9376 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 1 to American-flag operators in the domestic By Mr. CAREY: By Mr. O'HARA of Michigan: offshore trades; to the Committee on Mer­ H.R. 7430. A b111 for the relief of Ng (Eng) H.R. 7438. A bill for the relief of Anna chant Marine and Fisheries. Li Wong; to the Committee on the Judi­ Caporossi Crlsconl; to the Committee on the Also, memorial of the Legislature of the ciary. Judiciary. State of HawaU, memorializing the President By Mr. DADDARIO: By Mr. PHILBIN: and the COngress of the United States re­ H.R. 7431: A blll to allow the importation H.R. 7439. A blll to provide for the grant­ garding a resolution requesting the Con­ free of duty of certain stained glass windows ing of retired pay to James W. Boyer; to the gress of the United States to request the for use in St. Joseph's Cathedral, Hartford, Committee on the Judiciary. National Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ Conn.; to the Committee on Ways and By Mr. RABAUT: tration to study and determine the feasibil­ Means. H.R. 7440. A bill for the relief of Dr. Her­ ity of locating a space launching fac111ty on By Mr. FLYNT: menegildo F. Labsan; to the Committee on the island of Hawall, State of Hawall; to the H.R. 7432. A b111 for the rellef of Garland the Judiciary. Committee on Science and Astronautics. G. Bishop; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. ROOSEVELT: Also, memorial of the Legislature of the ciary. H.R. 7441. A bill for the relief of Zoltan State of Florida, memorializing the President Friedmann; to the Committee on the Judici­ By Mr. HALPERN: ary. and the Congress of the United States rela­ H.R. 7433. A blll for the rellef of Herman tive to expanding the Veterans• Adminis­ By Mr. RYAN: and Marija Krajner; to the Committee on H.R. 7442. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Anti­ tration hospital fac111ties in the State of the Judiciary. gonl Iatropoulos; to the Committee on the Florida; to the Committee on Veterans• M­ By Mr. KEITH: Judiciary. falrs. H.R. 7434. A b111 to provide for the free By Mr. WALTER: entry of an electron microscope for the use H.R. 7443. A bill for the relief of Gerardo of the Marine Biological Laboratory; to the P. Magcanam and Pedro F. Bantillo; to the PRIVATE BnLS AND RESOLUTIONS Committee on Ways and Means. Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. LESINSKI: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 7435. A b111 for the rellef of Czeslaw bills and resolutions were introduced Bochenski; to the Committee on the Judi­ PETITIONS, ETC. and severally referred as follows: ciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, By Mr. McFALL: By Mr. ADDABBO (by request): H.R. 7436. A bill to validate the conveyance 160. The SPEAKER presented a petition of H.R. 7428. A bill for the rellef of Alexan­ of certain land in the State of Callfornia Maurice Brooks Gatlin, general counsel, the dros Vasllakos; to the Committee on the by the Central Pacific Rallway Co. and the Caribbean Division, the Anti-Communist Judiciary. Southern Pacific Co.; to the Committee on Committee of the Americas, New Orleans, La., By Mr. BURKE of Kentucky: Interior and Insular Affairs. petitioning consideration of their resolution with reference to a redress of grievance rela­ H.R. 7429. A bill to provide for the free By Mr. MAILLIARD: tive to diplomatic relations between the U.S. entry of an electron microscope for the use H.R. 7437. A blll for the rellef of Stella Government and the Government of the of the University of Loulsvllle, Louisville, Rosa Merello; to the Committee on the Ju­ Dominican Republic, which was referred to Ky.; to the Committee on Ways and Means. diciary. the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Education To Match Our Times-Shep­ The 1961 graduating class of 150, a In times past, the possession of the col­ number of whom were students of high lege degree signified a kind of termination. herd College Commencement Address scholarly achievement, was drawn not It was assumed that the recipient, having Stresses Individual Responsibility and encompassed the basic corpus of knowledge, only from West Virginia but from the was equipped to deal with the world of the Need for the Creative Mind neighboring States of Maryland, Vir­ reality. And since the ultimate realities ginia, and the District of Columbia also. were viewed as static and eternal concepts, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ no fundamental reconstruction of one's EXTENSION OF REMARKS sent that my Shepherd College com­ knowledge would be demanded in subse­ 011' mencement address be printed in the quent years, but merely further refinement RECORD. and acquisitions. HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH Never has this conception of learning 011' WEST VIRGINIA There being no objection, the address been less valid than it is today. For never IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, has the world been in such condition of as follows: constant and far-reaching :flux. Acknowl­ Thursday, June 1, 1961 EDUCATION TO MATCH OUR TIMES edgment of the primal significance of this Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, it (Address by Senator JENNINGS RANDOLPH, fact must be the cornerstone of any modern was my privilege on May 29 to have de­ Democrat of West Virginia, Shepherd Col­ philosophy of learning. livered the commencement address at lege Commencement, Shepherdstown, W. It has become a commonplace to refer to Va., May 29, 1961) ours as a time of revolution-industrial revo­ Shepherd College in Shepherdstown, W. lution at home and political and social revo­ Va. President Ikenberry, members of the fac­ lutions abroad. But underlying all these is This institution, which was chartered ulty, honored graduates and guests, and la­ the revolution in knowledge itself. Radio in 1872, has an enrollment of approxi­ dles and gentlemen, the experience of com­ astronomy is beginning to probe the very mencement exercises is ever the same and limits of an expanding universe, while sub­ mately 1,500 and offers the regular 4- yet ever new and unique. year college courses in the liberal arts atomic physics is breaking the formerly in­ I suppose every graduate for generations divisible atom into ever more particles and and sciences leading to the A.B. and B.S. past has shared some of the same emotions degrees. Teacher training has been a of nostalgia when faced with the appraisal subpartlcles. major effort. It is typical of the many of the 4 years preceding, and exhilaration As Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer stated sev­ smaller colleges throughout our country and perhaps some trepidation in anticipa­ eral years ago regarding the revolution in which seldom make headlines in the ed­ tion of the years to come. And yet, for each scientific knowledge, .. Almost every month ucation pages of the large metropolitan graduate it is also a highly individualized has surprises for us in the findings about and private experience relating to one's own these particles. We are meeting new ones newspapers but which furnish a sound desires and aspirations. for which we are not prepared. We are educational foundation to large num­ In this respect, no matter how many such learning how poorly we had identified the bers of our young men and women. occasions in which one has participated, it properties even of our old friends among During recent years, under the able is always a pleasure and a benefit to share them. We are seeing what a challenging job leadership of President Oliver S. Iken­ again in the sense of challenge and the the ordering of this experience is likely to berry, who was formerly a dean at my drama of a be_ckoning world. be, and what a strange world we must enter own alma mater of Salem College, Shep­ The very word "commencement" indicates to find that order." herd College has made significant prog­ a beginning rather than an ending, and the The firm walls which once surrounded such ress in expanding its physical facilities degree you receive today is a licewre to pro­ compartments of knowledge as biology; phys­ and in attracting highly qualified fac­ ceed on new terms rather than to retire on ics, and chemistry have yielded to interpene­ ulty members. the old ones. tration between the disciplines: we now have 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9377

biophysics, mathematical biology, geochem­ shifting sands of chance. We require some­ ~vidual rather than the authority of the istry, and crystallography-to name but a thing of permanence and substance to give State. This is the struggle to realize the few of the modern mutations. And even the direction to our own lives. In short, we need American proposition which was so clea,rly once clear distinctions ·between life and non­ a cause to serve, a commitment to fulfill. stated by Henry Thoreau when he wrote that life have been thrown in question. The philosopher, Josiah Royce, wrote of "There will never be a really free and en­ It is little wonder, therefore, that the aver­ this need in terms of a philosophy of loyalty lightened State until the State comes to age citizen, even the educated layman, re­ to an ever widening community of ideals. recognize the individual as a. higher and in­ sponds to this upheaval in knowledge with "Let this spirit of loyalty to loyalty become dependent power, from which all its own feelings of doubt, uncertainty and confusion. universal," he stated, "and then wars will power and authority are derived, and treats This is perhaps a partial explanation for the cease; for then nations, without indeed laps­ him accordingly." hold which Commander Shepard and the ing into any merely international mass, will Thus it is that the task of education to­ other astronauts have upon the popular so respect each the loyalty of the others that day-formal education in the schools, as imagination. Laying aside considerations of aggression will come to seem inhuman." well as self-education in your own lives­ national prestige, Shepard and his team­ It is not a criticism of Royce to declare is to re-create the sense of individual re­ mates have to some extent humanized an that this goal still pertains to an ideal realm sponsibility, and this means to reestablish otherwise esoteric branch of scientific tech­ rather than to the workings of this world. and rededicate our belief in man-the belief nology. The knowledge that a man is riding For it was his view that such an ideal goal that man can control his own destiny if he in the nose of one of those great missiles must serve to give direction to our aspira­ will. For freedom and responsibility are but somehow brings it within the domain of our tions in this world. Nor, since he was writ­ opposite handles of the same pitcher. own imagination and perceptions. ing at the turn of the century, can we ex­ No one understood this better than Abra­ Now, what bearings do these comments pect him to have foreseen the new factors ham Lincoln-who knew so much of the have upon the topic of "Education to Match in the international equation introduced by terror and wonder of the human soul­ Our Times"? First, they indicate that our the Russian revolution. when, in the dreadful December of 1862, he education must be oriented toward the proc­ I was impressed recently with this aspect pointed the way of duty to the Congress in ess of inquiry rather than the products of of the question when it was my occasion to these words: be host to 16 young people from the Soviet inquiry. For the products, the acquisitions "Fellow citizens, we cannot escape his­ or "factual" knowledge at one time, may be Union who were touring Capitol Hill as part of their visit in this country under the tory. We of this Congress and this admin­ forced to yield to future conditions and re­ istration will be remembered in spite of finements in the methods and techniques of sponsorship of the YMCA. ourselves. No personal signiflcance or insig­ investigation. The group with whom I talked was com­ posed of leaders of the Soviet age group from nificance can spare one or another of us. Thus, a modern education must focus The fiery trial through which we pass will upon the development of those skills and approximately 25 to 40 years of age-teach­ ers, journalists, political scientists and engi­ light us down, in honor or dishonor, to the disciplines of inquiry which will serve the latest generation. We--even we here-hold continued growth of the mind after the neers. They are young men and women whose late teens and early adult years were the power and bear the responsibility." individual leaves the tutelage of formal We pray that our Nation may never again learning. And it must also seek to instill formed by the devastation and suffering of the war. Their point of reference, therefore, bear such a burden of dreadful conflict. Yet the attitudes and habits of mind which will our times ha.v:e their own perU, of equal dead­ foster a · desire for continued questioning, in appraising Soviet life today, is how far they have traveled, personally and nation­ liness. The measure of our own responsibil­ learning and growth. ity is not lessened. The daily choices, which I am not now simply paying court to a ally, from the conditions during the war and its early aftermath. Consequently, there is gather as the sands in an hourglass, are popular platitude. Ft>r learning-authen­ just as vital in our own lives as the most tic learning-can be a painful process. And little to impel them to criticize the basic as­ sumptions of Communist life. momentous decisions in the affiairs of state. every day we encounter unnumbered ex­ For it is out of the web of individual actions amples of a person's successful resistance to Their commitments are supplied them by the doctrine and ideology of communism. and choices that we weave the fabric of a the process of learning. We wear our ideas democratic morale. like our garments, and as with one's favorite They serve the Soviet state, the socialist rev­ olution and the Marxist view of history. The poet and teacher, Archibald MacLeish jacket or hat, when an idea slips comfort­ has addressed the question in these terms: ably around the mind we hate to dispose Though these goals deny much of what is of it. most significant and precious in human "What education in the free countries A modern education, therefore, must be values, they have sufficed to enlist the ener­ must drive home, if the free countries are one which will prepare the individual for a gies of an aggressive and self-confident gen­ to survive, is the conviction that we--even world of relativities and uncertainties. We eration of Soviet youth. we here--hold the power and bear the re­ must learn to feel at home with something We must therefore ask ourselves what goals sponsib111ty. The task is in part a task less than absolute certainty; we must learn and values we supply which can call to their beyond the power of the schools as such, for to place our assurance not in a given datum service the same qualities of determination the sense of individual responsibil1ty and of knowledge itself, but in the long-term and zeal from the citizens of our democracy. power involves a sense o! individual par­ self-corrective process of the pursuit of This is preeminently the task of formal ticipation, and a sense or· indiVidual parti­ knowledge and the disciplines of inquiry. education. For our schools and colleges are cipation l:s only possible in a society in which And we must learn to like the openness and the principal repositories of the ideals of our individuals can make themselves felt directly clash of opinions in a democratic and ex­ society. And it is out of the processes of and not through agglomerations of money perimental society. education itself that the individual must or people. There must be social changes as Finally, an "education to match our generate willing desire to serve and to live well as educational changes. But the educa­ times" must prepare us, individually and creatively. tion changes come first. To teach men to as a nation, to meet demands which are not This ideal, as an expression of national believe in themselves therefore is to teach yet identifled. Today we are in need of purpose, has been most eloquently phrased them responsibility and so to assure their mathematicians, physicists and engineers. in the words of President Kennedy's inaug­ freedom." But in two or three decades perhaps, espe­ ural address: "Let us explore the stars, con­ These are the tasks of education-to de­ cially in view of the world population ex­ quer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the velop a sense of regard for intellectual dis­ plosion, our greatest needs may be for ocean depths, and encourage the arts and ciplines, even when we know that our knowl­ demographers, soil chemists, agronomists commerce. edge is tentative, not final, and relative, not and marine biologists. Thus, in elementary "Let both sides heed the command of absolute; and to provide the grounds for a and secondary schooling, and in our pre­ Isaiah-to 'undo the heavy burdens and let moral commitment to a community of values, professional and undergraduate education, the oppressed go free.' " even when these values must ultimately rest we have need of developing those basic skills Many of you who have selected a career on one's individual judgment. No other and intellectual disciplines which will pro­ of teaching have already made this option. civilization has essayed such tasks. And no vide the foundations for the professional There are others among you who, I am con­ leader has more eloquently and concisely and specialist as well as the generalist, and fident, are destined for equally creative and stated the challenge with which we are con­ for a flexible reorientation of our energies rewarding careers. But for each of you, fronted than did President Woodrow Wilson, as new demands arise. whether you enter teaching or one of the when he declared, "Our ciVilization cannot I have spoken of the task of education to other professions, whether you go into busi­ survive materially unless it be redeemed prepare us for a world in which our knowl­ ness or on to graduate studies, there is an spiritually. It can be saved only by becom­ edge is not absolute, but relative--a world even more fundamental dedication which ing permeated with the spirit of Christ and of chance and contingency and continual must underlie all of these. being made free and happy by the practice flux. I speak of the commitment to revolution­ which springs from that spirit. Only thus Yet within this world most of us, even to the true revolution which is still the one can discontent be driven out and all the the most intensely modern among us, ex­ we gave birth to 185 years ago. The true shadows lifted from the road ahead." perience the deeply felt need for some perma­ revolution is -that of Thomas Jefferson, not As citizens, and as men and women of nent base of reference. We cannot erect Karl Marx-the revolution propelled by belief courage and conviction, we will succeed on the structure of our personal uves on the in the dignity and _responsibility of the in- the frontiers of the future. 9378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - .HOUSE June 1 Training and Retraining of Skilled Man­ Nation's supply of all-around journey­ and built according to the principles of man machinists has dwindled. architecture that were formulated by power-The KeDDedy Plaa and a As the editorial points out, machine Andrea Palladio of Vicenza who was Timely Editorial in the Machinist operators doing a specialized job may born in Italy in 1518 and became one of lose out to automation or changing tech­ the greatest architects of all times. EXTENSION OF REMARKS nology, but a trained machinist is never When we pass through the rotunda our OF obsolete. I urge the officials who will eyes are drawn upward to the work of work on the new Government-sponsored Constantino Brumidi, the Italian artist, HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN retraining programs to read this editorial commissioned by the Congress to deco­ OF MISSOURI and follow up on the useful idea it pro­ rate the dome. In this Chamber of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES poses, as follows: House of Representatives the medal­ lions bearing the faces of Gaius, Papin­ Thursday, June 1, 1961 MACHINISTS More than 2 million young men and ian, and Justinian, exponents of the Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, to women will be graduating from high school Roman law, look down upon our labors. those of us from highly industrialized next month. Many of them will be hunting With all of these tangible and visible re­ areas of the country, particularly areas their first job. Some will want to learn a minders of the contributions of Italy which were hard hit by unemployment trade. and the Italian people to the culture and in recent recessions, the President's ad­ The tragedy is that opportunities for ap­ civilization of the world it is trite to re­ prentic.e training this year are few and far dress here last Thursday touched on a between. At a time when everyone agrees view the accomplishments of that great point extremely important to the future that we need more skills, the decline of nation as it celebrates the centenary of of our economy-the plan he referred apprentice training in industry approaches a unification and as its approaches the to as the manpower development and national scandal. 15th anniversary of the Republic of Italy. training program. Last year, for example, only 2,779 new ma­ I am, however, moved to speak briefiy ·After discussing the persistent pat­ ch~nist apprentices were taken on in joint upon those intangible benefits that have tern of unemployment, even during a labor-management programs approved by been bestowed upon the United States period· of recovery, which makes such the U.S. Bureau of Apprenticeship. Many times that number of journeymen by her sons and daughters of Italian unemployment "intolerable to a free died or retired last year. Once again, as it origin. The Taliffero family has made economy," the President cited the new has every year for the past decade, the a distinguished record in America since program he is going to recommend to Nation's supply of all-around journeymen colonial times. William Paca, a Mary­ Congress and said: machinists dwindled. land Governor, was one of those who Its purpose would be to train or retrain Some people who have never seen a shop pledged his life, his fortune, and his several hundred thousand workers in new mistakenly believe that a machinist can be sacred honor by signing the Declaration occupational skills over a 4-year period, in trained in a few weeks or a few months. of Independence. The role is long and order to replace those skills made obsolete They confuse the machinist with machine the debt incalculable. by automation and industrial change with operators or specialists. A man can be the new skills which new processes demand. trained in a few months to perform one In the centennial year of the unifica­ Supplementing current public and private job or operate one type of machine. tion of Italy and tomorrow, June 2, the training and education programs, such a The trouble in these times is that the 15th anniversary of the founding of the measure, including subsistence and reloca­ specialist is no sooner trained than his work Republic of Italy, I salute our fellow tion allowances for the long-term unem­ is automated and his limited skill becomes Americans who enjoy the g.reat heritage ployed, is a positive answer to the challenge obsolete. of our sister republic and send particular of technology. A journeyman machinist, on the other · hand, is an all-around craftsman who has greetings to the 150,000 Marylanders who DEPRESSED AREAS ACT PROVIDES FOR RETRAINING learned his trade in 4 years of on-the-job join their relatives and friends in Italy PROGRAMS training. He learns to operate every type in commemoration of this significant Mr. Speaker, one of the most impor­ of machine in the shop. He learns layout anniversary. tant provisions of the Depressed Areas work and maintenance and, in some in­ I particularly extend best wishes to stances, cutting and ·. welding. In addition, Samuel A. CUlotta, grand venerable of Act-the Area Development Act, to use the machinist apprentice must take class­ the formal title-called for an extensive room instruction in mathematics, metal­ the Grand Lodge of the State of Mary­ program of retraining in new skills for lurgy, blueprint reading, and related subjects. land, and the members of the Order of those unemployed as a result of tech­ The American people have generally ac­ Sons of Italy in America, for an inspir­ nological change or other causes in the cepted the need for scientists to develop new ing and significant commemoration of areas of substantial and persistent labor ideas. We generally understand the need for June 2. surplus. As a member of the Banking engineers to adapt the new ideas to prac­ tical use. Some don't yet realize that we and Currency Committee, I supported it. still need a third man, the all-around jour­ It was a good step forward. Now the neyman, who can take that blueprint and Must U.S. Funds Go to Castro's Cuba? President's proposal, as outlined to us in cold, unformed metal and machine it to a his speech Thursday, would expand this ten-thousandth or to no tolerance at all. It EXTENSION OF REMARKS idea to help the long-term unemployed takes journeymen to make the experimental wherever they live. This is a tremen­ models and then to set up the production OF dously useful idea, and one which I also jobs. So far no committee of Congress, no de­ HON. JOHN S. MONACAN support. partment of Government has shown more OF CONNECTICUT EDITORIAL FROM THE MACHINIST than a casual interest in this problem. It's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Consequently, Mr. Speaker, I read with an old frontier that cries for a new priority. great interest a very timely editorial Thursday, June 1, 1961 appearing in the issue of May 25, 1961, Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I call of the newspaper, the Machinist, one of your attention to a story appearing in the best labor union newspapers pub­ Fifteenth Anniversary of the Founding of the May 26, 1961, edition of the Wash­ ·Iished in this country, and speaking for the Republic of Italy ington Post under the headline . "U.N. one of the most progressive and out­ Backs Cuban Aid Despite United States." standing unions in the Nation, the In­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS The story reported that the governing ternational Association of Machinists, OF council of the U.N. Special Fund has AFL-CIO. given preliminary approval to a $3,035,- This editorial points up the great need HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. 