Finland in Space Science and Exploration

Ref. Ares(2014)72026 - 15/01/2014

Lähde Rymdstyrelse

Finland in space science and exploration

Pauli Stigell Tekes 18 February 2013

Finnish space science and research

Space Science and Exploration - Aalto university - Finnish Meteorological Institute - University of Helsinki - University of Oulu - University of Turku Land use, forest invetory, agriculture, weather, sea ice, snow cover, hydrology, geology, ozone. National, European and global networking Increase of ref. publications

1 About 50 space mission participations in 25 years

Mars Polar Lander, 3.1.1999 MetOp-A, 19.10.2006 Phobos-1, 7.7.1988 Stardust, 7.7.1999 TerraSAR-X, 15. 6.2007 Phobos-2, 21. 7.1988 XMM-Newton, 10.12.1999 Phoenix, 3. 8.2007 Freja, 6.10.1992 Cluster-II, 16.7.2000 ISS space station, 7.2.2008 (DEBIE) Astrid 1, 24.1.1995 HETE-II, 9. 10.2000 TWINS, 13. 3.008 Interball Tail Probe, 3. 8.1995 AMSAT P3D, 16.11.2000 Chandrayaan-1, 22. 10.2008 Interball Auroral Probe,30.8.96 Odin, 20. 2. 2001 GOCE, 17.3.2009 SOHO, 1. 12.1995 PROBA, 22. 10. 2001 Herschel, 14.5.2009 RXTE, 30. 12.1995 Envisat-1, 1. 11.2002 Planck, 14. 5.2009 NEAR, 17. 2.1996 Contour, 3.7.2002 ISS space station 15.7.2009 (MAXI) Polar, 24. 2.1996 Meteosat Second Generation SMOS, 2.11.2009 SAX, 30. 4.1996 29.8.02 Cryosat-2, 8. 4.010 Cluster, 4. 6.1996 INTEGRAL, 17.10.2002 TanDEM-X, 21. 6.2010 HETE, 4. 11.1996 Mars Express, 2. 6.2003 Galileo IOV-1 ja IOV-2, 21.10.2011 Mars-96, 16.11.1996 SMART-1, 28.9.2003 ISS space station (AMS) 16. 5.2011 Cassini, 15. 10.1997 Rosetta, 2.3.2004 Radioastron, 18. 7.2011 Huygens, 15.10.1997 EOS-Aura, 15.7.2004 Mars Science Laboratory 26.11.2011 STS-91, 2.6.1998 Messenger, 3.8.2004 Pleiades 1, 17.12.2011 Cryosat, 8.10.2005 Space science Exploration Venus Express, 9.11.2005 Copyright © Tekes

ERNE, particle instrument

§ Mass 10 kg, size 30x20x20 cm, cost 10 M€ § Developed Finnish space industry § Operational 1995-2012? § Part of European collaboration (ESP, DE, IRE)

2 Collaboration with Sweden, 1985-

Swedish Space Corporation was sold to German OHB GmbH. Saab Space is now RUAG Sweden, owned by the Swiss RUAG company.

Finland: Patria, Space Systems Finland, DA Design, Opteon, HARP Technologies (in all 140 engineers)

ESA space science - Finnish perspective

3 On and around Mars – planetary science

§ 7 July 1988 – First Finnish space hardware part of Swedish ASPERA-plasma spectrometer • Polar Lander 1999 • ESA Mars Express 2003 • Mars Phoenix 2008 • Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) - 2011 • FMI’s atmospheric probes (p, T, humidity) based on Vaisala’s sensors in all landers

Lähde: Wikipedia

Saturn, its Titan, and Earth’s Moon

Also with India through ESA

FLIGTH TO SATURN TOOK 7 YEARS

4 2001 – NASA landing on Eros-asteroid!

NASA - Oxford International (Metorex) delivered the X-ray spectrometer (commercial)

INTEGRAL’s JEM-X

Danish-Finnish

Lähde: Oxford

Energy range 3 - 35 keV Detector area 2 x 500 cm2 Spectral resolution 1.2 keV @ 10 keV Field of view 4.8° fully coded Angular resolution 3 arcmin FWHM Timing accuracy (3• ) 122 µs Mass 65 kg Power (sun/eclipse) 50/0 W Data rate 7 kbit/s

§ IMPEX Integrated Medium for Planetary FP7 – success! Exploration http://impex-fp7.oeaw.ac.at/ § SEPSERVER Data Services and Analysis Tools for § BIOSMHARS BIOcontamination Specific Solar Energetic Particle Events and Related Modeling in HAbitats Related to Space Electromagnetic Emissions http://www.sepserver.eu http://www.biosmhars.eu § SOTERIA Solar-terrestrial investigations and § EHEROES Environment for Human Exploration archives http://soteria-space.eu/ and RObotic Experimentation in Space http://www.eheroes.eu § ECLAT European Cluster Assimilation Technology http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/physics/research/r § FOSTERNAV Flash Optical Sensor for Terrain spp/missions/eclat/eclat-european-cluster- Relative Robotic Navigation http://fosternav.net/ assimilation-technology/ § MERMIG Modular CMOS Photonic Integrated § SPACECAST Protecting space assets from high Micro-Gyroscope energy particles by developing European dynamic modelling and forecasting capabilities http://fp7- § ESAIL Electric sail propulsion technology, spacecast.eu/ http://www.electric-sailing.fi/fp7/ § : E-SQUID Development of SQUID-based § RITD Re-entry: inflatable technology multiplexers for large Infrared-to-X-ray imaging development in Russian collaboration detector arrays in astronomical research from http://metnet.fmi.fi/index.php?id=ritd space http://fusion.gfl.helsinki.fi/esquid

§ STORM Solar system plasma Turbulence: § SKYFLASH Development of Rad Hard non volatile Observations, inteRmittency and Multifractals Flash memories for space applications http://www.skyflash.eu/ § PLASMON A new, ground based data- assimilative modeling of the Earth's plasmasphere - a critical contribution to Plus GMES projects Radiation Belt modeling for Space Weather purpose http://plasmon.elte.hu/home.htm Copyright © Tekes

6 New developments

§ Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and Russians have designed a new type of Mars lander for e.g. networks for atmospheric measurements (FP7)

§ Electric sail is being developed by FMI in FP7

BepiColombo’s nationally funded instrument (15 M€) +Aalto university’s Cubesat (millions euro including payload and launch) +some ESA technology projects +many FP7 technology projects =Finnish spaceflight technology development

7 RIA Novosti, Feb 2013

According to Janne J. Korhonen, a researcher at Aalto University in Finland, aliens will not attack humans first for fear of retribution.