Interaction Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Control in Marine Food Webs
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Fish Biomass in Tropical Estuaries: Substantial Variation in Food Web Structure, Sources of Nutrition and Ecosystem-Supporting Processes
Estuaries and Coasts DOI 10.1007/s12237-016-0159-0 Fish Biomass in Tropical Estuaries: Substantial Variation in Food Web Structure, Sources of Nutrition and Ecosystem-Supporting Processes Marcus Sheaves1,2 & Ronald Baker1,2 & Kátya G. Abrantes1 & Rod M. Connolly3 Received: 22 January 2016 /Revised: 1 June 2016 /Accepted: 27 August 2016 # Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation 2016 Abstract Quantification of key pathways sustaining ecosys- sources of nutrition and probably unequal flow of productivity tem function is critical for underpinning informed decisions into higher levels of the food web in different parts of the on development approvals, zoning and offsets, ecosystem res- estuary. In turn, this suggests substantial qualitative and quan- toration and for meaningful environmental assessments and titative differences in ecosystem-supporting processes in dif- monitoring. To develop a more quantitative understanding of ferent estuary reaches. the importance and variation in food webs and nutrient flows in tropical estuaries, we investigated the spatio-temporal dis- Keywords Mangrove . Nekton . Penaeid . Spatial tribution of biomass of fish across 28 mangrove-lined estuar- prioritisation . Restoration . Offset ies in tropical Australia. We evaluated the extent to which nekton biomass in tropical estuaries responded to spatial and temporal factors and to trophic identity. Biomass was domi- Introduction nated by two trophic groups, planktivores and macrobenthos feeders. Contributions by other trophic groups, such as Although their high productivity and nursery-ground values detritivores and microbenthos feeders, were more variable. make estuaries and their associated wetlands among the most Total biomass and the biomass of all major trophic groups valuable ecosystems on the planet (Choi and Wang 2004; were concentrated in downstream reaches of estuaries. -
A Review of Planktivorous Fishes: Their Evolution, Feeding Behaviours, Selectivities, and Impacts
Hydrobiologia 146: 97-167 (1987) 97 0 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht - Printed in the Netherlands A review of planktivorous fishes: Their evolution, feeding behaviours, selectivities, and impacts I Xavier Lazzaro ORSTOM (Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement eri Coopération), 213, rue Lu Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex IO, France Present address: Laboratorio de Limrzologia, Centro de Recursos Hidricob e Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Hidraulica e Sarzeamento, Universidade de São Paulo, AV,DI: Carlos Botelho, 1465, São Carlos, Sï? 13560, Brazil t’ Mail address: CI? 337, São Carlos, SI? 13560, Brazil Keywords: planktivorous fish, feeding behaviours, feeding selectivities, electivity indices, fish-plankton interactions, predator-prey models Mots clés: poissons planctophages, comportements alimentaires, sélectivités alimentaires, indices d’électivité, interactions poissons-pltpcton, modèles prédateurs-proies I Résumé La vision classique des limnologistes fut de considérer les interactions cntre les composants des écosystè- mes lacustres comme un flux d’influence unidirectionnel des sels nutritifs vers le phytoplancton, le zoo- plancton, et finalement les poissons, par l’intermédiaire de processus de contrôle successivement physiqucs, chimiques, puis biologiques (StraSkraba, 1967). L‘effet exercé par les poissons plaiictophages sur les commu- nautés zoo- et phytoplanctoniques ne fut reconnu qu’à partir des travaux de HrbáEek et al. (1961), HrbAEek (1962), Brooks & Dodson (1965), et StraSkraba (1965). Ces auteurs montrèrent (1) que dans les étangs et lacs en présence de poissons planctophages prédateurs visuels. les conimuiiautés‘zooplanctoniques étaient com- posées d’espèces de plus petites tailles que celles présentes dans les milieux dépourvus de planctophages et, (2) que les communautés zooplanctoniques résultantes, composées d’espèces de petites tailles, influençaient les communautés phytoplanctoniques. -
Cascading Effects of Predator Richness
REVIEWS REVIEWS REVIEWS Cascading effects of predator richness John F Bruno1* and Bradley J Cardinale2 Biologists have long known that predators play a key role in structuring ecological communities, but recent research suggests that predator richness – the number of genotypes, species, and functional groups that com- prise predator assemblages – can also have cascading effects on communities and ecosystem properties. Changes in predator richness, including the decreases resulting from extinctions and the increases resulting from exotic invasions, can alter the composition, diversity, and population dynamics of lower trophic levels. However, the magnitude and direction of these effects are highly variable and depend on environmental con- text and natural history, and so are difficult to predict. This is because species at higher trophic levels exhibit many indirect, non-additive, and behavioral interactions. The next steps in predator biodiversity research will be to increase experimental realism and to incorporate current