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Spacestud Ie Sboardnews A p r i l — J u n e 2 0 1 4 Inside This Issue “Even with a flat budget, NASA will likely spend roughly $160 bil- lion on human space flight of the next 20 years—all of us who are part of the space policy community need to make sure that this substantial investment brings humanity closer to reaching Mars. “ —SSB Chair David Spergel From the Chair 2 SSB Membership 3 SSB Activities 4 The Board and Its Standing Committees 4 Study Committees 5 Other Activities 6 SSB Staff 6 New Releases 7 Congressional Testimony 7 Summary of a Congressional Hearing of Interest 10 Staff News 11 SSB Calendar 12 Selected Reports Available from the SSB 13 SPACE STUDIES BOARD NEWS WWW.NATIONALACADEMIES.ORG/SSB/ VOLUME 25, ISSUE 2 A p r i l — J u n e 2 0 1 4 S PACE S TUDIES B OARD N EWS From the Chair Under the leadership of Jonathan Are we making the best possible progress towards Mars? The Lunine and Mitch Daniels, the committee identified a number of potential problems with our Committee on Human Spaceflight has current path. The nation’s near-term goals for human exploration recently completed one of the most beyond Low Earth Orbit are not aligned with our traditional challenging studies undertaken by the international partners. The US program is focused on the Asteroid Space Studies Board and the Redirect Mission (ARM) while our Space Station partners are more Aeronautics and Space Engineering eager to go back to the Moon. ARM may not be the optimal Board. In “Pathways to Exploration – pathway towards developing the most critical technologies. The Rationales and Approaches for a US committee recommended that NASA adopt a “Pathway” approach Program of Human Exploration”, a that leads to a sustainable program that is less likely to be disrupted diverse committee of experts tackled by the inevitable technological failures and accidents along the way not only “how should humans explore and is less sensitive to the vagaries of politics and economics. In space?”, but the even more addition, the committee urged NASA to work with commercial and challenging question of “why should international partners in pursuit of the chosen pathway, while also humans explore space?” noting that the prohibition on NASA speaking to the Chinese space authorities limits our ability to work with an important potential Space exploration is a dangerous and expensive undertaking with partner. limited immediate return. What are the benefits provided to the US and other countries by space exploration? What would the nation Historically, one of the Space Studies Board’s most important tasks and the world lose if we abandoned human exploration? Through has been to conduct and then steward the decadal surveys that analyzing broad public surveys, white papers, Twitter have provided strategic direction for NASA’s science program. conversations, and surveys of stakeholders in different aspects of During my tenure as Space Studies Board chair, I believe that my civilian space, the committee identified a pair of enduring questions most important task is to continue this tradition. While the that motivate human space flight: How far from Earth can humans “Pathways to Exploration” is not a decadal survey, I hope that the go? and What can humans discover and achieve when we get there? SSB will play a role in stewarding this study. Even with a flat The committee then explored a range of rationales for human budget, NASA will likely spend roughly $160 billion on human space spaceflight ranging from the pragmatic (its economic, national flight over the next 20 years—all of us who are part of the space security, scientific exploration, international relations and policy community need to make sure that this substantial technology impacts) to the aspirational—the notion that space is investment brings humanity closer to reaching Mars. humanity’s future. While they did not identify a single rationale as the primary justification for space exploration and could not The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of the SSB or the National quantify the economic benefit of space exploration, they did Research Council. conclude that the mix of rationales motivates space exploration. My own personal hope is that the effort of striving towards Mars as a common goal for humanity will have important impacts on how we interact as nations and individuals on Earth. Mars is the clear horizon goal for human space exploration. Across Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches several administrations and multiple changes in political control of for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration the House, Senate and White House, there has been a broad consensus that NASA human spaceflight path should lead towards Mars. Nevertheless, progress towards this goal has been slow. As Download a free copy via the the committee details