Chitin Digestion and Assimilation by Seabirds
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Iran J Biotech. 2015 December;13(4): e1175 DOI:10.15171/ijb.1175 Research Article An Alternative Bacterial Expression System Using Bacillus pumilus SG2 Chitinase Promoter Kambiz Morabbi Heravi 1, Garshasb Rigi 2, Maryam Rezaei Arjomand 3, Amin Rostami 3, Gholamreza Ahmadian 3,* 1Institut für Industrielle Genetik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran 3Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Gholamreza Ahmadian, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2144787301-10, Fax: +98-2144787399, E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 27, 2015; Revised: September 20, 2015; Accepted: October 03, 2015 Background: Chitin is an abundant natural polysaccharide found in fungi, algae, and exoskeleton of insects. Several bac- terial species are capable of utilizing chitin as their carbon source. These bacteria produce chitinases for degradation of chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. So far, regulation of the chitinase encoding genes has been studied in different bacte- rial species. Among Bacillus species, B. pumilus strain SG2 encodes two chitinases, ChiS and ChiL. The promoter region of chiSL genes (PchiS) is mainly regulated by the general carbon catabolite repression (CCR) system in B. subtilis due to the presence of a catabolite responsive element (cre). Objectives: Use of PchiS in constructing an inducible expression system in B. subtilis was investigated. Materials and Methods: In the first step, complete and shortened versions of PchiS were inserted upstream of the lacZ on a pBS72/pUC18 shuttle plasmid. -
Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications
Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications Edited by Marguerite Rinaudo and Francisco M. Goycoolea Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Polymers www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications Special Issue Editors Marguerite Rinaudo Francisco M. Goycoolea MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Marguerite Rinaudo Francisco M. Goycoolea University of Grenoble Alpes University of Leeds France UK Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360) from 2017 to 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers/ special issues/chitin chitosan) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-802-2 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-803-9 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... ix Preface to ”Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications” ......... -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,981,835 Austin-Phillips Et Al
USOO598.1835A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,981,835 Austin-Phillips et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 9, 1999 54) TRANSGENIC PLANTS AS AN Brown and Atanassov (1985), Role of genetic background in ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF Somatic embryogenesis in Medicago. Plant Cell Tissue LIGNOCELLULOSC-DEGRADING Organ Culture 4:107-114. ENZYMES Carrer et al. (1993), Kanamycin resistance as a Selectable marker for plastid transformation in tobacco. Mol. Gen. 75 Inventors: Sandra Austin-Phillips; Richard R. Genet. 241:49-56. Burgess, both of Madison; Thomas L. Castillo et al. (1994), Rapid production of fertile transgenic German, Hollandale; Thomas plants of Rye. Bio/Technology 12:1366–1371. Ziegelhoffer, Madison, all of Wis. Comai et al. (1990), Novel and useful properties of a chimeric plant promoter combining CaMV 35S and MAS 73 Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research elements. Plant Mol. Biol. 15:373-381. Foundation, Madison, Wis. Coughlan, M.P. (1988), Staining Techniques for the Detec tion of the Individual Components of Cellulolytic Enzyme 21 Appl. No.: 08/883,495 Systems. Methods in Enzymology 160:135-144. de Castro Silva Filho et al. (1996), Mitochondrial and 22 Filed: Jun. 26, 1997 chloroplast targeting Sequences in tandem modify protein import specificity in plant organelles. Plant Mol. Biol. Related U.S. Application Data 30:769-78O. 60 Provisional application No. 60/028,718, Oct. 17, 1996. Divne et al. (1994), The three-dimensional crystal structure 51 Int. Cl. ............................. C12N 15/82; C12N 5/04; of the catalytic core of cellobiohydrolase I from Tricho AO1H 5/00 derma reesei. Science 265:524-528. -
Lactobacillus Plantarum ATCC 8014 Successive Two-Step Fermentation