knowledge about the functional role of preda- tor richness into ecosystem management. Front Ecol Environ 2008; 6, doi:10.1890/070136 e know that predators play a vital role in maintain- the effects of changing biological richness at higher Wing the structure and stability of communities and trophic levels, and BEF research is rapidly expanding into that their removal can have a variety of cascading, indi- a more realistic, multi-trophic context (Duffy et al. 2007). rect effects (Terborgh et al. 2001; Duffy 2003; Figure 1). Here, we review the emerging field of predator biodi- But how important is predator richness? Are the numbers versity research, as well as the underlying mechanisms of predator genotypes, species, and functional groups eco- through which predator richness can affect lower trophic logically important properties of predator assemblages? levels and ecosystem properties. -
Identifying and Quantifying Environmental Thresholds for Ecological Shifts in a Large Semi- Regulated River
Journal of Freshwater Ecology ISSN: 0270-5060 (Print) 2156-6941 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjfe20 Identifying and quantifying environmental thresholds for ecological shifts in a large semi- regulated river Shawn M. Giblin To cite this article: Shawn M. Giblin (2017) Identifying and quantifying environmental thresholds for ecological shifts in a large semi-regulated river, Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 32:1, 433-453, DOI: 10.1080/02705060.2017.1319431 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2017.1319431 © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 19 May 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 5 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjfe20 Download by: [Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources] Date: 23 May 2017, At: 09:02 JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY, 2017 VOL. 32, NO. 1, 433–453 https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2017.1319431 Identifying and quantifying environmental thresholds for ecological shifts in a large semi-regulated river Shawn M. Giblin Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Ecological shifts, between a clear macrophyte-dominated state and a Received 23 January 2017 turbid state dominated by phytoplankton and high inorganic suspended Accepted 6 April 2017 solids, have been well described in shallow lake ecosystems. While few KEYWORDS documented examples exist in rivers, models predict regime shifts, Aquatic macrophytes; especially in regulated rivers with high water retention time. -
Determination of Trophic Relationships Within a High Arctic Marine Food Web Using 613C and 615~ Analysis *
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 23 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Determination of trophic relationships within a high Arctic marine food web using 613c and 615~ analysis * Keith A. ~obson'.2, Harold E. welch2 ' Department of Biology. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Canada S7N OWO Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6 ABSTRACT: We measured stable-carbon (13C/12~)and/or nitrogen (l5N/l4N)isotope ratios in 322 tissue samples (minus lipids) representing 43 species from primary producers through polar bears Ursus maritimus in the Barrow Strait-Lancaster Sound marine food web during July-August, 1988 to 1990. 613C ranged from -21.6 f 0.3%0for particulate organic matter (POM) to -15.0 f 0.7%0for the predatory amphipod Stegocephalus inflatus. 615~was least enriched for POM (5.4 +. O.8%0), most enriched for polar bears (21.1 f 0.6%0), and showed a step-wise enrichment with trophic level of +3.8%0.We used this enrichment value to construct a simple isotopic food-web model to establish trophic relationships within thls marine ecosystem. This model confirms a food web consisting primanly of 5 trophic levels. b13C showed no discernible pattern of enrichment after the first 2 trophic levels, an effect that could not be attributed to differential lipid concentrations in food-web components. Although Arctic cod Boreogadus saida is an important link between primary producers and higher trophic-level vertebrates during late summer, our isotopic model generally predicts closer links between lower trophic-level invertebrates and several species of seabirds and marine mammals than previously established. -
Controls and Structure of the Microbial Loop
Controls and Structure of the Microbial Loop A symposium organized by the Microbial Oceanography summer course sponsored by the Agouron Foundation Saturday, July 1, 2006 Asia Room, East-West Center, University of Hawaii Symposium Speakers: Peter J. leB Williams (University of Bangor, Wales) David L. Kirchman (University of Delaware) Daniel J. Repeta (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) Grieg Steward (University of Hawaii) The oceans constitute the largest ecosystems on the planet, comprising more than 70% of the surface area and nearly 99% of the livable space on Earth. Life in the oceans is dominated by microbes; these small, singled-celled organisms constitute the base of the marine food web and catalyze the transformation of energy and matter in the sea. The microbial loop describes the dynamics of microbial food webs, with bacteria consuming non-living organic matter and converting this energy and matter into