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ly A952 Peterhead au e R Nairn B RoadsR to Loch R Farrar Inverness/ Carron Loch Monar Inbhir Nis A96 A90 A9 Loch A82 Mullardoch R Glass Kyle of Lochalsh/ Caol Loch Aillse South Uist A95 Machair Cuillin Hills Kintail Glen Affric River Don A90 A887 Loch Ness Spey A87 Loch Cluanie R Moriston A96

A9 River CAIRNGORMS A87 Aberdeen A82 Knoydart Newtonmore Loch R Garry Quoich A93 A93 A86 River Dee

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Ayr A70 14 Jedburgh ‘Road Investment 14 R Teviot Campbeltown tackle the huge backlog of potholes, rather than Hawick Alnwick

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M6 A19 Clitheroe A6068 A650 A1(M) A165 Cleveleys A56 A1035

R Derwent A59 44 A A58 A1079 585 13 Keighley Ribble 12 R Ouse The Department for Transport is also carrying out six major R Leeds A6443 48 3 32 47 Blackpool 4 M55 1 11 Preston 10 46 Selby A63 Kingston 31a 8 9 Burnley Bradford 2 A614 A164 A583 M65 A646 1 5 45 38 31 7 4344 R Aire 42 upon Hull A677 6 M62 A63 27 29 A63 ‘Feasibility Studies’ looking at these cross-country routes: 30 26 28 37 5 Blackburn 42 30 A59 92 3 4 41 1a29 A666 A56 Dewsbury 31 32 36 6033 A 25 33 34 28 Halifax M62 35 40 40 8 24 Goole A15 Southport 23 Pontefract A303 to the west of M6 39 A6 A160 A570 Rochdale M62 A642 Wakefield 1 22 A1 Immingham M61 38 6 Bury M66 A19 Scunthorpe 21 38 A180 A565 Skelmers- 5 1 5 Grimsby 27 A49 Bolton 2 20 A628 A58 38 dale 6 19 Barnsley Bentley M180 2 A1 north of Newcastle 3 Cleethorpes 5 A59 4 18 37 4 3 4 17 19 37 4 A18 M58 5 3 2 M60 Oldham Maghull 26 116 A629 M1 A635 1 Wigan 14 28 St 25 36 7 A6 36 A46 Bootle 24 12 3 Helens A616 A16 23 A 2 6 A580 11 35a A1 west of Newcastle 23 Ashton-under-Lyne A15 5 6 A630 A159 9 24 1 3 1 35 A1(M) Lincolnshire Liverpool A57 8 0 M18 M57 3 22 7 2 R Trent 2 11 Wallasey 10 6 25 34 1 A631 Wolds 1 5 27 5 M62 M60 1 M67 34 2 6 7 Warrington Rotherham A631 A47 across Norfolk Anglesey 2a 21 3 3 Stockport Sheffield 33 32 3 5 Gainsborough Llandudno Birkenhead A41 20 8 7 6 31 A57 A156 Holyhead Widnes 9 4 10 M56 11 A623 Worksop Conwy M53 19 A46 5 Runcorn 12 A27 on the south coast M56 A533 A A16 9 556 A61 30 A614 Macclesfield A158 A55 A55 14 A537 A619 A60 A1 Afon 10 Northwich Buxton A1028 A55 11/15 M6 Chesterfield 29a A57 Bangor A470 A54 A34 A619 Across the Pennines from Manchester to Sheffield Queensferry 12 Lincoln Conwy A54 A536 18 A61 29 Clwydian A515 R A158 Chester A6 Witham A5 Range A55 M1 A15 Skegness A41 17 Mansfield A46

A34 Congleton Mold A53 Caernarfon Matlock Newark- Ruthin A530 A38 A51 A617 A16 A483 28 A494 A49 Crewe Leek on-Trent A534 A523 A60 A17

