DOCSLIB.ORG

Florida Transit Fast Facts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Florida Transit Fast Facts Florida Department of Transportation www.dot.state.fl.us | (850) 414-4500 Motorbus Florida Totals: Includes express bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), 2017 Urban Fixed-Route Transit circulator, charter, and feeder bus. BRT operations include LYNX Lymmo, the South Miami-Dade Florida General Information 2016 Busway (Metrobus), and HART MetroRapid. Service Area Population 16,392,750 Transit Population Density (pop./sq. mi.) 1,188.1 Light Rail fast facts Operating Expense $1,232,858,715 Is represented by the TECO Line Streetcar System Operating Revenue $311,538,926 in Tampa, and there are two automated guideways in the state, the Miami Metromover and Jacksonville Service Supplied & Consumed Total Annual Revenue Miles 148,297,591 Skyway. The Miami Metrorail is Florida’s heavy rail Total Annual Revenue Hours 10,281,321 transit system. Route Miles 15,521.2 Commuter Rail Annual Passenger Trips 250,683,439 rail service). Overall, 16.6 million people, or 84 The South Florida RTA provides regional commuter percent of the state’s population, live within total Quality of Service rail service (Tri-Rail) between Palm Beach, Broward, urban transit service areas, which includes access Resident Access to Transit 56.61% and Miami-Dade Counties, and SunRail began to demand-response (e.g., Dial-a-Ride) services. Weekday Span of Service (hours) 16.8 commuter rail service between Volusia, Seminole, • In coming years, Florida’s transit markets will Orange, and Osceola Counties in 2015. continue to comprise transit dependent popula- Cost Efficiency Paratransit tions. However, there is strong evidence that Baby Operating Expense per Revenue Mile $8.31 Boomers and Millennials, in particular, have the Operating Expense per Revenue Hour $119.91 Numerous paratransit services in Florida provide Passenger Trips per Employee FTE 26,007 potential to comprise larger proportions of transit travel options to those who are transportation riders in the state (FDOT/CUTR 2013). disadvantaged. Paratransit operates in both urban Cost Effectiveness and rural areas and, in some cases, is the primary • According to a 2011 study commissioned by the Operating Expense per Passenger Trip $4.92 transit service in rural counties. Paratransit allows for FDOT, every $1.00 of federal money invested in Farebox Recovery Ratio 21.65% fixed-route deviation and demand-response (Dial-a- fixed-route transit services in Florida increases Average Fare $1.06 Ride) transit. economic activity by $2.30. Service Effectiveness For more information about public transit in Florida, • Florida paratransit programs save up to $146 million annually by being able to offer clients discounted Passenger Trips per Revenue Mile 1.69 including links to recent publications and upcoming Passenger Trips per Revenue Hour 24.38 fixed-route transit passes in lieu of more expensive training and events, please see FDOT’s Public Transit Passenger Trips per Capita 15.29 website at www.fdot.gov/transit. paratransit services (FDOT/CUTR 2011). • Fixed-route transit in Florida is estimated to save *2016 National Transit Database. Includes urban fixed-route Florida’s Transit Facts 42.9 million gallons of petroleum oil per year from agencies’ vanpool data and two separate vanpool providers. • Approximately 11.1 million residents, or 57 percent the effects of congestion relief, displaced vehicle of Florida’s population, live within one half-mile miles traveled (VMT), and land use (FDOT/CUTR of an urban fixed transit route (motorbus or 2011). Florida’s Transit Systems Escambia Skyway Rail Systems in Florida Okaloosa Tallahassee Express In 2016, there were Skyway Express 31 urban fixed-route Bay Jacksonville Jacksonville Transportation Authority systems operating in Florida that reported SunRail to the National Transit Clay St. Florida Commuter Rail Authority Database (NTD). Johns Florida Dept. of Transportation Gainesville TECO Line Streetcar During 2016, Florida’s Florida Urban Hillsborough Area Regional transit agencies ranged in Fixed-Route Systems Transit Authority Ocala size from the six-vehicle Volusia Tri-Rail system in Ocala (SunTran) Bay Bay Town Trolley The South Florida Regional to the 1,077-vehicle system Brevard Space Coast Area Transit Citrus Lake SunRail Transportation Authority operating in Miami-Dade Broward Broward County Transit Metrorail & Metromover County. The systems Citrus Citrus County Transit Hernando Miami-Dade Transit included in this edition of Clay Clay Transit Pasco Brevard operates a heavy rail the Handbook represent LYNX Collier Collier Area Transit Polk system only those that reported Escambia Escambia County Area Transit Hillsborough to the National Transit Gainesville Gainesville Regional Transit System Database in 2016. More Pinellas TECO Line Hernando The Bus Streetcar Indian information on public transit River in Florida can be found at Hillsborough Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Manatee the following website: www. Indian River GoLine Transit St. Lucie dot.state.fl.us/transit. Jacksonville Jacksonville Transportation Authority Lake Lake Cty Public Transportation/Lake Xpress Sarasota Martin Charlotte County Transit Lee Lee County Transit Division and the Tampa Manatee Manatee County Area Transit Bay Area Regional Martin Martin County Lee Palm Beach Transportation Authority Miami Miami-Dade Transit What’s New (TBARTA) are required to Ocala/Marion SunTran Tri-Rail This Year? report vanpool information Okaloosa Okaloosa Emerald Coast Rider Collier to NTD; however, neither Broward Orlando LYNX agency operates