Kamaro Sharif Mosque, Tando Allahyar “Disaster risk reduction has been a part of USAID’s work for decades. ……..we strive to do so in ways that better assess the threat of hazards, reduce losses, and ultimately protect and save more people during the next disaster.” Kasey Channell, Acting Director of the Disaster Response and Mitigation Division of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disas ter Ass istance (OFDA)
PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Tando Allahyar October 2014
“Disasters can be seen as often as predictable events, requiring forward planning which is integrated in to broader de velopment programs.” Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, Bureau of Crisis Preven on and Recovery. Annual Report 2011
DISCLAIMER
iMMAP Pakistan is pleased to publish this district profile. The purpose of this profile is to promote public awareness, welfare, and safety while providing community and other related stakeholders, access to vital information for enhancing their disaster mitigation and response efforts.
While iMMAP and its collaborating partner Alhasan Systems team has tried its best to provide proper sources of information and ensure consistency in analyses within the given time limits; both organizations shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies that may be encountered. In any situation where the Official Public Records differ from the information provided in this district profile, the Official Public Records should take as precedence. iMMAP and Alhasan Systems disclaims any responsibility and makes no representations or warranties as to the quality, accuracy, content, or completeness of any information contained in this report. Final assessment of accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user when using in different situations. iMMAP and Alhasan Systems shall not be liable for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use or misuse of information contained in this report. The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless both organizations and anyone involved in storing, retrieving, or displaying this information for any damage of any type that may be caused by use or misuse of this information product.
The terms used and the maps presented in this profile do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, and USAID concerning the legal status and the area of any administrative unit or its authorities.
NOTE: This district profile is a live document and it will continue to improve based on its users feedback and upon availability of more accurate and authenticated sources as and when they become available. It’s not always possible to publish these profiles in hardcopy format; however we will ensure that these updates are made available on Pakistan’s only Daily Emergency and Response – Situational Information [www.dearsir.pk] online portal. All related metadata information can also be downloaded from Pakistan pioneering Metadata portal [www.geopakistan.pk].
Any questions/ comments concerning information presented in this report can be addressed to:
iMMAP Pakistan Services Desk H.# 25, College Road, F-7/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92.51.835.0755 eMail: [email protected]
Z /d^ iMMAP has been providing Information Management [IM] and Disaster Risk Reduction [DRR] capacity building services in Pakistan since 2010. Based on our lessons learned, while interacting with thousands of humanitarian partners, private sector organizations, and government officials, both national and international; we believe that the following are the 7 basic requirements to improve Disaster Response and Management life-cycle:
1. Information Management [IM] is a must for effective disaster response and monitoring; 2. Coordination among all stakeholders [both national and international] is of utmost importance to reduce redundancy and duplication in such critical situations – going beyond clusters and getting connected with local community representatives; 3. Appropriate logistic arrangements are critical for humanitarian relief and mitigation. However, it must be born in mind that logistic requirements drastically vary from disaster to disaster, based on its time, geography, and nature; 4. Disasters and Development are intimately connected. Its important that all disaster responders are aware of the long term implications of their actions of relief and early recovery; 5. It is important that we, as disaster responders, take full responsibility of self-accountability and transparency not only to the satisfaction of the government officials but the general public as well. Not-for-profit sector must be driven by a cause! 6. National, Regional, and International Public/ Private Partnerships [PPP] is the only way to
implement sustainable Disaster Risk Management [DRM] measures; 7. Media must be integrated in our response efforts. This vastly helps to disseminate the right information, minimize duplication of efforts, and make all stakeholders aware of your organization’s input/activities.
Pakistan Emergency Situation Analysis [PESA] is a series of District Profiles (DP), which is developed with the above-mentioned 7 basic requirements in focus. PESA DPs are one of the most effective iMMAP and its collaborating partners in Pakistan, which directly contribute to thousands of humanitarian relief providers’ effective emergency response and disaster management.
I can not conclude this note without thanking iMMAP Pakistan and Alhasan Systems team that has contributed tirelessly, under extreme emergency pressure, to consistently deliver their best on time, during the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 ongoing floods, 2013 earthquake in Balochistan, and also this drought emergency in Tharparkar, Sindh.
I particularly wish to express my great appreciation for the relentless efforts of staff members of both organizations for their work with an exceptional dedication. This includes: Mr. Naeem Ahmad, Ms. Sumbal Kazmi, Mr. Sarfaraz Ayub Meher Din, Mr. Farooq Laghari, Mr. Qassim Jan, Mr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Mr. Muneeb Muzammil, Mr. Salman Mulk, Ms. Fatima Ali, Ms. Mahwish Muzamil, Mr. Zohaib Fazal, Dr. Ahmad Ali Malik, Ms. Fatima Gillani, Mr. Zeeshan Ahmad, Mr. Muhammad Shafique, Mr. Nouman Ali, Col. [R] Aftab Awan, Mr. Muhammad Akhtar, Mr. Hassan Ahmad, Mr. Saeed Ahmed Ch; Mr. Naseer Ahmad, Col. [R] Arshad Mahmood, Mr. Moeen Gillani, Mr. M. Zubair Iqbal, Mr. Musadiq Ali, Mr. Waqas Ahmad, and Mr. Muhammad Wajid our Admin & Logistics Officer.
Mehdi Bokhari Chief Technical Advisor
FORWARD
Timely response to a disaster may save precious human lives and reduce economic costs. However, natural disasters, typically, occur unexpectedly. Consequently, in most cases, the afflicted population lacks the necessary tools and capacity to handle such tragic occurrences and the devastation is manifold more than it should be.
“Before the next disaster hits, now is the time to recommit to making smart investments that save lives, property, and money. Whether at home or abroad, measures to improve response, increase disaster management capacity, plan and prepare, can have dramatic dividends.” (Kasey Channell: Acting Director of the Disaster Response Team for USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.) It is so true, as preparation for unexpected calamities is a tough task. However, if certain precautions are taken, they might lessen the overall damage. This series of district profiles, prepared by iMMAP in claboration with its private sector partner Alhasan Systems, is one such effort under its COPDM project funded by USAID, to enhance Government of Pakistan, humanitarian organizations and all other stakeholders’ efforts towards rapid needs assessment, disaster response and mitigation.
These profiles are divided into four sections namely background information, disaster history and its impact, hazard vulnerability and capacity assessment (HVCA) and coordination and support services. Background information provides an overview of history, geography, culture, and communication infrastructure. It also provides detailed analyses of demography, livelihood, food security, health and education. The second section provides detailed history of disasters in the district; information about losses and damages; and gap analyses of above mentioned sectors. HVCA section provides detailed analyses of district hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities that exist in the local community. Coordination and support services section gives information on whom to contact in emergency/disaster situations. The motivation stems from the idea that at the time of disaster all the stakeholders in general and the donors and disaster managers in particular can have a fair idea of what to expect and how to prepare for. It is expected that this contribution of ours would lead to a well-coordinated and coherent response by different humanitarian organizations on managing similar disasters.
Having stated the above, it is very candidly admitted that these profiles are by no means exhaustive and in fact require a lot more input to qualify these as good enough documents for disaster preparedness. However, these are live documents and are continuously improved upon as and when required. There appears to be an element of repetition, which is owed to the fact that while these documents depict the district profiles in normal circumstances, the same then provide a detail account of the impact of the emergency assistance provided by the government and the humanitarian organizations and the remaining gaps. Due to time and resources constraints, the information provided in these profiles is mainly base on secondary source data. Depending on the end users’ response and funding availability, this exercise would be extended to other districts of the country. Major (Retd) Tahir Iqbal iMMAP Pakistan
Table of Contents District at a Glance ...... i
Abbreviations ...... iii
1 Background Information
1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1.1 History ...... 1 1.1.6 Solid Waste Management ...... 7 1.2 Demography ...... 8 1.3 Livelihood ...... 12 1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income ...... 12 1.6 Education ...... 20 1.6.1 Highlights ...... 20
2 Disaster History and Its Impact
2.1 Disaster in District ...... 24 2.1.1 Disaster History ...... 24 2.1.1 Impact of Disaster on Demography ...... 24 2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture ...... 25 2.1.3 Analysis of Food Security Situation ...... 25 2.1.4 Impact of Disaster on Health ...... 26 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Education ...... 27
3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis
3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis...... 30
4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures
4.1.1 Education ...... 37 4.1.2 Infrastructure ...... 38
4.1.3 Health ...... 38 4.1.4 Livelihood ...... 39 4.1.5 Agriculture ...... 39 4.1.6 Food ...... 39 4.1.7 Wash ...... 40 4.1.8 Government and Humanitarian Sector ...... 40
5 Coordination and Support Services
5.1 Important Contacts ...... 42 5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points ...... 42 5.1.2 Emergency Response ...... 42 5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District ...... 42 5.2 Health Facilities ...... 43 5.2.1 List of health facilities in District Tando Allahyar...... 43
List of Tables Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Tando Allahyar 2 Table 1.1-2: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation 3 Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by Type 3 Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District Tando Allahyar for 2014 8 Table 1.2-2: Population Details by Taluka 10 Table 1.2-3: Estimated Union Council Population for 2014 10 Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 12 Table 1.3-2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Tando Allahyar (000 Hectares) 13 Table 1.3-3: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Tando Allahyar 13 Table 1.3-4: Livestock in Tando Allahyar 14 Table 1.3-5: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops 15 Table 1.3-6: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets 16 Table 1.3-7: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water 17 Table 1.3-8: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet 17 Table 1.3-9: Number of Health Facilities by Type 18 Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels 21 Table 1.6-2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender 22 Table 2.1-1: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods 2011 24 Table 2.1-2: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011 25 Table 2.1-3: Availability stock of Medicine, Equipment, Consumables and Vaccines 26
List of Maps 1: Reference Map ii 2: Irrigation System Map 4 3: Fresh Water Availability Map 5 4: Population Density Map 11 5: Health Facility Map 19 6: Education Facility Map 23 7: Risk Analysis Map 28 8: Possible Safe Locations Map 29
'LVWULFW7DQGR$OODK\DU i $7$*/$1&( 3RSXODWLRQ 3RSXODWLRQ (VW SHUVRQV 3HUVRQV 3RSXODWLRQ'HQVLW\ $UHD SHU6T.P
$YHUDJH$QQXDO*URZWK5DWH 6T.PV
0DOH )HPDOH
$YHUDJH +RXVHKROG 6L]H 5XUDO3RSXODWLRQ 6H[5DWLR 0DOHVSHUIHPDOHV
(VWLPDWHG +RXVHKROG $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 8QLWV 8UEDQ3RSXODWLRQ
+HDOWK (GXFDWLRQ 7DOXND 8QLRQ&RXQFLOV +HDOWK )DFLOLWLHV 0RX]DV (GXFDWLRQDO ,QIDQW0RUWDOLW\5DWH )DFLOLWLHV /LYH%LUWKV 8QGHU0RUWDOLW\5DWH /LYH%LUWKV /LWHUDF\ 0DOH )HPDOH 5DWH 0DWHUQDO0RUWDOLW\5DWLR /LYH%LUWKV
(OHFWRUDO5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ 0DOH )HPDOH 1DWLRQDO$VVHPEO\6HDW 1$ 5HJLVWHUHG9RWHUV 3URYLQFLDO$VVHPEO\6HDW 3636
6ROXWLRQVLQ7LPH $/+$6$16<67(03ULYDWH/LPLWHG
ii
China WGS84 Kilometers ession of xpr 12 India DisputedTerritory IndianAdministered Gilgit Baltistan Part ofJammu & Kashmir Azad Kashmir September29, 2014 http://www.immap.org Capital Federal Territory Punjab Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA 6 Sindh Health Facilities EducationFacilities Settlements Roads Railway Branch Distry Minor Canals District boundary boundary Taluka 3 Balochistan Afghanistan ¼ ! ' iMMAP_PAK_TAY Reference Map_v02_290914 iMMAP_PAK_TAY ¼ | 0 Legend IrrigationSystem Arabian Sea Arabian Sea Map dataMap source(s): Iran any any opinion whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, HealthFacilities, Education Facilities. Alhasan Systems, or USAID concerning the legal Alhasan Systems Private Limited: Admin boundaries, Food World Program (WFP): Roads, Railway, AgencyNational(NGA): Geospatial Settlements authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its status of any country, territory, city or area or of its Sindh Irrigation and Drainage Authority (SIDA): frontiersor boundaries. IrrigationsSystem. Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the e Map DocName: CreationDate: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: ¼ ¼ ¼ Mir Jo Mir Goth ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ Al Khidmat Al Hospital ! ' ¼ U m e r k o t U m e r k o t ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ Marie Stopes Marie Society Hospital Nari Welfare Association Welfare Nari Dr Rano Dr Clinic Mal Al Barkat Al Welfare Center Medical ! ' ! ' ! ! ' ' ¼ ¼ Khanzada Welfare Hospital ! ! ' ! ' ' ! ¼ ' ¼ Children Clinic Children ¼ Muslim Medical Muslim Store General & ! ! ' ' ! ! ' ' ! ' ! General Store ' Muhammad & Maternity Hospital Child ! ' ! ! Tolani Ultrasound Tolani Center Diagnostic ' ' ¼ Tando Allahyar ! Abdul Rafy Abdul Clinic ' ! ' ! ! ! ' ' ' ¼ Goth Ghazi Kalro ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ Homeopathic Clinic ¼ ! ' ¼ ¼ ! ' TANDO ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ' ALLAH YAR ALLAH ! ' ¼ ! ' ! ¼ ' ! ' ! ¼ ' M i r p u r k h a s ¼ M i r p u r k h a s ¼ ¼
¼ Al Farid Al Homeopathic Clinic ! ' Walidad Khaskheli ¼ Goth Madad Ali Tamachi Hospital Tamachi ! ' Aga Khan Aga University Hospital ! ' ¼ Civil Hospital ! ' ¼ ¼
¼ r o ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ n i
¼ M ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ g ¼
n ¼
Muhammad Saddique Memon Dispensary a ! !
