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Deformational and Metamorphic History of Campobello 7.5-Minute

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Deformational and Metamorphic History of Campobello 7.5-Minute DEFORMATIONAL AND METAMORPHIC HISTORY OF CAMPOBELLO 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, TUGALOO TERRANE, INNER PIEDMONT, SOUTH CAROLINA CHAN SOO, Rhonda, WICKARD, Alyssa K., GARIHAN, John M., and RANSON, William A.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC, 29613; [email protected] SCGS I. Introduction The hornblende metagabbro body is Polyphase folding in Campobello VI. Summary surrounded by Tallulah Falls gneiss, but the quadrangle contacts of the body are not exposed. Based Campobello 7.5-minute quadrangle (CQ) is Campobello quadrangle has experienced • The metamorphic peak is in the sillimanite on limited field data we tentatively suggest located on the Six Mile thrust sheet within five generations of folding resulting in zone of the upper amphibolite facies for the the hornblende metagabbro lies in the core the Tugaloo terrane of the Inner Piedmont. polyphase deformation. The Motlow Creek rocks in Campobello quadrangle. Localized of an F synform (see cross section D-D’). Geologic mapping of fifteen 7.5-minute 2 F1 isocline outlined by the schist unit retrograde fluids along faults trending If true, it is probably a fairly thin intrusive quadrangles in the Western Inner Piedmont located in the northeast of CQ has been N50 E metamorphosed rocks to greenschist body. In addition, the hornblende of South Carolina by Furman University deformed by the macroscopic Campobello facies, leading to chlorite replacement of metagabbro outcrop area between the North and the South Carolina Geological Survey F2 synform. Other F2 folds are seen as tight amphiboles. and Holly Springs faults may be a horst. personnel (1995-2010) has investigated the chevron folds found in schist and have • Campobello quadrangle has experienced polyphase fold deformation, faulting, and deformed F1 aligned sillimanite needles, as multiple deformational events resulting evident from hooks that are visible in metamorphic history of the region. Our Pavement exposures of Tallulah Falls gneiss along highly faulted and polyphase deformed chevron folded schist. F macroscopic mapping traces these structures into CQ. Holston Creek, 2 km south of Campobello, SC. H E 3 geologic units. Small isoclinal fold in biotite gneiss, Lyman quarry. Abundant foliation and fold attitude data was inclined to overturned folds trend northwest • The fold chronology consists of five fold collected from similar exposures in streams across and warp F1 and F2 folds. This can be seen generations. F mesoscopic and the map area. View to the south. F – Inclined to overturned macroscopic 1 2 clearly in the Campobello synform (F2), macroscopic isoclinal folds, F inclined to and mesoscopic F folds deform earlier 2 Calcic Amphiboles 2 Mg-Fe-Mn-Li Amphiboles which is cross folded by F3 folds. F2 and F3 overturned mesoscopic chevrons and 2+ Diagram Parameters: (Ca >= 1.50; (Na + K) < 0.50) Diagram Parameters: (Ca + NaB) < 1.00; (Mg, Fe , Mn, Li)B >= 1.00; LiB < 1.00 B A Ca < 0.50 folds. Orthorhombic A Slabbed coarse-grained Photomicrograph (FOV together create Type-2 interference folding. 1.0 1.0 macroscopic folds, F3 gently inclined to tremolite hornblende metagabbro 2mm) of recrystallized The final two generations of folding are 0.8 0.8 overturned mesoscopic and macroscopic anthophyllite gedrite actinolite magnesiohornblende tschermakite hornblende metagabbro. ) ) specimen with relict 2+ 2+ 0.6 0.6 mesoscopic F4 and F5, two generations of igneous texture (?) cut Hornblende (H) folds, and F4 and F5 gentle folds. 0.4 0.4 Mg/(Mg +Fe Mg/(Mg + Fe gentle folding that appear 90° to each other ferroactinolite ferrohornblende ferrotschermakite by thin amphibolite surrounds epidote (E) • The faulting chronology is (oldest- ferroanthophyllite ferrogedrite 0.2 0.2 dikes (?) (left and right grains in the center of in stream pavements creating Type-1 youngest): northeast, northerly, northwest, 0.0 0.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 margins). the image. interference folding. Si in formula Si in formula and east-northeast to northerly faults. Amphibole plots identifying the type of amphibole • Dominant fault trends are N35º-40ºW and Silicified cataclastic rocks based on electron microprobe analyses. The Faults in Campobello quadrangle N55º-75ºE and faults are assumed to be West side of Little Mountain (Collins Mountain). Microbreccia, cataclasite, and syntaxial anthophyllite occurs in an amphibole quartz The chronology of faulting in CQ is vertical. This prominent ridge in southeast Campobello feldspar gneiss, the actinolite occurs in a calc- quartz veins (“comb quartz”) form narrow quadrangle has 60 m relief and is the highest peak in northeast (oldest), northerly, northwest, and silicate, and the magnesiohornblende was zones of outcrop, boulders, and resistant the area. View to the east. identified within a hornblende metagabbro. east-northeast to easterly faults. Dominant float. Discontinuous cataclastic rock bodies