a fixed- “The Wave Streetcar Palm Beach Palm Beach Cty Transportation Agency is coming to the City route system. Please Miami- Pasco Pasco County Public Transportation of Fort Lauderdale! note that Charlotte’s Dade and TBARTA’s vanpool Pinellas Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority greater than 200 The Wave will be Metrorail & powered by overhead numbers are included Polk Lakeland Area Mass Transit District peak vehicles Metromover in the Florida totals on Sarasota Sarasota County Area Transit electric lines along its 50-200 peak vehicles page 5, where applicable. St. Johns Sunshine Bus Company 2.8-mile route and St. Lucie St. Lucie Council on Aging, Inc. 10-49 peak vehicles will serve downtown For NTD report year 2016, SunRail Florida Department of Transportation 1-9 peak vehicles Fort Lauderdale. For there were two new urban more information see Tallahassee StarMetro Rail Systems reporting agencies: Citrus Tri-Rail S. FL Regional Transportation Authority wavestreetcar.com” County Transit and Clay Volusia Votran Transit..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transit Project Delivery CBT Transcript
    NEPA Introduction Course: Transit Project Delivery Welcome to the National Environmental Policy Act also known as NEPA Introduction Course on Transit Project Delivery provided by the Florida Department of Transportation’s or FDOT’s Office of Environmental Management, as covered in Part 1, Chapter 14 of the Project Development and Environment (or PD&E) Manual. This course provides an overview of the transit project delivery process, agency roles in the environmental review process, an overview of FDOT’s five-step process, which includes planning and community support, concept development and alternatives screening, PD&E study phases, and the Federal Transit Administration’s, or FTA’s, funding programs. Lesson 1 provides an overview of transit projects and NEPA, including definitions used for transit projects, an introduction to the FTA, and a comparison of how NEPA is conducted for FTA versus the Federal Highway Administration, or FHWA. If a federal action is required or federal funding is being used, the project must comply with NEPA and other applicable environmental laws and regulations, including those related to historic preservation and protection of public lands. FTA is typically the lead agency for transit projects, when FTA funding is being used to construct the project or purchase vehicles. Other agencies may be involved in the NEPA process, such as Federal Highway Administration, or FHWA, if the project involves an interstate facility or bridge, or the Federal Railroad Administration or FRA, if the project involves a freight or passenger railroad corridor, such as Amtrak. FTA has its own procedures for NEPA compliance, including requiring the NEPA or project development phase to be completed within two years for certain funding programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Commuting in the New Normal Continued
    2020 Florida Commuting in Commuter Transportation the New Normal Virtual Summit DAY 1 – SEPTEMBER 14, 2020 September 14-15, 2020 Welcome & Summit Overview 1:00 pm - 3:30 pm EDT Mike Wright, Commuter Assistance Program Manager, FDOT Mike has a Masters in Urban and Regional Planning from Florida Welcome to the 2020 State University and has been involved in commuter transportation Florida Commuter issues for 20+ years; before that, he worked with Metropolitan Planning Transportation Virtual Organizations at the local and state levels. Every hurricane season Summit. This year’s makes him more committed to retire to Ohio with his wife and four cats. Summit will provide insight into how KEYNOTE: COVID-19 – Making Sense of the Statistics commuter assistance Dr. Salemi has created a dashboard system to aggregate state-provided programs (CAPs) pandemic data; he will share his insights on how information is brought and transportation to people and the ongoing issues he sees concerning its misinterpretation. management organizations (TMOs) Jason L. Salemi, PhD MPH, University of South Florida Dr. Salemi is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the College of are rethinking their Public Health and is nationally recognized as an expert in birth defects roles in the era of surveillance methodology, evaluation, and research. In May 2020, COVID-19. As cities Dr. Salemi began building his own statewide, interactive dashboard to begin to reopen, it is track COVID-19 in the state of Florida. clear that employers are rethinking how their Video Presentations: employees get to work. St. Petersburg Downtown Partnership & New North Transportation Alliance New transportation trends are beginning What does social distancing mean for transit & vanpools? to emerge, and this year’s speakers will COVID-19 has shaken up public transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • FY 2027 HART Transit Development Plan
    Hillsborough Area Regional Transit (HART) Transit Development Plan 2018 - 2027 Major Update Final Report September 2017 Prepared for Prepared by HART | TDP i Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Objectives of the Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 State Requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 1-2 TDP Checklist ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Organization of the Report .................................................................................................................................. 1-4 Section 2: Baseline Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 Study Area Description ....................................................................................................................................... 2-1 Population Trends and Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 2-3 Journey-to-Work Characteristics .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transportation Element 08-08-08 – NON ADOPTED PORTION