' '
h C ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ r Dispensary ¼ ¼
Mohammad o
n Bhu Sanjar Chang ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ i ¼ ! ¼ ' ¼ B a d i n Sadique Memon M B a d i n ¼
r ¼ ¼ Pir Sakhi I Minor ¼
¼ a
¼ j ¼ ¼¼ ¼ ¼ i ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
B ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
Bhu Shadyun Walhar r ¼ o ¼ ¼ !
¼ n ¼ ¼ ¼
' i ¼¼ ¼
¼ M ¼ h ¼ c
¼ u ¼ h
¼ ¼ C ¼ ¼ ¼ Rhc Moissan Wadi ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ¼ ¼ ' ¼ ¼ ¼ Bhu Ditto Kalro ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ¼ ' ¼
I
¼
¼ I r ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ o ¼
¼ ¼ n ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ September, 2014 ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ Mi ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼
i h ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ ¼ d ¼ ¼ ¼ Mubarak Jarwar Dispensary
¼
¼ ¼ n ! ¼ ¼ ' ¼ ¼ ¼
¼
¼ ¼ a ¼
¼ L ¼ ¼
Moriani Minor ¼
Mel Minor Distry Bulghi ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ TandoAllahyar Reference Map ¼ ¼ y ¼ ¼ ¼
r ¼ ¼ ¼ t ¼ ¼ ¼ s ¼ r Rhc Chamber ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼¼ ¼ ! o ¼ ' ¼ ¼ ¼ Di ¼ ¼ n ¼
i I ¼ i ¼
- ¼
y
¼ r ¼
¼ r r
¼ M r
¼
o o t ¼ n Pyaro Lund Civil Hospital ¼ i o i ¼
¼
¼ r !
¼
M s
o ' y n ¼ ¼
¼ i i ¼
i ¼ o ¼ ¼
r r Gharib Distry N ¼
a y t h
¼
M CHAMBER ¼ h r
k¼ ¼ s ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ t i ¼ ¼ a ¼
i ¼ ID ¼ n ¼
n ¼
¼ h s I ¼ ¼
¼ o ¼¼ i ¼ ¼ S a n g h a r a
- D ¼ S a n g h a r ¼ d
¼ r ¼
S ¼ r n D o
¼
¼ ¼ e
o h ¼
y r ¼
n a ¼ i i
¼ ¼ M
¼ r
¼ ¼ ¼
M a ¼ ¼ t i L h k ¼ e K m ¼ Bhu Naseer Khan Leghari e n ¼ is ¼ o ! ' g ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ d ¼
D o ¼ a
a ¼ ¼ ¼
i ¼ ¼
¼ t S ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ N ¼
H ¼ ¼ o ¼ o ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ h ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ d ¼ ¼ ik ¼ n ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ a ¼
a ¼ ¼ h ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
T ¼
s ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ a ¼ ¼ ¼ Sindh - ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ M ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ¼ ' ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ MARI ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ JHANDO ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼¼¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼
¼ ¼
¼ Raj Pari Minor Pari Raj ¼ ¼ ¼
¼
¼
¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ ¼
¼
¼
¼ ¼
r ¼ ¼ o i n ¼ ¼
! ¼ M ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ i Bhu Kouro Daidano ¼ ¼ ' ¼
r ¼ ! ! ¼ ! ! ¼ ! ! ! ' ' ¼ ¼ ! ' '
¼ ! ' ' ¼
' u ¼ ¼ ¼ ' ¼ ¼ ' ¼ ! ! ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ! ! ¼ ¼ ¼ ! !
¼ ! ' ' ! ! '
' ' s ¼ ! ! ! ' ' ' ¼ ' ' ¼ ' ' ' ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ a ¼ ¼ r
¼ ¼ ¼ ! ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ' ¼ ¼ ¼¼ ¼ ! D Al Farid Homeopathic Clinic ¼ ! ! o ' ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ' ¼ ¼ ' ' ¼ ¼ ' ¼ ' ¼ ! n ' Bhu Shah Nawaz Muhajir ¼ i ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ¼ ¼ ! ' ¼ ! ¼ ' M ¼ ' ¼ ¼ ¼
! r ¼ ¼ ' TANDO ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ u
¼
¼ o ¼ ¼
¼ ¼
¼
r o Z N ¼ w e ¼ M ¼¼¼ i ¼ ¼
n ¼ ¼ Shaikh Moosa Minor Moosa Shaikh
¼ I
ALLAH YAR ALLAH ¼ I ¼
¼ ¼ ¼ - ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
¼ r ¼ ¼
Children Clinic ¼ o ¼ ¼ General Store ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ Chakar Distry ¼
¼ n ¼
¼ ¼ i ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
M ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ Bhu TandoBhu Soomro ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
! o ¼ ¼ ¼ ' ¼ Ta n d o ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ Ta n d o r ¼ ¼ n ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
o ¼ ¼ a ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ n ¼ s ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ e ! ' ! ¼
Mi ¼ ' A l l a h Y a r ¼
A l l a h Y a r h ¼ ¼
¼ I ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ r -I K ¼
r !
o ¼ ' ¼ ¼
a ¼ K h a n ¼ ¼ ¼
n K h a n Clinic ¼ ¼
¼ y
i Zubair
¼ h Ta n d o Ta n d o ¼ ¼ ¼ a ¼ Medical
l ¼
M ¼
¼ ¼ l ¼ Complex ¼
¼ A ¼
o o n d ¼ n ¼
a a ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
T ¼ ¼ h BilqeesMashaf M u h a m m a d
M u h a m m a d ¼¼ T ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼¼ ¼ ¼
¼ r ¼ o ¼ ¼ ¼ n i ¼ ¼
M ¼ ¼ r ¼ ¼ ¼ a ¼ ¼ Rhc Nasarpur ¼
¼ h ! '
k ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ o ¼ ¼ ¼
¼
r Kh
¼ o
n h i
c M
n ¼
y a r r r u t ¼ Kunhar II Minor B s p i j
r ¼ ¼ ¼ a
D e Branch Sarfraz
T r
e Canal Rohri a
s h M a t i a r i
a M a t i a r i p
N
m
u
h B H y d e r a b a d H y d e r a b a d iii
Abbreviations ACO Agriculture Census Organization BHU Basic Health Unit CD/GD Civil Dispensary/Government Dispensary CFW Cash For Work DCR District Census Report DDRMP District Disaster Risk Management Plan ECP Election Commission of Pakistan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GER Gross Enrolment Rate GOS Government of Sindh HH Household NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDP National Drainage Program NER Net Enrolment Rate NFIs Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCO Population Census Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey RHC Rural Health Centre RSU Reform Support Unit SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SMCs School Member Committees SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission TRF Technical Resource Facility UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 1
1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 History District Tando Allahyar was previously a taluka of district Hyderabad. On the 5th of May 2005, this taluka was separated from Hyderabad and was awarded the status of a district.
Tando Allahyar is one of the oldest cities of Sindh. It has seen many changes under different rulers. The Soomra dynasty ruled this region about 1,000 years ago. The Soomras1 came in this region after the invasion of Muhammad Bin Qasim in 712 A.D. Tando Allahyar came into being as a small village. Later on, this region was ruled by the Kalhoro dynasty, from 1717 to 1783. Under the Kalhoros’ rule, a tribe named Dals was in charge of this region. The name of the Sardar of Dals was Kundhi. Hence Tando Allahyar was called Kundhi-Jiwasi. Many developments were carried out during this period. First, a military cantonment was established and other developments, especially in trade, were initiated. Many kinds of cloths were woven here, especially silk and cotton and many products made from silk were also introduced. Besides, the industries of cloth printing and leather were well developed2.
In 1783 A.D, the Kalhoras were defeated by the Talpur dynasty and Sindh was divided, for administrative purposes, into seven parts, by the Talpur Mirs. Kundhi Jiwasi was awarded to Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur (Awal). After his death, his elder son Mir Allahyar Khan was crowned. The city is called Tando Allahyar after his name3.