A 16 DERBYSHIRE 27 A614 6 A52 Betws- Nantwich Stoke-on NOTTINGHAM-0 A487 A500 9 LINCOLNSHIRE The Highways Agency’s budget for new roads will A5 Wrexham 7 y-Coed Newcastle- -Trent A52 A610 SHIRE A46 Sleaford under-Lyme A1 A1121 Llyn Ashbourne A6 A38 26 Cromer Celyn A51 15 A17 Boston Porthmadog A5 A52 Nottingham more than double between 2015 and 2020: A50 A52 Llangollen Whitchurch A52 A53 A5 STAFFORDSHIRE A52 Norfolk Coast R Dee Derby A52 25 M6 A16 A148 SNOWDONIA Y Bala Stone A515 A46 Grantham Lleyn A51 Uttoxeter A50 Llyn A41 A50 24a A470 A34 A453 A607 R A606 Tegid Oswestry Burton 24 A15 A148 R Bure 14 Trent A518 A17 A140 £3.8bn A49 23a A494 A5 upon Trent A53 Stafford A151 NORFOLK Highways Agency A518 M1 Loughborough A42 A513 Rugeley A46 Melton Spalding A1101 King’s Lynn R THE Dolgellau Cannock 13 A38 23 Mowbray W BROADS A511 A6 en A470 A41 A47 su A483 Chase A47 A1065 A47 m A458 A51 National Forest A607 A1 7 A5 A16 8 A458 Cannock A606 Norwich A449 budget 4

A5 22 A 7 6 12 Wisbech Welshpool 5 4 11 A46 Stamford Yare R A47 11a T8 T7 Lichfield Great Shrewsbury Telford 3 T6 Leicester A470 11 M42 A15 Dyfi T5 Swaffham Yarmouth M54 2 1 T4 21a A47 A1 A442 10a Tamworth R Yare Afon A47 1 2 2 A470 Brownhills A47 10 21 A Peterborough R Nene Downham A146 A489 6 A47 A1139 March A134 A12 10 0 A444 d Market A11 Machynlleth WolverhamptonR 9 Walsall T3 Hinckley Wigston 0 n A458 3 la A6 l A10 7 T2 A143 8 e A43 17 A483 A454 A38 9 2 A49 M6 Nuneaton W R Severn T1 A458 1 Market R 16 Bridgnorth Dudley 1 6 5 4a 8 Lowestoft Severn 2 Harborough A427 A140 Newtown 7a M69 A5 A605 A141 Little Ouse R A470 A1(M) Beccles Stourbridge 7 4 M6 A487 Shropshire Hills 3 A6 A6116 15 A143 A442 20 3 6 Coventry Thetford A1066 Aberystwyth A44 A45 2 A142 Diss M6 M1 CAMBRIDGESHIRE A1065 R A452 y A449 BIRMINGHAM 1 e W 5 19 A14 n £1.9bn y Kidderminster Rugby 14 A141 A11 e e Llangurig Ely av 4 R W / A448 4 A142