600 agricultural research project for for expansion of the apprenticeship OF MARYLAND Cuba, despite -reservations by the United training program for machinists. Last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States and with some members of the year, it points out, only 2,779 new ma­ council reportedly supporting the United chinist apprentices were started on ap­ Thursday, June 1, 1961 States reservation. proved training programs, whereas many Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, we meet The story in the Post said that Paul times that number of journeyman ma­ in a building that we call the Capitol G. Hoffman, American managing direc­ chinists died or retired in the same pe­ in allusion to the seat of government in tor of the fund, submitted the project riod. So, as it has for .a decade, the ancient Rome. Our Capitol is designed to the 18 member governing council 1961 C9~GRESSION;At · R~ORD ~HOUSE- 9379 along with ~1 other project~ calling for come before taxes, for gifts to educa­ The Kearns b111 would not change this, a. to.tal b\Mget of $77 millio:p with the tional and religious institutions. My bill but would only make' it possible for the tax­ to payer to elect to take a tax credit a.s an fund supply $34.6 million., All were would not change this but would make alternative to the presently allowed deduc- approved. · · · _ ·. it possible for· the taxpayer to elect to tion. · · - Under leave to extend my remarks, I take a tax_credit as an alternative to the Congressman KEA!ms said today: call to the· attention·of my colleagues the deductiona which are ·presently allowed ..Nearly 100 Members _ot Congress from following letter . which I addressed to Under the Internal Revenue Code of both parties have been introducing bills to­ the Honorable Adlai E. Stevenson, U.S. 1954. provide aid to education by amending the Ambassador to the United Nations, on Nearly 100 Members of Congress from tax laws. . If the administration pr!'lssed as May 26, 1961, in which I urged him to vigorously for tax legislation to a-id educa­ both major political parties for anum­ tion as it has to provide appropriated funds use his in:fluence to block approval of ber of years have been introducing bills totaling billions of dollars the congress the allocation o.f the United Nations to aid public and private education by would have acted on this matter months funds to Castro's Cuba, particularly amending the tax laws. If the adminis­ and even years ago. If my new bill succeeds, since 40 to 45 percent of the U.N. Special tration pressed as vigorously for tax as I hope it will, public and private educa­ Fund is provided by the United States. legislation to aid education as it has tion will ha,.ve won the greatest victory for My letter to Mr. ·stevenson follows: pressed to provide appropriated funds education in the 20th century." MAY 26, 1961. totaling billions of dollars for public edu­ The Honorable ADLAI E. STEVENSON, cation the Congress would have acted U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, on this matter months and even years New York, N.Y. ago. Abel Garner Honored by Congregation DEAR MR. AMBASSADOR: I ~read in the morn­ Because of a failure to provide leader­ ing's Washington Post that the governing Zichron Ephraim council of the "U.N. Special Fund had given ship in this field of tax legislation these preliminary approval to a. $3,035,600 agricul­ bills have been gathering dust in the EXTENSION OF REMARKS House Ways and Means Committee for tural research project for Cuba. OF The article went on to point out that the years. special fund would furnish over $1,157,600 The administration has moved vigor­ on a matching basis witb. the Castro gover:q.­ ously to provide tax incentives for busi­ HON. HERBERT ZELENKO ment. It also went on to assert that the ness. OF NEW YORK United States contributes between 40 and Why can tax incentives be provided IN THE H()USE OF REPRESENTATIVES 45 percent of the special fund. business in our country and not be pro­ The only indication of objection on the Thursday, June 1, 1961 part of this country was the statement that vided to encourage private giving toed­ there were "reservations by the United ucation? How can this be justified? Mr. ZELENKO. Mr. Speaker, under States." If my new bill succeeds, as I hope _it unanimous consent I take pleasure in Our Government has made many mistakes will, public and private education will informing the House of a significant in relation to Cuba and the Castro govern­ have won the greatest victory for educa­ community event which took place in ment, but we certainly would compound all tion in the 20th century. New York City on April 16, 1961. On the others by faillng to prevent this ridic­ I propose to offer my new bill as a that day the Congregation Zichron ulous action. Castro has clearly shown that substitute for the administration bill, Ephraim celebrated its 71st year at a he is anti-American and he is doing every­ H.R. 7300, when it is brought to the dinner at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. thing · possible to establish a Communist House floor for consideration. The guest of honor was Mr. Abel Garner, beachhead 1n this hemisphere. For the one of the civic leaders and leading ~erican people :t_o provide him with nearly My views on education, and the text ~ half-mlllion dollars to help make his of my new bill, are set forth in the body philanthropists of the city, and a trus­ regime more palatable to the Cuban people of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD today at tee of the congregation. would be the height of folly. considerable length. The synagogue, which is located at 163 I am not sure as to the jurisdictional ques­ I include the text of my press . re­ East 67th Street, has been a leading cen­ tions that are involved as between yourself, lease on my new education bill, as pal"t ter of Jewish spiritual life for all the as Ambassador, and Mr. Ho:trman, as Ameri­ of my remarks: years of its existence. From the day of can managing director of the Fund, but I its dedication in 1890 up to the present hope that you wlllimmediately use your in­ PRESS RELEASE 01' REPRESENTATIVE CARROLL fluence to see to it that this project is not D. KEARNS, REPUBLICAN, OF PENNSYLVANIA time, Zichron Ephraim has continued approved. Congressman CARROLL D. KEARNS, Repub­ its activity in behalf of the ancient faith Sincerely yours, lican, of Pennsylvania, introduced a bill of Israel. For over 71 years, the syna­ JoHN S. MONAGAN, today to authorize a 3-year program of gogue has kept its doors open daily, Member of Congress. Federal financial assistance for the construc­ morning to evening, for prayer and the tion of public elementary and secondary study of the Holy Law and the tradi­ schools, and to provide certain additional tional Jewish literature, as well as for assistance for both public a-nd private edu­ cation on a permanent basis. public gatherings for social purposes or Aid to Public and Private Education Title I of the blll would be known as the in behalf of worthy and deserving School Construction Assistance Act of 1961, causes. It numbers among its member­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS and is almost identical to the bill which ship some of the outstanding Jews in the or failed to get Rules Commit·tee clearance in city of New York. The history of the 1960. It would provide $350 million a year temple, and the persons associated with HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS over a 3;.year period. it through the years, is an inspiring saga Congressman KEARNS said today in a OF PENNSYLVANIA speech on the floor of the House that he of deep religious faith. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would offer his revised measure as a substi­ Construction of the t_emple started in tute for the administration blll, H.R. 7300, the autumn of 1888 and continued Thursday, June 1, 1961 when it was brought to the floor for con­ through 1889. It was the culmination Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, I have sideration. of the dream of the late Jonas Well, its introduced today a bill to provide aid to Title II of the new Kearns bill would mod­ founder arid first president. He and his public education by the appropriation of ernize the tax laws to encourage increased brother, Samuel Wei!, furnished the private giving for public and private edu­ -350 .million a year over a 3-year period cation at all levels. money for the construction and furnish­ for the purposes of school construction. It would also provide tax deductions for ing of that temple and they gave it the This measure is .almost identical tO the education. name "Congregation Zichron Ephraim" bill which failed to get ciearance by the Congressman KEARNS has been highly in memory of their father p Ephraim Jtouse Rules Committee in 1960. critical of the administration for its failure Weil. Dr. Bernard Drachman, one Of the .. My bill would- also modernize the tax to recommend that the tax laws be modern· leading Orthodox spiritual leaders of his laws to provide increased encouragement !zed. · He has. stated that this has divided day, was the son-in-law of Jonas· Well the American people unnecessarily. to· 'private givfng tO ·both public :and At the present time, corporations can con­ and he was the first American born .and J?rivat~ ' edu,c~t~Qn. . . porpo:r;ations_ can tribute up to 5 percent of their gross income educated Orthodox Jewish Rabbi in"tbe now .contrJb~t~ , u~ .to - ~· pe.rc~~t of their before taxes, and individuals up to 30 per· United States. He seried ·as the spirit­ ~rQ.ss income_ J?~fqte. ta~~s, ·and indi­ cent of gross income . before taxes, for gifts ual leader of-Zichron Ephraim from lts viduals up to.. 30. p~rpeln..t of gro~s in- tQ educational . ~nd religious institutions .. inception and until.his death in 1945. 9380 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE , June t · The cornerstone of that syriagogue was States, or to defeat the measures Or the in fact, give the White House virtual con­ laid on Than.ksgiviilg Day in 1889 and Uniteei States"; that taX exemption is trol over them. When I tell you what each of the plans · was attended by many lea~ing spiritual granted as· a ma:tter of course to any char- · itable organizations engaged in the rehabili-· provides, you will see what I mean. Each . and communal leaders, among whom was tation and assistance of needy refugees; and plan provides, first, that funct~ons of the the late Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, and that export licenses are routinely granted Commission ''with respect to. h~aring, d~­ Joseph Blumenthal, the president of the for humanitarian reasons, to ship farm prod­ termlning, ordering, certify~ng, reporting, Jewish Theological Seminary. The uce and medicines to Cuba, and would thus or otherwise acting as to work, business, or architects were Schneider & Herter, be granted for a humanitarian shipment of matter (that covers everything) may be dele­ German-born masters of their profes­ farm implements. gated by the Chairman to an individual sion. Under their skillful direction a While this Government is thus putting Commissio~er, or, if the Chairman wishes, forward neither obstacles nor assistance to to an employee; each plan provides, second, beautiful edifice of rare artistic design this wholly private effort, I hope that all that the action of the person delegated by arose, and today, 71 years later, it is still citizens will contribute what they can. If the Chairman be deemed to be the action considered one of the most beautiful they were our brothers in a totalitarian of the Commission; and, third, that the structures devoted to Orthodox Jewish prison, every American would want to help. right to review the action can be establ ~ c;hed worship in the city of New York. I happen to feel deeply that all who fight only by a formal vote of the members of the The character and spiritual qualities for freedom-particularly in our hemi­ Commission. (Now, we, here in Washing­ sphere-are our brothers. ton, have found out how a Chairman can of Mr. Abel Garner are emphasized by ward off a final vote· on practically any­ the fact that a congregation as noble as thing.) that of Zichron Ephraim has seen fit to In the case of the FCC, which has control do him honor. over an radio an~ television broadcasting, Reorganization Plans it would take at least three Commissioners--­ in a formal meeting called by the Chair­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS man-to get a review of some employee's President Cannot Act as a Private Citizen decision in a case. If no review is ordered, OF by the required vote, then the action of the person delegated by the Chairman becomes . EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HUGH SCOTT law. In my opinion, that's putting too much OF OF PENNSYLVANIA power in the hands of a Commission Chair­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES man-who is accountable to the White HON. BRUCE ALGER House. OF TEXAS Thursday, June 1, 1961 I believe such a reorganization plan would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask mean endless trouble for the broadcasting industry. Thursday, June 1, 1961 unanimous consent to have printed in The industries controlled by the other the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a radio Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ three Commissions are likewise endangered. broadcast by the distinguished Senator Now, of course no one should object to dent of the United States is the head of from Maryland [Mr. BEALL] over 16 the streamlining of the work of the busy our Government and, as such, he cannot Maryland radio stations on May 18, commissions--but surely a way can be found act in a private capacity. He must be 1961, dealing with certain reorganization to do this without jeopardizing the rights President and his every word and every plans submitted to Congress by Presi­ of the public, hamstringing legitimate busi­ action is the word and action of the ness, and building up too much. power in dent Kennedy within the past couple of the White House. I want to see the Jnde- · President, not a private citizen. In the weeks. light of this fact, President Kennedy's pendent agencies stay independent-not start There being no objection, the speech getting their orders from the Presid~nt, who- stand on paying blackmail to Castro for was ordered to be printed in the REcORD, ever he may be. . the release of prisoners is most interest­ as follows: I go along 100 percent with the Democratic ing. The following statement on the Party platform of 1960 where it says: "The RADIO BROADCAST BY U.S. SENATOR J. GLENN President's stand is taken from the U.S. BEALL, OF MARYLAND, OVER 16 MARYLAND RA· Democratic Party condemns the usurpation News & World Report: DIO STATIONs--BROADCAST TAPED AND MAILED by the Executive of the powers and func­ . KENNEDY'S STAND ON FREEDOM TRACTORS . MAY 18, 1961 . tions of any of the independent agencies and pledges the restoration of the independence (Full text of a statement issued by Presi­ Something has come up which seems to me . of such agencies and the protection of their dent Kennedy on May 24, 1961.) to be a very serious matter-for it could integrity of action." The tractors-for-freedom movement is a endanger the "checks and balances" pro­ There you are. wholly private humanitarian movement vided by the wise men who established our It's not a partisan matter. We must guard aimed at saving the lives of several hundred Government. well against building up dictatorial power men. It is supported by free men and women I refer to the reorganization plans sub­ in the White House. That's why 1 object throughout the Americas. mitted to Congress by President Kennedy to the four reorganization plans submitted When Fidel Castro first made his offer to within the past couple of weeks. by President Kennedy. "exchange" the lives and liberty of 1,200 As you perhaps know, the procedure on prisoners for 500 agricultural tr~;~octors, the any reorganization plan is simply this: the American people responded with character­ President draws up a plan and sends it istic compassion. A number of private com­ to Congress; if neither the House nor the mittees were organized to raise the necessary Senate acts within 60 days, the plan be­ Interview of Senator Magnuson on CBS funds and many private citizens . in this comes effective. But, either House can Program "Capitol Cloakroom" country and throughout the hemisphere, knock it down by passing a resolution to inquired as to where they could contribute. do so. I hope the reorganization plans, re­ My concern was to help make certain that a cently submitted, will be rejected. I will EXTENSION OF REMARKS siLgle, representative group of citizens explain my reason. OF headed this effort in the United States. The four reorganization plans have to do And I am grateful to Mrs. Roosevelt, Walter with the Securities and Exchange Commis­ HON. JOHN 0. PASTORE Reuther, 8J'I.d Dr. Milton Eisenhower for sion, the Federal Communications Commis­ OF RHODE ISLAND their leadership. sion, the Civil Aeronautics Board, and the The U.S. Government has not been and Federal Trade Commission. The four plans IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES cannot be a party to these negotiations. But are essentially identical. The four agencies Thursday, June 1, 1961 when private citizens seek to help prevent involved were created by the Congress as suffering in other lands through voluntary independent agencies-to do certain needed Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, on contributions---which is a great American jobs-free from pressures-free from political May 18, 1961, Senator WARREN G. MAG­ tradition-this Government should not in­ pressures, and free from White House pres­ NUSON, chairman of the Senate Com­ terfere with their humanitarian efforts. sures. merce Committee, was interviewed on the Neither law nor equity calls upon us to In keeping with this, we, the Congress, CBS program "Capitol Cloakroom.'' impose obstacles in their path as they seek provided that members of these commis­ · In view of the many significant ob­ to save those who fought to restore freedom sions were to be selected from both the in our hemisphere. I am advised that the parties--on a fairly even basis. servations made by Mr. MAGNUSON on the Logan Act is not involyed, inasmuch as it I feel that these four reorganization plans subject of broadcasting, I ask unanimous covers only negotiations "in relation to any could lead away from the independence in­ consent to have the transcript of the disputes or controversies with the United tended for these commissions-and could, program printed in the RECORD. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9~81 There- being no objection, the .tran... So therefore the whole program would majority-:-! don't suppose we will ever get script was ordered to be printed in the have to ·be discussed, some of the pressing them all-but a substantial opinion on our RECORD, as foil.OWS: · . pro):>lems. I suspect Laos, Cuba, the Geneva side, because it might be just as ill-fated for Disarmament Conference, mapy of those us to go in there if all the other American INTERVIEW OF SENATOR MAGNUSON .. DEMO.CRAT, questions that are immediately pressing­ stBites disagreed with it. OF WASHINGTON, BY CBS NEWS CORRE..: Vietnam. .Mr. VON FREMD. Senator MAGNUSON, you SPONDENTS CHARLES VON . FjtEMD, ROBERT Mr. VON FREMD. Well, it seems to me, are also a member of the Senate Space PIERPOINT, AND WELLS CHURCH ON CBS Senator MAGNUSON, though, that in most Committee. Certainly Commander Shepard's PROGRAM "CAPITOL . CLOAKROOM" of these cases, the ones you have men­ flight was a badly needed shot in the arm, Mr. VON FREMD. Senator MAGNUSON, should tioned-Cuba, Laos, ·Berlin, and so forth­ but, as President Ke~edy himself said, we President Kennedy go to a summit meeting? that the lines are so tightly drawn now be~ have to do more. Rather than just raise the ·Mr. PIERPOINT. Does our space program tween the two countries that one side or the question of, Do we have adequate appropria­ need more money? other would have to · make some kind of a tions for our space program? I wonder what Mr. CHURCH. Is the broadcasting industry break, unless we were to have another stale­ you think should be added to it to make it fulfilling its obligation, Senator MAGNUSON? mate. adequate. Mr. VON FREMD. Senator Magnuson, wel­ Senator MAGNUSoN. That is correct. But Senator MAGNUSON. Well, Von, of course come once again to· "Capitol Cloakroom." that break-supposing there was evidence I have handled the space appropriation in Your appearance today is particularly timely, that somebody might make a break in this the Senate for some time now, and we have for among your important committee as­ particular case. That would have to come always recommended to the Senate just signments is aeronautics and space sciences, between Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Khrushchev, about what the experts down there ask for. and Alan Shepard's rocket ride has made · because the other level wouldn't be author­ In some instances we have prodded them a us all space conscious thei?e days. You axe ized to make those breaks. little more and said, "Well, now, can't you also chairman of the -Interstate and For­ Mr. PIERPOINT. Are you optimistic, Senator, proceed faster if we give you more money?" eign Commerce Committee which, among that there actually will be breaks in some of In many cases they discouraged us giving other things, follows the activities of the these trouble spots? them more money because they said, "We Federal regulatory agencies. Senator MAGNUSON. I think there will be can't proceed any faster for one reason or So we also want your comments on FCC breaks. I think sometimes that, say Mr. an·other," it inay be personnel, it may be the Commissioner Minow's recent observations Khrushchev states a position and Mr. Gro­ following through of technological problems about the networks. myko states a position, that sometimes the involved that take some time. details are not quite understood, and there But the overriding news today is the ap­ Now, it's my understanding that because parent meeting next month in Vienna, when could be an understanding of details in these particular cases that might lead to a of the success of the Mercury and Shepard's President Kennedy and Soviet Premier great achievement that they are -going to Khrushchev get together. break. And then you might go from one step to another. ask us for a little more to speed up, they So let's begin With this question: think now they can speed up the time of Should President Kennedy go to a summit Mr. PIERPOINT. Specifically on Laos, sir, which of course is the subject of another putting a man up in space, clear in orbit. meeting with Mr. Khrushchev? Now, if they do ask us for that, why, I Senator MAGNUSON. · Well, I; of course, be­ conference, the one at Geneva, is it not true that the administration has, in effect, writ­ am sure there would be very little opposi­ lieve, Mr. von Fremd, that any time we can tion to the request. sit down With someone, we don't have too ten off Laos, and that the Geneva Confer­ ence is simply a nice way of handing it over Mr. PIERPOINT. HOW much do you think much to lose. We might be able to gain they might ask you for, Senator? some of our objectives, paxticulaxly if the to the Communists? conference is prepared, the agenda, where Senator MAGNUSON. I don't have that im­ Senator MAGNUSON. Well, I've heard in they Will discuss certain important matters pression, that we have written off Laos. I db terms $60 or $70 million more that could and not · be thrown- off as to other matters have an impression that we have suggested do the .speedup in this particular project. · that maybe oannot be solved, and get into that there should be some changes maybe Mr. voN FREMD. What about some of the some kind of·a dispute or lack of agreement made in Laos to make it closer to being other programs, though, like Centaur, Sat­ and · completely miss some things where neutral than might have been suggested by urn, looking even further ahead to Pluto there might be an agreement. either Mr. Kennedy in the first instance, or and some of the others. Do you think that President Kennedy is a very persuasive Mr. Khrushchev in the first instance. you axe going to be asked to step up ap­ fellow, and a very likable fellow. And I am Mr. PIERPOINT. We do have some hope that propriations substantially in these fields? I sure that Khrushchev will find a certain it will be neutral then and· not immediately have heard the figure of $600 million around spirit of flexibility and understanding, more slide from neutralism into communism. town. than he suspected he might have gotten Senator MAGNUSON. And the two of them Senator MAGNUSON. I don't think so, be­ when they set up the other summit confer­ in a summit conference may come to some cause they feel that they are proceeding as ence, you know, that failed. agreement to not necessarily discard the one rapidly as possible. Now, there may be Mr. PIERPOINT. Well, Senator MAGNUSoN; extreme or the other extreme, but at least some further appropriations asked by the is it your understanding that this confer­ get them to come together toward a more Defense Department as the Polaris; I think ence Will be one where there will be a fixed neutral point in the country. we can do more on Polaris, so let's use that agenda of certain problems to be solved, or Mr. VON FREMD. On another world trouble as an example. will they simply talk over a lot of different spot, nearby Cuba, it seemed to me, Senator, But in the Space Agency itself, I think world· troubles? after the ill-fated invasion last month, that they think they are proceeding as fast as Senator MAGNusoN. Well, it's my under­ there was a strong body of opinion here on they can, and that money, extra money, standing that they will have a pretty fixed Capitol Hill, among the legislators, that this wouldn't make much difference in the end agenda to get right at, and to see if there country should use force, if necessary, to get result. And I think what we always ought can be some solution to--to some of the rid of Castro and get rid of him soon. And to understand is that we-we have a 10-year problems we now have that are pressing and then since then, this atmosphere seems to program. in the space scientists . . We hope are immediate. have subsided a bit. to come out at the end of that time with I don't suppose there would be any re­ Senator MAGNUSON. Well, I think, of the things we want to know. We hope to striction or suggestion that they couldn't, course, for about 48 hours following the so­ come out looking as well as any other coun­ after they got at these problems, to see called fiasco in Cuba, and the abuse that try involved, the Soviets or others, in this where we could, or how it might be worked was being heaped upon the United States, to great new space development and space out, where they might discuss many a va­ what extent we took part in it, how much research. And sometimes it's a question of riety of things. prestige we lost, there was a strong feeling where you put the emphasis. There are Mr. CHURCH. It seems to me, Senator of resentment up here, and I'm not so sure so many facets to it. MAGNusoN, that the administration appears that if somebody suggested we go down Now, as we move along, we find that in to be going toward the idea of just general there and do something about it in a mili­ one line of space activity, by the expendi­ discussion at such a summit meeting, and tary way, that on that particular day they ture of more money, we