In 1843, the British annexed Sindh and built a communication network throughout the province. They built roads, schools, dispensaries and many other civic amenities. After the independence of Pakistan, Tando Allahyar was a taluka of district Hyderabad until 2005. 1.1.1 Geography District Tando Allahyar lies in 680 34’ 23” to 680 57’ 35” east longitudes and 250 12’ 24’’ to 250 45’ 17’’ north latitudes. This district is bounded by district Mirpur Khas on the east, district Sanghar on the north, district Hyderabad and Matiari on the west and district Tando Muhammad Khan & Badin on the south. The climate of district Tando Allahyar is temperate and pleasant. It is neither hot in summer nor cold in winter. The hottest months of summer are June and July, while the coldest months of
1 Soomras came from Samarra (Iraq) in 1024, Abbasids made Al-Khafif Soomra first governor of Sindh. The dynasty has arab roots but some of them married local women in Sindh. Till 1258, Soomra were the Abbasid Caliphate’s functionary in Sindh but later on they became independent after the fall of Baghdad. 2 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Tando Allahyar, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh 3 ibid
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2 winter are December and January. Hot winds blow from May to August from south to north, while cold winds blow from north to south in November, December and January. The nights of District Tando Allahyar are very pleasant. Due to the climatic conditions and plenty supply of irrigation water from canals, different types of crops are cultivated in this district, especially cotton, wheat, sugarcane, and all types of fruits and vegetables. Mangos grown in District Tando Allahyar are famous all over the country. 1.1.2 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) Tando Allahyar has a rich traditional Sindhi culture. Women usually wear Shalwar Qameez but quite often wear the traditional dress as well i.e., Ghaghra or Parro. Traditionally, women wear bangles. Men usually wear a Shalwar Qameez distinguished by broader bottoms and a traditional Sindhi style cap. Sindhi and Urdu are the major languages of the district, followed by Seraiki and Marwari. Islam is the major religion of this district, while a small Hindu minority is also residing in the district. Several annual festivals are celebrated in this district. Among these, Rama Pir Mela (festival) is famous all over the country. Thousands of people, from all over the country, especially people belonging to the Hindu community, bare footed travel from long distances to visit this festival. A huge trade runs during the festival and great entertainment is provided to the visitors4. Politicians from Pakistan people’s Party (PPP) and the Magsi family are strong political elite of this district. This district has one National Assembly and two provincial assembly seats. In the general elections of 2008, PPP swept away all the national and provincial assembly seats; however, they had to face a tough competition from the Magsi family who represent Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Q)5. 1.1.3 Administrative Division The district consists of three talukas, named: Tando Allahyar, Jhando Mari and Chamber, 19 union councils and 201 villages. There are 87 mouzas (revenue village) in the district, out of which 85 are rural, one is urban and one is partly urban. Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Tando Allahyar
Knungo Number of Mouzas Patwar Circles/ Tando Allahyar Circles/ Supervisory Partly Un- Tapas Total Rural Urban Forest Tapas urban populated Tando Allahyar district 4 30 87 85 1 1 - - Tando Allahyar taluka 1 6 21 20 1 - - - Jhando Mari taluka 2 13 37 37 - - - - Chamber taluka 1 11 29 28 - 1 - - Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
4 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Tando Allahyar, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh 5 http://www2.ecp.gov.pk/vsite/complete/Search.aspx?constituency=NA&constituencyid=NA-223 (accessed on 20/02/2013)
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 3
1.1.4 Road Network Infrastructure The district is well-connected with other districts through good quality roads and similarly the district headquarters, at Tando Allahyar, is connected with other talukas of the district. The total length of good quality roads is 258 kilometers in this district. 1.1.5 Irrigation The district consists of flat and fertile lands. It has an efficient canal system, which ensures agriculture productivity. Naseer Canal runs through the district and irrigates most of the distinct lands with the help of several branch canals and water courses. Branch canals of Khesana Canal irrigate the western part of the district6. As the following mouza statistics show, 85 mouzas (99% of all) are irrigated with the help of canals. Tube well irrigation is also common in this district as 47% of the mouzas have reported tube wells as a source of irrigation. Table 1.1-2: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation
RURAL NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING SOURCE OF IRRIGATION POPULA TUBEW SPRING/S ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT CAN RAVIN ARID FLOODING/ TED RIVER ELL TREAM/K AL E (BARANI) TORRENT MOUZAS /WELL AREZ Tando Allahyar Number 86 85 1 40 3 - - - district Percent 100 99 1 47 3 - - - Number 20 19 - 14 3 - - - Tando Allahyar Percent 100 95 - 70 15 - - - Number 37 37 1 8 - - - - Jhando Mari Percent 100 100 3 22 - - - - Number 29 29 - 18 - - - - Chamber Percent 100 100 - 62 - - - - Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization In the year 2008-09, 100% of the total sown area was irrigated through canals and tube wells. During the period from 2008-09 to 2009-10, there was a 4% decrease in the canal irrigated area. The table below gives information regarding sources of irrigation in the district. Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by Type Source of Irrigation Area irrigated in 2008- Area irrigated in 2009- 09 10 Canal 46,144 48,117 Tube well 24,781 24,629 Well - - Total Irrigated Area 70925 72,746 Un-Irrigated 939 1,879 Total Sown Area 71,864 74,625 Source: Sindh Development stats 2011, Table 4.36
6 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Tando Allahyar, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4
WGS84 China Kilometers India DisputedTerritory 12 tems, or san Sys IndianAdministered September 29, 2014 Part of Jammu Kashmir& http://www.immap.org Azad Kashmir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab
FATA 6 Sindh Branch Distry Minor Canals Districtboundary boundary Taluka Artificial areas Bareareas Grassland Irrigatedcroplands Mosaic Croplands/Vegetation Rainfedcroplands Waterbodies 3 Afghanistan iMMAP_PAK_TAY Irrigation SystemMap_v02_290914 Balochistan | Legend Irrigation System Cover Land 0 Arabian SeaArabian Iran USAID concerning thelegal statusof anycountry, territory, city or areaor of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. Map datasource(s): AlhasanSystems Private Limited:Admin boundaries, Sindh Irrigation and System, DrainageRiver, Authority (SIDA) GlobalLand : Cover 2009: Irrigations Land Cover Disclaimers: The designations employed and on the presentation this of map material whatsoever do on not the part imply of the the iMMAP, Alha expression of any opinion Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources:
2: Irrigation System Map M i r p u r k h a s M i r p u r k h a s
r
o
n
i
M
g
n
ha C
r
o
n
i B a d i n M Pir Sakhi I Minor B a d i n r
a r
j o
i n
C
i h
u c h B M II
r
o
n
i
M
i
h
d
n a
Mel Minor L
y r Moriani Minor t is
D Distry Bulghi
i r
r Ta n d o
Ta n d o o r
o o n
n i i
o
M
i M r N A l l a h Y a r y A l l a h Y a r
a r i
h t Gharib Distry r
a CHAMBER o
n s
i o
r h
o
S
n Landhi Minor-I k
i D n M i h a Ke r I Me I
-
o r
Hadeki Distry m
o
o
S Nagnah Distry
o
d
n MARI ry a st T Di JHANDO
oti
kh
i r
o
n
September,2014 i
Raj Pari Minor Pari Raj
a M
i r
h u s
s a
a D
M r
o
r
o TANDO
n i M n e w N i
I Zour Minor
I -
ALLAH YAR ALLAH
M
r
Shaikh Moosa Minor Moosa Shaikh o o
n n r i Chakar Distry a no h i M T I M o -I n r sa a e hy Kh lla A do
n K h a n a K h a n
T Ta n d o Ta n d o
h r c
TandoAllahyar IrrigationSystem and Land Cover o n
n a i r
M u h a m m a d B
ch M M u h a m m a d
an r
r u z
S a n g h a r
S a n g h a r
B p
a
y r j r r e a
t f Khokhar Minor
e r
is T s a
D a S
r N a
h
p Kunhar II Minor
m
u h
B l
Sindh - a n a i C Ro hr
M a t i a r i M a t i a r i h a W m a Akr H y d e r a b a d H y d e r a b a d al an C li
le
ul r
e h
v i P
R Old
s nch u a
li Br
d le J a m s h o r o
J a m s h o r o n u I Ph
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 5
) Nepal Nepal 26 09 14 WGS 1984 Kilometers China 10 Aksai Chin China/India http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir DisputedTerritory Jammu andKashmir (India AJK Gilgit Baltistan- Tajikistan Punjab Islamabad Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA 5 Pakistan Sindh Uzbekistan Balochistan Afghanistan erning the legal status of any country, territory,
DistrictBoundary ProvincialBoundary InternationalBoundary Arabian Sea Road Network 0 Branch Distry Minor Buffer 1.5 Kilometer Settlements Near to Fresh Water Availability SettlementsFresh Near to Water | Turkmenistan iMMAP_Pakistan_TandoAllahyar Fresh WaterAvailability Map_A4L_140926 an Map DocName: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Legend man an (Islamic Republic of) Oman USAID conc Map datasource(s): Alhasan Pvt Limited (Admin Boundaries,Road Network), National Geo SpatialAgency (Settlements) Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, or O Ir Om R 3: Fresh Water Availability Map Turkmenistan MARI JHANDO SANGHA
UMERKOT MARI JHANDO CHAMBER T. AYAR T. TANDO ALLAHYAR MIRPURKHAS MARI JHANDO SANGHAR BADIN Date (SeptemberDate 2014) SANGHAR CHAMBER MARI JHANDO T. AYAR T.
Sindh- TandoAllahyar Fresh Water Availability Map
TANDO ALLAHYAR T. M T. KHAN SANGHAR MATIARI HYDERABAD BACKGROUND INFORMATION 6
1.1.6 Solid Waste Management “Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the generation, separation, collection, transfer, transportation and disposal of waste in a way that takes into account public health, economics, conservation, aesthetics, and the environment, and is responsive to public demands.”7 There is no Solid Waste Management scheme reported in the district.
7 Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science Environ Occup Sci 2012; 1(2):129-131
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 7
1.2 Demography In Pakistan, male population is more than the female population and is among those four countries where life expectancy for female, at birth, is less than that of males8. Sex ratio in Tando Allahyar is 108 male per 100 females, which is more than the ratio at the National level that is 1069. Though there could be other possible reasons for such a difference in male to female ratio, one probable reason could be underreporting of females during national surveys. Besides, a very high maternal mortality rate10 and poor health care at the district and provincial level are likely to be instrumental for this difference. District Tando Allahyar, like majority of the other districts in Sindh, is rural by its characteristics. As 78 percent of the population resides in rural areas as compared to the 22 percent that resides in the urban areas. Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District Tando Allahyar for 2014
AGE GROUP TOTAL RURAL URBAN (IN YEARS) BOTH SEXES MALE FEMAE BOTH MALE FEMALE BOTH MALE FEMAE SEXES SEXES ALL AGES 685,598 356,362 329,236 537,989 279,514 258,475 147,609 76,848 70,761 0-4 111,310 56,555 54,754 89,529 45,356 44,173 21,781 11,199 10,581 5-9 112,974 59,378 53,596 90,179 47,516 42,663 22,795 11,862 10,933 10-14 84,859 46,285 38,575 64,638 35,698 28,940 20,223 10,587 9,635 15-19 68,001 34,557 33,443 51,623 26,082 25,541 16,377 8,475 7,901 20-24 66,806 32,520 34,287 52,838 25,498 27,339 13,968 7,021 6,948 25-29 55,463 29,153 26,310 43,867 23,168 20,701 11,596 5,985 5,609 30-34 41,414 22,784 18,630 31,905 17,593 14,313 9,509 5,191 4,318 35-39 26,998 14,281 12,718 20,633 10,822 9,812 6,365 3,459 2,907 40-44 29,785 14,773 15,013 23,290 11,462 11,828 6,495 3,311 3,186 45-49 23,191 12,354 10,837 18,259 9,698 8,562 4,931 2,657 2,276 50-54 20,174 10,551 9,623 15,931 8,382 7,548 4,243 2,168 2,074 55-59 12,678 6,928 5,750 9,737 5,319 4,417 2,941 1,609 1,332 60-64 12,553 6,395 6,159 9,942 5,096 4,847 2,611 1,299 1,312 65-69 6,396 3,402 2,993 4,939 2,638 2,301 1,457 764 693 70-74 6,161 3,139 3,023 4,986 2,445 2,541 1,175 693 482 75 & ABOVE 14,030 6,794 7,236 9,998 4,832 5,166 4,032 1,962 2,070 Source: Population against different age groups estimated on the basis of Tando Allahyar Census Report 1998
8 A profile for District Tando Allahyar: 2009, South-Asia Partnership Pakistan 9 Labour Force Survey 2010-11: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 10 0.5 for Sindh, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-07: National Institute of Population Studies, Pakistan. pp. 179
DEMOGRAPHY 8
1.2.1 Population Growth Pattern District Tando Allahyar is newly created and Growth Pattern in 1998 the total population of the talukas 700,000
that formed this district, was 468,373.
600,000
Population of District Tando Allahyar has an
685,598 685,598
11
669,464 669,464
estimated growth rate of 2.41 % per 653,710
638,326 638,326
500,000 623,304
608,636 608,636
594,313 594,313
annum, which means that the population
580,327 580,327
566,671 566,671
12 553,335
540,314 540,314
will double itself in 29 years from 1998. 45 527,599
400,000 515,183 515,183
503,059 503,059
491,221 491,221
479,661 479,661
468,373 468,373
percent of the population is below 15 years of age and 2.83 percent is 65 years or 300,000 above. The estimated population for 2014 is 200,000 685,598, showing a 46% increase in 16 years from 1998. 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
75+ 0.5% 0.5% 1.2.2 Population Distribution by 70-74 0.5% 0.4% FEMALE 65-69 0.5% 0.4% MALE Age and Gender 60-64 0.9% 0.9% Out of the total population, 52 percent are 55-59 1.0% 0.8% 50-54 1.5% 1.4% males and 48 percent are females. Largest 45-49 1.8% 1.6% cohort of population is 5-9 years, which 40-44 2.2% 2.2% 35-39 2.1% 1.9% decreases with 5 years interval. Total 30-34 3.3% 2.7% population in this cohort is 59,378. Except 25-29 4.3% 3.8% 20-24 4.7% 5.0% the age groups of 20-24, 40-44, and 75+, in 15-19 5.0% 4.9% all the rest of the age groups male 10-14 6.8% 5.6% 5-9 8.7% 7.8% population out numbers female population. 1-4 8.2% 8.0% 1.2.3 Dependent Population The economically dependent population is considered to be the population that is less than 15 years and more than 65 years of age. In addition to them, widowed, and/or divorced women are also considered dependent population. Dependent Dependet Labour , 48% Force, population in the case of Tando Allahyar 52% district is 48 percent of the total population and the working population is 52 percent, which shows that dependency ratio13 in the district is 92 percent.