living biomass. Consumption of bacteria by predation recycles organic matter back into the marine food web. The speakers of this symposium will explore the processes that control the structure and functioning of microbial food webs and address some of these fundamental questions: What aspects of microbial activity do we need to measure to constrain energy and material flow into and out of the microbial loop? Are we able to measure bacterioplankton dynamics (biomass, growth, production, respiration) well enough to edu/agouroninstitutecourse understand the contribution of the microbial loop to marine systems? What factors control the flow of material and energy into and out of the microbial loop? At what scales (space and time) do we need to measure processes controlling the growth and metabolism of microorganisms? How does our knowledge of microbial community structure and diversity influence our understanding of the function of the microbial loop? Program: 9:00 am Welcome and Introductory Remarks followed by: Peter J. -
Evidence for Ecosystem-Level Trophic Cascade Effects Involving Gulf Menhaden (Brevoortia Patronus) Triggered by the Deepwater Horizon Blowout
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Evidence for Ecosystem-Level Trophic Cascade Effects Involving Gulf Menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) Triggered by the Deepwater Horizon Blowout Jeffrey W. Short 1,*, Christine M. Voss 2, Maria L. Vozzo 2,3 , Vincent Guillory 4, Harold J. Geiger 5, James C. Haney 6 and Charles H. Peterson 2 1 JWS Consulting LLC, 19315 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801, USA 2 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA; [email protected] (C.M.V.); [email protected] (M.L.V.); [email protected] (C.H.P.) 3 Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia 4 Independent Researcher, 296 Levillage Drive, Larose, LA 70373, USA; [email protected] 5 St. Hubert Research Group, 222 Seward, Suite 205, Juneau, AK 99801, USA; [email protected] 6 Terra Mar Applied Sciences LLC, 123 W. Nye Lane, Suite 129, Carson City, NV 89706, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-907-209-3321 Abstract: Unprecedented recruitment of Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) followed the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout (DWH). The foregone consumption of Gulf menhaden, after their many predator species were killed by oiling, increased competition among menhaden for food, resulting in poor physiological conditions and low lipid content during 2011 and 2012. Menhaden sampled Citation: Short, J.W.; Voss, C.M.; for length and weight measurements, beginning in 2011, exhibited the poorest condition around Vozzo, M.L.; Guillory, V.; Geiger, H.J.; Barataria Bay, west of the Mississippi River, where recruitment of the 2010 year class was highest. -
Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings for 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California
UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93g734v0 Authors Pinkas, Leo Gates, Doyle E Frey, Herbert W Publication Date 1974 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 161 California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California By Leo Pinkas Marine Resources Region and By Doyle E. Gates and Herbert W. Frey > Marine Resources Region 1974 1 Figure 1. Geographical areas used to summarize California Fisheries statistics. 2 3 1. CALIFORNIA MARINE FISH LANDINGS FOR 1972 LEO PINKAS Marine Resources Region 1.1. INTRODUCTION The protection, propagation, and wise utilization of California's living marine resources (established as common property by statute, Section 1600, Fish and Game Code) is dependent upon the welding of biological, environment- al, economic, and sociological factors. Fundamental to each of these factors, as well as the entire management pro- cess, are harvest records. The California Department of Fish and Game began gathering commercial fisheries land- ing data in 1916. Commercial fish catches were first published in 1929 for the years 1926 and 1927. This report, the 32nd in the landing series, is for the calendar year 1972. It summarizes commercial fishing activities in marine as well as fresh waters and includes the catches of the sportfishing partyboat fleet. Preliminary landing data are published annually in the circular series which also enumerates certain fishery products produced from the catch. -
Why Pelagic Planktivores Should Be Unselective Feeders
J. theor. Biol. (1995) 173, 41-50 Why Pelagic Planktivores should be Unselective Feeders JARL GISKEt AND ANNE GRO VEA SALVANES University of Bergen, Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, Hoyteknologisenteret, N-5020 Bergen and tlnstitute of Marine Research, Boks 1870 Nordnes, N-5024 Bergen, Norway (Received on 29 January 1994, Accepted in revised form on 18 July 1994) Diet width theory is a branch of optimal foraging theory, used to predict which fractions of the potential food encountered should be pursued. For pelagic fish, it is generally assumed that light is the dominant stimulus for both prey encounter rate and mortality risk. In order to achieve encounter rates allowing selective feeding, the pelagic predator exposes itself to enhanced predation risk for a prolonged time. The gain in growth obtained by diet selection may seldom outweigh the