1 Production of chitin from shrimp shell powders using Serratia marcescens B742 and 2 Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 successive two-step fermentation 3 4 Hongcai Zhang a, Yafang Jin a, Yun Deng a, Danfeng Wang a, Yanyun Zhao a,b* 5 a School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. 6 China; 7 b Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-6602, 8 USA 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 * Corresponding author: 19 Dr. Yanyun Zhao, Professor 20 Dept. of Food Science & Technology 21 Oregon State University 22 Corvallis, OR 97331-6602 23 E-mail: [email protected] 1 24 ABSTRACT 25 Shrimp shell powders (SSP) were fermented by successive two-step fermentation of Serratia 26 marcescens B742 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 to extract chitin. Taguchi 27 experimental design with orthogonal array was employed to investigate the most contributing 28 factors on each of the one-step fermentation first. The identified optimal fermentation conditions 29 for extracting chitin from SSP using S. marcescens B742 were 2% SSP, 2 h of sonication time, 30 10% incubation level and 4 d of culture time, while that of using L. plantarum ATCC 8014 31 fermentation was 2% SSP, 15% glucose, 10% incubation level and 2 d of culture time. 32 Successive two-step fermentation using identified optimal fermentation conditions resulted in 33 chitin yield of 18.9% with the final deproteinization (DP) and demineralization (DM) rate of 34 94.5% and 93.0%, respectively. The obtained chitin was compared with the commercial chitin 35 from SSP using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 36 (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). -
Immunostimulatory Properties and Antitumor Activities of Glucans (Review)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 43: 357-364, 2013 Immunostimulatory properties and antitumor activities of glucans (Review) LUCA VANNUCCI1,2, JIRI KRIZAN1, PETR SIMA1, DMITRY STAKHEEV1, FABIAN CAJA1, LENKA RAJSIGLOVA1, VRATISLAV HORAK2 and MUSTAFA SAIEH3 1Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4; 2Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; 3Department of Biology, University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi, Gharyan Campus, Libya Received April 5, 2013; Accepted May 17, 2013 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1974 Abstract. New foods and natural biological modulators have 1. Introduction recently become of scientific interest in the investigation of the value of traditional medical therapeutics. Glucans have Renewed interest has recently arisen for both functional foods an important part in this renewed interest. These fungal wall and the investigation of the scientific value of traditional components are claimed to be useful for various medical medical treatments. The evaluation of mushroom derivatives purposes and they are obtained from medicinal mushrooms and their medical properties are important part of these studies. commonly used in traditional Oriental medicine. The immu- Polysaccharides, including the glucans, have been described as notherapeutic properties of fungi extracts have been reported, biologically active molecules (1-4). Certain glucose polymers, including the enhancement of anticancer immunity responses. such as (1→3), (1→6)-β-glucans, were recently proposed as potent These properties are principally related to the stimulation of immunomodulation agents (3-5). -
Characterization of a Chitinase and an Endo-Β-1,3-Glucanase from Trichoderma Harzianum Rifai T24 Involved in Control of the Phytopathogen Sclerotium Rolfsii
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2001) 56:137–143 DOI 10.1007/s002530100646 ORIGINAL PAPER M.H. El-Katatny · M. Gudelj · K.-H. Robra M.A. Elnaghy · G.M. Gübitz Characterization of a chitinase and an endo-β-1,3-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T24 involved in control of the phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Received: 23 November 2000 / Received revision: 26 January 2001 / Accepted: 26 January 2001 / Published online: 19 May 2001 © Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract Of 24 Trichoderma isolates, T. harzianum causes disease in over 500 plant species. Recently, the Rifai (T24) showed a potential for control of the phyto- fungus has also been found in Europe on different hosts, pathogenic basidiomycete Sclerotium rolfsii. When T24 including juglans and sunflowers (Belisario and Corazza was grown on different carbon sources, growth inhibi- 1996; Infantino et al. 1997). Mycoparasitic fungi have tion of S. rolfsii by the T24 culture filtrate correlated been shown to have a potential for the control of plant with the activity of extracellular chitinase and β-1,3- diseases caused by S. rolfsii (Maoa et al. 2000). Lectins glucanase. The 43-kilodalton (kDa) chitinase and the of S. rolfsii were found to be the recognition signal initi- 74-kDa β-1,3-glucanase were purified from the T24 cul- ating the coiling process in Trichoderma harzianum ture filtrate in two and three steps, respectively, using (Inbar and Chet 1995) (Fig. 1), while it has been sug- ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by hydropho- gested that constitutive carbohydrolases of T. harzianum bic interaction chromatography (phenyl-Sepharose) and release oligosaccharides from Rhizoctonia solani cell β gel filtration ( -1,3-glucanase). -