fault sets consist of older and shorter N35 - References up to 1.3 km in length and trending N 60°- 40 W striking faults and younger but longer Tallulah Falls Formation schist 70°E adjacent to the Pax Mountain Fault N55 -75 E striking faults. Garihan, J.M., Orlando, K.A, Preddy, M.S. (Neoproterozozic) have been traced across the entire Overturned F2 synform in interlayered biotite quartz- feldspar gneiss and amphibolite, Motlow Creek. and Ranson, W.A., 1990, Kinematic Interlayered schist and schistose muscovite- Campobello quadrangle. On a ridge 1.6 km Zones of microbreccia boulders lie along History of Mesozoic Faults in biotite gneiss. northeast of Liberty Church, two main Hammer lies on the gently dipping upright fold limb; to the right, layers abruptly bend and are overturned the Pax Mountain fault and trend N30 - Northwestern South Carolina and zones of outcrops and boulders of in the background at the narrow ledge crossing the 60 E, with individual sets trending N30 E, Adjacent North Carolina: South The original stratigraphic order of microbreccia and comb quartz are 10m and creek. F2 fold hinge plunges to the upper left at N40 -50 E, N55 E and N60 E. In an Carolina Geology, V. 33, No.1, p. 19- 30°/N59°E metamorphic units in CQ is obscured by 25m long. In general, linear cataclastic rock exposure of microbreccia in a roadside 32. polyphase folding and faulting. Schists bodies are a few meters long and up to 3m ditch at GPS location 387668/3883602, Garihan, J. M., and W. A. Ranson, 1992, F – Inclined to overturned macroscopic now lie structurally above the Tallulah Falls high. 3 near Morrow Road and less than 10m north Structure of the Mesozoic Marietta- Formation gneiss. Schist and gneiss in the and mesoscopic F3 folds deform earlier and View to the northeast across peach orchards and of the trace of the Pax Mountain fault, Tryon graben, South Carolina and F folds. rolling pasture land typical of northern Campobello map unit have either biotite or muscovite or 2 extensional veins up to 1ft long were adjacent North Carolina, in M. J. quadrangle. Blue Ridge Front visible in the distance. both present. Common lithologies include oriented N25 E 68 NW, N50 E 60 NW, Bartholomew, D. W. Hyndman, D. W. View to northeast. Each year, South Carolina grows F and F – Upright gentle folds. Not known garnet (up to 5 mm)-mica schist; mica 4 5 and N55 E 82 NW. Northeast of this Mogk, and R. Mason (editors), more than 200 million pounds of peaches. The state from macroscopic map patterns schist interlayered with pegmatite; fine- microbreccia exposure and still less than Basement Tectonics 8: is the No. 2 peach producer in the nation, behind crystalline, limonitic-stained and beige- California. Georgia is No. 3. 10m from the Pax Mountain fault, the Characterization and Comparison of weathered, leucocratic, muscovite- orientation of syntaxial veins was measured Ancient and Mesozoic Continental sillimanite schist with sheared quartz Microbreccia body 12 m wide of Pax Mountain fault zone and enclosing leucocratic biotite quartz- as N50 E, E-W, and N40 -70 E. Two Margins: Proceedings of the Eight lenses, 1-3mm thick and 0.5-2cm long; and feldspar gneiss is exposed along Rt. 176 in separate, north-trending syntaxial quartz International Conference on Basement a fine-crystalline, darker limonitic stained, Campobello, SC. View to northeast. veins (0.5-1 km long) lie 2 km northeast of Tectonics, Kluwer Academic muscovite schist. Gowensville. Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 539-555. II. Rock Type Garihan, J.M., Preddy, M.S., and Ranson, With a decrease in modal mica and an W.A., 1993, Summary of Mid- Tallulah Falls Formation gneiss increase in quartz and feldspar, schist Mesozoic Brittle Faulting in the Inner (Neoproterozoic) grades into gneiss. The gneiss varieties Piedmont and Nearby Charlotte Belt Interlayered biotite quartz feldspar gneiss, include muscovite-biotite-garnet-quartz of the Carolinas: CGS Fieldguide. hornblende quartz feldspar gneiss, gneiss, with garnet comprising up to 40% of Pavement of biotite quartz feldspar gneiss along Garihan, J.M, and Ranson, W.A., 2010, amphibolite, amphibole quartz feldspar the rock composition and muscovite-biotite- SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, EQUAL AREA STEREOPLOTS OF POLES TO FOLIATION. Geology and Hydrogeology of the Pax quartz-plagioclase (oligoclase) gneiss. Meadow Creek, displaying a Type I interference fold gneiss, calc-silicate gneiss, and garnet SURFACES ARE USED TO DETERMINE STATISTICAL FOLD HINGE ORIENTATIONS pattern due to polyphase deformation. The white Mountain / the Cliffs at Glassy / biotite quartz feldspar gneiss. The different (BETA) OF F AND F FOLDS tape measures mark the axial traces of two gentle Landrum area, Greenville and 2 3 synforms which trend northwest and northeast. Rose Diagram showing fault strike frequencies for rock types are interlayered within CQ. The Thin, criss-crossing microbreccia and “comb quartz” Spartanburg Counties, South Carolina, Q CQ gneiss unit underlies ca. 95% of the veins (striking N40 -80 E and N 18 W) are exposed 18th Annual David S.
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