fitness cost of increased mortality risk. More generally, pelagic feeders will have a higher reproductive rate by searching the depth where feeding will be encounter-limited, and hence be opportunistic feeders. Literature reports of pelagic diet selection either fail to distinguish between the catchability of the prey in a gear and the encounter rate with its predator or neglects the vertical structure in pelagic prey distribution that may give differences in diets for unselective predators operating at different depths. The principal differences between the pelagic habitat and habitats where diet selection will be expected will include one or both of the following: (i) the continuous and steep local (i.e. vertical) gradients in mortality risk and (ii) the lack of local shelter where a newly ingested meal may safely be digested. -
A New Modeling Approach to Define Marine Ecosystems Food-Web Status
A new modeling approach to define marine ecosystems food-web status with uncertainty assessment Aurélie Chaalali, Blanche Saint-Béat, Géraldine Lassalle, François Le Loc’h, Samuele Tecchio, Georges Safi, Claude Savenkoff, Jérémy Lobry, Nathalie Niquil To cite this version: Aurélie Chaalali, Blanche Saint-Béat, Géraldine Lassalle, François Le Loc’h, Samuele Tecchio, et al.. A new modeling approach to define marine ecosystems food-web status with uncertainty as- sessment. Progress in Oceanography, Elsevier, 2015, 135, pp.37-47. 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.03.012. hal-01158158 HAL Id: hal-01158158 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01158158 Submitted on 29 May 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A new modeling approach to define marine ecosystems food-web status with uncertainty assessment Aurélie Chaalali1*, Blanche Saint-Béat1, 2, Géraldine Lassalle3, François Le Loc’h4, Samuele Tecchio1, Georges Safi1, Claude Savenkoff5, Jérémy Lobry3, Nathalie Niquil1. 1Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), -
Reduction Fisheries: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2018
Reduction Fisheries: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2018 September 2018 Reduction Fisheries: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2018 Reduction Fisheries: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2018 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Report Authors: Pedro Veiga (coordination) | Senior Scientist, Science Unit, Systems Division | [email protected] Marina Mendes | FishSource Fisheries Analyst, Systems Division | [email protected] Blake Lee-Harwood | Programs Division Director | [email protected] Fisheries evaluations and revisions in FishSource: Marina Mendes (coordination), Mariana Bock, Christie Hendrich, Matthew Cieri, David Villegas, Patrícia Amorim, Alexia Morgan, Susana Segurado, Pedro Veiga Suggested improvement actions in FishSource: Megan Westmeyer (coordination), Christiane Schmidt, Dave Martin, Doug Beveridge, Enrique Alonso, Geoff Tingley, Pedro Ferreiro Scientific advice Pedro Sousa PHOTO CREDITS Bottom left: Image courtesy of surasakiStock at FreeDigitalPhotos.net © Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, September 2018 KEYWORDS BMSY; fisheries; FishSource; FMSY; forage; improvement; low trophic level; ecosystem-based fisheries management; reduction; stock status; supply chain; sustainability; target Sustainable Fisheries Partnership wishes to acknowledge the generous support of BioMar, Cargill/EWOS, and Skretting in the production of this report. DISCLAIMER This report was mainly prepared with information available from FishSource.org™, a program of Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP). -
Trophic Structure of Reef Fishes and Relationship of Corallivore Fishes with Hard Coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Trophic structure of reef fishes and relationship of corallivore fishes with hard coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta To cite this article: B Prabowo et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 278 012059 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 170.106.35.76 on 24/09/2021 at 21:15 The 3rd EIW IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278 (2019) 012059 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012059 Trophic structure of reef fishes and relationship of corallivore fishes with hard coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta B Prabowo1,2*, K Fahlevy1,2,3, N F D Putra1,2, M Rizqydiani1,2, B M K Rahman1,2, A Habibie1,2, B Subhan1,3 and H Madduppa1,3 1Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 2Marine Science and Technology Student Organization (HIMITEKA-IPB), Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 3Fisheries Diving Club, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Corallivore became one of the biotic components that relate with coral coverage. The objective of this study was to determine the trophic structure of reef fishes, as well as the relationship between corallivores and hard corals in the northern part of Kepulauan Seribu. Reef fish species and benthic coverage were assessed using underwater visual census (UVCs) and Line Intercept Transect (LIT). The results showed that there were 120 reef fish species belonging to 7 trophic groups and 19 families. Pomacentridae and Labridae are the most abundant fish families.