11 Population Welfare Department Sindh http://www.pwdsindh.gov.pk/districts/T.A%20Yaar.htm accessed on 13/02/2013 12 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm 13 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 9
Table 1.2-2: Population Details by Taluka
Taluka Population Male Female Pop Density Sex Ratio Average HH Size Estimated HH Tando Allah Yar 302,508 157,238 145,270 595 108 5.8 52,156 Chamber 183,790 95,531 88,259 270 108 5.8 31,688 Jhando Mari 199,300 103,593 95,708 501 108 5.8 34,362 Total 685,598 356,362 329,236 432 108 5.8 118,207 Source: Estimated using Table 1 of Census 1998 Table 1.2-3: Estimated Union Council Population for 2014
Union Council Taluka 2014 Est Union Council Taluka 2014 Est
Tando AllahYar I Tando Allahyar 22,438 Dad Khan Jarwar Chamber 37,173 Tando AllahYar II Tando Allahyar 36,578 Began Jarwar Chamber 35,874 Tando AllahYar III Tando Allahyar 58,070 Sanjar Chang Chamber 40,143 Tando AllahYar IIII Tando Allahyar 31,401 Total 183,790 Shaikh Moosa Tando Allahyar 42,724 Jhando Mari Jhando Mari 39,178 Pak Sanghar Tando Allahyar 39,940 Mirabad Jhando Mari 40,927 Dhingano Bozdar Tando Allahyar 32,515 Pyaro Lund Jhando Mari 21,440 Bukera Sharif Tando Allahyar 38,843 Dasori Jhando Mari 43,775 Total 302,508 TandoSoomro Jhando Mari 26,656 Chamber I Chamber 34,472 Mesan Jhando Mari 27,324 Chamber II Chamber 36,127 Total 199,300 Grand Total 685,598
DEMOGRAPHY 10 Nepal Nepal 26 09 14 WGS 1984WGS Kilometers China 10 Aksai Chin Aksai China/India http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir Disputed Territory Disputed Jammu and Kashmir (India) Kashmir and Jammu AJK Gilgit Baltistan - Gilgit Tajikistan Punjab Islamabad Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber FATA 5 Pakistan Sindh Uzbekistan District Boundary Settlements 166945 166946 - 171989 171990 - 302397 Network Road Balochistan Afghanistan
Arabian Sea 0 ! iMMAP_Pakistan_Tando AllahyariMMAP_Pakistan_Tando Population Density Map_A4L_140926 | Turkmenistan Legend Population Density Range Map Name: Doc Map Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Oman Map data source(s): data Map Geo National Boundaries), (Admin Limited Pvt Alhasan Data Census Population (Settlements), Agency Spatial 1998) Disclaimers: material of presentation the and employed designations The opinion any of expression the imply do not map this on or Systems, Alhasan iMMAP, the of part on the whatsoever territory, country, any of status legal the concerning USAID the concerning or authorities, its of or area or city boundaries. or frontiers its of delimitation
4: Population Density Map Oman Iran (Islamic Republic of) Republic (Islamic Iran Oman
Turkmenistan HH 52,156 52,156 31,688 34,362
118,207
Estimated Estimated HHs
5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 UMERKOT 5.8 52,137 Average HH Size Average HH Size
Sex 108 108 108 108 Ratio 108 5.8 29,653 108 5.8 28,784
Sex Ratio 595 270 501 432 Pop
Density
88,259 88,259 95,708
Female 145,270 145,270 329,236
Male MIRPURKHAS 95,531 95,531
157,238 157,238 103,593 356,362
302,508 302,508 183,790 199,300 685,598
Population 302,397 157,180.37 145,216 171,989 89,396.58 82,592 166,945 86,774.83 80,170 641,330 333,352 307,978 404 108 5.8 110,574
Taluka Population Male Female Taluka Tando Chamber Jhando Mari Total Tando Yar Allah Chamber Jhando Mari Total BADIN SANGHAR Date (September 2014) (September Date CHAMBER MARI JHANDO T. AYAR Tando Allahyar Population Denisty Map TANDO ALLAH YAR Sindh-
T. M
KHAN SANGHAR MATIARI HYDERABAD DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 11
1.3 Livelihood
1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income The sources of livelihood are diversified in this district and include agriculture, business, casual labor, trade, services and government jobs. The following table shows the number of mouzas reporting sources of employment in district Tando Allahyar. Majority of the male population is associated with agriculture (in 46% of rural mouzas) followed by labor (in 32% of rural mouzas), While in the category of some, services sector, personal business and labor is frequent in male population. But the female participation is negligible in agriculture, as only 8% of the mouzas have reported females’ involvement in agriculture sector as 34% of the villages have reported higher female participation in labour. In the category of some, female participation can be seen in services, agriculture, personal business and casual labor. Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment
GENDER QUANTIFICATION SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY PERSONAL OVERSEAS LABOUR BUSINESS EMPLOYEMENT MOSTLY 1 40 1 - - - 28 MALE SOME 84 46 17 2 70 3 57 NONE 1 - 68 84 16 83 1 MOSTLY - 8 - - 1 - 34 FEMALE SOME 50 52 - - 38 - 43 NONE 36 26 86 86 47 86 9 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization The categories under which these mouzas have reported against different livelihood sources are: • Mostly: population of 50 percent and above • Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent • None: less than or equal to 1 percent 1.3.2 Agriculture Agriculture contributes approximately 21 % to the gross domestic production of the country. Tando Allahyar contributes significantly in agriculture sector of Sindh because its climate is suitable for production of various food items including the Kharif crops of maize, rice, sugarcane, cotton and bajra and Rabi crops of wheat, barley, Gram and barseen. In addition to these, mango orchards are abundant in this district. Mouza statistics have reported that mango orchards are widespread in 77% of the mouzas14. Total reported area of the district is 173,000 hectares, out of which 118,000 hectares (70%) are cultivated. Within the cultivated area, 75,000 hectares are net sown15, whereas 43,000 are
14 Sindh Mouza Statistics, (2008), Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan 15 Net Area Sown means the area which has been sown at least once in a year. It will include areas under crops, fruits, vegetables etc.
LIVELIHOOD 12 currently fallow lands16. The remaining 30% of the total reported area is un-cultivated; out of which 45,000 hectares are not available for cultivation and 7% of the area is culturable waste17. Table 1.3-2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Tando Allahyar (000 Hectares)
Tando Allahyar Area Reported Area 173 Total 118 Cultivated Area Net Sown 75 Current Fallow 43 Total 46 Culturable18 Waste 11 Un-cultivated Area Forest - Not available for Cultivation 45 Source: Sindh Development Statistics (2011) Area sown and production of food and cash crops in 2009-10 are reported in the Table 1.3.2 Table 1.3-3: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Tando Allahyar
Area Sown in 2009-10 Production in 2009-10 Area Sown in 2010-11 Type Crop (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) (Acres) FAO Wheat 34.5 130.5 - Food Rice - - 250 Sugarcane 25.3 1585.20 46,166 Cash Cotton 23.3 188,718 (bales) 58,936 Source: Sindh Development Statistics (2011) 1.3.3 Industry District Tando Allahyar has an industrial base, which complements the agriculture production of this district. Mehran sugar mill is the largest industry of the district. Besides, small cotton ginning factories are also abundant in the district. Also, Flour and oil mills have been established in this district19.
16 Current Fallow means the part of the cultivated area which has not been used for cropping during the year under reference but for which the total vacant period does not exceed three crop seasons. 17 Sindh Development Statistics, (2008), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) 18 Culturable waste means all cultivable land not actually cultivated. It should include all grazing and other land not included under forest. Sindh Development Statistics 2008, pp 81. 19 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Tando Allahyar, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 13
1.3.4 Livestock Good breed of buffalos and cows are found in the district. Sheep, goats, camels, horses, asses and mules are some of the other main livestock of the district. The number of large animals exceeds the number of smaller animals, showing people’s preferences for keeping cattle rather than goats or sheep. Livestock in the district suffers in particular from shortage of high quality feed. Table 1.3-4: Livestock in Tando Allahyar
Livestock Population Cattle 58,000 Buffalo 139,000 Sheep 17,000 Goat 213,000 Camel 1,000 Horse 1,000 Mule 246 Domestic Poultry 239,000 Source: Livestock Census (2006)
FOOD SECURITY 14
1.4 Food Security Food security can be broadly divided into four components20: Availability of food in terms of sufficient quantity available through domestic production or imports Access to adequate resources given the socio-political and economic arrangements of the community Utilization Refers to the body’s ability to make use of the nutrients provided. This requires clean water sanitation and health care Stability includes an all-time access and utilization of food without any fear of losing it due to any shock (natural calamity, economic shock). This component points out to sustainability of food in an area. 1.4.1 Availability Wheat along with other crops like maize, tobacco and sugarcane is produced in most of the rural mouzas of district Tando Allahyar. Besides, vegetables and fruits are also produced in the district. As the following table shows, cash crops are abundantly cultivated in the district. Cotton and sugarcane are cropped in 99% and 98% of the mouzas respectively. Wheat is dominant among food crops cultivated in this district. Table 1.3-5: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING MAJOR CROPS WHEAT RICE COTTON SUGARCANE MAIZE PULSES ORCHARDS VEGETABLES Tando Allahyar District 86 1 86 84 49 4 67 47 Tando Allahyar Taluka 20 1 20 20 19 - 19 19 Jhando Mari Taluka 37 - 37 35 9 4 22 8 Chamber Taluka 29 - 29 29 21 - 26 20 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization Food availability not only depends on the obtainability of wheat but also depends on other cereals like maize etc. As far as cereal food is concerned, this district is producing sufficient food for its food requirements. In addition to cereals, animal based food (meat, milk, milk products) availability is also important for total food availability, and that is also produced in surplus quantities in the district. Combining both the crop based and animal based food production; district Tando Allahyar is producing surplus food21. 1.4.2 Access Per capita availability of food items alone is not a reliable indicator of food security. If the available food is socio-economically not accessible to the masses, it cannot make a society food secure. The income level of the households reflects access to food, capacity of consumption
20 Define by Food & Agriculture Organization 21 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 15 and even food poverty. Average monthly income of a household (HH) in this district is less than Rs.11, 000/-, which is considered as extremely low22. Child dependency (ratio between children and household members in economically active age group) is one of the limiting factors in meeting the daily needs of households and is an important indicator to measure access to food. The increased dependency ratio exacerbates the spending of the household on childcare and food, which results in per capita reduction of socio-economic access to food. Child dependency ratio is high in this district. The share of household expenditures on food is 61.8% of the total income in Sindh. So the inadequate level of income, high food expenditures, high child dependency and high inflation (particularly food inflation) hinders access to food23. The table below shows physical access to food in district Tando Allahyar by providing distances of different mouzas from the wholesale markets. Average distance from the fruit and vegetable market of a mouza is 18 and 16 kilometres respectively, whereas the distance from the grain market is 17 kilometres. Such long distances impede access to food.
Table 1.3-6: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets
Overall Mouzas by Distance (in Kilometres) by Facility Rural Mean Type of facility Populated Less 51 & Distance 1 - 10 11 – 25 26 – 50 Mouzas Than 1 Above (KM) Number 86 15 2 34 12 - Livestock Market Percent 100 2 40 14 Number 86 17 2 27 18 - Grains Market Percent 100 2 31 21 Number 86 18 2 25 20 - Fruit Market Percent 100 2 29 23 Number 86 16 2 29 14 - Vegetable Market Percent 100 2 34 16 Number 86 20 2 16 22 - Govt. Procurement Centre Percent 100 2 19 26 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization 1.4.3 Utilization In addition to food availability and access, proper assimilation of food in the body is essential. Food utilization and stability depicts this absorption of food and its sustainability. Improved sanitation facility, clean drinking water, health infrastructure and individual health status along with female literacy play vital role in food absorption. According to Food Security Analysis (FSA) 2009, access to improved drinking water is extremely low in this district24.
22 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 23 Ibid 24 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad
FOOD SECURITY 16
Table 1.3-7: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water
Tando Water Delivery System Allahyar Tap Water Hand Pump Motor Pump Dug Well Other Total 9 67 21 0 3 Urban 28 18 48 0 6 Rural 2 87 10 0 1 Source: PSLM 2012-13 Sanitation conditions in district Tando Allahyar are relatively poor where only 46% of the households use flush toilets and 38% of the households have non-flush toilets. The sanitation facility is comparatively worse in rural areas of the district and the female literacy rate is 46% only. Table 1.3-8: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet
Flush Non-Flush No Toilet Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 91 16 38 8 79 59 1 5 4 Source: PSLM 2012-13 In a nutshell, this district has sufficient availability of food, poor socio-economic access; and relatively poor food utilization environment. Combining all the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability; district Tando Allahyar is at the borderline of food security.
