Odin – a new Third Party Mission

Martin Krynitz, Swedish Space Corporation 19 June 2007, ESRIN GSCB Workshop

Designing, launching and operating space systems A brief Odin History

• 1989 – Astronomers propose to look for H2O and O2 in star formation regions with submm receivers.

• 1990 – Aeronomy added, planned to use the radiometer for stratospheric studies.

• Negotiations between Sweden, Finland, France and Canada

• 2000 – Satellite built by SSC

• 2001 – Launch from Russia

• 2001 – First scientific observations

• 2003 – Expected End of Life

• 2007 – Odin added as ESA third party mission.

Designing, launching and operating space systems What is Odin?

• A small and very compact spacecraft – 240 kg. • A low cost project – 50 M€ including payload and launch. • An international collaboration (France, Finland, Canada, Sweden). • An astronomy mission to learn about our solar system and star formation. • An aeronomy mission to study the ozone related chemistry in the stratosphere and the distribution of water up into the mesosphere. • A dual purpose mission with high pointing accuracy • Since 2007 a Third Party Mission with ESA

Designing, launching and operating space systems The Odin spacecraft

Designing, launching and operating space systems OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infra Red Imaging System) • Aeronomy instrument: • Aerosols • Molecules not covered by submm receivers • Spectrometer – 280-800 nm – 1 nm resolution • IR Imager – 3 channnels – 2 @ 1.27 μm – 1 @ 1.53 μm – 10 nm bandwidth

Designing, launching and operating space systems The Odin mm/submm radiometer

Designing, launching and operating space systems Odin atmospheric mission

Designing, launching and operating space systems Odin astronomy

No O2 – less than 1/1000 of expected Water isotope ratio in comets Comets around other stars? Water on Mars Infall of water “the holy grail of star formation” Primordial molecules - LiH

Designing, launching and operating space systems Odin Achievements

• Aeronomy (Atmosphere)

– Chlorine Chemistry Æ O3 depletion

– Recovery of O3 layer is followed over several years (Montreal protocol)

–H2O↑ as key green house gas in atmosphere • Astronomy

– Measurement of H2O↑ + O2 (shows same distribution of isotopes)

– Mars atmosphere 1/1000 of H2O↑ content • >100 audited publications, 20 PhD, Herschel

Designing, launching and operating space systems Odin operations • SSC operates the spacecraft: – The Kiruna Esrange ground station (10 passes/day) – The Odin Control Centre (OCC) at Esrange – The Odin Mission Control Centre (MCC) in Solna • Operations are carried out on 24h basis, partly automatic and manned during office hours only, including the satellite command and control

Designing, launching and operating space systems OCC at Esrange

• Monitoring of satellite status, data reception, data distribution to the archive • uploading of commands • frequent orbit determination and attitude reconstruction • Level 0 science data are distributed to, and further processed by, the respective instrument processing centre

Designing, launching and operating space systems Data acquisition

• 10 passes per day received on weekdays • Extension to weekends is offered • Manned during work hours but automated at nights/ weekend • Daily upload of star catalogue needed

Designing, launching and operating space systems MCC (Solna)

• MCC is the interface to the scientists and responsible for the scientific observation programme implementation • long term planning and system performance evaluation is performed, and possible adjustments decided • Quick-looks on parameters potentially influencing science data are made

Designing, launching and operating space systems Archive and Data Access

• Data from Esrange via fibre (ftp) to POP in Stockholm • All Odin data and data products are stored at the Centre for Parallel Computers, PDC, at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. • Data products are available at the instrument processing centres for all ESA category-1 users requesting the data • Primary OSIRIS data access service will be provided by Chalmers • Copy of key data sets to ESA archive

Designing, launching and operating space systems Data Processing Centres

• Level 0 science data which are distributed to, and further processed by, the respective instrument processing centre: – Radiometer: Processing of Level 0 data to calibrated spectra (Level 1) Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden Æ CNES level 2 – OSIRIS: University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Æ FMI level 2 • Funded by respective Agency

Designing, launching and operating space systems Data Policy

• Before: Only available to the participants of the Mission • Since this is a TPM (5/2007): all existing validated L 2 data products, and the associated L1 data, is made available to the cat-1 users • All aeronomy data are stored at PDC and will be made available to ESA on request and before any deletion • Data access for ESA Cat-1 users performed under ESA responsibility

Designing, launching and operating space systems Information Policy

• The centres will support ESA with mission descriptions for its web pages • ESA is being updated about ongoing and planned Odin science events, and specific events with relevance to Odin datasets

Designing, launching and operating space systems User support

• Chalmers, and University of Saskatchewan, will support the ESA Order Desk • Chalmers will keep ESA updated about ongoing and planned Odin science events • SSC will grant via ESA a copy of the whole Odin aeronomy dataset • Data are today available from the archives using internet access

Designing, launching and operating space systems Interoperability

• Example of retrofit • User can access all data by contacting ESA (copy of key data with ESA) • New users interface via ESA • Best to have an integrated interface from start, but later integration possible • Typical example for external missions

Designing, launching and operating space systems Conclusions • Odin is an example of successful satellite mission that has exceeded its designed life 2 years • Though excellent scientific results are being produced SNSB is unable to continue full funding • Thanks to ESA Odin can continue to operate as a TPM • The climate change relevant aeronomy data is now as a result available to a much wider community • Odin is also an example for lean operations while using the satellite with high intensity

Designing, launching and operating space systems Designing, operating and launching space systems