can speed up the then letting the specifics be handled by, on might have said, "All right." program. Maybe that would be completed the ambassadorial level. But, I do think that Kennedy stopped a by 7 years, but the whole program envisions Senator MAGNUSON. Well, the specifics, of lot of that loosely formed opinion when he a 10-yea.r-a 10-year activity. cou.rse, would be the major reason for the stood up and said, "I'll take the sole blame," Russia, of course, has placed-the Soviets coriferen -:e. And then they would have So we, in Congress, said, "Well, the Presi­ have placed the emphasis on rockets in general discussion, but surely there wouldn't degt has assumed the blame, the sole blame; space, not as much as we have on some of be any reason to go to the ambassadorial nqv.r we must sit down and let him proceed the other aspects of space, the scientific, level unless we fomid out, Mr. Kennedy an4 1n such a way as he sees possible." pure scientific aspects. · Mr. Khrushchev .found out at the original Well, now, 1t seems to me that no decision But that's not unusual for Russia, be­ summit meeti;ng, tl)at . there was . a . possi~ can be made regarding Cuba until we get cause I think people also should realize bility of tl)e. aml;>assad,ars or the other .Jeyel the Organization: of American States, at that way back in 1900, what little scientitlc to arrive at soD\~. ~oJ;u~ion. , . least the majority of them, or a substantial work they were doing in Russia under th~ 9382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 1 czars was in the rocket field. We were mak- that there are too many programs being put to fulfill their responsibillty better than lt ing automobiles, eombusion engines, we were forward, that It might be better to empha­ did in the prior 10, and I have lived with going into refrigeration and all these eon- size., say, half a dOBen major programs rather them :for-well, they made me a pioneer the sumer things that make a better way of life. than going off In all directions? other day of broadcasting, a: long time, but They weren't doing anything about that. Senator MAGNUSON. Well, there seems to be I think they have done an excellent job in Even farm implements we were having re- a lot of them, when you sit there and listen the past 2 years. But they had no place to searched. They weren't doing anything. to them. I mean it gets a little confusing. go but up. · · But, way back in 1898, there was a major But I do think that there have been sug­ Now, Mr. Minow and I were suggesting rocket society of which the Czar of Russia gestions that we consolidate the eft'orts or that they even do better. was the chief sponsor. the thlnklng on maybe four or five rather Mr. CHURcH. A moment ago you men­ Mr. voN F'REKD. Senator MAGNusoN-- than all of us-a great, a great spread of tioned Mr. Minow. I thought of the column Senator MAGNUSON. And then after the this missile program. I agree with you, in the Washington Post by Larry Laurent. Germans came along. in World War II, and there is some--but sometimes a lay member Senator MAGNUSON. Yes. got into this rocket field. Naturally, they who tries to look at it objectively can offer Mr. CHURCH. I imagine you knOW him. moved some of their men, some wag said some suggestions in this space race that we Senator MAGNUSON. I know him; yes. the other day, I heard that-the question have and missile race that are better than Mr. CHURCH. The columnist. of whether there 1s a gap between the So- the scientist who is working on them be­ He said that it had reached a point where viets and Russia and this missile and space cause he gets so involved in what he is doing anything in which the public was interested field 1s just how many Germans we got and he sometimes loses sight of the overall. is now considered in the public interest. how many they got, because they [laughter) Mr. PIERPOINT. Senator MAGNUSON, are you. Do you agree with that? they made practical application. going to continue to support this very ex- Senator MAGNUSON. You mean that the Now, Russia may be emphaslzing, we don't pensive antimlsslle missile program, the networks had reached that point? know exactly, this particular phase. But we Nike-Zeus program? Mr. CHURCH. Yes, wen• . the programing are hopeful that over the long pull that our Senator MAGNusoN. Well, I have had some people. achievements and our objectives will be just doubts about that program, whether it's Senator MAGNUSON. Well, I have heard as sound and just as worthwhile as any worth what we put into it. As of now, the many people who have been 1n charge o:f other country or combination in the world. best evidence I have that it's worthwhile to programs suggest to me when we might be Mr. voN FREMD. Senator MAGNUSON, you fit in at least, it may become obsolete much critical or having a discussion about it that, mentioned at the start o:f your answer to quicker than we imagine. well, this is what the public wants. And I had had to prod the civ1lian Space Agency. Mr. CHURcH. Senator MAGNUSON, in our always have thought that that criteria, they that question that on occasion the Congress business, that is the broadcasting business, should be leaders and not what the public When you have prodded, their answer has you are a VIP, and it's partly because of you wants because if that's all they get, I don't always been this 10-year plan that you are yourself and partly because you are chair- know how you know what they want. I had referring to? man of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce a long argument in many cases with some of Senator MAGNUsoN. Yes. Committee. the network people whom I know very well­ Mr. voN FREMD. And they say that it's the Senator MAGNUSON. We changed the name somebody. I said: "You follow a pattern orderly, step-by-step, proper way of doing of that, it is now the Senate Commerce Com- sometimes. If one network. puts on, say, a things. mittee. western that the people seem to like, the But is it going to be good enough just to Mr. CHURCH. Senate Commerce Commit- other network wants to put another western have this paper plan over a 10-year period? tee. on at the same time hoping they like it bet­ Isn't there any way in this entire decade senator MAGNusoN. Yes, but that's only ter. And then the third one wants to do this that we can find some way o:f leapfrogging last week. and then pretty soon you've got the public or are we just going to have to resign our- Mr. CHURCH. But it's just as important, getting nothing but westerns. I think maybe selves to Russia's continued lead? no matter what you call it. the approach should be whether it's prac-­ Senator MAGNusoN. Oh, I think we can do Mr. PIERPOINT. The news gets to us just tical or not-! am not in the business--but some leapfrogging, but we'll have to a little late. [Laughter.] whether it's practical or not; · maybe they change--we'll have to rearrange, you see, the Senator MAGNUSON. Yes. should put on a program that might not be priorities. the same or follow the leader at the same Now, world conditions or situations may Mr. CHuRcH. I asked you earlier, and I time so that the public could have some dictate that we rearrange a priority, that would like to hear your answer now, is the kind of a choice. we maybe even slow down one aspect and broadcasting industry fulfilling its obliga­ Mr. PIERPOINT. Well, Senator MAGNUSON, beef up another aspect. Now, this is where tions? one thing the public has shown that it the Space Committee, and the committee Senator MAGNUSON. Well, as you know, Mr.. wanted was political debates. I'm on, Appropriations, too, I think can con- Church, I have been-! have been often Senator MAGNUSON. Yes. tribute something to this. critical of the broadcasting industry. I Mr. PIERPOINT. It certainly watched those Mr. PIERPoiNT. Are you considering some have often questioned some of the things presidential debates last year during projects like this? that they were doing in the way of pro- the campaign, and I think you have got a Senator MAGNUSON. Well, 1 think we are graming or in the way of allocations. I bill that you would like to put through going to quiz them quite a bit in great de- have been critical of the FCC on some oc­ permanently suspending section 315. tail on whether or not we can leapfrog the casions. I know they have a most difficult Senator MAGNUSON. Yes.; 315. man in orbit, push that a little more, be• problem. I have been critical of the FCC Mr. PIERPOINT. Of the FCC Code. Well, cause of the dramatic aspects, the world, the mainly because they have sometimes it that bill has never gotten out of commit­ psychological effect on the rest of the world, seems to me they have failed to face up to tee and yet the public does want to see because it is dramatic. decisions, they let them sweep them under these debates. What is happening here? Mr. PIERPOINT. When would you like to the rug, just let them go. That was the Senator MAGNUSON. Well, we haven't see this achieved by the United States? allocati.on situation. given it a high priority, timewise, because Senator MAGNUsoN. Well, I think if we I think Mr. Minow, who m ade this dra- we needn't pass it until 4 years, because can do it this year, we are in good shape. matic appearance before the National As­ it only deals with the presidential candi­ And if we can then do more about it and get sociation here last week, stated a lot of dates. But I think we'll pass it, because the one to the moon, which is also another things that I had been thinking about or the public really not only enjoyed it, but I dramatic thing, I think it will all be helpful maybe I had talked about here and there thought they thought this was a great con­ and then maybe we can proceed in an or- and put them together. I think it's good to tribution. I feel good about it because I derly fashion on our missile problem because have in this new industry with all its prob­ authored the bill. as yet the relative milita:ry value of all the lems too, to have "a pike in the carp pond," Mr. PIERPOINT. You think it Will get missUes we have, the great collection of mis- once in a while. And, Mr. Minow surely through all right? sUes in some cases hasn't been exactly evidenced the fact that he 1s going to be a Senator MAGNUSON. Yes, I heard my friend, proven, whether one is better than the other, pike in a carp pond. my colleague, Senator JACKSON-he was whether we should abandon one or go ahead, Now, sometimes we fall into patterns in chairman of the Democratic National Com­ we have those constant arguments. And the business or what seems to the people in the mittee--and MORTON, who is also on my military often changes their mind. They broadcasting business to be right to them but committee, chairman of the Republican might be halfway in a program and decide, they fall into patterns and we drift along. I Committee, when they were asked one day well, here is something new, something bet- would not quite say that it was a vast waste­ who was the biggest contributor of the po­ ter, and this 1s the sort of guidance that we land. I think there are many practical prob­ litical parties, they said MAGNusoN was be­ as armchair generals, as it were, could give lems that are involved. But programing, of cause he gave them each about a million them within the framework of what we can course all o:f us want to be programers. I and a hail dollars worth o:f free time. . spend. have my idea of what programs should be but [Laughter.] Mr. voN FREMD. When you sit there fn the I am not; going to censure programing be­ Mr. CHURCH. Senator, on this 315, you say committee room and you hear all these mn- cause the people there want to do as good you think we are going to-it wUl be itary officials come up and testify about this a job as they can. passed-- · ·program and that program and the other - I think the broadcasting industry has done Senator MAGNUSON. I am sure we can. I program, do you sometimes get the feeling more in the past 2 years to become better, find that obligation-- i961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9383 Mr. CHURCH. Because the networks, you To you members of the class of 1961 it of the timber would be coming down, auto­ know, have to plan a long way ahead. marks the close of your high school days, mobiles would begin to appear, first in small Senator MAGNUSON. Yes, yes. and in the same breath, proclaims the com­ numbers, and then by the thousands. Mr. CHURCH. And the sooner, the quicker, mencement of a new era in your individual In other words, things would begin to look I would think. lives. very lively. Senator MAGNUSON. I am going to try and You young men and women have been This is exactly what science has meant to at least get it through the Senate this ses­ fortunate in being reared and educated in us, changes, mostly for the better, but sion, and then see if the House will work a law-abiding community of this God­ changes nonetheless, occurring at a quicker on it. fearing Nation of free people. and quicker pace. Now, another phase, of course, our com­ You have been blessed with good parents You would see the face of Pennsylvania mittee has been very active in educational and the advantages of a high school educa­ changing very fast. TV, and I see that that has now passed the tion. And the same would be true of the rest House, and we will have a conference or, it's Therefore, cherish until death the ideals of the country. out on the floor--out of the subcommittee, and principles instilled in you by yo-q.r Such a film would give you some idea of rather-and will pass the House, and we'll good teachers and fond parents. the scientific pace and how it is quickening. get that going. You owe a lasting debt of gratitude to your But such a film would by no means give Now, there's another thing where the-I parents and a solemn duty to guard their you a complete picture of the information envision we're going to have a fourth net­ good name. · and knowledge which man has been acquir­ work in this country. No doubt on graduation day you are ing in the last 50 years. Mr. PIERPOINT. Government network? concerned with the thought of whether you You all know there are countless scien­ Senator MAGNUSON. No. We're going to will make a name for yourself. tific achievements, which would not be have an educational TV network. All these And while you ponder over the subject depicted on this film, for example, the vac­ educational TV people are going to have a I hope you will remember that the fact cines which prevent infantile paralysis. network. you live in a small town is no reason to What I have just said, in perhaps a Mr. PIERPOINT. But they get Government assume you cannot ascend to a high posi­ roundabout way, is that the impact of sci­ funds, won't they, under your bill? tion in life. ence on our lives is increasing. Senator MAGNUSON. Only for the construc­ Many of the most successful men and Another way of illustrating this, and a tion of some of these that haven't got off women in American life were born in small graphic one it seems to me, is this: the ground, and it's only for a 2-year period. communities. It has been estimated, that of all the Mr. VON F'REMD. It WOUld have to be, I They had faith in God, vision, courage, and scientists who ever lived in all of recorded would think, then, financed by the Ford determination, which coupled with hard history, ao percent are alive, and at work Foundation or some group that saw fit; work enabled them to reach their goal in today. wouldn't it? life. I want to direct my remarks, not to this Senator MAGNUSON. Oh, by the State leg­ You members of the class of 1961, are fact of the scientific revolution, but rather to islatures, the universities, private contribu­ graduating into what has been termed, be­ its implications, what it means for you, your tions, and things of that kind, because we cause of scientific progress, "The Atomic and classmates, and for all our citizens. are not using 213 of the channels that have Space Age." been assigned. It may be wrong to speak of this par­ MILITARY SECURITY Now, surprisingly, here is where the net­ ticular decade as a scientific' age because the No doubt you are aware in these days that works, I think, did a great public service. impact of physics and chemistry and biology m111tary power goes hand in hand with the They all came out wholeheartedly and sup­ on our lives has been increasing for some state of a nation's scientific effort. ported this educational TV, which involves time now, and will continue to increase in You have probably also noticed that the channels which are worth millions, and they the future. competition between the United States and feel that by having that level of a fourth Scientific knowledge is growing at a tre­ the Soviet Union, in scientific and techno­ network, that will have a tendency to bring mendous rate, and if we plotted it on a line logical achievements, is carried on for propa­ up the programing level of any programing graph, the curve would be soaring toward ganda purposes, as well as military. on the network that is opposite to it. the top of the graph. It is for this reason that we must make Mr. voN FREMD. Thank you very much, As a matter of fact, it would be almost certain that we are doing everything we Senator MAGNUSON, for being with us. We vertical. possibly can to promote and encourage sci­ have touched a lot of bases and it's been fun, Forty years hence, if some of you glance entific investigation. as it always is, to have you with us on "Capi­ backward to the 1960's from your vantage This country has every reason to be con­ tol Cloakroom." point in the 21st century, there will prob­ fident about our position in this scientific ably be several memories of how primitive race. things were in this day and age. Even the Russians appear to concede this. Then I suppose you will launch into some Premier Khrushchev goes around the Rus­ reminiscences about what Pennsyl•rania was sian countryside and industrial centers, and Baccalaureate Exercises, Northern Cam­ like when you were a youngster. exhorts the workers to work harder, so that bria High School, Barnesboro, Pa., And I bet that much of what you say will in their production of goods and agricultural sound different and strange to your grand­ products, they can overtake and surpass the May 28, 1961 children. United States. For that reason they may become easily This economic strength of ours is testi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS bored with what you are trying to tell them, mony to our scientific ability. because our way of life changes quickly, and But in certain areas of activity the Rus­ OF almost without being noticed. sians have shown that they too can do all I wonder if you have ever seen time­ right. HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT lapse photography. They are reputed to be excellent physicists OF PENNSYLVANIA This is where you take a picture of the and mathematicians. same object at given intervals and then run IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the negatives in sequence through a In some other fields, it is reported, they do not measure up. Thursday, June 1, 1961 projector. It is used .a good deal in photographing But the first sputnik, the moon shot, the Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, it was flowers. I think Walt Disney has employed size of payload which the Russians can orbit, my privilege on May 28, 1961, to deliver it in his nature films quite often. and the orbiting satellite with Yuri Gagarin First, you would see the flower before it inside, seem to me to be impressive argu­ the following address at the baccalau­ ments on the question of Russian know­ reate exercises of Northern Cambria has begun to bloom, then slowly it begins to bloom, and finally it appears in all its how. High School, Barnesboro, Pa.: color and glory. We should, therefore, take these people AnDRESS DELIVERED BY REPRESENTATIVE JAMES The same type of sequence would follow, seriously. E. VANZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH I am sure, if we had aerial photographs of I am not sure, whether you graduating DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, AT THE NORTH• Pennsylvania taken every year between 1760, seniors remember a few years back, when ERN CAMBRIA HIGH SCHOOL BACCALAUREATE for example, and 1961. the argument was heard that we had noth­ EXERCISES, BARNESBORO, PA., MAY 28, 1961 What would the finished film look like? ing to fear from Moscow, because the atmos­ It is pleasing to have been invited to Well, first I suspect there wouldn't be phere of the Soviet State stifled scientific deliver the baccalaureate address incident much to notice because there would be few enterprise. to the Northern Cambria High School gradu­ changes in our aerial map for the earlier Whether science is stifled under a Com· ation exercises. periods. munist system of government is a hard Graduation day is a momentous occasion Then you would begin to notice things question to answer. in the life of every person who has been more sharply. The Russians apparently treat their scien­ given the opportunity of acquiring an educa­ Towns and cities would develop. More tists and engineers far better than the aver­ tion. and more roads would be coming in, much age Soviet citizen. 9384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 1 · These people have higher salaries, more "Do you wonder that they don't like us liability of the various inspection and con­ privileges, and a high place in the Soviet a.ll that much? trol sys.teins that have been -proposed? social system. "Do you wonder that we sometimes feel So the citizen's responsibility of keeping By the only standards they know, they are ashamed of ourselves as we look out through informed is a much harder task than it ever probably satisfied. that plate glass?" was before. · In any event, I notice that the argument The restlessness of these nations with : But you must perform it. I mentioned before has not been used so their rising expectations is one of the cen­ There is no other way. much lately. tral facts of international life. Many of our newspapers and magazines I think we are becoming aware that Rus­ As I said, it has both heartening and do an excellent job of reporting the scien­ sian science can be a threat to us when frightening aspects. tific news. it is used in military applications. - Science has given us the know-how to And they are devoting more o! their re­ This puts us in the proper frame of mind, eliminate hunger and raise standards of sourc.es to the effort of brinfP.ng this news so that we can make sure we maintain our living. to the reader. overall scientific superiority. But it also leads to impatience and tur­ And even in the drugstore these days you One of the eloquent commentators on bulence in those nations who are now be­ can purchase inexpensive paperbaC'k books the dangers of smugness on our part, has ginning to realize what they have been in language you can understand on nuclear been Adm. Hyman G. Rickover, the father missing. physics, radio astronomy, and other scien­ of the atomic submarine. I hope you will be giving this whole prob­ tific subjects. Here is what he wrote in the Saturday lem your close attention during the next This is a healthy trend, in fact vital for Evening Post last year, February 13, 1960: few years. our national life, and it is only in its be­ "Russia, Japan, and other nations, which LEISURE TIME ginning stages. were once industrially backward, have dem­ Now I want to talk about one of the conse­ As time passes, it seems to me, there will­ onstrated that the whole of the science and quences of the scientific revolution that has be more and more demand for journalists· technology, invented by the most advanced nothing to do with the cold war. who can bridge the gap between the activi-. nations, can be acquired in a relatively short · In its long-term effects on our lives and ties of the scientific community and the lay­ period of time, given enough determination our society it may be equally significant. man's necessity for being kept informed. and readiness, to sacrifice present comfort This is the question of leisure time, and Of course, as voters, you simply won't for the sake of future gain. the use we make of it. have the time to learn enough about every "In consequence even the mo~t advanced Science has put this time on our, hands topic that you should know about. nation will not retain its headstart, unless and sometimes we don't seem to know what All I am asking is that you avoid the at-· it continues to progress faster ~an the to do with it. titude which some people have adopted. rest of the world. I don't know if this occurs to you as a usually lazy people, when they say: "A headstart can easily be lost, chiefly problem or not; when I was younger the "This is science. because it tends to breed a sense of supe­ day. never seemed to have enough hours in "I'm just a layman. riority which leads to complacency and slack­ it. "This doesn't concern me, and even if it ening of effort. But for many of our people, for some of did, I probably wouldn't understand any- ·. "At the same time, the enormous drive our older citizens who have retired, and for way." . which pushes a technically backward nation persons who are chained to the routine of Instead, you should have the attitude of ahead, is apt to give it momentum well the 40-hour week, it seems to present real inquiry and healthy skepticism. beyond the point where it has caught up." difficulties. Rather than labeling some question of So if we don't get overconfident I believe They have trouble keeping themselves en­ national policy with the magic word that our scientific effort will be equal to tertained. science, so that you can ignore it with a. whatever tasks are needed for our mil1tary They are bored. clear conscience, your duty as voters and security. · They watch television for hours and think citizens is to keep yourself informed. they are having a good time. This is so whether you are a housewife, UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS I even think I've noticed a teenager, from a farmer, or an electrical engineer. I have mentioned one of the implications time to time, wandering along with a What I have just said was also said by of this scientific age, the fact that military transistor radio pressed to his ear and a President Eisenhower in his farewell speech security is closely bound up with scientific vacant look on his face. to the Nation January 17. primacy. Probably the use a person makes of his I quote: A second implication of the scientific revo­ leisure time should be left up to him. "In holding scientific research and dis­ lution concerns the underdeveloped coun­ · Personally, I would like to see these off covery in respect, as we should, we must tries of the world. hours used more constructively. also be alert to the danger that public These countries have been called the As a nation we could do more serious policy could itself become the captive of a emerging nations, or, in the terminology of reading than we do. scientific-technological elite. the cold war, the uncommitted nations. Also, I think we could do more studying, "It is the task of statesmanship to mold, Here in this seventh decade of the 20th not because we're in school, but because we to balance, and to integrate, these and century. we