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 17
1.5 Health and Immunization 1.5.1 Health Facilities The total number of public sector health facilities in district Tando Allahyar is 3525. There is no District Headquarter hospital and only one tehsil headquarter hospital with a capacity of 26 beds. These health facilities are sufficient for only 26% of the estimated 2014 population of the district26. Table 1.5.1 shows the details of these health facilities. Table 1.3-9: Number of Health Facilities by Type
Type Number Bed Strength Teaching Hospitals 0 0 District headquarter hospital 0 0 Tehsil headquarter hospital 1 26 Rural health centres 2 10 Basic Health units 13 28 Govt. Rural Dispensaries 17 - MCH centres 2 - Sub health centres 0 - Grand Total 35 64 Source: Health Facility Assessment, Tando Allahyar 2012, Annex 1, Table 2.1 1.5.2 Immunization Immunization coverage estimates are used to monitor immunization services, and to guide disease eradication and 60 50 elimination efforts. This indicator is the measure of the 40 30 Urban percentage of children of age 12-23 months, who have 20 Rural received all the doses of BCG vaccine, three doses of polio & 10 0 Total
pentavalent vaccines and 1 dose of measles vaccine in a BCG DPT1 DPT2 DPT3 POLIO1 POLIO2 POLIO3
given year. MEASLES In district Tando Allahyar, around 51% pregnant women have received tetanus toxoid injections. In urban areas this percentage is 77% and in rural areas it is 43%27. Record based28 immunization data of district Tando Allahyar shows that 38% (Male 40%: Female 37%) of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization. In the urban areas this percentage is 55 percent (Male 61%: Female 51%) and in the rural areas it is 32% (Male 32%: Female 32%). The corresponding graph shows the percentage of children of 12-23 months that have been immunized by the type of Antigen based on records29.
25 Health Facility Assessment 2012 (HFA) by Technical Resource Facility (TRF) http://115.186.137.115/reports/hfa/sindh/HFA-Tando Allahyar 26 WHO Standard is 2 health facilities and 25 beds per 10,000 people. 27 Table 3.11, Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2012-2013 28 Table 3.4 (b) Based on record: Children who reported having received full immunization who also have an immunization card, expressed as a percentage of all children aged 12-23 months. Also immunizations to be classed as fully immunized a child must have received: ‘BCG’, ‘DPT1’, ‘DPT2’, ‘DPT3’, ‘Polio1’, ‘Polio2’ 29 Table 3.5: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2010-2011
HEALTH AND IMMUNIZATION 18
Nepal Nepal 26 0914 26 WGS1984 Kilometers China 10 Aksai Chin China/India http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir DisputedTerritory Jammu and Kashmir (India) AJK Gilgit - Baltistan Tajikistan Punjab Islamabad KhyberPakhtunkhwa FATA 5 Pakistan Sindh Uzbekistan part of theAlhasan iMMAP, Systems, or District District Boundary Provincial Boundary International Boundary Road_Network_Badin River Indus Balochistan Settlement GENERAL HOSPITALS BASIC HEALTH UNIT RURAL HEALTH CENTER MATERNITY HOME CHILDREN HOSPITAL DISPENSARY HOMEOPATHIC GENERAL PHYSICIAN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE MEDICAL STORES Afghanistan iMMAP_Pakistan_Tando AllahyarHealth iMMAP_Pakistan_Tando Facilities Map_A4L_140926 Arabian Sea ! 0 G | Æ P Æ P Æ P Æ P Æ P Turkmenistan Legend Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Oman Map Map data source(s): Alhasan Pvt Limted (AdminBoundaries,Education, Road Network & Health Facilities), National Geo Spatial Agency USAID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, (Settlements),PCO(Road Network) Disclaimers: city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the The The designations employed and the presentation of material delimitationof its frontiers or boundaries. on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the Oman Iran (Islamic Republic of) Oman Turkmenistan SANGHAR
5: Health Facility Map UMERKOT T. AYAR T. TANDO ALLAHYAR MIRPURKHAS MARI JHANDO SANGHAR BADIN Date(September 2014) SANGHAR Tando Allahyar Health FacilitiesMap CHAMBER MARI JHANDO
T. AYAR T.
Sindh- TANDO ALLAHYAR T. M T. KHAN SANGHAR MATIARI HYDERABAD DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 19
1.6 Education
1.6.1 Highlights
Literacy Rate (10 years and above) 47% Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 46% GPI Primary 0.59 GPI Middle 0.74 GPI Secondary 0.37 GPI Higher Secondary 1.31 Population that has ever attended School 46% Male 59% Female 33% Population that has completed primary level or higher 36% Male 46% Female 26% Student Teacher Ratio 36 Primary 35 Middle 36 Secondary 32 Higher Secondary 60 Source: District Education Tando Allahyar 2012-13, Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio The education status is relatively poor in district Tando Allahyar. The overall literacy rate (for the population of 10 years and above) is 47%; for male it is 63 and for female it is 31%. For the urban rural comparison, urban literacy rate is higher than the rural, which is 67% (male: 77% and female: 57%); whereas the rural literacy rate is 38 % (male: 57% and female: 19%). Adult literacy rate (for the population of 15 years and above) is 46 %. Gross Enrollment Rate30 (GER) at the primary level in Tando Allahyar is 68% (Male: 74%, Female: 60%), in urban community it is 102% (Male: 104%, Female: 99%) and in rural community it is 59% (Male: 67%, Female: 47%). Net Enrollment rate31 (NER) at the primary level in district Tando Allahyar is 41% (Male: 43%, Female: 38%), in urban community it is 60% (Male: 55%, Female: 65%) and in rural community it is 32% (Male: 45%, Female: 21%). Table 1.6.1 shows details of Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Rural, Urban and Gender at different levels.
30 Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. 31 Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population.
EDUCATION 20
Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels
Urban/ Rural/ Gross Enrolment Rates Net Enrolment Rates Gender Middle Matric Primary Middle Matric District Primary Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Male 104% 71% 81% 55% 24% 18% Urban Female 99% 70% 75% 65% 34% 19% Total 102% 71% 78% 60% 29% 19% Male 67% 45% 45% 41% 12% 3% Rural Female 47% 21% 10% 29% 9% 2% Total 59% 32% 29% 36% 10% 3% Male 74% 53% 55% 43% 16% 7% Total Female 60% 36% 33% 38% 17% 8% Total 68% 44% 44% 41% 16% 8% Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details The total enrollment of students in government schools of district Tando Allahyar is 68,085 (Male: 42,453 and Female: 25,632). Out of a total of 1,879 teachers, 1,473 are male and 406 are female teachers. This illustrates that one teacher is teaching averagely 36 students. The total boys’ schools of District Tando Allahyar are 80, and the total female schools are 111. Besides, there are 636 mixed gender schools. Thus, the total number of schools is 827 and averagely every school has an enrolment of 82 students and a teaching staff of around 232. Primary Total numbers of primary level schools, that are reported, is 750. Total enrollment at the primary level is 48,887 (Male: 30,789 and Female: 18,098). Total number of teachers, at the primary level, is 1,390, out of which 1,079 are male and 311 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each primary school has an enrolment of 65 students with a teaching staff of 2. However, the student class ratio is 33 and each school has averagely around 2 classrooms. Middle There are a total of 42 middle schools reported. Total enrollment, at the middle, level is 2,535 (Boys: 1,461 and Girls: 1,074). The total number of teachers at the middle level is 70, out of which 51 are male teachers and 19 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each middle school has an enrolment of 60 students with a teaching staff of 2. However, the student class ratio is 20 and each school has averagely around 3 classrooms. Matric There are a total of 30 secondary schools. Total enrollment at the secondary level is 9,978 (Boys: 7,305 and Boys: 2,673). The total number of teachers at the secondary level is 308, out of which male teachers are 280 and female teachers are 28. Thus, on an average, each secondary school has an enrolment of 333 students with a teaching staff of 10. However, the student class ratio is 49 and each school has averagely around 7 classrooms.
32 District Education Profile Tando Allahyar 2012-13.
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 21
Higher Secondary There are a total of 5 higher secondary schools in the district. Total enrollment at the higher secondary level is 6,685 (Boys: 2,898 and Girls: 3,787). The total number of teachers at the higher secondary level is 111, out of which 63 are male teachers and 48 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school has an enrolment of 1,337 students with a teaching staff of 22. However, the student class ratio is 94 and each school has averagely around 14 class rooms. Table 1.6-2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender33
Enrolment School Facilities Teachers Level Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Mixed Total Male Female Total Primary 30,789 18,098 48,887 65 95 590 750 1,079 311 1,390 Middle 1,461 1,074 2,535 6 8 28 42 51 19 70 Secondary 7,305 2,673 9,978 8 6 16 30 280 28 308 Higher Secondary 2,898 3,787 6,685 1 2 2 5 63 48 111 Total 42,453 25,632 68,085 80 111 636 827 1,473 406 1,879 Source: District Education Profile Tando Allahyar 2012-13