Flavonoid Glucodiversification with Engineered Sucrose-Active Enzymes Yannick Malbert
Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Yannick Malbert To cite this version: Yannick Malbert. Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes. Biotechnol- ogy. INSA de Toulouse, 2014. English. NNT : 2014ISAT0038. tel-01219406 HAL Id: tel-01219406 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01219406 Submitted on 22 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Last name: MALBERT First name: Yannick Title: Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Speciality: Ecological, Veterinary, Agronomic Sciences and Bioengineering, Field: Enzymatic and microbial engineering. Year: 2014 Number of pages: 257 Flavonoid glycosides are natural plant secondary metabolites exhibiting many physicochemical and biological properties. Glycosylation usually improves flavonoid solubility but access to flavonoid glycosides is limited by their low production levels in plants. In this thesis work, the focus was placed on the development of new glucodiversification routes of natural flavonoids by taking advantage of protein engineering. Two biochemically and structurally characterized recombinant transglucosylases, the amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea and the α-(1→2) branching sucrase, a truncated form of the dextransucrase from L. Mesenteroides NRRL B-1299, were selected to attempt glucosylation of different flavonoids, synthesize new α-glucoside derivatives with original patterns of glucosylation and hopefully improved their water-solubility. -
N-Acetylglucosamine: Production and Applications
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 2493-2516; doi:10.3390/md8092493 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review N-Acetylglucosamine: Production and Applications Jeen-Kuan Chen 1,†, Chia-Rui Shen 2,† and Chao-Lin Liu 3,* 1 Department of Environment and Biotechnology, Refining & Manufacturing Research Institute, CPC Corporation, 217 Min-Sheng S. Rd, Chiayi, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] (J.-K.C.) 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] (C.-R.S.) 3 Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taipei, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, Taipei, Taiwan † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-2908-9899; Fax: +886-3-211-8698. Received: 22 March 2010; in revised form: 19 April 2010 / Accepted: 23 April 2010 / Published: 15 September 2010 Abstract: N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that usually polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin, the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose. In addition to serving as a component of this homogeneous polysaccharide, GlcNAc is also a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate on the cell surface. In this review, we discuss the industrial production of GlcNAc, using chitin as a substrate, by chemical, enzymatic and biotransformation methods. Also, newly developed methods to obtain GlcNAc using glucose as a substrate in genetically modified microorganisms are introduced. -
Mapping the Transglycosylation Relevant Sites of Cold-Adapted -D
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Mapping the Transglycosylation Relevant Sites of Cold-Adapted β-d-Galactosidase from Arthrobacter sp. 32cB Maria Rutkiewicz 1,2,* , Marta Wanarska 3 and Anna Bujacz 1 1 Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] 2 Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany 3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 24 July 2020; Published: 28 July 2020 Abstract: β-Galactosidase from Arthrobacter sp. 32cB (ArthβDG) is a cold-adapted enzyme able to catalyze hydrolysis of β-d-galactosides and transglycosylation reaction, where galactosyl moiety is being transferred onto an acceptor larger than a water molecule. Mutants of ArthβDG: D207A and E517Q were designed to determine the significance of specific residues and to enable formation of complexes with lactulose and sucrose and to shed light onto the structural basis of the transglycosylation reaction. The catalytic assays proved loss of function mutation E517 into glutamine and a significant drop of activity for mutation of D207 into alanine. Solving crystal structures of two new mutants, and new complex structures of previously presented mutant E441Q enables description of introduced changes within active site of enzyme and determining the importance of mutated residues for active site size and character. -