are rapidly getting to the point have come across some topic or question that other forces, new and old, within the prin­ where we will have the tools and technology looks interesting, and could prove to be ciples of our democratic system-ever aim­ to eliminate the misery of hunger where it ing toward the supreme goals of our free fascinating if we learned more about it. society." · · exists in these countries, and the misery of There are more and more opportunities disease where it remains unchecked. You young people are living in exciting also for getting into projects to improve our times. · These twtn oppressors, with their soul­ communities, meeting new friends, and ex­ destroying and energy-sapping consequences, changing ideas. The Lindberghs of the present day fly still hold sway in many areas of the globe; These are the types of things we could in missiles at 5,000 miles per hour and the in our own hemisphere as well as in Asia do with our leisure. oceans they cross are oceans of space. and Africa. The important thing is to keep checking Nuclear submarines circle the globe with­ Many of these peoples are restless and im­ out coming above the water. yourself, find out whether or not you're Many of our achievements and prospective patient for industrialization and progress. bored, and then take steps to change your This impatience, when it is combined with routine and acquire a new skill or develop triumphs will be thrilling in a quieter way. extreme nationalism, can lead to violence. a new interest. In the next decade scientists may learn Often in these nations there are Com­ the met.hod of controlling fusion reactions munists seeking to exploit the situation and THE CITIZEN'S ROLE so as to make energy out of the heavy hydro­ to create the cha.os on which Communist­ A final implication of our scientific revo­ gen in our oceans. inspired movements feed. lution is the difficulty the citizen encoun­ Salt will be taken out of sea water and Also, in many cases, there are local lead­ ters when he attempts to keep informed the water used to irrigate the desert. ers, who are willing to be demagogs, to about his government's activities. New techniques will be developed for min­ suit their own political ambitions. Who, for example, can say whether safety ing the oceans to extract valuable minerals So you can see, there are disturbing and regulations, laid down by the Federal Avia­ which they contain. dangerous possib1lities in this situation, as tion Agency for commercial fliers, are ade­ And further steps will be taken to make well as its hopeful side. quate unless he understands what the prob­ feasible the commercial mining of low-grade Sir Charles P. Snow, the British scientist lem· is? ores, for other minerals the supply of which and novelist, used the following comparison Who can decide for himself whether he is becoming depleted. in this regard: approves of our voluntary ban on nuclear As these big and dynamic events take "We are sitting like people in a smart test.ing unless he has some notion of how place, 1 hope you will be alert and fasci­ and cozy restaurant, and we are eating com­ much radiation these tests produce and of nated observers of them, not simply of a fortably, looking out of the window into how much radiation would be harmful in given scientific breakthrough itself, but of the streets. a given case? its meaning and prospects, for your family "Down on the pavement are people who Or, to take a third example how can we and your community. · are looking up at us, people who, by chance get a very good idea of what the arguments I have listed some of the implications of have different colored skins from ours, and are about in the Geneva disarmament talks this nuclear and space age which seem im­ are rather hungry. unless we have an idea of the actual re· portant to me: 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9385 The military dimension, the emerging n.a-. Appalachians, where the industrial of- refugee children in West Germany tions, the wise use of this leisure time we crisis of 1929 had created great economic and Austria. As Greece struggled to have made for oruselves, and finally.. the citizen's heightened task of -keeping hllnl;elf distress-. The collection and distribu­ -its feet after the repulse of Communist informed. tion of used clothing was part of tbe fed­ guerrillas, SCF extended aid to Greek I know each of you is sincere in your de­ eration's original :effort· to relieve the children. Similarly, the federation sire to measure up to the responsiblllties pressing need in the southern mountains. went to work in Korea after the creation confronting you in this challenging and ex­ Later, schoolbooks and school furniture of the Republic of South Korea. citing age. and equipment were channeled to the Programs based on personal sponsor­ The energy and intelligence of you young backwoods schools in the mountain areas. child relationships continue to fill an Americans give me every reason to be confident. · More than 100,000 school desks and 800,- important need. Over 7,000 American In conclusion It has been a happy privi­ 000 textbooks were distributed in a dec­ individuals and groups sponsor more lege to deliver your baccalaureate address. ade. As local school support became than 8,000 boys and girls in many coun­ In congratulating you upon reaching this available from the States, this aspect of tries, maintaining continuing personal important milestone in your lives I add the the federation's program was dropped. correspondence with these children and fervent wish that it may prove to be on~ Today school sponsorship in the south­ their families. The enrichment of lives more stepping stone on your road to future ern mountains have become community on both sides of this child-sponsorship happiness and success. self-help programs. At present there are relationship has had an untold influence five SCF community counselors in 193 for good; has helped to increase the feel­ counties in Kentucky, Tennessee, Vir­ ing of personal interest and involvement Save the Children Federation ginia, and Missouri. They administer between individuals and families; has community self-help programs for broken down barriers of language and EXTENSION OF REMARKS schoolchildren, by which playgrounds race by the common tongue of friendship. OF have been cleared and built, buildings The emphasis of the federation Qas have been wired for electricity, kitchen increasingly been directed to the self­ HON. HERBERT ZELENKO equipment installed, and children who help aspects of its programs. Self-help OF NEW YORK have been chronically undernourished as a method of attacking the basic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now enjoy hot lunches for the first time causes of poverty is the federation's in their school careers. major contribution in the field of social Thursday, June 1, 1961 The federation's clothing program­ welfare. The self-help concept rests Mr. ZELENKO. Mr. Speaker, under SCF bundle days-has become an in­ on the principle that people are willing unanimous consent, I take pleasure in creasingly significant event. Last year to use their unemployed time, their informing the Nation of the noble work 6 million boys and girls in the Nation's strength, their skills, and available ma­ of the Save the Children Federation. schools collected and sent to SCF ware­ terials to improve the lives of their chil­ This organization is fulfilling, both in houses over 2 million pounds of high­ dren if they are shown how this can letter and in spirit, the high purposes grade used clothing, much of which was be done without loss of dignity and with­ set forth in President Kennedy's inaugu­ made available in the southern moun­ out accepting charity. The federation's ral address, when he said: tains and other troubled areas to per­ success has been obtained by a pooling To those people in the huts and villages mit the ill-clad children of underprivi­ of the skilled professional guidance of of half the globe, struggling to break the leged areas to be warmly dressed and to its fieldworkers, modest grants or loans bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best go regularly to school. where actual cash is needed, and the etforts to help them help themselves. • • • labor, talents, and interest of the people If a free society cannot help the many who In addition to the southern mountains are poor, it cannot save the few who are programs, the federation has been active themselves. Here is sharing in the best rich. for years among the Indians in the sense of the word-a sharing of a mutual American Southwest. In April1948, the interest in and concern for the benefit Save the Children Federation rooms and meals used better food; better health-and a new the use of an expense account will be by business travelers, and is funda­ generation equipped to meet the chal­ disastrous to the economy of the New mentally unsound. If our country has lenge of a changing world. By taking Jersey resort areas, and I must judge reached the point in its economy where part in self-help activities, both the par­ that the same would apply to all areas it demands price fixing and controls, ents and the children learn the Ameri­ catering to this great segment of our then it should be across the board and can way of cooperation and individual economy-the convention business. Pro­ not attempt it on any one industry or self-reliance instead of continued de­ fessional convention managers either business, and in no event, should one pendence on charity that destroys hu­ employed by corporations or trade asso­ segment of the economy be discrimi­ man dignity. ciations, have purposely built up the use nated against as would occur under such Funds to carry forward the work of of resorts for convention purposes be­ recommendations. SCF come not only from individual con­ cause they have a captive audience and The inclusion of yachts, hunting tributors, but by group participation. are not subject to the distractions of lodges, and tropical clubs as income tax Women's clubs, service organizations, metropolitan areas. deductions by an individual or corpora­ even the crews of some of our naval Atlantic City has the largest conven­ tion is wrong, and I can agree that this ships, have joined in supporting this tion hall in the world, which has just should not be permitted. However, I work. Business firms across the Nation been completely renovated under a $4 do resent the Secretary of the Treasury are supporting SCF by sponsoring in­ million renovation program, and its floor emphasizing these extreme tax a voiding dividual children and backing com­ space increased by thousands of square schemes, and implying they are typical munity self-help. Here is an oppor­ feet for display of merchandise and of all business expenditures. I am tunity and a challenge to American other items, which enable an industry amazed that the Secretary of the Treas­ enterprise to take a truly constructive to display its accomplishments from year ury can say that there should be a per­ hand in basic development abroad, and to year, and enables the businessman to diem limitation applicable to business one that is being accepted and used with keep up with what is new in his line of travel at $30 a day, and that he would increasing effectiveness. endeavor. I have watched these conven­ call this realistic. I am sure that he and We, at SCF, believe that the self-help tions personally for years, and I know all other officers and employees in Gov­ principle should be basic to all giving that they are conducted in a business­ ernment would find it very hard to get as a means of achievement of the goal like manner, serve a very important pur­ by on business travel and lodging limited outlined by the President in his message pose in our domestic economy, and the to such an amount. and further implemented in his Peace time which is given to social contacts I am definitely opposed to any such Corps program. and entertainment does not detract from price fixing, and this is what it will It is through pooling of individual the serious and fruitful endeavor of the amount to, and I · insist that the harm skills, sharing of labor for a common meetings and displays planned months and loss to seashore resorts and other cause, proving that men of differing in advance for the convention. areas benefiting from convention and races, languages, and customs can work I cannot conceive how any restrictions business travel will be a hundredfold together for a mutual goal, that inter­ on convention and business spending will greater than any hoped for increase in national good will and collective respon­ produce $250 million a year in additional tax collection. sibility can be attained. The goal of the taxes, and such an assumption is quite Federation is that of helping others to unrealistic for the following reasons: help themselves by extending the hand First. The money involved is ear­ of friendship backed by a readiness to marked for sales promotion by most busi­ Delta Council Address match effort with knowledge and means. ness enterprise. It is unsound to think that any business would not seek to divert The President's message has strength­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ened our hands here at the Federation such earmarked funds to other areas and augurs well for the days that lie that are deductible, such as advertising, OF ahead. television, et cetera. The money' thus, will not be brought down in profits to HO~. FRANK E. SMITH · a taxable level. OF MISSISSIPPI Second. Such limitation will adversely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Disaster for Resort Business affect the service industries; that is, transportation, restaurants and hotels, Thursday, June 1, 1961 EXTENSION OF REMARKS which are large employers. A campaign Mr. SMITH of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, on last Thursday, May 25, at OF by Internal Revenue Service has already reduced spending by convention people. the annual meeting of the Delta Council, HON. MILTON W. GLENN In this regard, in most hotels in the re­ our distinguished colleague, the Honor­ OF NEW JERSEY sort areas there has been a steady· de­ able HAROLD D. COOLEY, chairman Of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cline in profits for the last 3 years since Committee on Agriculture of the House this antibusiness campaign was started of Representatives, was the featured Thursday, June 1, 1961 by the Internal Revenue Service. For speaker. Some 3,000 people heard Mr. Mr. GLENN. Mr. Speaker, as a Rep- · instance, in one hotel brought to my CoOLEY's highly important message and resentative of the Second Congressional attention, the income tax was $16,000 I think it is worthy of the attention of all District of New Jersey, I am quite famil- last year as compared to $200,000 3 years the Members of Congress. · 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9387 Under unanimous consent, I include not beclouded by emphasis upon surplus and dedicated determination to work with farm­ Mr. COOLEY'S address: subsidy. ers in dealing with these problems. Farmers' realized net income from farm­ I think that I can report to you without REMARKS OF HON. HAROLD D. COOLEY, OF ing in 1960 totaled only $11.6 blllion, a de­ reservation that the farmers of America have NORTH CAROLINA, CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE cline of 26 percent from the 1947-49 average. found a true champion of their cause in ON AGRICULTURE, U.S. HoUSE OF REPRE­ In 1960 the net income per farm from farm­ Orville Freeman, who so recently became our SENTATIVES, BEFORE THE DELTA COUNCIL, ing, despite the decline in the number of Secretary of Agriculture. He is a student. CLEVELAND, MISS., THURSDAY, MAY 25, 1961 farms, was 20 percent below the 1947-49 He is -able. He has the voice, the will, and I am greatly honored to be the guest of average. the heart to speak out for farmers. Delta Council on the occasion of your 26th These income losses resulted largely from In a few short months Orville Freeman annual meeting. I know of the historic a 12-percent reduction in average prices re­ has grasped the responsibilities and intri­ significance of some of your meetings of the ceived by farmers from the 1947--49 average cacies of his office and he has dared to lead. past and I know that the future meetings and a 20-percent rise in prices paid for items In these same months he has inherited and will play an important part in the history used in family living and in farm produc­ he is now bearing the weight and the burden of our country. tion. The parity ratio, which measures the of all the conflicts within the ranks of agri­ Delta Council is a Mississippi organization, relative price position of farmers, declined culture and of all the prejudices against but its influence in agricultural matters is from 108 in 1947--49 to 80 in 1960, a drop of farmers that in these last few years have nationwide. For many years the House Com­ 26 percent. been engendered among our consuming mittee on Agriculture has invited leaders City people are uninformed on the cost­ friends in the cities. from your organization to present their views price squeeze that now is strangling agri­ You witnessed what happened when Free­ on every type of agricultural legislation that culture; indeed, many have been led to man came forward with his first major legis­ has been before us. These recominendations believe that farmers are getting fat on Gov­ lative proposal-the feed grains bill. You have always been of great value to the com­ ernment checks. no doubt grasp in the ensuing conflict on mittee and the Congress as a whole. The decline in income, of course, has not this bill a portent of troubled days, months, The leaders of your organization have been been uniform for all crops or for all classes and perhaps years ahead. influential in determining policy decisions of farms. You people here in the Delta The feed grains bill was similar in virtually of the great agricultural organizations and certainly have been more fortunate than all respects to legislation introduced by the Department of Agriculture. Their knowl­ farmers in some areas, and you have had leaders of both political parties in the pre­ edge of agriculture plus their national view­ tougher luck than some other areas. vious Congress. But when I offered this bill point will always give them high priority in The Delta is an agricultural region of gen­ in the new 87th Congress as the administra­ the Nation's agricultural councils. erally rich land which normally produces tion-sponsored measure, party lines formed I will say especially that we in Washington yields of cotton and other adapted crops fast and hard. · are always pleased when B. F. Smith visits considerably above the average. It is, how­ Our job in the Congress is difficult enough with us, to keep us abreast of the work and ever, a high-cost area and in years when when the facts go out to the people, but views of the Delta Council. something less than an average crop is har­ when planned and promoted misinformation FARMERS SELF-RELIANT AND INDEPENDENT vested your farmers suffer serious financial and downright falsehoold are used to con­ reverses. fuse the people, then we must wonder Now, at the outset of this discussion, I As I recall, 1957 was such a year in the whether the public good can be served. would like to emphasize to you that I have Delta. Wet weather completely prevented While the feed grains bill was before the been guided through all the years by a firm cotton harvest on some farms, while on Congress our dairy farmers, our poultry pro­ conviction that the farmers of America are practically all others the amount and qual­ ducers, and others who use feed were told the most independent, and the most self-re­ ity of the harvest was poor. A serious emer­ that the legislation would shoot feed prices liant, of all the people in our economy and gency financing program developed in which out the roof. On the other hand, it was in our democratic society, and that farmers both the cooperative farm credit system and whispered to our farmers producing grain want the Government to do nothing for the Farmers Home Administration made spe­ that the blll would knock their prices out them that they can do for themselves. cial efforts to supplement local credit to of the bottom. Then, when those out to de­ The Delta Council is a perfect demonstra­ farmers. feat this program couldn't find something tion to the Nation at large of the determina­ I am told that many Delta farmers still else to say, they just yelled "socialism." I tion of farmers and of the rest of the people have not recoveree fully from the setback in believe you know who was back of this kind in an agricultural area to do-to make do­ 1957. of business. for themselves. It is deeply satisfying to me that I have In the showdown on the House floor, the By your efforts, conversely and perhaps been able to work with you through the years bill barely survived. Only four members of ironically, you simultaneously have demon­ in developing the farm policies, of adjusted the minority party voted with us. Only a strated that no matter how hard farmers production, price supports and reasonable last minute surge of votes by city members may try, to the limit of their brains, in credit, which have served this Delta country saved the legislation. their full devotion to the land and in the to weather adversity and to maintain your Thus the feed grains bill, the first great expenditure of their energy, they cannot go economy on the land. effort in agriculture by the new administra­ it alone in the economic stream where our The farmers of the Delta, the farmers of tion, was born and baptized in the Congress Government has provided to other areas of North Carolina, and the farmers of the Na­ by great and bitter partisan strife, and amid our economy-to industry and to labor-so tion have come through some hard times to­ confusion manufactured py the opposition. many protections, so many safeguards, so gether in these last few years. At times I As of now it seetns that this program may many powers above the law of supply and have despaired that so many of our farmers write one of our real success stories in deal­ demand. The Government has responsibility have dwelt so constantly at the edge of in­ ing with farm problems. It is popular in also to the farmers of America. solvency and bankruptcy. the corn country. It will bring down our Everyone here knows that without the You will recall that the farm program of surpluses. It is improving the income of Government cotton program this rich delta the 1930's brought us through the great farmers. spread along the great Mississippi today depression. Our cotton program operated ADMINISTRATION FARM BILL would be bankrupt. for some 22 or 23 years, to the great ad­ Let us hold this 1n mind while we look Now let us turn briefly to the administra­ vantage of our cotton farmers, and at an tion's general farm bill, known as the Agri­ backward briefly and then take a fresh look actual profit to the Government of some at the Nation's agriculture, and while we cultural Act of 1961. $268 million. Then a low price philosophy This bill, the heart of it, seeks to provide meditate and counsel together on the fur­ began to dominate our farm policies, and the ther direction we shall give our Government the procedures and the machinery whereby income of our farmers lessened year by year. farmers can work together, in cooperation in the development of policies intended to At times I feared we might be without a afford to the farmers of ·this country the with government, to adjust their production program at all. Our profit of $268 million to modern needs and conditions; and there­ opportunity to share equitably in the re­ in the cotton program turned into a loss over wards of free enterprise. by to achieve for themselves fair incomes, the last 5 years of approximately $1,184 as they make available to consumers ade­ NATION UNAWARE OF FARM PLIGHT million. quate supplies at fair prices. Perhaps the deterioration of the agricul­ A NEW DAY It seeks to give and apply to farmers, tural economy in recent years needs n:o spell­ Now there is a new day for agriculture-­ commodity by commodity, the precise tools ing out for you people of the Delta .council. or perhaps I should say there is a prospect and principles of free enterprise that have But I am impelled to lay down. a . few facts of a new day, or the possibility of a new day been employed by industry since our be­ and figures every time the opportimity pre­ in agriculture. ginning as a free people by providing the sents itself, for it is absolutely appalllng to It is not my purpose to inject politics into means whereby producers may fit their pro­ me that the nonfarm public is almost to­ this discussion. I would have done with duction to their markets and may put a tally unaware of the current critically low partisan politics in agriculture, now and for­ price tag on their production that will level of farm income. i am always hopeful, evermore. But the truth would not be represent their costs plus a reasonable profit on occasions when I speak, that some of the served if I failed to emphasize to you th~t : that will support their families on an Amer­ truth about agriculture may seep through there is a new climate for the farmer -in ican standard of living. to our urban friends who for .so long a time Washington, a new sympathy for his prob­ Senator ELLENDER of Louisiana, chairman have heard little about agriculture that was lems and his aspirations, and a new and of the Senate Committee on Agriculture and 9388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 1 Forestry, and I, as chairman of the House It is not my fear now that the Congress place in Europe as the result of the last Committee on Agriculture, introduced the will abdicate its responsibility to agriculture, war and since the end of that war, but administration bill. but that agriculture, by yielding to the one of the most welcome changes was the Then the roof seemed to fall in. I never forces of misinformation, misrepresentation, in my life have witnessed such misinforma­ and confusion, may abdicate in its oppor­ birth of the Republic of Italy. Fifteen tion, misrepresentation, and absolute non­ tunities-perhaps the last opportunities­ years ago on June 2 the Kingdom of sense as 11as been spread around the country to put sense and soundness into the farm Italy came to an end, and the Republic on the intent and purpose of this proposed economy of this country. of Italy was born. Even more welcome legislation. You are aware that we farmers represent was the fact that this radical change Anonymous propaganda sheets have been now less than 10 percent of the population. was brought about by an orderly demo­ circulated on Capitol Hill, damning the bill. Our strength of numbers in the Congress cratic process, by popular referendum. In Louisiana a report was spread among has waned. Since its rise and its fast growth dur­ warehousemen that if the bill becomes law COTTON IN A FARM PROGRAM then farmers will take their cotton out of ing that relatively short time, the Re­ bonded warehouses and store it on their I was rather surprised earlier in the week public of Italy has had its ups and downs farms. In my