33 District Education Profile Tando Allahyar 2012-13.
EDUCATION 22
Nepal Nepal 26 09 14 WGS 1984 Kilometers China 10 Aksai Chin China/India http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir DisputedTerritory Jammu andKashmir (India) AJK Gilgit Baltistan- Tajikistan Punjab Islamabad Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA 5 Pakistan Sindh Uzbekistan Tehsil Boundary Tehsil River Indus District Boundary Provincial Boundary International Boundary Road NetworkRoad PRIMARY MIDDLE HIGHER SECONDARY HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE COACHING CENTRE Balochistan Afghanistan erning the legal status of any country, territory, Arabian Sea 0 iMMAP_Pakistan_TandoAllahyar Education Facilities Map_A4L_140926 | " ! . å å å k Turkmenistan Legend Map DocName: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Oman Map datasource(s): Alhasan Pvt Limited (Admin Boundaries,Education, Road Network), National GeoSpatial Agency (Settlements), Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material USAID conc city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, or Oman Iran (Islamic Republic of) Oman " Turkmenistan å " " " " " " " å å å å " " " " å " " " ! . " SANGHAR " " " å " " " " " " å " å " " "
6 "
: Education Facility Map " å " " " " " " " " " å å UMERKOT " " " å " å " " " " T. AYAR T. TANDO " ALLAHYAR " " " " å " MARI å " " å å JHANDO k å ! . å ! . MIRPURKHAS " " " " SANGHAR " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " " " " " " " " " å MARI " " " " " JHANDO " BADIN " " " " "" " å " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " å " " å " " " " " " " å " å " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å å å " " " " " " " å " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " å " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " å " " " " " " " " " " " Date (SeptemberDate 2014) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " SANGHAR " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " å " " å " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " CHAMBER å " " " " " " " " " " " " å " " " å " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " MARI " " " å " " " " " " " " å JHANDO å " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " " T. AYAR T. " " " " " " å " " " " å " " " " " " " å " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " å " " " " " " " " å Sindh- TandoAllahyar Education Facilities Map " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å å å " å " å " " " " " " å å " " ! . " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å " " å " " " "" " " " " å " å " " " " " " " "" " " " å " " å " " " " å å å " " " " " " " " " å " TANDO å å å " " " " " " å " " " " " å " " ALLAHYAR """ " " å " " " " " " " " " " " å " " " " " å "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å å " " " " " å " " å " å " å " å å " å " " å " å å " ! . å " k å " ! . " " " " "" " " " " " " å " " " " " " " T. M T. " " " " " " " " " " " KHAN " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " SANGHAR " " " " " " " " " " " " " " å å " " " " MATIARI " " " " " HYDERABAD DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 23
2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in District
2.1.1 Disaster History District Tando Allahyar is vulnerable to heavy rainfall. It was severely hit by 2011 and 2012 rains/floods. The relative severity of floods was ranked as medium in district Tando Allahyar. River Indus, after receiving water from five of its tributary rivers, causes floods in the northern and southern parts of Sindh province. The upper region of Sindh Province comprises of the districts of Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Kashmore, Larkana and Kamber Shahdadkot on the right bank of River Indus and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Naushahroferoze and Shaheed Benazirabad on the left bank of River Indus. These districts on the right and left banks of River Indus are prone to severe threat when River Indus is in high flood. The districts in the lower Sindh, prone to riverine flooding, include Dadu, Jamshoro and Thatta on the right bank of River Indus and Tando Muhammad Khan, Matiari and Hyderabad on the left bank of the river. The length of River Indus along the province is 750 kms long. Vulnerable points of the district are Tando Allahyar I Tando Allahyar II, Tando Allahyar III, Tando Allahyar III, Tando Allahyar IV, Shaikh Moosa, Pak Sanghar, Dhingano Bozdar, , Chamber I, Chamber II, Dad Khan Jarwar, Began Jarwar, Sanjar Chang, hando Mari, Mirabad, Pyaro Lund, Dasori, Tando Soomro and Tando Soomro. 2.1.1 Impact of Disaster on Demography As mentioned above, Tando Allahyar was severely hit by rains/floods in 2011, though, the district falls under the category of medium risk districts as declared by PDMA Sindh34. In 2011 rains/floods, 1,609 villages/settlements of 19 union councils in 3 talukas were affected. A population of 569,829 persons was affected and there were 3 casualties and 5 injuries. In total, 70,163 houses were damaged. The district was completely inundated and 66 percent of the sown area was affected. The 2012 rains caused one casualty in the district. Table 2.1-1: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods 2011
Attribute Figure 2011 Source Total Households 2010 110,574 Estimated Affected Households 98,246 Contingency Plan 2012 Total UCs 19 UC Affected 19 UN -OCHA Total Villages 2,430 Villages/Settlements Affected 1,609 Contingency Plan 2012 Total Houses Affected 70,163 Contingency Plan 2012 Partially Damaged 64,132 PDMA Sindh Destroyed 6,031 Total Population 641,330 Estimated
34 Flood 2010, Disaster Management Apparatus in Sindh
DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 24
Attribute Figure 2011 Source Affected Population 569,829 Deaths 3 PDMA Sindh Injuries 5 Total Area 369,685 UN-OCHA Total Affected Area 369,685 Area Sown 123,654 FAO Crop Area Affected 81,645
2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture Along with the demographic loss due to floods 2011, the loss to agriculture sector exacerbated the sources of livelihood for the people of this district. The following table shows the loss to agriculture sector of this district. Table 2.1-2: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011
Major Crops Area Area sown (Acre) 58,936 Cotton Area Damaged (Acre) 53,632 % 91% Area sown (Acre) 250 Rice Area Damaged (Acre) 147 % 59% Area sown (Acre) 46,166 Sugarcane Area Damaged (Acre) 11,541 % 25% Area sown (Acre) 18,303 Other Area Damaged (Acre) 16,325 % 89% Total Area Sown 123,654 Total Area Damaged 81,645 Source: Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) As given in the table above, 91% of the cotton crop was damaged along with 59% of the rice crop, 25% sugarcane and 89% of other crops. 179 livestock heads died due to the floods35. 2.1.3 Analysis of Food Security Situation As established in the previous section, district Tando Allahyar is on the borderline of food insecurity. Floods of 2011 worsened the existing situation of the population. Thus the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability showed dismal situation in this district. Since district Tando Allahyar is agro-based, majority of the households are engaged in agriculture farming and livestock rearing activities and the rest depend on non-agriculture activities/casual labour etc. Among these three types of the households, empirical studies have shown that poverty is relatively higher in the non-agriculture households, followed by livestock
35 Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 25 households and small farmers36. It has been stated in the previous section that many individuals of this flood affected district have lost their homes (70,163 houses were damaged), their crops (86.9% crop area damaged) and heads of livestock (179 livestock died). Due to a weak industrial base, the sources of income of households, situated in this severely affected district, are less diversified, with their heavy dependence on agriculture, livestock and casual labour. All the social indicators i.e. large household size, poor literacy level, higher mortality rate and inadequate infrastructure with poor access to education and health facilities show a higher level of poverty and deprivation in this district. Through the destruction of roads, transport and market infrastructure, the floods had a significant negative impact on the commodity market. As a result, the functioning capacity of the markets (transporters, processors, wholesalers and retailers) was decreased with upward movement of transaction costs and shortage of food commodities. This phenomenon hindered the socio-economic access to food in the district37. The losses to crops and livestock along with the poor functioning capacity of the market significantly reduced the expected income of the population of this district. Thus the floods and rains affected people of the district Tando Allahyar had to face a number of key challenges to recover their livelihood, agriculture and livestock; directly affecting the food security situation. 2.1.4 Impact of Disaster on Health The Floods, caused by heavy rains in 2011, resulted in damage to the public health infrastructure in Sindh Province. Basic health units and rural health centres suffered the most damage. According to the Civil Society Floods Situation Report 2011, 6 BHUs were damaged in district Tando Allahyar that is 43% of the total number of BHUs in the district. However, as per data collected, the flood affected health facilities in the district had adequate stocks of medicines, equipment and other consumables for one to two weeks. The table below shows the availability of medicines and other items’ stock, during the floods of 2011, in district Tando Allahyar38. Table 2.1-3: Availability stock of Medicine, Equipment, Consumables and Vaccines
Availability of stock Availability of stocks of Stock available Stock available District Medicines/Equipment’s and Vaccines/Injections & for for Consumables Equipment Tando Allahyar Sufficient 2 weeks Sufficient 4 weeks Source: PACF-Pakistan
36 Arif, et al (2010), “The 2010 Flood and Poverty in Pakistan: A Preliminary District-level Analysis”, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Background Paper for Conference on the " The Environments of the Poor”, 24-26 Nov. 2010, New Delhi 37 Ibid 38 Civil Society Flood Situation Report , Prepared and Released by People Accountability Commission on Floods (PACF) http://www.pacf- pakistan.org/Civil_Society_Flood_Situation_Report/9th%20CSFSR_Concern%20voiced%20over%20deteriorating%2 0health%20of%20rain%20victims.pdf
DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 26
The WHO also reported that after 2011 floods there was a serious need to address health issues in the district. The following recommendations were made:39 Enhance routine immunization because a large number of vaccine preventable diseases are reported from the district (Pertussis 12 cases, NNT one case and Measles 45 cases) this year. Provide Round the clock facility of MCH and RH services especially at district, taluka and RHC level. Establishment of roper dengue ward Rapid response team by health department Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) center at DHQ Tando Allahyar 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Education School facilities were also adversely affected in this district as 78 schools were damaged due to floods 201140.
39 http://pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=MbRDrXwGfGg%3D&tabid=93&mid=722 40 District Profile Tando Allahyar April 2012, UNOCHA/ Sindh-EMIS Reform c Unit, Department of Education and Literacy, Government of Sindh.
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 27
China WGS84 Kilometers DisputedTerritory IndianAdministered Partof Jammu & Kashmir Gilgit Sept 29, 2014 12 India Baltistan Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Khyber Capital Federal Territory Pakhtunkhwa Punjab pression of any opinion FATA 6 Sindh imply the ex 3 iMMAP_PAK_TAY RiskAnalysis Map_v02_290914 Balochistan Afghanistan Settlements at risk Roads Railway Indus River Branch Distry Minor Districtboundary boundary Taluka Very HighRisk High Risk Medium Risk Low Risk | 0 Arabian Sea Arabian Sea Legend Irrigation System Flood RiskAnalysis whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, AlhasanUSAID Systems, concerning or the legal status city or of area or of any its authorities, country, or concerning territory, the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Map datasource(s): AlhasanSystems Private Limited:Admin boundaries, WFP: Roads, Railway, National GeospetialAgency (NGA):Settlements Sindh Irrigation Irrigation and System Drainage MODIS: Authority Maximum Flood Extent (SIDA): ASTER G-DEM: Rivers, Digital Elevation Model Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentationon of material this map do not Iran Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources:
7: Risk Analysis Map
r
o
n
i
M
g
n
ha C M i r p u r k h a s
r M i r p u r k h a s
o
n
i B a d i n B a d i n M Pir Sakhi I Minor r
a r
j o
i n
C
i h
u c h B M II
r
o
n
i
M
i
h
d
n a
Mel Minor L
y r Moriani Minor t s
i Bulghi Distry Bulghi D Ta n d o
i Ta n d o r
r o
r o
o A l l a h Y a r n
n A l l a h Y a r i
i o
M
i
r M N y
a r i
h r
t Gharib Distry
a CHAMBER o
n s
i o
r h
o
S Landhi Minor-I k
D n Min i h a Ke r I Me I -
o r
Hadeki Distry m
o
o
S Nagnah Distry
o
d
n MARI y a tr T
is JHANDO
ti D
ho
r
k o
n
i i
M Raj Pari Minor Pari Raj
i
a r u
s h a s D
a r
o
r M o
n TANDO i M n w e N i
I Zour Minor
I
- M
ALLAH YAR ALLAH
r Shaikh Moosa Minor Moosa Shaikh
o o n n r i Chakar Distry a o h in M
T M o -II n
r a K h a n a s K h a n Ta n d o
y e Ta n d o Naseer Branch h Kh lla A do
n M u h a m m a d Ta M u h a m m a d
h r c
S a n g h a r o n S a n g h a r
n a
i r
September,2014
B M
r
u z
p a y j
r r t a f
Khokhar Minor
r
is T a D r S a
h
p Kunhar II Minor
TandoAllahyar RiskAnalysis Map
m
u
h
B
l
a
n
a
C i r h o R Sindh - M a t i a r i M a t i a r i h a W m ra A k
l a n li C a hulle P d r Ol e
v
i R H y d e r a b a d
H y d e r a b a d
s
u
d
n I h c n a r B li le u h P
pper r U
J a m s h o r o e J a m s h o r o ed e .F .B K T h a t t a T h a t t a DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 28
WGS84 China Kilometers DisputedTerritory IndianAdministered 12 Partof Jammu & Kashmir India Gilgit Baltistan Azad Kashmir September 28, 2014 http://www.immap.org Khyber Pakhtunkhwa pression of any opinion Punjab FATA 6 Sindh t t imply the ex 3 Balochistan iMMAP_PAK_TAY Safe Location Map_v02_280914 Posible Safe Settlements Roads Railway Branch Distry Minor Canals IndusRiver Posible Safe locations MaximumFlood Risk(2010-13) Districtboundary boundaryTaluka Afghanistan | 0 Arabian Sea Arabian Sea whatsoever on the part of theUSAID iMMAP, Alhasan concerning Systems, the legalor city status or area orof of its anyauthorities, country,or concerningterritory, ofthe its frontiers delimitation orboundaries. Map datasource(s): AlhasanSystems Private Limited:Admin boundaries, National GeospatialAgency: Settlements WFP: Roads,Railway Sindh Irrigation andIrrigation System Drainage AuthorityMODIS: Maximum Flood Extent (SIDA) : ASTER G-DEM: Rivers,Digital Elevation Model Disclaimers: The designations employed and the on presentation thisof material map do no Iran Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Legend Irrigation System
8: Possible Safe Locations Map
M i r p u r k h a s M i r p u r k h a s
r
o
n i
M
g
n
a
h C
r
o
n
i B a d i n B a d i n M Pir Sakhi I Minor r
a r
j o
i
n
C
i
h u c h B M II
r
o
n
i
M
i
h
d
n a
Mel Minor L
y r Moriani Minor t
is Bulghi Distry Bulghi D i
r Ta n d o
Ta n d o r
r o o o
n
i o n
M i
i A l l a h Y a r
r N y A l l a h Y a r
a r M
h t Gharib Distry i
a CHAMBER r
n s
i o o
r
o
S Landhi Minor-I h
D k
Min i h n Ke I ra I Me -
o r
Hadeki Distry m
o
o
S Nagnah Distry
o
d
n
y MARI tr a is T
D JHANDO
oti
ikh
a r
o y n
h i
Raj Pari Minor Pari Raj
M r i
s r u t s
a a s D i
M r
o r D
o
September,2014 n TANDO i M n w e r N i
I Zour Minor
I a -
M k
ALLAH YAR ALLAH r
a Shaikh Moosa Minor Moosa Shaikh
o o
h
n n i r C a o h in M
T M o -II n r sa ya e Naseer Branch h Kh lla A do K h a n
n K h a n
a Ta n d o T Ta n d o
h r c
TandoAllahyar PossibleSafe Locations Map o n
n a
i r M u h a m m a d
M u h a m m a d
B M
r
u z
p a
y j
r
S a n g h a r r S a n g h a r t a f
Khokhar Minor
r
is T a D r S a
h
p Kunhar II Minor
m
u
h B Sindh - Rohri Canal
M a t i a r i
M a t i a r i MIRPURKHAS ROAD MIRPURKHAS
H y d e r a b a d H y d e r a b a d ainl Highway National Phuleli Branch
r Akram Wah AD e RO
v i AN R KH
d MAD a Old Phulleli Canal
r HAM
e o U r M
us v i DO R i N r A s i T
p
nd u I Possible safe locations are based on maximum flood extents in recent Flood extents are 4derived from MODIS imagery years (2010-2013). through GIS models. These possible safe verification wouldbe required. locations are based onmodelling andthe actual d situation in the field may differ, therefore field a n r I k
a J a m s h o r o J a m s h o r o b
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 29
3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Prior to analyzing existing hazards; vulnerability to hazards and capacity to cope with the same of the district and its population needs to be understood. An explanation of the terms used is given under each heading, as follows: 3.1.1 Hazard A hazard is a situation which triggers disaster. But it can be also defined as: “A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the Loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”41 A hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. Hazards can be divided into two categories.