A L A143 2 A4 1 3 18 A14 G 4a 3a Nene A46 A134 w A43 A45 t Ou 16 1 M45 s M42 17 A508 a e A11 y A45 A509 e A483 Huntingdon r A140 A456 Bromsgrove 77 Royal R R G R Alde A12 Rhayader A44 Wellingborough A10 A470 Leamington A14 WORCESTERSHIREA449 5 A435 Newmarket Spa A1 A49 Warwick A4 25 A14 R 15 14 A45 A14 Bury Redditch A6 14 Deben 13 M5 16 13 St Edmunds Llandrindod A44 A44 Leominster A423 Northampton A428 Worcester 6 15a £1.5bn Wells A44 A422 WARWICKSHIRE A428 Cambridge12 A46 12 15 A509 Bedford 11 A4112 7 NORTHAMPTON- A12 Builth A46 Stratford- M1 A11 A44 M40 SUFFOLK A14 A487 A508 upon-Avon SHIRE A134 Afon Teifi Wells £1.0bn A483 A438 10 Cardigan A4103 A5 Ipswich £649m R Wye A421 A505 9 Suffolk Coast A470 A438 Evesham 11 Malvern Hills A43 14 Sudbury and Heaths A429 A1 Hereford 8 Banbury A505 R Stour A14 A487 1 13 Dedham A12 PEMBROKESHIRE Llandovery A46 Milton 10 A44 A10 R Fishguard A479 Wye Valley 2 9 Keynes COAST A40 A49 B A40 A465 Vale Felixstowe Brecon M50 A421 9 M11 la A131 12 A6 ckw A449 a M5 Stow-on- 10 A4146 te Harwich 8 Bishop’s r 4 3 A5 M1 A4137 10 the-Wold A120 Llandeilo R Usk A4421 Luton Stevenage Stortford Ross-on-Wye A44 11 8a A40 A470 Cheltenham 7 A602 Carmarthen 11 BUCKING- A120 8 Colchester A40 A120 A 10a 133 A483 9 2020 St Clears A40 Afon Dunstable 10 A1(M) A12 2002 2012 2015 Haverfordwest Tywi 11a HAMSHIRE A418 R BRECON BEACONS A41 A48 Abergavenny Gloucester The A34 Lea 6 Hertford A40 9 A131 R Taff Merthyr A417 Cotswolds Aylesbury A40 HERTFORDSHIRE5 Clacton-on-Sea A465 Monmouth 12 A413 Hemel A130 Milford Tydfil Oxford St Albans 4 A414 Harlow A4076 A477 A40 Hempstead A10 Haven A429 A 8 3 Pembroke 49 13 8a 7 GLOUCESTERSHIRE A40 A41 7 2 Hatfield Chelmsford Dock A465 Stroud 4010 48 M4 Cirencester 8 21 A414 Llanelli 7 21a 22 A48 Thames 20 6 M25 M40 23 24 25 27 ESSEX 47 46 45 A4042 R Amersham 1 26 A130 Tenby Isis High 19 5 6 44 or OXFORDSHIRE 6 A1 A12 43 Neath A449 5 18 Billericay 42 Cwmbran Wycombe M1 5 Brentwood 17 4 Barnet 14 28 Rayleigh Swansea 2 A433 Watford A406 25a A419 4 A355 A483 41 M48 3 M25 2 4 A127 Gower 40 26 25 24 A403 M5 2 Harrow 1 A429 A420 The Chilterns Port 23a 23 Finchley Ilford 29 Southend-on-Sea 39 27 1 38 A470 21 Beaconsfield A12 Talbot 28 22 161a 1 Dagenham Basildon 29 M4 30 15 A40 36 Newport 16 20 16 A34 A10 M25 29a Swindon Maidenhead Slough LONDON 32 M49 17 37 35 15 9b A13 M4 A346 30 34 33 A48 19 17 7 M4 A4232 A48(M) Avonmouth 18a 8 6 15 4 2 18 1 M4 18 9 5 4b 3 1 31 M4 4a Dartford Sheerness 19 2 M32 Tilbury CARDIFF 3 Reading A205 14 13 A329 13 ChippenhamA46 M4 Richmond 2 A2 Herne 12 A23 Rochester Margate 20 10 A316 A20 Bristol A4 1 Gravesend Bay Penarth 11 Bracknell Orpington 1 12 3 2 A4 2Staines A24 A249 A299 Broadstairs A232 A228 A37 Marlborough A346 A322 Sutton M25 Whitstable A38 Newbury M3 11 M20 Chatham 3 Esher Croydon 4 3 4 A28 Ramsgate 21 Bath 5 Stour A368 A36 R Avon A350 Weston-super-Mare 2 4 M2 6 7 North Wessex 4 Woking 10 2a 3 6 A339 9 M26 5 7 Great Trowbridge 4a A3 5 Downs A34 7 A25 Maidstone 8 Canterbury R Avon A33 Farnborough M25 7 A37 Basingstoke 5 8 8 6 6 Aldershot SURREY Sevenoaks A2 A256 Mendip Dorking M20 22 A28 Kent Frome A338 Andover A21 7 A229 Hills A22 Downs A361 Warminster Farnham Guildford A24 Reigate North M5 A303 8 Tonbridge 9 A36 HAMPSHIRE A31 M23 Ashford A260 9a Devon EXMOOR 23 Glastonbury A350 M3 9 Royal 10 A361 Shepton Mallet Surrey Hills 10 Tunbridge KENT 11a Dover Bridgwater A39 R Test Crawley 11 12 13 A338 Wells A37 10a East Barnstaple Quantock 24 11 Folkestone A3 High A2070 Hills A303 GrinsteadR Medway 9 A26 Weald SOMERSET Salisbury A31 Horsham A259 10 A21 A39 11 R Arun R A361 A303 A338 Taunton 25 Cranborne Chase & Winchester Bideford A36 A272 A 272 Uckfield 12 Rother A3 R Exe A354 Eastleigh Petersfield 26 A303 13 58 West Wiltshire Downs M271 14 WEST SUSSEX A39 n A24 A23 A350 o 4 2 3 5 v M27 EASTA22 SUSSEX R A 1 A386 Southampton SOUTH DOWNS T 27 Yeovil 1 7 A259 A377 R aw Blackdown NEW 2 A26 R Stour Horndean M5 A303 A354 8 M27 A283 Hills FOREST A3(M) Lewes 9 Fareham 3 Havant R Torridge A37 10 4 28 A31 11 A27 DORSET A27 A27 A22 Hastings Bude 5 Worthing A27 Blandford A350 12 Ringwood A30 Forum M275 Chichester Brighton Honiton Gosport Littlehampton A35 A31 A388 Newhaven R Okehampton A354 Bognor Eastbourne Cornwall A39 T Dorset a A30 A35 Portsmouth DEVON 29 Poole Regis m A35 Ryde A30 o a R Fr m A35 r 30 e Christchurch A376 Launceston Exeter 31 Dorchester A395 Bournemouth Newport