own State of North Carolina when a prominent cotton leader stood at and faced many hardships and difficul­ and in other tobacco States our farmers were my desk and told me that cotton is in good ties, especially in its early years. But served up with the appalling falsehood that shape. His inference was that any consider­ ation of cotton need not be embraced in the industrious and extremely hard­ if we pass this bill the tobacco allotments working people of Italy, with their de­ will no longer run to the farms, but to the the new farm legislation producers, and tenants at any time may The Department of Agriculture reports voted and dedicated leaders, have had move to another farm and take the land­ that domestic consumption of cotton is ex­ their reward of joy and satisfaction in owner's allotment with him. pected to be down about 1 million bales this the strengthening of their democratic Can you imagine the character of people year from the 9 million bales consumed Government. Even before the formal in our democratic society who would use last year. The per capita use of cotton in termination of the last war, devastated such falsehood and such tactics? There is this country has dropped in the last 10 years by roughly one-fourth, in competition with and war-ravaged Italy lay prostrate at no more probability that such things would the feet of her victorious foes. At the happen under this bill than that the Con­ synthetic fibers and matarials. The De­ gress tomorrow will enact legislation to bring partment expects our total export of cotton time she appeared to be ready prey to about such conditions or events. in 1960-61 to run about 6.5 million bales, divisive forces and thus an easy victim I will be the first to say to you that the down about 700,000 from the previous year. of Communist ideology. Her economy, administration's bill now pending in the And adding to my concern, is the great in­ her finances, and her industry were all Congress is far from perfect. No bill of such flux of cotton textile goods from abroad. wrecked, and nearly everything was in a general character can be perfect upon its Foreign textile mills are taking great ad­ vantage of the fact that our cotton program disorder and chaos, everything except introduction. This is especially true in view the robust determination of the people of the short time the administration had permits the sale abroad of American pro­ in which to present general farm legislation duced cotton at substantially lower prices to face all such national calamities real­ to this Congress, in time for action this year. than our own mills must pay. istically and courageously. Fortunately, The proposed legislation provides that a Not all is gloom, of course. There are during this most critical period of Italy's committee of producers of a specific com­ m any bright spots for cotton. The possi­ recent history, two important, one might modity would consult with the Secretary to bilities of research in new uses and in pro­ say two decisive, factors worked in Italy's motions are exciting and challenging. But develop and recommend a program for that does anyone here believe for a moment that favor. commodity. The Secretary would recommend The character of the people of Italy a program based on these consultations. To our cotton problems have been solved, and become effective it would require approval we shall need no further recourse to the and the caliber of their leaders on the by the President, sanction by the Congress, Government to change, revise, and improve one hand, .and the imaginative states­ and approval by two-thirds vote of the the public policies now applicable to cotton? manship displayed by American and Brit­ Then think upon what your representa­ ish Governments on the other, were the producers. tives from the cotton country will face when The bill would establish agricultural pro­ they again go into the House or into the two factors which saved Italy from fur­ cedures, not programs. Senate carrying legislation to deal with cot­ ther ravages, and were at least indirectly CONGRESS WILL NOT ABDICATE RESPONSmiLITY ton alone. Cotton is a southern crop. I instrumental in bringing about the Re­ FOR AGRICULTURE would not like to confront the prospects public of Italy. Perhaps the most serious worry about the ahead if cotton were excluded from general Today, more than 16 years after the legislation is that in its original draft it legislation intended to enable the producers conclusion of the war in Europe, and 15 provided that any c'ommodity program of the various commodities to deal with their years after the birth of new Italy under would come up to the Congress where it problems in the years ahead. We must think and work together on these the republican form of government, we could be rejected, but, if not, the program can see the working of multiple forces, then with the approval of two-thirds of the things. producers would become effective. This is my message here. often working at cross purposes, and A great storm has been created around Now, in closing, let me say to you that seeming to cause much confusion in this aspect of the legislation. You perhaps it is people like you, here in the Delta which only the forces of evil and destruc­ Council, that we need for leadership. tion would have gained had it not been have been told that the Congress is being We need people like you to get the truth called upon to "abdicate" its responsibilities. told. for the sound and robust sense of the I point out to you that even under this Let us have done with bickering in this Italian people under coolheaded and original proposal the Congress could reject divided house of agriculture. When I resolute leadership. At times, even in any commodity programs submitted to it come to you, or you come to me, let neither misery, they kept faith with the ways of and then proceed to legislate directly on a of us say to the other: I am against what the West, pulled themselves together, program for that commodity, if such was you propose; but let both of us say: Come, desired by the producers. stoutly faced and overcame both internal sit down, and together we shall think out and external threats to their free exist­ You need not fear. Congress wHl not and work out the problem to be solved and abdicate its responsibility for agriculture. the advantage to be gained by our farm ence. I assure you of this: Whatever bill is passed people across these broad lands of ours and In this terrific and relentless struggle you people here and farmers throughout by this country that we love. for survival as an independent, sovereign the Nation will have the same doors of Con­ state, the people and the Government of gress open to you. You will be doing busi­ the United States played an important, ness at the same store. You will be doing business with the Congress of the United and perhaps a decisive role. We did States. The Republic of Italy-15th Anniversary what we could to help the people of Italy My concern now is that the power of in their period of travail and tribulation, propagand-a, the power to misinform, the EXTENSION OF REMARKS and our moral support must have given power to misrepresent, the power to confuse, OF them confidence and hope in their im­ has become so great in this country, where !Uense struggle. I am glad and proud to the interests of our farm people are con­ HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL recall the financial and material aid cerned, that we may not now, or perhaps given to Italy, first under UNRRA, then ever again, be able to write and enact sen­ OF MARYLAND sible and sound legislation to return agri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES followed by the Marshall plan, the for­ eign aid and mutual assistance programs, culture to a fair earning position. Thursday, June 1, 1961 I want you to take note of this. Time technical, cultural, and military assist­ may be running out on the farmers of Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, many ance plans. And in the end, we as well America. dramatic and startling changes took as others of the free West, have gained 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9389 a loyal, dependable, and devoted ally for 301, the American Legion, at Queens For a long time, the American people have our cause, in our common fight against Village, N.Y. The grand marshal of been realizing that tyranny is a monster the march was Alfred Mutz, past most difficult to destroy. Freedom and lib­ Communist totalitarianism. w. erty have existed for short periods of time Different people hold different views commander of the Unity Post. Many throughout history. Ours is a nation about certain phases of recent Italian notables attended and the order of which has lived longer in freedom than any history, particularly on the recent politi­ march included Gold Star Mothers, units other nation in the world. Despots have cal history of Italy, but they all have from various high schools, units from risen to make known their dreams of world greeted with joy and jubilation the en­ various posts of the Veterans of For­ dominion. They scoff at America and tell couraging and inspiring changes that eign Wars and the American Legion, the us that they will bury us. They do not be­ have taken place in the politics and poli­ student nurses from Creedmore State· lieve in an America with peace and freedom and opportunity for all people. They dream cies of Italy under the republic form of Hospital, the Knights of Columbus and of a Soviet Empire with the hammer and government. The Republic of Italy has other civic-minded groups. sickle waving in triumph over the ashes of weathered numerous political, economic, After the march, the ceremonial took democracy and a commissar ruling the life and social storms, it has emerged place at the Veterans' Plaza, Springfield of every individual in the world with an iron stronger than ever, and has become a Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue. After hand. They have projected their might into pillar of democracy in today's Europe. the invocation by Rev. Laverne Vander orbit and into the great spaces beyond. Its courageous leaders have defiantly Hill, introductory greetings were given They seek to belittle our efforts, publicized throughout the world and seen by televi­ ignored all threats and blandishments of by Cyril J. Solan, general chairman, sion, to put a man into space and return powerful Communist elements from John Gulitti, commander, Unity Post No. safely to earth. within, and they have also bravely faced 1570, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Of all the threats to human liberty and even more serious totalitarian threats George D. Bein, commander, Queens freedom, communism is the greatest. It from without. Village Post No. 301, American Legion. feeds upon the misery of the people by its In the sphere of economics and fi­ The assembly of over 2,000 were thrilled promises, it inspires sacrifices, provides con­ nance, they have been successful in mak­ by the recitation of the poem, "In centrated educational facilities for the su­ ing Italy a solvent country, and have perior intellect, and subordinates the indi­ Flanders Fields," by Rosemary Shev­ vidual to the glorification of the state. succeeded in maintaining its solvency. lin, a student of Martin Van Buren High Hunger, unemployment, and pestilence Even with the loss of some territory to School and a recitation of "Lincoln's stalk many lands in Asia, in Africa, and in Yugoslavia, and the inevitable over­ Gettysburg Address," by Ho~ard Griesch South America. These conditions are con­ crowding of the already densely popu­ of the Grace Lutheran Day School. The ducive to communism. Many of these lated country with refugees from lost memorial prayer was given by Rabbi weakened nations have toppled before the areas, Italy has managed to look after Jacob Wendroff and the benediction by force displayed by Communist Russia with the welfare of its needy citizens. In the Rev. James McNicholas. The placing its inexhaustive manpower and natural r esources. important fields of commerce and indus­ of the wreaths, the salute to the dead, The picture of Russia's long stride from try the Republic has made tremendous the taps and the flag raising were all Czechoslovakia to China is too recent to progress. New and large chemical, oil in keeping with the great traditions of have been dimmed in its ugly potentialities. refining and cement industries have been the Memorial Day. In Korea it was brought to us in a most built, and these are being operated with The address which I delivered on this forceful and realistic way. Now again, in power generated by hydroelectric power­ historic occasion I believe will prove of Indochina, Asia, in Laos, and in Cuba, the plants and stations. Today Italy pro­ interest to the readers. My address same tactics are used. The American people know that the only vides finished industrial goods of high follows: hope of preserving human freedom, or mak­ quality to numerous countries, and its Commanders John Gulitti, George Bein, ing peace secure, lies in American national technological services are sought by Chairman Solan, Mr. Johnson, and members strength, and in improving the living con­ many countries in the Middle East. of Unity Post No. 1570 of the Veterans of ditions of mankind. That means strength Italy has thus successfully regained at Foreign Wars, Legionnaires, and Americans in the faith of American ideals, strength in least a part of its prewar commerce and all. We gather here in reverent tribute to American economy, and finally, strength in shipping in that area of the world. our honored dead. We revere them because American fighting power. they had a rendezvous with death so that we The Veterans of Foreign Wars have always Today, 15 years after its birth, the could have a rendezvous with life. We re­ championed peace and freedom through Republic of Italy has come of age. At vere them because they gave their life so strength. · Despots and tyrants have only that early age she has attained maturity that we might live in dignity, in freedom, contempt for people who are so passionately and has take her high place in the com­ and in peace. To achieve this peace, we pay devoted to peace that they foolishly never munity of nations in the free world. a terrible price. We pay in lives lost, in prepare to defend themselves. Italy today is armed in defense of her bodies broken, in morals shattered, in gov­ We all remember the command of the freedom and of democracy, and has ernment debauched, and in our economy dead as immortalized by John McCrae in dislocated. We pay this high cost because his poem entitled "In Flanders Fields": alined with Western democracies we know that liberty and freedom are price­ against totalitarian dictatorships. Let less, and peace is the desirec;t goal of all free "We are the dead. us all pray and hope on this 15th anni­ mankind. Take up our quarrel with the foe. versary celebration that the Republic of We ask ourselves two questions. Do we To you from falllng hands we throw Italy will grow strong and her citizens have peace? Have the sacrifices of these The torch, be yours to hold it high. honored dead been in vain? If peace is de­ If ye break faith with us who die live in peace under their democratic We shall not sleep, though poppies grow government. fined as the period between hot wars, then we have peace. If peace is defined as a In Flanders fields." tranquil state of affairs, then there is no Forty-four years have passed since the peace-the only definite thing we can state dead gave us that command. Two terrible is that we have an uneasy peace, and we are wars have scourged our Nation. The vet­ In Memory of Our Veterans Who Had a engaged in a cold war. erans of World War II and the veterans of Peace is still not a reality to most of the Korea in answering the dead of World War I, Rendezvous With Death people of this world. Suspicion, hatred, promised them in these words: civil war, starvation, and greed ride the range of human misery as ruthlessly as "Sleep on ye brave EXTENSION OF REMARKS when the war lords of Berlin and Tokyo Your flaming torch aloft we bear. OF dreamed of their master races. Eastern Eu­ With burning heart an oath we swear rope is closed to Western Europe by an iron To keep the faith, to fight it through HON. ALFRED E. SANTANGELO curtain of censorship. The captive nations To crush the foe or sleep with you OF NEW YORK are suffering under tyrannical dictatorship In Flanders fields." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and are striving to regain their freedom and Our veterans have held high the torch of liberty. liberty. They struck down the swastika and Thursday, June 1, 1961 Communist agents throughout the world, planted high our flag over the city of Ber­ Mr. SANTANGELO. Mr. Speaker, on taking their orders from Moscow, are trying lin. They struck down the flag of the Ris­ to seize control of governments by subver­ ing Sun and planted our Stars and Stripes Tuesday, May 30, I had the privilege sion, by infiltration, and by armaments, and on the craggy hills of Mount Suribachi. of participating in the Memorial Day make them subject to the will of the Krem­ Whenever our boys have been called upon parade and services conducted by the lin. Laos, Communist China, and Cuba are to strike down the symbol of despotism, Unity Post No. 1570, Veterans of For­ areas in which the might of Moscow is they have done so and lifted our flag above eign Wars, and Queens Viliage Post No. spreading its influence. the clear horizon. 9390 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-· HOUSE June 1 We, as a result of our success, · have be­ them -with :tunas to help themselves . . ·our . w.as called forth in, time of emergency, could come smugly complacent. Because of pa.St YiGe President, LYNDON · Jo¥J'S~N, has- re­ not be saved for the constructive tasks of victories, we feel that we can win again, ported that the peoples of Asia want, not peace. and in our self-praise, the American people arms but funds to help their e·conomy. We Too . often, it seemed, the opportunity for are becoming soft and losing sight of our are generous because we recognize that we a new beginning that was won by the sac­ ideals and our purposes. are our brothers' keepers and because it is rifices of war- faded away in the careless President Kennedy understands our na­ right. We know that if we cannot help the days of peace. The purpose and the goals, tional purpose. He knows it, and in his m any who are poor, we cannot save the few . both earned at such a human cost, slipped inaugural address, he admonished the who are rich or well off. from our min ds and hearts. American people when he declared, "Ask not Remember, my friends, that our Nation Have we kept faith with those who died? what your country can do for you, but ask h as remained free because civil authority Sixteen years after World War II, 16 years what you can do for your country." Many h as been always superior to military au­ after the United States had become the most other f arsighted Americans underst and our thority, except in times of national emer­ powerful n ation in the world, we are und~r national purpose. gency. Our budget provides for $47 billion attack from a cunning and relentless foe. Oliver Wendell Holmes, the great jurist, f or m ilit ary aff airs. Such great expendi­ With the invisible weapons of propaganda, once paraphrased our purposes and said, "I t ures are n eeded for defense, but they carry subversion, infiltration, science prestige, and enjoy paying taxes because the price of wit h t hem great danger. We may be con­ economic pressure, communism is expanding civilization is the privilege of paying taxes." fron ted by a military caste and a militaristic against the frontiers of freedom. See what the people are doing and ask your­ mentality. By the military caste I do not The competition of selfish interests within selves whether we are losing sight of our na­ mean the GI, but the professional soldier. the Western World has blinded them to the tional purposes. Gigantic corporations and Place too much authority in the military insidious and effective techniques of com­ electrical businessmen fix prices, gouge their or in on e m an , and we pave the road to munism, and h as interfered with the uni­ Government thereby' increasing Government tyr anny and oppression. Deny a man equal fied will and intelligence that is needed to expenditures, and yet they complain that rights before the law or deny him the pro­ reverse the spread of t yranny. Government is imposing too m any t axes. tection of the Bill of Rights, and you whit tle Cuba , Laos, Africa t od ay. Where next Businessmen take off entertainment ex­ away at your own freedom. Liberty does not tomorrow? penditures, yet complain about high taxes. always die from d irect attack. If liberty At long last we are waking up to the sober Labor leaders ask for increa sed wages and ever dies in America-and I hope we shall truth that "those who refuse to learn from complain about taxes and the cost of living. n ever see the d ay-it wm die from t he decay history are condemned to repeat it." Aircraft industries obtain billions of pro­ of t he principles that gave it life: that is The first lesson is: a policy of weakness curement contracts and refuse to pay their justice and. equality and that the rights of and surrender of basic principles invites taxes on their excess profits. The media of m an come not from the generosity of the attack. communication, such as the television net­ state but from the hand of God. But we Another forgotten lesson warns us that work, set up phony quix shows and payola are determined to be free, and we are r eady freedom can never coast along-satisfied with and complain about unfair investigations. to pay the cost, however great. We shall things as they are-in a world of revolution­ The newspapers disclose inadvertently Gov­ not be stampeded by fear, prejudice, or ary ferment. ernment secrets, and publicize for profit t h reats. With God's gr ace and the support The soft years of the recent past, the com­ crime and lust, and complain about Gov­ of all veterans an d all men who are devoted placent and self-indulgent years when lead­ ernment inefficiency. to the principles of our Nation, our democ­ ers were reluctan t to tell us of our situation, In 1797 when the pirates along the Barbary r acy will live and continue to flourish amid or to point out what must be done, require Coast demandeC. tribute, our American envoy lawlessness and tyranny. resolution and sacrifice to make up that loss. to France, Charles Pinckney, declared with a When we adhere to t he principles of jus­ President Kennedy spoke to Congress and clear voice, "Millions for defense, but not t ice, equality, and brotherhood, we will h ave to the American people last Friday, appeal­ one cent for tribute." kept fait h with thoe: e who died. ing for a multi-billion-dollar program to Contrast our present attitude toward Cuba strengthen the United States, and to spread today. When Castro asks tribute in ransom the freedom doctrine around the world. To for 1,200 Cuban invaders, some so-called many listeners it sounded like a call to arms, leaders run helter skelter to raise ransom Memorial Day, 1961 bringing the United States to the edge of a money to pay for tractors demanded by wartime emergency. Fidel Castro. These so-called leaders cam­ His purpose is to increase the power of the ouflage their softness with humanitarian and EXTENSION OF REMARKS United States and friendly nations, and to weasel words that ransom is an exchange OF serve notice on the Soviet Union that we will of machine for men, while Castro calls these retreat no more. payments indemnification and reparations As the President spoke, I felt that he was for invasion. This is a demonstration of HON. THOMAS J. LANE OF MASSACHUSETTS asking us to live up to our responsibilities humanism gone astray. Any payment made as freemen. by Americans for the release of Cuban free­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As if he were saying: "Other generations dom fighters is blackmail and tribute. I , for Thursday, June 1, 1961 of Americans did their part. We can do no one, do not approve such tribute. I believe less. The patriotic spirit and the patriotic veterans do not approve of blackmail. Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, under leave efforts that are called forth in time of war What has happened to the spirit of America? to extend my remarks in the RECORD, are needed now to turn back the dangers Our Declaration of Independence declares I include my remarks during the Memo­ that are encircling us in this age of de­ that all men are created equal, and yet the rial Day exercises of the American Le­ ceptive peace." citizens of Alabama stop freedom riders, gion Post 15, Immaculate Conception On Memorial Day, it is our reverent cus­ white and black, from traveling through tom to visit the cemeteries, and to honor their State. Our Supreme Court in 1954 Cemetery, Lawrence, Mass., on May 30, by appropriate ceremonies the memory of ordered desegregation and our Federal Gov­ 1961: veterans who defended our freedoms in ernment had to send troops into Little Rock Even in death they are together, honored armed combat. It is they, however, who to guarantee the safety of a few Negro chil­ by the row on row of ·flags above their honor us. For they knew that the victories dren to attend school. graves. of war could be lost in the negligence of Today is more than a Memorial Day. It Here sleep the brave. peace. is a day of rededication to those high ideals On each Memorial Day we pause, in per­ But· they had faith that we would carry for which those men died. While we are sonal recollection of many loved ones and on for them, and use the opportunity they aware of the faults and frailties of our hu­ friends who have passed away. But to these had won, to expand the frontiers of free­ man makeup and the selfishness of some, let who served our country well in time of dan­ dom, until every human being would en­ us not forget the great heart of our great ger, we offer the prayers of a grateful Na­ joy the blessings of a lasting peace. American people when called upon for great tion. The faces of the dead come back to life causes. Sometimes we are overgenerous. "No man lives unto himself alone." The in our recollections of them, and it seems This year in Washington we have sought veterans who are buried here, learned that as if their courage returns to reassure and to help the unemployed, to feed the hun­ lesson at the threshold of their manhood. inspire us. gry, to clothe the naked, to comfort the sick In the comradeship of national service, and If they could speak to us, from eternity, and the aged, to house the inadequately shel­ in supreme test of battle, they were inspired I think they would tell us to take heart tered, to educate the youth, to provide the to help one another. from the living courage of the few among us opportunity for the brilliant and the skilled, And when the war was over, those who and to emulate their example. They would to attend the wounded and the disabled. came back went their separate ways, each point to the men and women se.rving in our We have demonstrated, and we are demon-. seeking his own fulfillment--for that is the Armed Forces, to those in schools and uni­ "t rating, that ours is a Government which . meaning of freedom to each person. versities and science laboratories acquiring c :1res. Just as we have helped our own, we There were times, however, when they the knowledge for progress; to men like com- 11 :we shown our generosity to the peoples of longed for the comradeship of their young­ . mander Shepard who dare to -explore the As ia, Africa, and South America by helping er days, and wondered why· this spirit that. unknown; to those who are joining the Peace 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9391 Corps, choosing to give up the personal com­ citizens in the country and in enhancing the community of nations of the free forts and conveniences that they enjoy here Italy's prestige abroad. Today there is world. In freedom's name and in de­ in order to help the underprivileged of this world; to humble men and women who live no question that, even though there is a fense of democracy she has armed her­ the redeeming truths of religion throughout large left7wing element in the country, self against Communist totalitarianism their human journey. democracy is firmly rooted on the soil of and against all forms of dictatorships. These are the ones-the dead remind us­ Italy. Barring some unexpected and un­ Let us all hope and pray that this 15- who truly honor the faith to which brave foreseen event, it is there to stay. year old Republic of Italy will be allowed men of generations past gave the last full On her 15th anniversary celebration to have peace and her gifted and gallant measure of their devotion. citizens enjoy the blessings of freedom On Memorial Day, the spirits of the de­ the Republic of Italy seems to be on the parted pray for us. They pray that we shall high road of success and triumph. It is and democracy. respond to the courage of living Americans true that many economic, social and ed­ and volunteer to work with them in the ucational reform measures which were great task of making human dignity for all instituted more than a decade ago have prevail, so that the future will be grateful to not had time to show their full benefi­ Address at Memorial Day Service at the our memory for meeting the challenge of the cial results, but serious efforts are being 1960's with the valor that saved and per­ made to narrow the gap separating the U.S. Cemetery in Philadelphia petuated the priceless gift of freedom. rich and the wealthy in the north from the poor and the miserable in the south EXTENSION OF REMARKS including those in Sicily. Tremendous OF efforts are being made both by the gov­ The Republic of Italy-Fifteenth ernment and private organizations to HON. HERMAN TOLL Anniversary modernize the country's old industries OF PENNSYLVANIA and establish new ones in the south. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS Italy's rivers are most efficiently utilized OF for generating hydroelectric power, with­ Thursday, June 1, 1961 out robbing the farmer of water for irri­ Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, last Tuesday HON. HUGH J. ADDONIZIO gation purposes. Construction of hi~h­ it was my privilege to attend the impres­ OF NEW JERSEY ways and other means of transportation sive Memorial Day services conducted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been proceeding at an accelerated by the Philadelphia County Council of Thursday, June 1, 1961 pace, and in this respect the country is the Disabled American Veterans and experiencing a great boom. All these the Military Order of the Purple Heart, Mr. ADDONIZIO. Mr. Speaker, all successes help Italy to cope, at least at the U.S. National Cemetery, Limekiln peoples and nations suffered during the partly, with her surplus labor problem. Pike and Haines Street, in my congres­ last war, and some lost most of their The way in which the Italian people sional district in Philadelphia. Marvin worldly possessions, ·but the people of have pulled themselves up from their Silver was the chairman of the Memorial Italy were suffering under the detested bootstraps and within 15 years have suc­ Day committee, and Anthony P. Morti­ and dictatorial Fascist regime for two ceeded in remaking Italy, in giving her a mer and Silvio D. D' Anella were cochair­ decades prior to that war, without los­ new and fresh lease on life is truly ad­ men. ing their love for freedom and demo­ mirable. We greet this 15-year-old new I was asked to speak at the services cratic government. They struggled state, one of the great powers of Europe, and my remarks were intended to show against their dictator and his followers and welcome with joy and enthusiasm that disabled veterans and those who without success, but when the war came the encouraging and inspiring changes lost their lives fought for the preserva­ the Fascist regime proved its utter in­ that have taken place there, especially tion of freedom; that despite the efforts ability to act in the best interests of the in Italy's politics and her policies. The of dictators and totalitarian govern­ Italian people, and when they realized Republic of Italy has successfully weath­ ments to curtail freedom, it prevails ulti­ that such was the case, the Fascists were ered political, economic, and social mately. Historical references relating turned out of office even before the end storms; it has come out of numerous to the subject were included in my talk, of that war, and gradually a democratic serious struggles unscathed, and has which is inserted below for the possible government came into being. That was emerged as a pillar of democracy in to­ interest of Members. done in an orderly and freely conducted day's West. Its courageous and wise election on June 2, 1946. On that day leaders have defiantly ignored all threats ADDRESS AT MEMORIAL DAY SERVICE AT THE the people of Italy expressed their pref­ U.S. CEMETERY IN PHILADELPHIA and blandishments of powerful Commu­ The service we are holding here in Phila­ erence to live under a republican form nist elements from within, and they have delphia, in observance of Memorial Day, 1961, of government, and thus was born the also bravely faced even more serious is no event isolated in space and time, but Republic of Italy 15 years ago. totalitarian threats from without. Care­ a dramatic symbol of the interconnection Today as one looks at Italy and its fully and gradually they have laid the of man with man, through space, and government, as one surveys the attain­ foundations of a democratic government through time. What happened here in the ments and accomplishments of the in which the people exercise their su­ United States between 1861 and 1865 was a Italian people under that government, preme authority through the democratic culmination of generations of social and one cannot help but marvel at the way political discord and compromise, of struggle process of voting, and by which the rule between economic interests, and between these people have worked and succeeded of law and equal justice is assured. varying moral concepts. But this culmina­ in making today's Italy not only a pros­ Fifteen years make a very short period tion in violence, and in defeat of the Con­ perous and progressive country but also of a people's history, but these last 15 federacy and victory of the Union, was no a major force, perhaps a decisive force, years have been momentous in the his­ final completion or resolution of the conflict. in the dangerous and intense East-West tory of Italian people. After enduring It was an episode in a contest that stretches struggle, an almost endless cold war that Fascist dictatorship for two decades and back in time further than recorded history, has been raging between the free West and forward into the mists of an unfore­ then suffering indescribable hardship in seeable future. It was an episode in a con­ and enslaved Communist totalitarian a war that brought them disaster and test that spreads in space, not only over the East. As a matter of fact, and all things destruction, mostly through resolute and habitable globe, but into regions beyond our considered, the birth and growth, and determined efforts they succeeded in re­ atmosphere, and perhaps soon to other the constant strengthening of the Re­ modeling their government, rebuilt their planets. public of Italy is one of the healthiest devastated country, have carefully hus­ I do not claim that this is always a clear­ and most hopeful signs in postwar banded their material and human re­ cut contest, in which one side has a monop­ Europe. sources and have become a great nation. oly of virtue, and the other a monopoly of And the democratic government there evil. You cannot recognize the good guys And the 15-year old Republic of Italy, by such simple signs as white hats or white has done remarkably well, even when born in agonizing political, economic, horses. But, for all the complications and working under severe handicaps. Both social, and :fiscal turmoil has in a very mistiness that may sometimes perplex and in internal affairs and in foreign affairs short time, come of age. In that early bewilder the observer, there is a valid cri­ it has been eminently successful, by im­ age the Republic has attained maturity. terion by which we may justly judge the proving the economic and social status of It has already taken her high place in principles at stake in this contest, and aline 9392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ HOUSE June 1 ourselves with the better side. This un­ party-the Union Party-which carried the Not that our actions must necessarily finished, age-old contest is one that is al­ South in the struggle over the famed Com­ parallel theirs; but that our will must ways concerned with some aspect of freedom. promise of 1850. Men such as Henry Clay, measure up to theirs. 'fhey stood fast in It may be the independence of a nation, as of Kentucky, John Bell, and Andrew John­ the fact of aggressive bluster, knowing that it was in the case of the American Revolu­ son of Tennessee and Sam Houston, of Texas, to retreat meant national suicide. War was tion; it may be the demand of a nation for were the leaders of the southern Unionist the result and lives were lost. But through freedom to trade with other nations, and ply cause, and so long as free expression was the will of those who refused to yield in the the seas without interference; a demand permitted in the South their influence held eternal struggle for freedom, our freedoms which was among the causes of the War of thousands upon thousands of southerners to were preserved. 1812; it may be an effort to obtain individ­ the Union. So it may be with us-and if the test u al liberty for oppressed and enslaved men, But war broke out on the Kansas plains in comes, I know it will not find us wanting. or to obtain equality of legal treatment and 1854-a war between slaveholders and free­ So also it may be that war will prove un­ political, educational, and economic well­ men-and from that point forward the necessary; that China's starving millions being, as in the case of the Civil War. southern Unionist cause was doomed. Why? m ay throw off the yoke of tyranny that Or, as in the two World Wars, it may be Because the slaveholders would say they were chains them to an unproductive economic a struggle to prevent the nationalistic ex­ denied equality, justice, and freedom in their panacea. Nor can one expect the millions pression of aggressive nations, seeking only struggle to extend slavery to Kansas, to Cali­ of eastern Europeans to eternally submit to the glorification of their specific designs­ fornia, to Oregon, and Washington territories an atheistic creed, when they themselves rec­ at the expense of their neighbors. and to all the remaining territories of the ognize the authority of the Almighty. In all these contests, freedoms have been West. Such "equality, justice, and freedom" But be that as it may, and come what threatened and, in some instances, tempo­ they must have or the Union must divide. must, we shall stand ready in the crisis. rarily withdrawn from the victims of aggres­ Southerns who opposed this view-be That is our tradition-a tradition for which sion. Yet, always in the end, the freedom they politicians, editors or clergymen­ the many men, herein interred, were will­ that once existed has been restored by those gradually were silenced by growing secession­ ing to give their lives; a tradition upon to whom its lack proved utterly intolerable. ist power. Pro-Union sentiment became which we have built the greatest Nation yet That is the nature of freedom; to overcome "verboten,'' and southerners who felt obliged known to man. tyranny in each and every instance. And if to express it were compelled to leave the So long as t h at tradition stands, freedom at times it appears that the tyrant has South. Andrew Johnson, a holdout to the shall prevail on these shores-and live in triumphed once and for all, you can rest end, spoke for Union in the hills of eastern the hearts of men in every land. assured that the impression is illusory. For Tennessee right up to the fall of Fort Sum­ as certainly as the sun rises every morning, t er; but he did so in the face of mob violence freedom must of necessity prevail in the and ultimately had to fight his way to Wash­ end. ington, virtually at pistol point. This fact is one which unfortunately goes Nor has the story of aggression changed The Department of the Interior Has No unrecognized by the traditions of those to with the passage of time, except perhaps for Place in Its Carter Barron Amphi­ whom military might appears as the sole the worse. By now we are wholly familiar governing factor in world affairs. Time and with the tactics of aggression, as evidenced theater Programs for the National Sym­ again there have appeared political leaders by the initial conduct of its practitioners phony Orchestra and Other Civic, Non­ with grand military designs sufficient to even b efore their aggressions begin. en:flame and arouse their people. Not that What was the Nazi policy at home? To profit Cultural Groups of the Nation's they limit their appeal to the force of arms outlaw rival political p arties, shut down the alone, for indeed they speak of justice, equal­ opposition press; to smash all minor fac­ Capital ity and-strangely enough-freedom, itself. tions, to curtail free speech, turn the schools This from the aggressors. Yet what is meant into propaganda mills and reduce the in­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS by their terms are so far removed from fluence of the churches. OF literal terminology as to render their phrases The Communist policy? Largely the same, contradictory in the extreme. and with similarly devastating results. Yet HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS By justice, they mean that they be allowed what did we see in the case of Nazi Ger­ to have as much or more of something than many? A steadily advancing colossus, OF PENNSYLVANIA their rivals; more trade, more land, more spreading, gorging itself, sweeping the field IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industry, more wealth. To deny them this is of free nations and carrying the day, up to a Thursday, June 1, 1961 unjust, they say. To require that they stand point. Yet to do so it was obliged to crush pat, on an unequal basis, is unjust. Equality out freedom, and therein was its undoing. Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ is all they ask, although sometimes it would For freedom has a way of surviving against tion's Capital in 1950 observed and cele­ appear that equality amounts, in their view, great odds and serious reverses; and so long brated the sesquicentennial of its estab­ to something in the neighborhood of ·80 per­ as it survives in any status, it remains a lishment as the seat of Government. In cent for them and 20 percent for the other force so powerful that tyranny knows no rest connection with, and as part of, this powers of the earth. And freedom-what do and the tyrant no slumber. Ultimately, the they mean by freedom? Why, the freedom tide was turned and the colossus . began to occasion the Congress authorized the to secure the so-called justice and equality retreat until the retreat became a rout and erection of the Carter Barron Amphi­ they believe themselves entitled to, without freedom was once again restored. theater and appropriated nearly $1 mil­ protest from any quarter. Now, again we stand faced with a co­ lion to build it. The purpose of the Con­ On such grounds the tyrants and would-be lossus-the sprawling giant called commu­ gress in creating this great cultural and tyrants of history have built their platforms nism-and once again freedom is the victim. artistic facility was--as the records and launched their campaigns since time For the sake of Marxian principles and na­ clearly reveal-to advance the cultural, immemorial. Unfortunately, there is always tional aggrandizement the Communist pow­ educational, and artistic growth and de­ a vague semblance of truth to what they ers are pushing out their tentacles in all say, for, in fact, there is injustice every­ directions, clutching, clawing at the jewels velopment of the Nation's Capital. where in the world in the form of unequally of liberty and destroying as they go. Yet The Congress lodged the management divided natural resources and economic ad­ that, too, is a familiar story; for it involves of this great amphitheater in the De­ vantage. the suppression of free speech, free thought, partment of the Interior. For the full But the tyrants seldom seem to act in the free schools, and free men. And no such development of the aims which the Con­ name of actual reform along this line. What suppression can long prevail, any more in gress had in mind it would, perhaps, have they seek is generally not equality or justice, this era than in the past. been wiser to have placed the manage­ but a rearrangement of conditions so that This, then, is the awesome atmosphere ment within the Smithsonian Institu­ the inequality and injustices of the future and the noble promise of Memorial Day, will benefit themselves rather than their 1961. Again at bay and crowded by the tion, a Federal agency concerned more rivals. And what is the first step in their so­ yelping houndpack of tyranny, the demo­ directly than the Department of the In­ called reform movements? Invariably, it is cratic peoples of the world are once again terior with the diffusion of knowledge. the same: To crush dissent within their own girding themselves for a mighty climax in I think the time has come-if it is not, factions; to stamp out criticism of their the struggle for freedom. indeed, long overdue-to make a study methods. And as their power expands and Here, in this heroic shrine, dedicated to of the Carter Barron Amphitheater op­ dissent grows apace, their suppressive tactics the men who here reside--dedicated also to eration which would take into account become worse, 1n an effort to create a picture the freedoms they loved and died !or-we the major summer cultural programs in of uniform approval of their course. must and shall take an oath in their name. So it was in pre-Civil War days when the They, in their time, gave everything in their other cities of the United States and in powerful southern Unionist movement was power to protect the cause of liberty; nor did leading European cities. crushed by the secessionist faction in the they act in vain. It is our responsibility, The Department of the Interior's South. In 1851 the southern Unionists were then, to carry on where they left off in this stewardship of the Carter Barron strong enough to form a separate political respect. Amphitheater as a cultural facility over 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9393 the years should be subjected to a criti- theater which would rise to the level of No doubt professional, commercial enter­ cal and searching analysis and no at- some of the world-famous cultural festi­ tainment of the kind which the Department tempt to justify sins of omission or com- vals in this country and in Europe. of the Interior presents at the Carter Barron Amphitheater, including at times, I am told, mission should be permitted, nor should I include as part of my remarks the sick jokes and a burlesque hall type of any bureaucratic whitewash be at- · text of my letter to the Secretary of the humor which would not be permitted on the tempted. Interior: family televison set (which is significant, I The major purpose Of the study I prO• CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, think, at a time when broadcasting is being pose ShOUld be tO find ways to make the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, blamed by irate parents for some of the ris­ Carter Barron Amphitheater a far Washington, D.C., June 1,1961. ing tide of juvenile delinquency) has its greater and much more significant edu- Hon. STEWART L. UDALL, place. However. whether that place is in this cational,· cultural, and artistic force in Secretary, Department of the Interior, great cultural facility to the utter exclu­ Washington, D.C. sion of the National Symphony Orchestra the Nation's Capital than it has ever DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Along with many and other civic, nonprofit educational and been. other Members of Congress I have consist- cultural programs, activities, and groups No doubt professional, commercial en- ently supported measures to advance the would be thoroughly explored by the kind tertainment of the kind which the De- educational and cultural life of the Nation's of a study I have proposed. It might well partment of the Interior presents at the Capital and make our Capital City ever safer be that it would be found during the course Carter Barron Amphitheater, including and more attractive to live in. As a member of the proposed study that some of these at times, or so I am told, sick jokes and of the District of Columbia Committee it programs which are presented at the Carter has, in fact, been my duty to do this be­ Barron Amphitheater should be presented in a burlesque hall type of humor which cause of the historic intent of the Congress a privately owned theater or nightclub un­ would not be permitted on the family that this great Federal City must represent der commercial auspices for private profit television set has its place. However, the best of American life and reflect the and not be given the endorsement of the whether that place is in this great cul- deepest educational and cultural aspirations Federal Government which presentation at tural facility to the utter exclusion of of the people of this Nation. the Carter Barron Amphitheater implies. the National Symphony Orchestra and The Nation's Capital in 1950 observed and I shall now suggest some additional mat­ other civic, nonprofit educational and celebrated the sesquicentennial of its es­ ters which the proposed study should cover. cultural programs, activities, and groups tablishment as the seat of government. In For instance, I find it shocking that the connection with, and as part of, this oc­ Department of the Interior has no place in would be thoroughly explored by the kind casion the Congress authorized the erection its Carter Barron Amphitheater programs for of study I have proposed. It might well of the carter Barron Amphitheater and ap­ the National Symphony Orchestra and other be that it would be found during the propriated nearly $1 million to build it. The nonprofit cultural groups of the Nation's course of such a study that some of these purpose of the Congress in creating this Capital. The National Symphony Or­ programs which are now presented at great cultural and artistic facility was-as chestra is the only major symphony or­ the Carter Barron Amphitheater should the records clearly reveal-to advance the chestra in the United States without a sum­ be presented in a privately owned theater cultural, educational, and artistic growth of mer sea.son. At the present time, the highly or nightclub under commercial auspices the Nation's Capital. The Congress lodged talented musicians of the National Sym­ the management of this amphitheater in the phony Orchestra must turn to other forms of for private profit and not be given the Department of the Interior. For the full employment to eke out a livelihood. Their endorsement of the Federal Government development of the aims the Congress had resourcefulness in this regard is little short which presentation at the Carter in mind it would, perhaps, have been wiser of amazing, though it does little to ad­ Barron Amphitheater implies. to have placed the management within the vance the cultural life of the Nation's Capi­ Any step which the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, a Federal agency tal. Some of these musici-ans are summer Interior may take to broaden, deepen, concerned more directly with the diffusion of salesmen, and summer guards carrying guns in Federal buildings including the Library and raise the educational, cultural, and knio~~~~e. the time has come-if it is not, of Congress. This situation persists year artistic level of the programs presented indeed, long overdue-to make a study of after year in the Nation's Capital without at the Carter Barron Amphitheater will the carter Barron Amphitheater operation any sign that top officials of the Federal meet with powerful and respectable sup- which would take into account the major Government, who are sensitive to the cul­ port from all sections of our country summer cultural programs in other u.s. tural aspirations of people abroad in other from people who are fed up with the cities and in leading European cities. The nations, are aware of, or understand, its full tawdry, the cheap, and the spurious State Department, and our Ambassadors implications in a world in which the United values of the art factories of New York abroad in other countries, would be de- States in this cold-war period has assumed lighted to cooperate and their reports on leadership of the free world. and Hollywood. summer cultural programs in Europe should New York City, with the ·solid backing of The sweep of history has made the be an important part of such a study. The the city administration and the mayor, has United States the leader of the free Department of the Interior's stewardship of its summer music programs and its free world, and we must compete with the the Carter Barron Amphitheater as a cui­ Shakespeare in Central Park. Other U.S. Soviet Union for the minds and the tural facillty over the years should be sub­ cities have summer programs in all of the hearts of men everywhere in the world. jected to a critical and searching analysis arts, many of them free to the public or The Nation's Capital must take its and no attempt to justify sins of omission or available at nominal sums. Philadelphia's commission should be permitted. Nor Robin Hood Dell concerts are world famous, rightful place beside other capital cities should any bureaucratic whitewash be at- and the city of Philadelphia contributes of the world in the support and encour- tempted. Perhaps a special advisory com­ $75,000 annually to make them possible. agement of the fine arts. mittee made up of educational, cultural, and The St. Louis Municipal Opera, the Holly­ That the Department of the Interior, fine arts experts and leaders should be set wood Bowl concerts, the Boston Symphony in its management of the Carter Barron up to help you carry out the study. This Orchestra concerts at Tanglewood in Lenox, Amphitheater, has not been able to ac- would assure the public of its impartiality Mass., these and a hundred other famous commodate the National Symphony Or- and the soundness of its conclusions. summer music programs are in the main­ The major purpose of the study I propose, stream of the tradition established by the chestra, or even the Washington Civic which I urge you to undertake, should be to free band concerts on the common or the Opera Co. is nothing short of preposter- find ways to make the Carter Barron Amphi­ courthouse square--one of the oldest and ous. It is high time that a study was theater a far greater and much more sig­ most universal of American cultural insti­ made of how such groups could use this niflcant educational, cultural, and artistic tutions. great cultural facility in view of the force in the Nation's Capital than it has ever You may rest assured, Mr. Secretary, that statements made repeatedly by the New been. Such a study should certainly show any step you may take to broaden, deepen, York Times that the Nation's Capital conclusively what other major cities here and to raise the educational and cultural is a "hick town" behind even such a and abroad do toward encouraging, and de- and artistic level of the fare offered at the veloping, and assisting in the growth of their Carter Barron Amphitheater will meet with provincial capital as Tiflis, U.S.S.R., in own local artistic groups, their own talented powerful and respectable support from all its encouragement of the fine arts. artists, their own young artists; how much sections of our country from people in all I have written the Secretary of the "commercial talent" they import; the role walks of life who are fed up with the taw­ Interior suggesting that he create im- of civic, nonprofit groups similar to the Na­ dry, the cheap, and the spurious cultural mediately an advisory panel of civic, tional Symphony Orchestra and the Wash­ values and fare which are so easily available educational, cultural, and fine arts ington Opera Society; and whether they 1m­ to them and their children. They want leaders to help him develop a challeng- port all the talent presented on their sum- something better, something nobler than the mer programs from other cities as the De­ art factories of New York's Broadway, and ing and significant cultural and artistic partment of the Interior does 1n its programs Hollywood, and radio and television offer in program at the Carter Barron Amphi- at the Carter Barron Amphitheater. such massive doses. They want something 9394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 1 Vital, alive, and close to the American dream HISTORY OF COMPANY B, 1ST BATTLE GROUP, The unit did coastal patrol duty along the and the American promise. 