Natural Hazard Natural hazards are natural processes or phenomena within the earth system that may constitute a damaging event. For example typhoons, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption cyclones, earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms are natural hazards.
Man-made Hazard Any industrial, nuclear, or transportation accident, explosion, power failure, resource shortage, or other condition, resulting from man-made causes, which threaten or cause damage to property, human suffering, hardship or loss of life constitute ‘Man-made Hazard. Hazard matrix of District42 Area affected/union Hazard Frequency Severity/Force Year councils Heavy rains monsoon Entire district Medium 2011,2012 Epidemics Seasonal -do- Low Every year Earthquakes Rare -do- Low 2013 Transport accidents Frequent -do- Low Every year
3.1.2 Vulnerability Vulnerability is a situation, which is: “The attributes and circumstances of a community or system that makes it sensitive, vulnerable or susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard43”
41 “Urban Governance and Community Resilience Guides”, (2010), Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 42 Disaster Risk Management Plan , District Tando Allahyar Government of Sindh (2008)
HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 30
Vulnerability precedes disasters, contribute to their severity, hinder and obstruct the disaster response. It is divided into three parts:
Physical/Material Vulnerability Weakness of the built environment and lack of access to physical and material resources i.e. living in hazard prone areas or in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insurance and assets constitutes physical/material vulnerability.
Social/Organizational Vulnerability Social/Organizational Vulnerability refers to inequality in social systems that discriminate against and marginalize certain groups of people from accessing resources and services. People who have been marginalized in social, economic or political terms are vulnerable to disasters. Weakness in social and organizational areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep division can lead to conflict and war. Conflict over resources due to poverty can also lead to violence.
Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability Existence of fatalistic myths and religious beliefs influence people’s vulnerability to disaster risks. If people believe that disasters are ‘acts of God’ and if they have low confidence in their ability to affect change or have ‘lost heart’ and feel defeated by events they cannot control, these people are often harder hit by disasters.
43 Participant’s Course Workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 31
Vulnerability Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Tando Allahyar is a newly created district. According to 1998 census, total population of the talukas that District Tando Allahyar is vulnerable formed this district was 514,752, to heavy rainfalls and floods. In After the floods, a Sense of while for the year 2014 the 2011 rains/floods, 1,609 dependency was found in most of estimated population is 685,598. villages/settlements of 19 union the people of the affected areas. In The district has an estimated growth councils in 3 talukas were affected. most cases, after the floods, people rate of 1.8544% per annum, which A population of 569,829 persons didn’t bother themselves to means that the population will was affected and there were 3 construct damaged boundary walls double itself in 37.84 years45 from casualties and 5 injuries. In total, of their houses because they 1998. Such rapid growth in 70,163 houses were damaged. In wanted it to be constructed by the population gives birth to many 2012, according to the NDMA one NGOs, free of cost. socio-economic problems and death occurred due to rain. makes the area vulnerable to different natural and made-made hazards. Most settlements of the district are District Tando Allahyar is rural by its vulnerable that they can’t cope with characteristics like majority of the Lack of awareness concerning hazards like heavy rains and other districts in Sindh. 78 per cent disasters risks further escalates earthquakes. Most houses of the of the population resides in rural peoples’ risks e.g., after heavy rains district are made of mud or low area as compared to the 22 per cent when people didn’t find fresh water standard materials, which make that resides in the urban areas. Most for drinking, they started drinking them vulnerable against heavy people in rural areas lack job contaminated water without rains/floods and earthquakes. Such opportunities, health and boiling, which exposed them to vulnerabilities when face these educational facilities, which many waterborne diseases. hazards create a disastrous escalates their risk against different situation. hazards. [floods, rains etc.] The fertile agricultural land of Dependent population (the Tando Allahyar was badly damaged population that is less than 15 years by heavy rains of Sep, 2011. These and more than 65 years of age In relief distribution, marginalized rains inundated and affected about including widows and divorced groups such as women, children and 66 per cent of the sown area of the women) in the case of Tando disabled suffer a lot. They are district. Farmers received heavy Allahyar district is 48 per cent of the unable to compete with the rest for damages due these rains and faced total population and the working NFIs and other relief items because financial crises. This situation population is 52 per cent, which they are the weakest in the crowd. further escalated their shows that dependency ratio46 in vulnerabilities against future the district is 92 per cent, which is disasters. very high. Community infrastructure of the The education status is quite poor in People of the district didn’t take district is in a vulnerable state Tando Allahyar. The overall illiteracy much interest in disaster risk because heavy rains of 2011 and rate (for the population of 10 years management because they had 2012 have badly damaged them. and above) is 54%; for male it is 37 rarely suffered from disasters in These rains damaged a number of and for female it is 69 %, while Adult recent history. But recent rains have
3UNOCHAD/UNDP, Pakistan Floods 2011, Tando Allahyar, April 2012 (Feb,2013) 4Population Welfare Department Sindh http://www.pwdsindh.gov.pk/districts/T.A%20Yaar.htm accessed on 13/02/2013 45 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm 46 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years
HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 32
schools, roads, bridges and illiteracy rate (15 years and above) is given them a wakeup call to be markets. Though these schools are 54 %. For the urban rural ready for any kind of disasters. declared vulnerable, still people comparison, rural illiteracy rate is sent their children to these schools. higher than the urban. Illiterate people cannot be easily mobilized and made aware of the different disasters’ risks. Sanitation conditions in district Tando Allahyar is not good in terms There is dearth of Community Based The general public is unaware and of using toilets, where only 38% of Disaster Risk Reduction CBDRM untrained on disaster risk the households47 use flush toilets. projects in the district. Focus of the management (DRM) and very rarely In rural areas just 16% households organizations is only towards relief seminars and workshops on DRM have flush toilet facility, while 59% side. are held to create awareness. have non flush toilets in the district. The District Disaster Risk Drainage and sewerage system of Management Plan (DDRMP) of the urban areas are not constructed Tando Allahyarhas not been properly and disaster risk reduction produced up till now by the District measures are not incorporated Disaster Management Authority. while such construction is carried These plans present brief analysis of out. Consequently even small hazards, vulnerabilities and amount of rain blocks the drains, capacities of the district, disaster which inundates the streets, houses history and action plan to overcome and markets. and mitigate these risks. The District’s Tehsil Governments Risk assessment is the process of lack resources like tractors, hazard identification, analysis and dewatering machines, which can be determination of appropriate ways used for dewatering the flooded to have control over these hazards. water. Stagnant water results in On the district level, there is a spread of malaria etc. Tractors can dearth of risk assessment of disaster be used to pick waste material and prone areas, by the local authorities. dump into far places. Heavy rains in 2011 resulted in damage to the public health infrastructure in Sindh Province. Most people in the district are poor Basic health units and rural health and a large number of people are centres suffered the most damage. unemployed. In most households According to the Civil Society Floods there is just one earning person with Situation Report 2011, 6 BHUs were so many dependents. damaged in district Tando Allahyar which is 43% of the total BHUs in the district.
3.1.3 Capacity Capacities are resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate or quickly recover from a disaster. The combination of all the strengths attributes and resources available within a
47 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) 2012-13
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 33 community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals constitute its capacity to cope with hazards48.
Physical/Material Capacity In most disasters, people suffer their greatest losses in the physical and material realm. Access to physical/material things or objects count as physical capacity. A few examples of physical and material resources are cash, food, land, properties and tools.
Social /Organizational Capacity When everything physical is destroyed, people still has their skills, experiences and knowledge; they have family and social networks. They have leaders and systems for making decisions. They also have local, collective ‘wisdom’ reflected in their cultural practices that help them reduce or cope with disaster risks.
Attitudinal/Motivational Capacity People also have positive attitudes and strong motivations such as the will to survive and willingness to help each other. Capacity Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Tando Allahyar is an agricultural The overall literacy rate50 (for the district and is famous for its population of 10 years and above) fertile land. It produces cash is 47%; for male it is 63 and for crops like sugarcane, wheat, female it is 31%, while Adult onion and cotton. Besides, Awareness sessions are held on literacy rate (15 years and above) is vegetables, fruits are also hygiene in the affected communities in 46 %. For the urban rural produced in the district. Mangoes order to prevent people from water comparison, urban literacy rate is are the most popular produce of borne diseases. higher than the rural. Literate this area. The total cultivated people can easily be mobilized and area of the district is 118,000 made aware of the different hectares in which the total crop disaster risks. area is 111,000 hectares49. The total number of government The District Disaster Management health facilities51 in district Tando Authority (DDMA) of Tando Some people in the affected Allahyar is 35. There is only one Allahyar is established in the DCO’s communities were found very hospital, two Rural health centres office on a temporary basis. The cooperative and friendly. They (RHCs), thirteen Basic Health DDMA formulates disaster plan for encouraged and welcomed the Units (BHUs), seventeen General the district and assigns roles and humanitarian organizations with open Dispensaries (GD) and two MCHs. responsibilities to the local district heart and also cooperated in the These health facilities provide departments. The DDMA damage need assessment after 2011 health services both in rural and coordinates with the District heavy rains disaster. urban areas of the district, not Coordination Office (DCO) in time only as a routine but also in of emergency and provide updates
48 Participant’s Course workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) 49 Development Statistics of Sindh, 2011, pp. 77-78 50 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) 2012-13 51 Health Facility Assessment, Tando Allahyar, June 2012
HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 34
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational extreme circumstances. on the prevalent situation. The Government of Sindh, with the assistance of the Asian The total number of schools in Development Bank, has established the district is 827. Out of which Sindh Devolved Social Services 750 are primary schools, 1is an Program (SDSSP)53. The goal of Female volunteers in the relief camps elementary school, 41 are middle SDSSP in health sector is to improve (established in 2011) provided good schools, 30 are secondary, and 5 people’s health. The activities services and facilitated females. They are higher secondary schools52. included under this program are showed good management skills and These school buildings are also improvement in maternal and child proved useful to their people. used as shelter and evacuation health care, improvement in centres in time of an emergency. immunization and availability of qualified medics and paramedics in the health institutions. The District consists of flat and Non-governmental organizations fertile lands. It has an efficient i.e., both local and international canal system, which ensures conduct relief activities during agriculture productivity. Naseer response and post disasters to help Canal runs through the district the affected people, to make them and irrigates almost whole of the able to stand on their own. These district with the help of several organizations include Sindh Rural branch canals and water courses. Support Program (SRSP), AHD, Branch canals of Khesana Canal Research and Development irrigate the western part of the Foundation (RDF), International district54. The total irrigated area Organization for Migration (IOM) of the district is 72,746 hectares and World Food Program (WFP) in which the canal irrigated area etc. is 48,117 hectares55. Forests help in protection of soil, improve environment by Community based organizations are controlling pollution and cause formed by the NGOs working in the rainfall. Total forest area of the affected areas to encourage the Sindh Province is 831,173.95 local representation. Active people hectares (2008-09) out of which from the community are part of district Tando Allahyar shares an these organizations, which facilitate area of 135.30 hectares56. The the humanitarian organization work increased protection of forests at the grass root level. could lead to a decrease in the severity of floods. The district is well-connected Pak army is an important with other districts through high stakeholder in relief and evacuation quality roads. The district activities. Jawans of Pak Army assist headquarters at Tando Allahyar is the affected communities directly
52 SINDH Education Management Information System (SEMIS), District Education Profile, Tando Allahyar,2012-13 53 Report on Tranche Condition D.(i), Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), (Feb,2013)
55 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), pp. 109 56 Ibid pp. 139
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 35
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational connected with other talukas. and help them in evacuation, by Total high type roads length is providing transport facilities. Army 303 kilometres in this district57. doctors provide medicines and These roads can be used as other health facilities to the evacuation point in flood disaster. affected people especially to Good roads are also helpful in children and women. carrying out relief activities.