A39 A386 East Devon A354 Tamar A30 A38 Exmouth Bodmin Moor DARTMOOR R Allen A380 Weymouth A388 Tavistock Wadebridge R Camel R Dart A38 A39 Bodmin Torquay Newquay Liskeard A386 A392 A30 Plymouth A385 Paignton A391 A38

A30 A39 St Truro A390 Austell Broken traffic Redruth Government forecasts vs actual road traffic R Fal A30 A39 Cornwall Cornwall ACTUAL TRAFFIC GB South Devon ACTUAL TRAFFIC ENGLAND Helston Falmouth Penzance A394 1989 GB FORECAST (HIGH) 1989 GB FORECAST (LOW) Cornwall forecasts ISLES 1997 GB FORECAST (HIGH) OF 1997 GB FORECAST (LOW) SCILLY 2008 ENGLAND FORECAST Current road policies depend heavily on predictions of future traffic 2009 ENGLAND FORECAST 2011 ENGLAND FORECAST

growth, but there is strong evidence that the Department for Transport’s 2003 = 100 traffic forecasts have overestimated demand since the 1980s, particularly for long-term predictions.The 1989 forecasts predicted growth from 1996 to 2012 of 37%. What actually materialised was just 13%

UK statistics for 2013 show that total car traffic is now the same as in 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025 2035

Chart first published in 'Due Diligence, Traffic Forecasts, and the Pension Infrastructure Programme' by Phil Goodwin, Local Transport Today, 13.4.2012 2003 and the annual distance driven per person was 13% higher in 1995 Source data calculated by Mitchell, Stokes, Goodwin, IAM Motoring Facts, from DfT original sources. than in 2013.