104TH INFANTRY · Atlantic seaboard until January of 1943 The sweep of history has made the United A backward glance through such old rec­ · when it was withdrawn and reassembled at States the leader of the free world, and we ords as are still in existence reveals that the Camp Blanding, Fla. must compete with the Soviet Union for organization that was to become the 104th Thence until it sailed for Europe on Au­ the minds and the hearts of men every­ Infantry Regiment was first activated at gust 27, 194~, the men underwent intensive where in the world. The Nation's Capital Springfield, Mass., on November 14, 1639. and realistic combat training. Finally on must take its rightful place beside other This parent organization was known as the October 6, 1944, they moved into combat un­ capital cities of the world in cultural mat­ Springfield Train Band and was sort of a der the command of Col. Dwight T. Colley ters if we are successful t o carry forward volunteer militia formed as a protection east of Arracourt. In later campaigns they our high mission. against warlike Indians. The Connecticut went through Moncourt Woods, Benestroff, That the Department of the Interor, in Valley at this time was populated only by then under the command of Col. Ralph A. its management of the Carter Barron Am­ a thin stream of frontier settlements branch­ Palladino into Lorraine, then the "Bulge," phit heater, has not been able to accommo­ ing out from the mother colony of Massachu­ into Germany and were in Czechoslovakia date the National Symphony Orchestra­ setts Bay. when the unconditional surrender was an-­ or even the Washington Civic Opera As­ As the colonies grew in size the need of nounced. sociation-is nothing short of preposterous. a larger military organization also grew. In After returning home in 1945, this unit, It is high time that a study was made of how March of 1663 at Northampton, Mass., the with the regiment, was deactivated and re­ such groups could use this great cultural fa­ Springfield Train Band merged with mili­ turned to Massachusetts as a National Guard cility in view of the statements made re­ tary units of the surrounding territory to organization. peatedly by national publications that the form the Hampshire County Regiment. The regiment was granted Federal recogni­ Nation's Capital is a "hick town" behind Again in 1754 the name was changed, this tion as a National Guard organization in even such a provincial capital as Tiflis, time t o the South Hampshire Regiment, and November of 1946 under the command of U.S.S.R., in the fine arts. as such, fought in the Revolutionary War. Col. Marshall 0. Potter. The first summer A second step which you could take would In 1804 the unit was reorganized and des­ encampment in 1947 was followed by three be to create immediately an advisory panel ignated the Worcester Light Infantry. After more in 1948, 1949, and 1950, all of these at of civic, educational, cultural, and fine arts a brief tour of duty in the War of 1812, Camp Edwards, Mass. Upon the retirement leaders to help you develop a challenging and several years of inactive service the of Colonel Potter in 1951 Lt. Col. Benjamin and significant cultural and artistic pro­ name was, in 1840, changed to the Light E. Sullivan, commanding officer of the 2d gram at the Carter Barron Amphitheater Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion, Light In­ Battalion, was appointed acting commanding which would rise to the level of some of fantry, 6th Brigade, 3d Division, and in 1859 officer and led the regiment through the 1951 the world-famous cultural festivals in this to the lOth Infantry Regiment. field training at Pine Camp, N.Y. Later country and in Europe. The Pablo Casals The regiment entered active service in 1861 in the year Col. Albert L. Gramm, division festival in Puerto Rico should be an in­ at President Lincoln's first call for troops. inspector general, was appointed command­ spiration and a guide to you in developing The organization was rushed to Washington ing officer and led the organization through a major cultural program for the Nation's to protect the Capitol, only 25 miles away the field training of 1952 at Camp Drum Capital at the Carter Barron Amphitheater from Bull Run and a Confederate victory. (Pine Camp), N.Y. and in the other facilities controlled by the Before the war ended the lOth Infantry Successive encampments were held at Department of the Interior. Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Camp Drum, N.Y., from 1953 through 1958. Sincerely yours, had seven campaigns to its credit. On May 1, 1959, the reorganization oc­ CARROLL D. KEARNS, Peace brought reversion to State militia curred, changing from the old triangular Member of Congress. status and in 1878 another change in title­ concept to the new pentamic battlegroups, this time to 2d Regiment, 1st Brigade, Mas­ and Company D, along with personnel as­ sachusetts Volunteer Militia. similated from Headquarters Company, 1st With the sinking of the battleship Maine Battalion, became Company B, 1st Battle Agawam, Mass., National Guard in 1898 the regiment was the first Massachu­ Group, 104th Infantry. setts organization to be mustered into Fed­ Armory Dedicated eral service, the first militia regiment from a ADDRESS BY HON . EDWARD P. BOLAND, OF northern State to arrive in the South and MASSACHUSETTS the first regiment to arrive in Cuba. The EXTENSION OF REMARKS organization performed with honor at El Major General Donnelly, Reverend Lock­ OF Coney, Las Grasmas, San Juan, and El Paso, hart, Father Mara, Major Foley, Captain and held a commanding position at Santiago Sheehan, Selectman Criscola, officers and HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND when the Spanish surrendered. men of the 1st Battle Group, 104th Infantry OF MASSACHUSETTS On June 18, 1916, the regiment was again of Massachusetts Army National Guard, my fellow Americans, may I first express my ap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activated, this time to serve in the Mexican border campaign under Gen. John J. Persh­ preciation to the 1st Battle Group dedication Thursday, June 1, 1961 ing, who commended the organization for committee for the honor you pay me in in­ discipline, enthusiasm, and performance of viting me to take part in these exercises. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, on Me­ duty. Three months after it returned from Then, permit me to congratulate Major morial Day, May 30, I had the distinct Mexico, the regiment was again called into General Donnelly-the adjutant general of honor of being the guest speaker dur­ active service. On August 5, 1917, it became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts-the ing dedication ceremonies for the new known as the 104th Infantry Regiment, 52d military commander of the Massachusetts National Guard Armory to quarter com­ Brigade, U.S. Army, and a few weeks later was National Guard. Recently promoted to the pany B, 1st Battle Group, 104th Infantry incorporated into the 26th Yankee Division rank of major general, he brings a proud Regiment, 26th Yankee Division, in Aga­ in preparation for oversea. shipment. record of accomplishment to this exalted po­ On October 29, 1917, the regiment landed sition. To my knowledge, he is one of the wam, Mass. at Le Havre, France, and settled down to 6 few men from this area that has ever at­ I include in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD months of intensive combat training in tained this rank and this tremendously re­ the Agawam Armory dedication pro­ English and French methods. It first tasted sponsible command. All of us are pleased gram, the history of company B, and my combat in the Bois Brule subsector and with his success and wish him well in the address: thence went on to gain fame in Lorraine, St. arduous duties that are his. This gathering and this event bespeak ARMORY DEDICATION PROGRAM Mihiel, lle de France, Meuse Argonne, Cham­ pagne, Marne, Aisne Marne and for heroic much more eloquently than any words of Welcome address: Capt. Robert F. Sheehan. service won the French Croix de Guerre. mine, the real meaning of this occasion. For Master of ceremonies: Maj. Arthur J. Foley. After the war the 104th was reorganized these words will soon be forgotten and lost Invocation: Rev. Benjamin M. Lockhart. as a Massachusetts National Guard regiment to time. But this structure we dedicate will Armory history: Maj. Arthur J. Foley. with regimental headquarters at Springfield, withstand the ravages of age and weather (National anthem.) also 1st Battalion at Springfield, 2d Bat­ proclaiming for untold years the reason why Reading the scroll: P. Sgt. E-7 Edgar J. talion at Holyoke, and 3d Battalion at Pitts­ we gathered on this day. Emmens. field. The regiment then served through One could not come here today-particu­ Presentation of scroll: Col. George E. the following years of peace without inci­ larly one in a position to know-one could Young. dent. not come here without being mindful of the Comments: Frank Chriscola, Jr., chair­ On January 16, 1941, Company D, along contributions-the tremendous and magnifi­ man of board of selectmen. with the 104th Infantry Regiment, Massa­ cent contributions-that the Army National Presentation of guest speaker: Maj. Gen. chusetts National Guard, was mobilized at Guard has made in war and peace to this Thomas J. Donnelly, the adjutant general Camp Edwards, Mass., as part of the train­ country of ours. of Massachusetts. ing regiment to serve for 1 year. This "year" Citizen soldiers of the National Guard Guest speaker: Hon. EDWARD P. BOLAND, was extended when the United States went have played a major role in the security and Representative in Congress. to war against the Axis power in December strength of our country in every emergency Benediction: Rev. John J. Mara, Jr. of that same year. it has faced since colonial days. The history 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9395 of the National Guard of the United States is ing the 20th century. It has existed since the political unification of the Italian a vital part of the history of our Nation. this Nation was founded. people. We, in Massachusetts, take pride in the fact The building we here dedicate today is that the slogan "Older Than Our Nation," more than brick, mortar and steel, and lum­ June 2, 1961, is a date which has par­ stems from the early organization of the 182d ber. Breathed into it is the spirit of the ticular significance for all freedom­ Infantry. At the time that W1lliam Pynchon guard, its grand and noble heritage. loving peoples throughout the world. was leading and settling his people on the Across this land, National Guard armories For, like the Fourth of July, it marks the banks of the Connecticut River in this com­ and Army Reserve centers are springing up anniversary of the political independ­ munity in 1636, the first National Guard in all types of communities. Some 2,100 ence of a great people and the beginning unit was being forged in Boston, to form the new armories will be completed by the end of their lives under a democratic gov­ north regiment of militia in the Massachu­ of 1962. They will be eloquent reminders ernment. On June 2, 1946, the people of setts Bay Colony. The 182d Infantry of the that this Nation does not intend to abandon Massachusetts Army National Guard and the one of its greatest strengths. Italy went to the polls and by an over­ 101st Engineer Battalion have the longest It is fitting that we dedicate this building whelming vote, voluntarily established continuous history of any military unit in on this Memorial Day-the 95th anniversary the Italian Republic. the Nation. of the first Memorial Day-a day set aside This 15th anniversary of that great It is no wonder that the officers and men to honor those who fell in all wars and now day has added significance for the Ital­ who wear the insignia of any Massachusetts expanded to honor the memories of all who ian people, because this year they are National Guard unit have a proud and noble h ave passed to eternity. also observing the centennial anniver:­ heritage. From 6 years ago and some 38 It is good and proper that we remember sary of the unification of Italy. It is men, this command has grown to a well or­ our honored dead, and ask God to grant ganized and prideful outfit to take its place eternal rest to those who gave the last full coincidental that this year we Ameri­ and add to the lustre of our State's National measure of their devotion that this Nation cans are marking the centennial anni­ Guard. might live in freedom and liberty. versary of our Civil War-a terrible and I need not bring to those who are a part Memorial Day is also a day of prayer for costly chapter in our history, but one of the guard any persuasive arguments for, permanent peace. from which we gained stronger unifica­ or any praise of, the Army National Guard I think it crystal clear, in the face of the tion and a new sense of national of the United States. For you are familiar dangerous threats that ebb and flow all over purpose. with anything I could produce. But the the globe, in Laos, the Congo, Cuba, Africa, Although modern Italy is only 100 general public, unaccustomed to regular con­ that peace can come only through tact, too often misses the importance of this strength-strength in the faith of American years old, her cultural heritage is roo-ted great organization to the defense posture of ideals, strength in American economy and in history which long ·antedates the dis­ the Nation and, to the peaceful and law strength in American fighting power. covery of America. In fact, the recog­ abiding existence of local areas and com­ This building, I suppose, will be looked nized beginning of Western civilization munities. upon by the carping cynics a:: a monument was during the glory and ascendancy of To operate the National Guard-the Army to war. the Roman Empire, 2,000 years ago. National Guard-costs the taxpayers of the It is nothing of the kind. In reality it is Throughout the ages the Italian people Nation about $400 million. But think of a hall of peace. For in this building, and in thousands like it throughout the coun­ have made tremendous contributions in what we get at that price. It buys two vital the advancement of science, literature, bodies of organized manpower for the price try, we build our strength to maintain the of one-a military organization trained to peace and to prepare for any eventuality music, and philosophy, Names such as defend our country in time of emergency and that arises. To do less would render us da Vinci, Galileo, Garibaldi, and Michel­ a local organization, ready for immediate weak and prostrate in a world that calls for angelo, and the histories of cities such action when disaster strikes. It commits strength, sacrifice, and dedication. as Florence, Rome, and Venice, are in­ some 400,000 personnel into 21 infantry and We build this building, and thousands extricably bound up in the development 6 armored divisions plus miscellaneous like. it across our land, to keep faith with of the cultural and political heritage battle groups, armored cavalry, and support those who made the supreme sacrifice and to assure that they did not die in vain. which we now strive to protect from the troops. onslaught of international communism. There is no one who can question the So we dedicate this building to the great worth of this great organization to the sur­ principles of and for which the National In this latter struggle our friends and vival of our country. Its glorious record is Guard came into being. We dedicate it to allies have stood like Horatio at the emblazoned upon the pages of our history. the memory of those who fought in all of bridge. Italy is a vitally important part­ In the three wars through which many of the Nation's struggles, and those who gave ner in the NATO Alliance. us have lived, the National Guard covered their lives to perpetuate our peace and secu­ In the years since World War II, we itself with glory. rity; we dedicate this building to the living have witnessed an amazing recovery After World War I, records of the German and the yet unborn so that we and they can from the ravages inflicted on Italy during supreme command showed that of the eight carry the torch that was passed to us in our day and age to keep our country strong the war. She has accomplished tre­ American divisions which the Germans re­ mendous improvement in both her eco­ garded as superior or excellent, six of those and good. eight were National Guard divisions. We dedicate this building as a vehicle to nomic life and her political institutions After World War II, Secretary of War Pat­ help promote the welfare, happiness, and and has assumed a position of leader­ terson paid this tribute: "The National good will of the people of this good and ship among the European states. In re­ Guard took to the field 18 infantry divi­ great town of Agawam. cent years, she has contributed materi­ sions-300,000 men. Those State troops We dedicate this building as an instru­ ally to the economic integration of doubled the strength of the Army at once, ment of strength that helps to guarantee Europe-which is so vital to the strength and their presence in the field gave the the security and survival of this blessed of the NATO Alliance. country a sense that it had passed the low­ United States of America. est ebb of its weakness. Nine of those di­ I am pleased to join President Ken­ visions crossed the Atlantic to Europe and nedy and my colleagues in the Congress Africa and nine went to the far reaches of in extending congratulations and the the Pacific. The soldiers of the guard The tOOth Anniversary of Italy's wish of continued growth and prosperity fought in every action in which the Army to our stanch friends in the Republic of participated from Bataan to Okinawa. They Unification Italy. made a brilliant record on every fighting front. They proved once more the value of the trained citizen soldier." EXTENSION OF REMARKS We can never .forget that the guard is OF found equal to all emergencies in times of Kennedy's Birthday Dinner in Boston local difficulty. Natural disasters of floods HON. DANIEL B. BREWSTER and tornadoes, with which we are so cog­ OF :MARYLAND nizant, suppression of mobs and violence, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN~ATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS enforcement of law and pref;jervation of order OF in all kinds of incidents-these local prob­ Thursday, June 1, 1961 lems have been met by action of the Na­ Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. Speaker, under HON. THOMAS J. LANE tional Guard. Without the guard the loca] leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ OF MASSACHUSETTS authorities are almost helpless ln the face of rising violence, panic and disaf;;ter. These ORD,- I submit the following tribute to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our friend and ally, the · Republic .-of internal oincidents have been controlled by Thursday, June 1, 1961 our militia since the beginning of our Na­ Italy, on- the occasion of the 15th anni­ tion. The local and na tiona! need for the versary ·of the Republic, which this year Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, under leave guard did not spring to tlie foreground dur- coincides with the 100th anniversary of to extend my remarks in the- RECORD, I 9396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 1 include the following remarks by Presi­ Franklin spent 7 years in France and played people may think that of the United States. dent John F. Kennedy at the Common­ a leading role in bringing France to our That is not my view. assistance in a moment of need and When John Quincy Adams went to call wealth Armory in Boston, Mass., May 29, emerged from France in 1783 bearing the on the British Governor before the Revolu­ 1961, on the occasion of his 44th birth­ treaty with the British which proclaimed tion about the problems of the British here day: us a sovereign and independent Nation. in this State, they had an amiable con­ versation until finally Adams mentioned the Thank you, Congressman McCormack, LOOK TO FUTURE Your Eminence, Governor Volpe, Mr. Mayor, word "revolution." Americans in the 19th century went back Then he wrote in his diary: "It was then distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. to Europe, this time on peaceful missions, I first of all want to express my appreciation I saw his knees tremble," Now, our knees and particularly to France, and gained from to our distinguished majority leader, Con­ do not tremble at the word "revolution." France some of its great understandings of We believe in it, we believe in the progress gressman McCoRMACK. He and I and the the past and its view of the future. leadership of the House and Senate have of mankind. We believe in freedom and we And twice in this century Americans h ave intend to be associated with it in the days breakfast every Tuesday morning and what gone to France, this time not on a peaceful he does with me he did with President Tru­ to come. mission, but on behalf of the new world in So I come back to this old city, to ex­ man and he did before that with President its efforts to redress the balance of the old, Roosevelt. press my thanks to all of you who are my in 1917 and again in 1944. oldest friends, to express my appreciation So Congressman McCoRMACK has been I go to France on this occasion not in identified with the great decisions that this for your confidence and support tonight on order to invoke old memories, even though past occasions, and I hope in the future. country has made in the thirties, the forties, t hose memories are important, but to look the fifties and now the sixties and he has And I carry with me a message which is to the future of the close relationship which written on one of our statues by a dis­ been a so~rce of strength and I appreciate must exist between France and the United the support in the past and tonight. tinguished and vigorous New Englander, States if the cause of freedom in the Atlantic William Lloyd Garrison. I want to state how gratified I am that communit y is to be preserved. His Eminence is with us tonight. He mar­ "I am in earnest. I will not equivocate. And I go to pay a visit to a distinguished I will not excuse. · I will not retreat a ried us, he christened my daughter, he in­ carytain of the West, General de Gaulle, who single inch. And I will be heard." augurated me, he has prayed over me and h as been involved for more than 20 years in Thank you. I hope he will continue to do so. a struggle to protect the integrity of West­ And we all pray for Governor Volpe, that ern Europe. And therefore I go with good now he has seen how pleasant it has been wishes of all the citizens of our country as to be a Democrat, he will come over with us. we pay a visit to an old friend. I want to express my thanks to Pat Lynch, I go also to Vienna and I know there are Fifteenth Anniversary of the Republic of our distinguished chairman, who undertook some Americans who wonder why I take that the responsibility of running this dinner. journey. I am only 44, but I have lived in Italy To Judge Mellen, to the m ayor of Boston for my 44 years through three wars, the First his generous reception tonight, to the Mem­ World War, the Second World War, and the EXTENSION OF REMARKS bers of Congress from our State and Senator Korean war. Smith, and also to our friends from other No one can study the origin of any of OF States of New England, Senator Pastore, my those three struggles without realizing the friend and valued colleague; Ed Muskie, who serious miscalculations, the serious misap­ HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. is with us from Maine; Governor Notte from prehensions, about the possible actions of OF NEW JERSEY Rhode Island, Governor Dempsey from Con­ the other side which existed in the minds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES necticut-actually I must say that I had of the adversaries which helped bring about something to do with making Governor all those wars. Thursday, June 1, 1961 Dempsey the Governor of Connecticut when On the war of 1914, the Austrians gave we brought Abe Ribicoff down to Washing­ an ultimatum to Serbia and the