Characterization of Chitinase Activities, and Cloning, Analysis, And
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2002 Characterization of chitinase activities, and cloning, analysis, and expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins in strawberry Anwar Ahmad Khan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Khan, Anwar Ahmad, "Characterization of chitinase activities, and cloning, analysis, and expression of genes encoding pathogenesis- related proteins in strawberry" (2002). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2350. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2350 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. CHARACTERIAZATION OF CHITINASE ACTIVITIES, AND CLONING, ANALYSIS, AND EXPRESSION OF GENES ENCODING PATHOGENESIS- RELATED PROTEINS IN STRAWBERRY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of Biological Sciences By Anwar A. Khan B.Sc. University of Karachi, 1987 B.S. Winona State University, 1994 December, 2002 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my dear brother Ayaz Ahmed Khan (late). He was one of the most brilliant persons I have known in my early age. His encouragement and help is one reason I am able to reach this point in my life. I was fortunate to have him as a brother and it would have made him proud to see me complete a doctorate degree. -
The Microbiota-Produced N-Formyl Peptide Fmlf Promotes Obesity-Induced Glucose
Page 1 of 230 Diabetes Title: The microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide fMLF promotes obesity-induced glucose intolerance Joshua Wollam1, Matthew Riopel1, Yong-Jiang Xu1,2, Andrew M. F. Johnson1, Jachelle M. Ofrecio1, Wei Ying1, Dalila El Ouarrat1, Luisa S. Chan3, Andrew W. Han3, Nadir A. Mahmood3, Caitlin N. Ryan3, Yun Sok Lee1, Jeramie D. Watrous1,2, Mahendra D. Chordia4, Dongfeng Pan4, Mohit Jain1,2, Jerrold M. Olefsky1 * Affiliations: 1 Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 3 Second Genome, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA. 4 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. * Correspondence to: 858-534-2230, [email protected] Word Count: 4749 Figures: 6 Supplemental Figures: 11 Supplemental Tables: 5 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online April 22, 2019 Diabetes Page 2 of 230 ABSTRACT The composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and associated metabolites changes dramatically with diet and the development of obesity. Although many correlations have been described, specific mechanistic links between these changes and glucose homeostasis remain to be defined. Here we show that blood and intestinal levels of the microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), are elevated in high fat diet (HFD)- induced obese mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the N-formyl peptide receptor Fpr1 leads to increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, dependent upon glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Obese Fpr1-knockout (Fpr1-KO) mice also display an altered microbiome, exemplifying the dynamic relationship between host metabolism and microbiota. -
Aspergillus Fumigatus, One Uninucleate Species with Disparate Offspring
Journal of Fungi Article Aspergillus fumigatus, One Uninucleate Species with Disparate Offspring François Danion 1,2,3 , Norman van Rhijn 4 , Alexandre C. Dufour 5,† , Rachel Legendre 6, Odile Sismeiro 6, Hugo Varet 6,7 , Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin 5 , Isabelle Mouyna 1, Georgios Chamilos 8, Michael Bromley 4, Anne Beauvais 1 and Jean-Paul Latgé 1,8,*,‡ 1 Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (I.M.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Centre d’infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France 4 Manchester Fungal Infection Group, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; [email protected] (N.v.R.); [email protected] (M.B.) 5 Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France; [email protected] (A.C.D.); [email protected] (J.-C.O.-M.) 6 Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Plate-Forme Transcriptome et Epigenome, Biomics, 75015 Paris, France; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (O.S.); [email protected] (H.V.) 7 Département Biologie Computationnelle, Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, 75015 Paris, France 8 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH and School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current addresses: Centre Scientifique et Technique Jean Féger, Total, 64000 Pau, France. ‡ Current addresses: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH, University of Crete Heraklion, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.