in its technical section, human exploration of Mars is a daunting, difficult and expensive task. A Mars mission will National Academies Press at require significant progress in advanced in-space propulsion and power, technologies for entry, descent and landing on Mars, and <http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18801> radiation safety. These challenges are all technically hard, but none are impossible. With a sustained and focused human spaceflight program, we can overcome these hurdles. PAGE 2 WWW.NATIONALACADEMIES.ORG/SSB/ VOLUME 25, ISSUE 2 APRIL—JUNE 2014 SSB MEMBERSHIP July 1, 2013—June 30, 2014 July 1, 2014—June 30, 2015 CHARLES F. KENNEL, Chair DAVID N. SPERGEL, Chair Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Princeton University University of California, San Diego JOHN KLINEBERG, Vice Chair JOHN KLINEBERG, Vice Chair former CEO of Swales Aerospace Former CEO of Swales Aerospace MARK R. ABBOTT MARK R. ABBOTT Oregon State University Oregon State University JAMES ANDERSON JAMES ANDERSON Harvard University Harvard University JAMES BAGIAN JAMES BAGIAN University of Michigan University of Michigan JEFF M. BINGHAM THOMAS R. GAVIN Consultant Jet Propulsion Laboratory PENELOPE J. BOSTON NEIL GEHRELS New Mexico Institute of Mining and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Technology SARAH GIBSON JOSEPH FULLER, JR National Center for Atmospheric Research Futron Corporation HEIDI B. HAMMEL THOMAS R. GAVIN AURA Jet Propulsion Laboratory RODERICK HEELIS NEIL GEHRELS The University of Texas NASA Goddard Space Flight Center JOSEPH S. HEZIR SARAH GIBSON EOP Group, Inc. National Center for Atmospheric Research WESLEY HUNTRESS RODERICK HEELIS Carnegie Institution of Washington The University of Texas ANTHONY C. JANETOS WESLEY HUNTRESS Boston University Carnegie Institution of Washington JOAN JOHNSON-FREESE ANTHONY C. JANETOS U.S. Naval War College Boston University JOSEPH FULLER, JR DAVA J. NEWMAN Futron Corporation Massachusetts Institute of Technology JOHN F. MUSTARD SAUL PERLMUTTER Brown University Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory DAVA J. NEWMAN LOUISE M. PROCKTER Massachusetts Institute of Technology Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics ROBERT T. PAPPALARDO Laboratory Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute MARCIA J. RIEKE of Technology University of Arizona SAUL PERLMUTTER MARK THIEMENS Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California, San Diego MARCIA J. RIEKE MEENAKSHI WADHWA University of Arizona Arizona State University DAVID N. SPERGEL CLIFFORD M. WILL Princeton University University of Florida MEENAKSHI WADHWA THOMAS H. ZURBUCHEN Arizona State University University of Michigan CLIFFORD M. WILL Liaison University of Florida LENNARD A. FISK THOMAS H. ZURBUCHEN U.S. Representative to COSPAR University of Michigan Liaison LENNARD A. FISK U.S. Representative to COSPAR VOLUME 25, ISSUE 2 WWW.NATIONALACADEMIES.ORG/SSB/ PAGE 3 SPACE STUDIES BOARD NEWS SSB ACTIVITIES The Board and Its Standing Committees ticipated in an ISS Science Forum on May 21 at Johnson Space Center. The Space Studies Board (SSB) met April 3-4. April 3 was a joint The Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space session with the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) (CESAS) met on June 3-4 at the Beckman Center in Irvine, CA. where both boards participated in a roundtable discussion with This meeting, like the previous meeting in March 2014 whose at- the NASA chiefs (David Miller, NASA Chief Technologist; Ralph tendance was limited because area airports closed due to a major Roe, NASA Chief Engineer; and Ellen Stofan, NASA Chief Scien- snowstorm, focused on planning for the second NRC decadal sur- tist), followed by an update from and discussion with NASA Ad- vey in Earth science and applications from space, which will get ministrator Charles Bolden. The boards then participated in a dis- underway in early 2015. The committee discussed with represent- cussion with representatives from the White House, Grace Hu and atives from the Aerospace Corporation options for the cost and Paul Shawcross from the Office of Management and Budget, and technical evaluation that is now an integral part of all NRC deca- Richard Dalbello from the Office of Science and Technology Poli- dal surveys. The committee also met with Piers Sellers and Col- cy. The boards then received an update on the activities of leen Hartmann from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight, Center, who NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate reviewed their recent white paper on the future of the U.S. envi- (HEOMD) and held a discussion with William Gerstenmaier, Asso- ronmental satellite program. ciate Administrator of HEOMD. On April 4 the SSB heard updates Follow-on roundtable discussions among the
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