Russians Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the last ton. We did two good things. then mobilized, and France, then in alliance war caused more misery and misfortune Also, we don't have any Democratic Gov­ with Russia, then mobilized and then the to more human beings in more areas of ernors in New Hampshire and Vermont, but Germans mobilized, and then when the Ger­ the world than any previous event in we have Representatives and we appreciate mans saw that France and the Russians mo­ human history. For some of those who their being here. bilized attacked through Belgium, which survived, the end of the war brought an Most of all, I want to thank all of you. I brought in the British. have been informed that with this dinner era of good. In Europe, two oppressive One week before, the British would never dictatorships were destroyed and demo­ I am now responsible as the leader of the h ave dreamed they would have been at war Democratic Party for a debt of only $1 mil­ and I doubt that the French did. No one cratic governments took their place. lion. Now, did anyone ever get a birthday would have dreamed that 2 years later the Today is the 15th anniversary of the es­ present like that? One million dollars. I United States would be involved in a war on tablishment of one of those govern­ don't know-they spent it like they were the Continent. ments. And today I salute the Republic sure we were going to win. In 1939 and 1940, after the loss of Austria of Italy. But I am most grateful to you. This has and Czechoslovakia, finally the British guar­ Born in the days of physical desola­ been a series of shocks which you have en­ anteed Poland but there is certainly some tion and privation, the Republic did not dured on my behalf, in 1952, in 1958, the evidence that Hitler never believed that the primaries, the election, and I am sure you British would have come to the assistance spring full grown from the ashes. The are wondering when it is all going to be over. of Poland and he never believed that the very conditions under which it did take But the great thing is, of course, it never United States would again become involved its beginnings might have been fruitful ends. We will get this p aid off and then we in a great struggle on the plains of Europe. for another capture by the Communists. will start all over again. Certainly in the war of 1950 in Korea, But the Italian people, having for the This is a tremendous dinner. It is the the North Koreans never imagined that the first time an opportunity to choose their greatest possible help to us. I want you to United States would come to the assistance governor, would not pass it by. Unem­ know that I have-even though we have by warlike means of the Republic of South many things on our mind-this on our Korea, and we in our part did not imagine ployment and hunger were accepted as mind, and it is on John Bailey's mind and that the Chinese Communists would inter­ temporary burdens to share a while I am greatly in your debt tonight. Thank vene as we approached North Korea. longer; and the republican form of gov­ you. Now we live in 1961, where freedom is in ernment was accepted as a responsibility I want to also thank Mr. Frost for saying battle all around the globe, where the by Italians the length of Italy. At­ an Irish poem over us. He spoke very highly United States has intimate alliances with tacked by those who sought a return to of Harvard, but I do think it appropriate more than 40 countries. I see value in the Fascist type of rule and by those to reveal that on the morning after the in­ talking to those with whom we are allied, augural when he came to the White House but I also think it valuable at a time when who would impose the Red rule of the he said, "You are something of Irish and I both sides possess weapons of destruction left, the citizens of the new Republic suppose something of Harvard. My advice and annihilation that there should be un­ persisted in their efforts to achieve a to you as President is to be something of derstanding and communication and a firm rule under law by the democratic Irish." So we are going to do the best we realization of what we believe. process. The success of their efforts is can. So I go to see Mr. Khrushchev in Vienna. recognized and acclaimed everywhere in I leave tomorrow night on a trip to France. I go as the leader of the greatest revolu­ the free world today. The United States is, as President de Gaulle tionary country on earth. has said, the daughter of Europe, and in a I know that there is in some areas of While forging for themselves a new special way we have the most intimate rela­ the world, and even in some parts of the government of the people, Italians un­ tions with France. United States, an image of us as a fixed dertook great works for the people. Do­ Paul Revere, who is regarded as a good society. Bernard De Voto once said New mestic industry has been revised. Un­ Yankee, was of French descent. Benjamin England is a finished place. And some employment, thought for so lo~g to be a 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9397 national condition of fact, has been re­ Such a program, Mr. Baldanzi said, with the required skills to find work in duced, not only in the great traditional must provide at least the following: our increasingly complex society, because industrial area of the north, but in the Companywide recall rights; first hir­ America is changing in such a way and southern provinces as well. Extensive ing rights in new plants to workers laid so rapidly that there will be less and less public works have healed the deep off at less modern plants; double early room for the unskilled worker. wounds of war and extended to the people retirement rights to employees thrown Referring to the vast productive po­ far more services and facilities than they out of work by plant closings; much im­ tential of America, Baldanzi declared ever had in low-cost housing, power, proved severance pay allowances as com­ that the expenditures of tax dollars to transportation, and communications. At pensation in forced layoffs; extension improve the welfare of the American the same time, thanks in great part to of supplementary unemployment benefits people will also help to generate the the generous aid instituted by our Mar­ in industry; vested pension rights; job momentum to get America moving. He shall plan, Italy built up its industrial protection through advance notice of called the Kennedy program, not too plant and reentered the field of world technological changes; company-paid much, but too moderate, and an at­ trade, so that today there is hardly a retraining. tempt to catch up when what is needed trade in which the heritage of Italian The labor movement, Baldanzi said, is a program to meet the future needs craftsmanship is not again known will seek these protections as a very mini­ of our people. The way to make Amer­ throughout the world. Annually, her mum because they are a matter of grim ica great, he said, is to make the new national product continues to rise at bet-· necessity for the workers and of survival technological revolution serve the people ter than a 10-percent average in the for the labor movement. People, he said, of this country, and of the entire world. mining, textile, metallurgical, mechani­ are more important than machines, and cal, chemical, and energy industries. the American labor movement will not­ Economic progress, domestic and in­ it cannot-accept a situation in which ternational, has not been accomplished the social effects of technological im­ Back-Door Budget-Buster Bill in Italy by selfish, unilateral action. A provement are ignored, and only its ca­ respected charter member of the Euro­ pacity to provide greater profits with EXTENSION OF REMARKS pean Economic Community and Eura­ fewer and fewer workers is the primary OF tom, she has been a leader in the drive consideration. to gradually abolish tariffs among the On the collective bargaining front, he HON. THOMAS M. PELLY continental countries, and to achieve for said, industry will continue to fight the OF WASHINGTON these nations full employment at decent organization of its workers only at its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wages. Host to the World Health Or­ own peril. Unless there are successful Thursday, June 1, 1961 ganization, Italy has also been a mem­ unions, he declared, there may be social ber of the United Nations since 1955, breakdown, since workers unable to solve Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, on May 26, and was elected to the Security Council job problems at the job level and in the 1961, the House Banking and Currency only 2 years after admittance to the U.N. uncertain days that lie ahead will be Committee ordered reported an omnibus And while strengthening her economic "meat for the demagog." housing bill, H.R. 6028, which will soon sinews, Italy has not neglected her in­ Baldanzi called also for acceptance of be debated on the floor of the House of ternational military posture. With an labor's growing demand for a guaranteed Representatives. army, air force, and navy designed to be annual wage, which "by I.J>roviding great­ I hope that during the debate on this the pivotal nucleus for Mediterranean er security, would encourage a plant's bill, the Members will weigh carefully forces of the NATO nations, she con­ labor force to be more flexible and less the approval of a multi-billion-dollar tinues to build her ships and planes and insistent on rigid job classification." housing bill which represents the most armaments only in concert with NATO glaring example of back-door spending plans. Unlike some of our other allies, SHORTER WORKWEEK from the Treasury that has ever been she has welcomed American forces, our The shorter workweek--or work­ presented to the House. bases, and our assistance, particularly year-is on the way, he also said. The bill involves disbursements from with respect to training her own forces. "Nothing can stop it, short of a hot the U.S. Treasury over a period of years On all counts, what was a defeated, de­ war, and management would be well ad­ aggregating $8.837 billion; $5.277 billion moralized area but 15 years ago is now a vised to negotiate in this area if it pre­ represents outright grants and $3.560 bil­ vital, thriving nation. L.ed by dedicated, fers gradual change to abrupt reduc­ lion represents loans of Treasury money democratic leaders, Italy is herself an tion." at submarket interest rates, rates which exemplary leader in the community of He also called job retraining a joint incidentally are less than that which the free Western World. responsibility in which the employer, must be paid by the Treasury to borrow labor and the community must share, money at comparable maturities. and declared that the intelligent way Of this $8.837 billion, only $241 million is to begin now in a planned fashion be­ is subject to the appropriations process fore the problems of retraining become of the Congress. Think of it, only 2.7 Management and Government Must Face more acute. percent of this mammoth expenditure of Up to Automation and Unemployment However, he pointed out, unless there $8.837 billion is subject to the control of are jobs for workers who have been re­ the Appropriations Committees, and the trained, retraining is meaningless, and remaining 97.3 percent will involve with­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS the real answer lies in steps to make drawals from the Treasury via the "back OF jobs available to all Americans willing to door." This staggers the imagination. work. Citing figures to show the thou­ It appears all right for the Congress HON. GEORGE M. RHODES sands of jobs lost through automation on to have to appropriate money before OF PENNSYLVANIA farms, in factories, and offices, Baldanzi money may be expended or contractual IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said that public works and services long obligations executed for missiles, air­ craft, rockets, men-of-war, and the other Thursday, June 1, 1961 overdue must be undertaken now to fill the gap left by these lost jobs. There "hardware" required by our forces. But Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania. Mr. is room for both public and private ac­ for some strange reasons, programs such Speaker, several weeks ago Mr. George tion in these fields-education, hospitals, as acquiring land for parks and recrea­ Baldanzi, president of the United Textile social and medical research, education, tional purposes, grants for urban re­ Workers, delivered an address to the recreational facilities among them. newal, public housing, loans for com­ technical conference of the Eastern munity facilities, college housing-all States Show of the Material Handling PROGRAM TOO MODERATE seem to be surrounded by some weird Institute in Philadelphia. In addition to retraining workers who bureaucratic sanctity, which in effect "Unless industry adopts an effective are thrown out of work by automation, says to the Appropriations Committees: program to offset the impact of automa­ an equally important problem, which "This is no concern of yours." tion," President Baldanzi stated, "serious must also be met by whatever planning I hope that when this housing bill social consequences for which industry is necessary. is to equip the noncollege comes to the floor that the Members will will have only itself to blame, will result." worker who will enter the labor market resist with all the indignation that they 9398 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 1 can summon to the task this most recent U.S. flag and the church flag on May 28, It is equally strongly held in our gov­ and most flagrant violation of a basic 1961, at the Christian· and Missionary ernmental theory that· no church be estab­ constitutional principle that public Alliance Chtirch, Altoona, Pa.: lished, directly supported, or preferred over another church. moneys should not be withdrawn from (Address delivered by the Honorable James That we in the United States are pre­ the Treasury except pursuant to an ap­ E. Van Zandt,· Congressman, 20th District of ponderantly Christian is no just excuse or propriation made by law. Pennsylvania at dedication ceremony for U.S. valid reason for governmental acts that It is truly a monument to what the flag and church flag, C.hristian and Mission­ offend adherents of other religions or tend country can do for the people. Regret­ ary Alliance Church, Altoona, Pa., May 28, to violate their conscientious beliefs and tably, it also represents a signal to the 1961.) prescribed practices. The simultaneous dedication today-here When these matters are brought down to world that the United States is on the in this house of God-of our country's flag threshold of a big new spending program particulars they often occasion acrimonious and of the church's flag-is a dramatic dem­ disagreement and dispute. and that a new run on United States onstration-both of the separation proper However, insofar as we become angry and gold may be just over the horizon. to cb,urch and state in our American form bitter about such matters-just so far we are I ask unanimous consent to insert as of government--and of the harmony between likely to be violating our principles as re­ part of these remarks a cost breakdown church and state-proper to any government ligious people, as Christians, and as Amer­ of this housing bill. Unfortunately, I of Christian people. icans. was unable to use the cost estimate of These separate flags indicate that we are For the Golden Rule--found in varying not combining church with state. forms in all major religions and forming the the committee majority because for some Neither is placed above the other-but strange reason, the majority party is re­ core-not only of the Sermon on the Mount, they are on a level-indicating that our but of the entire Scripture, directs us: luctant to put a price tag on 100,000 pub­ religious faith is not subordinated to our "Therefore, all things whatsoever ye would lic housing units. Because I cannot political adherence-and that our national that men should do unto you do ye even so to reconcile myself to this dialectical exer­ patriotism is not governed or controlled by them: for this is the law and the prophets." cise in logic that these public housing our denominational loyalty. The imperative of this commandment, as units cost nothing, I have been forced to These two flags are set up-not in opposi­ applied to the church and state relation­ rely on the cost estimate provided, or t ion-but in a natural and harmonious ship--would certainly seem to direct a alliance. cordial willingness to discuss the matter ob­ should I say buried, in the printed hear­ We know that the corporate political acts ings on the housing bill. jectively, to hear and sympathize with other of our Government must be ruled by prin­ people's feelings and emotional preferences­ The cost estimate follows: ciples of morality that are basically reli­ as well as their logically grounded argu­ Financial impact of H.R. 6028, the Housing gious-and that each person concerned in ments. Act of 1961, as reported by the House the taslts of governing-from the highest of­ We are inclined to think casually of the Banking and Currency Committee ficial to voting citizen-must bring his American way as being simply the rule of religious motivated conscience to bear upon [In the majority or, as it is sometimes put "the millions of dollars] public issues. The saying, "God rules in the affairs of greatest good of the greatest number," but Program I Grants Loans men,"-quoted by Benjamin Franklin in his it is not so. appeal for prayers in the Constitutional Unqualified majority rule--or democracy unrestrained by law and political processes­ Urban renewal capital grants ______1 2, 000 ______Convention-expresses a profound and last­ Urban planning gran,ts______z 30 ______ing truth and we will forget it at our peril. is a tyranny as absolute, and more invulner­ Permanent open land acquisition______2 100 ______We of the Congress of the United States able--than any autocracy. FNMA special assistance ______3 41,550 Not even an assassin can free the country Direct loans for elderly housing______2 100 followed the dictates of our own con­ New authorizations for public housing sciences-as well as the surge of popular ruled over by that many-headed despot--the and additional subsidies for elderly feeling and opinion in the country-when mob. - Therefore we protect our individuals, our ----3-500 we added the phrase, "Under God," to the Publicc~=~t worksyfaciliti~--~~======advances______~______~ ~~~~~-__ z 10 Pledge of Allegiance; when we ordered that minorities, our groups of all sorts, by the the words "In God we trust" be added to proclamation of a permanent principle, un­ derlying our laws and governmental proce­ ~~~~g~~~~~~======3 1j ~gg all new designs of paper currency in the Farm housing research______2 1 ------United States; and when we made these dures that no majority may override, ignore, TotaL______5, 277 3, 560 words-"In God we trust"-the official motto take away, or violate, the right of any minor­ of the United States. ity-or even the right of any individual. Total loans and grants______8, 837 We gave expression to our feeling of the Our laws are made to preserve this funda­ intimate connection between government mental principle to insure its operation. I Authorizes contracts pledging faith of U .S . Govern­ and religion-when we established a Prayer The system of representation in our leg­ ment. Congress is legally bound to appropriate money Room, in the Capitol-in which any Mem­ islatures-the checks and balances whereby in future years. legislative, executive, and judicial branches 2 Appropriation by Congress necessary before con­ ber may spend such time as he wishes in tractual obligation eifective. prayer and meditation-communing within of Government counter each other's powers­ 3 Not appropriated; Treasury withdrawals are noted as himself and with God-on affairs of state­ all are designed to safeguard this essential "public debt transactions." as well as on personal matters. freedom, the liberty and dignity of the indi­ 4 Computed as follows: $750 million direct authorization plus In our churches-and in church-spon­ vidual man, and his freedom from oppression $200 million authorized and unexpended from 1958 sored institutions-such as schools, scout by any power or combination of men. program 10 plus troops, and youth organizations-we have Each one of us is a member of the whole $600 million representing 4 years of repayments community of America and must willingly from FNMA liquidations portfolio of pre-1954 stressed pa,triotism-and the development of mortgages. character-that makes for good citizenship. serve the welfare and liberty of all. & Based on HHF A estimates projected over 40-year In these ways and in social and welfare We choose freely to work together to strive subsidy period. Sec pp. 118-119, House hearings, April­ activities-our churches have contributed toward the goals of our common advantage May 1961. to the whole of American society. to protect one another from the injustices Our Government has in turn benefited the and oppressions of man, and from the hard­ churches by providing the environment of ships and disasters that grow out of man's freedom-in which alone can the churches relations with his natural environment. Dedication Ceremony for the U.S. Flag live and operate fully. But we are subject to no authority on The churches need not only freedom of earth but those men whom we ourselves have and the Church Flag at the Christian religion as such, but freedom of assembly, chosen and put in office, or those whom they and Missionary Alliance Church, Al­ freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and in turn have appointed. the general atmosphere of intellectual free­ These officials are the servants of the toona, Pa., May 28, 1961 dom. people rather.than their rulers. The churches need in short, the kind of And each official--each governmental EXTENSION OF REMARKS surroundings that are provided by a gov­ agency-is subject to the rule of law as is each citizen. OF ernment, based upon our fundamental Amer­ ican principle that power is bestowed by God This law is based upon what Thomas Jef­ HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT upon the people, and by the people delegated ferson termed' "the laws of nature and of to governmental authority to be wielded for nature's God." OF PENNSYLVANIA the people's benefit and with regard to the In America, from .the days of the founding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rights of individuals and groups within the of our Nation,.each man has been subject, in Thursday, June 1, 1961 state. "the last analysis, to God alone. That the church be protected in its exist-_ During these troubled days, w~th interna­ Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, it was ence--in its worship--and in its perform­ tional dissension increasing every hour, we my privileg~ to deliver the following ad­ ance of civic and social tasks-is thus a .part need to pray fervently that Almighty God will dress at the dedication ceremony for the of our governmental theory. inspire our Nation's leaders in making the 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 9399 right decisions on the momentous problems and for the church, and the Nation-each but we will likewise be rendering to a marked affecting our national security. dedicated in its own special way-to the degree--our respect and devotion for the This is a time when we shoUld utter in service of God and to the care of His people. priceless heritage of American freedom. unison the stirring prayer of Josiah Gilbert As we dedicate the church flag and the Since we are approaching Memorial Day, Holland: flag of our country, we should realize the it is appropriate to recall the heroic sacrifices spiritual values represented by these banners made in defense of our fiag--<>n the seven "God give us men. since they depict our love of God, love of seas and on the battlefronts of the world. A time like this demands strong minds, church, and love of country. Our honored dead made the supreme sac­ stout hearts, true faith, and ready These flags are to be regarded with the ut­ rifice for love of country-and in the convic­ hands; most love and reverence, because they are tion that man was made in the image of Al­ Men whom the lust of office does not kill; emblems of our religious faith and of the mighty God, and thus the human dignity of Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy; loyalty and respect we owe our beloved mankind must never be questioned. Men who express opinions and a will; country. As we gaze upon these two flags this morn­ May ea.ch one of us return home today re­ ing, let us appreciate their real significance, Men who have honor-men who will not and mindful of our imperative need for God's lie." solved to live out in his life the principles in­ voked today in the dedication of these two guidance; let us from the innermost recesses Here in this holy place--we have assembled flags-the flag of the United States of Amer­ of our hearts fervently utter the well-known to worship God-and in so doing we mani­ ica and the Christian flag. supplication so appropriate to this occasion and particularly to this season of the year. fest our dependence upon Him. We submit If we rededicate ourselves in such a man­ ourselves and all our acts to Him, asking His ner to these cherished principles-we will not Lord God of hosts-be with us yet, guidance for each one of us individually, only be paying true homage to Almighty God Lest we forget; lest we forget.

Senate by Mr. Ratchford, one of his sec­ The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ SENATE retaries. pore. If there be no reports of commit­ tees, the new reports on the Executive FRIDAY, JUNE 2, 1961 MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Calendar will be stated. The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m., arid was called to order by Hon. J. J. HICKEY, A message from the House of Repre­ a Senator from the State of Wyoming. sentatives, by Mr. Maw·er, one of its COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS Rev. C. Leslie Glenn, reading clerks, announced that the House former rector of had passed a bill (H.R. 7371) making ap­ The Chief Clerk proceeded to read St. John's Church, Washington, D.C., sundry nominations of collectors of cus­ offered the following prayer: propriations for the Departments of State and Justice, the Judiciary, andre­ toms. Most gracious God, we humbly be­ lated agencies for the fiscal year ending Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I seech Thee, as for the people of these June 30, 1962, and for other purposes, ask that these nominations be considered United States in general, so especially in which it requested the concurrence of en bloc. for their Senate here and now assem­ the Senate. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ bled; that Thou wouldest be pleased to pore. Without objection, the nomina­ direct and prosper all their consulta­ tions of collectors of customs will be con­ tions, to the advancement of Thy glory, HOUSE BILL REFERRED sidered en bloc. the safety, honor, and welfare of Thy The bill