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Masterproef Bjorn Boriau Rechten

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Masterproef Bjorn Boriau Rechten Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid Universiteit Gent Academiejaar 2012-2013 Revue de droit international et de législation comparée: over oorlog en vrede Masterproef van de opleiding 'Master in de rechten' Ingediend door Bjorn Boriau Studentennummer: 00806968 Tweede Master Rechten Promotor: Prof. Dr. D. Heirbaut Commissaris: Prof. Dr. G. Martyn 2 VOORWOORD Tijdens dit werk is mijn appreciatie voor de mensen van de Revue, maar in het bijzonder Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns enorm toegenomen. Niet alleen op juridisch gebied, maar ook omwille van zijn persoon en in het bijzonder zijn gevoel voor eer. Ik vind het jammer dat Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns weinig erkenning krijgt. Hiermee bedoel ik in eigen land. In Thailand betreft hij dan weer een juridische superster; zo wordt hij beschouwd als de 'meest invloedrijke Europeaan’. Deze proef heeft mij gedurende bijna twee jaar, inclusief twee zomervakanties, bezig gehouden. Een reden hiervoor is dat het een zeer interessant onderwerp betreft, in die mate dat het niet eenvoudig is om grenzen te stellen tijdens het onderzoek. In totaal bevat de eerste serie van het tijdschrift namelijk ongeveer zes grote mappen aan min of meer relevante artikelen. Samen vertegenwoordigt dit toch wel enkele duizenden pagina's. Een tweede reden is dat de meeste schrijvers een bevlogen interessante schrijfstijl hanteren. Dit in contrast met veel van de hedendaagse auteurs. Dit maakt het moeilijk om een tekst snel en oppervlakkig te lezen. Dit zorgt er ook voor dat ik vele artikels heb gelezen waarvan de relevantie miniem gebleken is. Zoals "La question des capitulations "1, een zeer interessant artikel waarin de opportuniteit van capitulaties 2 in het Ottomaanse Rijk wordt onderzocht. Na allerlei omzwervingen heb ik besloten om het onderwerp af te bakenen naar het oorlogsrecht. Dit om allerlei theoretische redenen, die verder staan aangegeven in dit werk, maar ook omdat ik het verschijnsel ‘oorlog’ immer een interessant onderwerp heb gevonden. Zo handelt mijn eindwerk uit de middelbare school over biologische wapens in de oudheid. Door de toepassingen van 'helleborus niger' staan kerstrozen sedertdien bij mij in een nieuw daglicht. Ondanks deze afbakening heeft het een poos geduurd vooraleer ik ook daar in ging schiften. Hierdoor is het een fikse strijd geworden om dit werk op tijd af te krijgen. Op zich kan ik deze symboliek wel smaken in een werk over oorlogsrecht. Verder is het een gepaste bekroning van mijn rechtenopleiding. Ik kan oprecht zeggen dat het schrijven van deze Masterproef met zeer grote voorsprong de grootste uitdaging van mijn opleiding is gebleken. Op alle vlakken. Mede door dit laatste wil ik dan ook bedanken: Professor Heirbaut voor het helpen aandragen van het onderwerp. Assistenten Frederik Dhondt en Sebastiaan Vandenbogaerde, in het bijzonder omdat ze mij tot meermaals toe de noodzaak van schrappen hebben diets gemaakt. Mijn oprechte dank hiervoor, dit werk was anders nooit voltooid. Mijn vriendin, voor de vele steun en eten. Hierdoor heb ik het einde van dit werk gehaald met de meeste van mijn spieren intact. Mijn familieleden die mijn studies mogelijk maken. Mijn vrienden voor de vele aanmoedigende woorden en preken. Mijn paardenvrienden, meesters in het relativeren. 1 P. PRADIER-FODERE, "La question des capitulations", RDILC 1869, 118. 2 In deze context: Gracieuze toegevingen, toegestaan door de sultan, waarbij zekere rechten of privileges worden toegestaan aan inwoners van naties waarmee het Ottomaanse Rijk bevriend is. Kort door de bocht is de conclusie dat capitulaties nodig zijn opdat nog niet kan vertrouwd worden op goede rechtsbedeling door de Ottomanen. Dit ondanks het feit dat de auteur toegeeft dat capitulaties theoretisch verwerpelijk zijn. 3 VOORWOORD .................................................................................................................................................. 3 INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 BRONNEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 1. EIGENTIJDSE LITERAIRE BRONNEN .......................................................................................................................... 11 2. NIET -EIGENTIJDSE LITERAIRE BRONNEN ................................................................................................................... 12 3. REVUE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DE LÉGISLATION COMPARÉE ................................................................................. 14 3.1 De stichters ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.1 John Westlake ................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns ............................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.3 Tobias Asser ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Gelijkenissen ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Definitieve prospectus van de Revue ...................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Gebalde samenvatting ...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Appreciatie ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Editoriaal: 'De l'étude de la législation comparée et du droit international' .......................................... 27 3.3.1 Becommentarieerde samenvatting .................................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Theoretische rechtsvisie.......................................................................................................................... 33 HOOFDSTUK 1: EEN KORTE GESCHIEDENIS VAN HET OORLOGSRECHT ........................................................... 36 1. HET OORLOGSRECHT TOT HET JAAR 1600 ............................................................................................................... 36 1.1 Karakter .................................................................................................................................................. 36 1.2 Uitgelichte concrete facetten ................................................................................................................. 37 1.3 Het is niet al just-war doctrine dat de klok slaat .................................................................................... 38 1.4 Enkele belangrijke vertegenwoordigers ................................................................................................. 39 2. HET OORLOGSRECHT TUSSEN 1600 EN 1815 .......................................................................................................... 40 2.1 Karakter .................................................................................................................................................. 40 2.2 Opkomende dissidente stromingen ....................................................................................................... 42 2.3 Enkele belangrijke vertegenwoordigers ................................................................................................. 42 2.3.1 Hugo Grotius ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1.1 Algemeen .................................................................................................................................................. 42 2.3.1.2 Zijn verwijzingsmethode ........................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.1.3 Zijn rechtsvisie ........................................................................................................................................... 44 2.3.2 Christian Wolff en Emerich de Vattel ................................................................................................................ 45 2.3.2.1 Algemeen .................................................................................................................................................. 45 2.3.2.2 Rechtsvisies ............................................................................................................................................... 46 2.3.2.3 Verwijst Vattel gerechtvaardigde oorlog naar de vuilnisbak? ................................................................... 48 3. HET OORLOGSRECHT TUSSEN 1815 EN 1919 .......................................................................................................... 49 3.1 Karakter .................................................................................................................................................. 49 3.2 Uitgelichte concrete facetten ................................................................................................................
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