well as on opinions about physical differences between men and women, one’s physique acquires a structuring character. Furthermore, the fact of dividing human beings exclusively into two apparently complementary sexes has proven an important means of organizing social relationships (Scott 1988). In order to specifically analyze how societies define bodies as male or female (= sexual differences) and to trace the significance attributed to these sexual differences (= gender) necessitates the use of analytic categories. Following Joan W. Scott’s essay “Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (Scott 1988), we have to distinguish between the perception of sexual differences and various attributions that are based on these perceptions (Scott 1988: 42-50). These attributions of meanings are often established by societies as generalized understandings and not so much as something constructed and performed. In this context such attributions of meanings also function to legitimize existing social hierarchies (Scott 1988) Moreover, we recognize here Judith Butler’s later contribution: inquiring how our socialization determines the perception of sexual difference.
  • 285 Appendix 3A, I Charted Exploration of Familial

    285 Appendix 3A, I Charted Exploration of Familial

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