57 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), pp. 250
SECTORAL DRR MITIGATION MEASURES 36
4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures 4.1.1 Education The NGOs (Basic Education and Employable Skill Trainings) should work on awareness building programs for encouraging enrolment in schools of Tando Allahyar, by incorporating teachers, students and youth in their community based programs. Increased enrolment would lead to enhanced literacy and literate people can easily be mobilized and made aware of the different disaster risks. NGOs (Basic Education and Employable Skill Trainings, Aga Khan Foundation Pakistan, Association for Better Community Development, Social Welfare Department etc) working in the education sector should organize community-based programs that provide girls with opportunities to develop their skills in district Tando Allahyar. Damaged schools should be repaired and reconstructed on priority basis with DRR principles in view. Government should introduce disaster risk reduction courses for teachers’ training and should add DRR in the curriculum to support large-scale awareness. Local Philanthropists should be encouraged to take initiative to raise an emergency fund for immediate repair of infrastructure, support to affected poor students and parents after any disaster. Government should introduce a ‘School Safety policy’ taking all locally relevant hazards into account and adopting DRR measure for the existing schools and construction of new schools. NGOs and other organizations working in the education sector should organize workshops to provide teachers with training on disaster preparedness and early warning signs. Education department of district Tando Allahyar should produce support materials linked with disaster risk reduction for teaching and learning. The Government and NGOs (Sustainable Development Initiatives, Society for Sustainable Development) should invest in DRR sector and should incorporate DRR measures in improving school buildings as these can be used as shelter and evacuation centres in case of emergency. Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures i.e., ensure their suitable location and construction while establishing new schools in order to avoid future hazard threats. NGOs should initiate the Disaster Education Programmes for the local communities, to increase their knowledge of prevailing natural hazards, and especially to increase their capacity to understand extreme events and preventive measures to be taken before, during and after disaster.
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 37
4.1.2 Infrastructure Awareness programs should be organized by the District Disaster Management Authority about the need of land use planning and building codes so that it can be followed by all the stakeholders, to avoid future threats. The Communication and Works department of Tando Allahyar should utilize the available funds on the maintenance of roads and find alternative routes that can be used in case of emergency. The Communication and works department of Tando Allahyar should incorporate disaster risk impact assessments as part of their planning process before the construction of new roads or bridges. Active people from the community can be used for disseminating early warning for the local endangered communities because people have lot of trust in informal and locally influential sources of information; e.g. a religious leaders, a teachers, an NGO worker or a local government official. But firstly these active people should also be trained on Early Warning System. Irrigation department of Tando Allahyar should carry out hydraulic studies so that flooding can be avoided and find out catchment areas and water courses for surface run off. DRR Planners, District and Provincial authorities should identify safe land and location for low income citizens who are living near the flood prone areas. Brick lining projects should be initiated by the government for strengthening the canals. Radio can be a very important part of early warning system but care should be taken while transmitting early warnings. It should be in clear words and confirmed through reliable sources to avoid false reports and unnecessary panic. Media in district Tando Allahyar should expand its role as a watchdog in monitoring and handling of donations in the post disaster phase so that the funds are given to the affected people of the district rather than self interest groups. Water Conservation projects should be initiated by the government for mitigating the future threats about freshwater shortages and increased demand. 4.1.3 Health NGOs (Aga Khan Health Service, Health and Nutrition Development Society, Association for Better Community Development etc) should encourage the community participation in the awareness sessions, programs and trainings, related to water treatment practices and hygiene practices which will capacitate the vulnerable communities of the area against the communicable diseases. Health department should take care of establishment of health facilities focused on certain population. All the health related issues should be dealt by them. But the responsibilities have to be identified. Health facilities should be located on higher grounds along or near good roads and adequate means of transportation readily accessible to the community.
SECTORAL DRR MITIGATION MEASURES 38
A logistic system should be put in place for determining the requirement of medicine, maintaining an inventory, storing and stocking, issuing and controlling the use of medicine, stockpile of emergency medicine and supplies, special arrangement with vendors and suppliers for emergency purchases in time of disaster. DDMA of district Tando Allahyar should assign the responsibilities of health department to ensure the availability of medical and paramedical personal in hospital, BHU’s, MCHC, and RHC’s. Moreover, mobile health teams should be mobilized so that the health facilitators can visit the local areas to provide basic health care especially for the vulnerable group such as people with disabilities, elderly persons, children, females and those who hesitate to go to the hospitals because of cultural constraint and long distance. Nutrition Stabilization centres for the pregnant and lactating women suffering from acute malnutrition should be established in each small and big hospital. 4.1.4 Livelihood Fodder stocks should be maintained by the livestock department of the district Tando Allahyar to cope with emergencies. Livestock owners should be encouraged to insure their cattle heads. Capacity can be built through awareness programs on livelihood diversification. NGO’s (Social Welfare Department, Association for Better Community Development etc) should organize the awareness sessions by incorporating active youth for mobilization of vulnerable communities and should promote some business through awareness building livelihood projects. Government and NGOs should promote effective insurance and credit schemes to compensate for crop damage and losses to livelihoods due to natural hazards in the district Provincial Government and NGOs should ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. flood prone areas) in district Tando Allahyar by promoting supplementary income generation from off-farm and non-farm activities.
4.1.5 Agriculture District Government should promote effective programs of contingency crop planning to deal with year to year climate variations. NGO’s should organize advocacy seminars, trainings and awareness sessions for improved agricultural practices by incorporating CBOs’ chairmen and presidents of as they have great influence over the community members. NGOs should promote effective programs of crop diversification including the use of hazard resistant crops, to deal with shifts in climate patterns. 4.1.6 Food Stockpiling of essential food items should be encouraged among the community through awareness programs.
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 39
Number of Food distribution point should be established in the emergency hit area and should be easily accessible to most of the needy population. For extremely vulnerable groups such as elderly persons, people with disabilities, female and children, separate desk and queues at food distribution point should be established so that they do not suffer difficulties in attaining food Civil administration should look after the availability of food. 4.1.7 Wash Innovative approaches are required to ensure the availability of low-cost, simple, and locally acceptable water and sanitation interventions. Integrating these approaches into existing social institutions such as schools, markets, and health facilities is required. Municipal workers should monitor the quality of water and should distribute chlorine tablets for water purification in order to avoid diseases like cholera, malaria and hepatitis etc. DRR measures should be incorporated in the construction of sewerage system in order to minimize the possibility of over flowing of sewage water in rainy days and to mitigate the hygiene issues. DDMA of district Tando Allahyar should ensure long term viability of sanitation facilities by arranging funds. Government should keep in view the need of children, women and disable people while planning, designing, implementing, and monitoring and management of sanitation service provision. NGOs in district Tando Allahyar should install raised hand pumps to maintain adequate access to water supplies in the event of a flood. Waste Water treatment projects should be initiated in district Tando Allahyar to avoid deterioration of aquatic environment. Access to water should be improved by installing additional water points. 4.1.8 Government and Humanitarian Sector Coordination among key stakeholders should be strengthened for the implementation of disaster risk reduction measures and effective emergency response through assignment of responsibility to each stakeholder. Stakeholders must have joint meetings to address the issues faced by them. The District Disaster Management Authority should launch appeals for assistance through media at the provincial and national level. NGOs should follow the bottom up approach for the initiation of any CBDRM project. The bottom-up approach implies that whole process should start at the community level. Community members should invite to participate in every step of the planning process. It will give a sense of ownership to the community who in turn constructively contribute to achieve project objectives. Moreover Tribal heads can facilitate the Government and NGOs in implementation of DRM projects.
SECTORAL DRR MITIGATION MEASURES 40
The District Disaster Management Authority of Tando Allahyar and NGOs should employ the requisite staff who have a combination of practical experience and up to date theoretical knowledge related to Disaster Management and Sustainable development (Disaster Managers, Rescue and Relief providers etc.), should stockpile equipment
(Boats, Jackets, medicine, food, dewatering machines, tractor, torches, ropes etc.) to build institutional capacity at the district level.
DISTRICT TANDO ALLAHYAR 41
5 Coordination and Support Services 5.1 Important Contacts
5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points S# Department Office In charge Designation Telephone Numbers Office Mobile 1 Administration Rashid Ahmed Zardari DCO 022- - 3892908/3822921 Muhtasum Abbasi ADC1 022-3892911 Dehran Mal ADC2 0222763172 0333-2710145 Muhammad Ibrahim Assistant commissioner 022-3890105 0300-9377631 Almani Zulfiqar Ali Khusk Assistant commissioner 022-3897471 0300-3440759 2 Police Jawaid Ahmed Baloch SSP 022-3892904 0333-2135690 3 Agriculture Nisar Ahmed Sheikh Additional Director Agriculture 0223891284 - 4 Health Dr. Waseem Sheikh District Health Officer 022-3892906 0300-9877354 5 Education Muhammad Ramzan District Education Officer 022-3892907 - Parihyar 6 Livestock Dr.Mahmood Deputy Director 0301-3524745 7 Social Welfare Khair Muhammad Daheri District Officer 0307-3344186 8 Wapda Farooq Rasheed XEN,HESCO 022-3891785 0301-2434695 9 Work &Services Muhammad Nawaz Otho Superintending engineer 022-3890882 0300-2621262 10 Irrigation Ikram Ullah XEN 022-9200033 0300-8377740 Source: DCO office Tando Allahyar 5.1.2 Emergency Response S.No Name or Organizations Office Contact 1 Edhi Ambulance 115 2 Electricity Complaint 118 3 Police Emergency 15 4 Telephone (Complaint) 1218 5 Telephone Enquiry 1217 6 Sui Gas Help line 1199 7 PIA Flight enquiry 114 8 TCS Courier 022-2763689
5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District Name Contact Association for Better Community Development 022-3667452/ 0306-3506609 Association for Human Development 022-3860880 Bhandar Hari Sangat 022-2652292 Community Initiatives for Development in Pakistan 0222-933344 CARITAS Pakistan 042-36315584/ 042-36315585 Health and Nutrition Development Society 021-34532804 Human Development Foundation 051-2111293-4 Helping Hand for Relief and Development 051-8438800/ 051-8438801 Indus Resource Centre 021-35822239 International Organization for Migration 051-2831061 Management Development Foundation 022-2652290/ 022-2670440
COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 42
Name Contact National Commission for Human Development 051-9216200 Plan International Pakistan 051-2609435-41/03002446687 Research and Development Foundation 022-2651728/ 022-2659219 Sindh Development Society 022-3668660 Sindh Rural Support Program 022-2654446/022-2655382 Shama Social Development Organization 022-3341133 Sachal Social Welfare Association 0333-2804135 Eco-Conservation Initiatives 051-4446362 Solidarity Equality Environment and Development Sindh 022-3341567 Strengthening Participatory Organization 051-2228681-4 Sukkar Blood and Drugs Donating Society 071 5615922/071-5615375 Source: www.himpakistan.pk 5.2 Health Facilities
5.2.1 List of health facilities in District Tando Allahyar List of health facilities are provided by WHO for 2010 District UC Type Tando Allahyar Shah Bhitai Hospital, Latifabad Hospital Tando Allahyar Mubarak Jarwar Dispensary Tando Allahyar Bukhera Sharif Basic Health Unit Chamber Kouro Daidano Basic Health Unit Chamber Naseer Khan Leghari Basic Health Unit Chamber Chamber Basic Health Unit Chamber Shadyun Walhar Basic Health Unit Chamber Sanjar Chang Basic Health Unit Jhando Mari Muhammad Sadique Memon Dispensary Jhando Mari Ghulam Hussain Lund Dispensary Jhando Mari Missan Wadi Rural Health Centre Jhando Mari Nasarpur Rural Health Centre Jhando Mari Ditto Kalro Basic Health Unit Jhando Mari Tando Soomro Basic Health Unit Jhando Mari Piyaro Lund Basic Health Unit Jhando Mari Shah Nawaz Muhajir Basic Health Unit Jhando Mari Allah Rakhio Pathan Basic Health Unit