    Future of Hillsborough Comprehensive Plan for Unincorporated Hillsborough County Florida TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT As Amended by the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners June 5, 2008 (Ordinance 08- 13) Department of Community Affairs Notice of Intent to Find Comprehensive Plan Amendments in Compliance published August 4, 2008 {DCA PA No. 08-1ER-NOI-2901- (A)-(l)} August 26, 2008 Effective Date This Page Intentionally Blank. 2 Hillsborough County Transportation Element Hillsborough County Transportation Element TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 7 II. INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS ............................................................ 15 III. FUTURE NEEDS AND ALTERNATIVES............................................ 81 IV. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES............................................121 V. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING ..................................161 VI. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................167 Sections IV, V, VI, Appendix C, D, G, I, and Appendix J Maps 2, 2B, 15, and 25 of the Transportation Element have been adopted by the Board of County Commissioners as required by Part II, Chapter 163, Florida Statutes. The remainder of the Transportation Element and appendices contains background information. Hillsborough County Transportation Element 3 TRANSPORTATION APPENDIX A-J Appendix A Inventory of State Roads in Hillsborough County Appendix B Inventory of County Roads
    [Show full text]
  • Pembroke Pines Miramar
    C.B. Smith Park MIRAMAR Park & Ride Hollywood Blvd. Pines Blvd. TOWN 95 Express Pembroke Pines e e e e CENTER Flamingo Rd. Hiatus Road Pembroke Lakes Mall Connect to Connect to Connect to Tri-Rail This service operates every 30 minutes on weekdays Amtrak Station BCT Routes: BCT Routes: BCT Routes: Red Road Florida Turnpike University Breeze, 441 Breeze, 5,7,16,23 Broward County only from 5:45 a.m. until 8:45 a.m. from C.B. Smith Park 2, 7 7, 18 University Miami - Dade County located at Pines Boulevard & Flamingo Road and from Drive 3:55 p.m. until 6:55 p.m. from NW 8th Street & NW 1st 441 Avenue (Overtown Metrorail Station), with stops only at Broward County 95 the locations listed on the map to the right. Miami - Dade County 95 Parking: Free parking is conveniently located at the Park & 95 Express Miramar AM ONLY SR 112 Ride lot at C.B. Smith Park. Entrance is on Pines Boulevard at Flamingo Road. This service operates every 30 minutes on weekdays only LEGEND 20 ST from 6 a.m. until 8:30 a.m. from the Miramar Town Center NW 10 AVE CONNECTING ROUTES LEGEND NW 12 AVE and from 3:40 p.m. until 6:15 p.m. from NW 8th Street & PM ONLY MAIN # RT CONNECTING NW 1st Avenue (Overtown Metrorail Station), with stops NW 16 ST ROUTES Miami VA Hospital, O e Jackson Memorial Hospital ROUTE MAIN # RT only at the locations listed on the map to the right. TIMEPOINTS O CIVIC CENTER ROUTE e METRORAIL 95 TIMEPOINTS Parking: Parking is conveniently located at the Miramar NW 14 ST I-95 Town Center parking garage, 2nd floor.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Services Department
    FY 2019 Budget Workshop Community Services Department May 8, 2018 Community Services Department Dottie Keedy, Director Community Services Department Outline • Overview of Department – Organizational Chart – Overview of Divisions • Accomplishments • Efficiencies • Benchmarks (Volusia, Seminole, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Marion) – Proposed Division Budget – Departmental Budget – Summary Community Services Department Overview • The Lake County Community Services Department serves as the link between government and the community and works with numerous partners to improve the quality of life of Lake County residents in need of assistance. • The Department includes the Transit, Housing and Community Development, Health and Human Services and Probation Divisions. Community Services Department Organizational Chart 42 FTEs Community Services Department Administration (5 FTEs) Health & Human Housing & Services Community Transit Division Probation Division Division Development Division ( 5 FTEs) (15 FTEs) (7 FTEs) (10 FTEs) Health & Human Services Division Allison Thall, Health & Human Services Division Manager Health & Human Services Overview • The Health and Human Services Division provides services to Lake County citizens in need of assistance and includes the following sections and programs: Children and Elder Services, the Community Health Worker Program, and Veterans Services. • The Division also manages the state mandated programs related to Medicaid, inmate medical, and public health. Health & Human Services Organizational Chart 7
    [Show full text]
  • Sunrail.Com Not to Scale
    WELCOME ABOARD! BROCHURE LYMMO is your ride to great places M around Downtown Orlando. Whether you’re heading to work, a meal, or one of the many attractions Downtown, LYMMO’s frequent service and bus-only lanes will get you there faster. LYNX is the public transit provider for LYMMO Orange, Lime and And when you’re riding LYMMO, you Orange, Osceola and Seminole counties. never have to worry about parking. Additional connectivity with Grapefruit Lines If you don’t see your destination here, Lake and Polk counties. CONTACT US and we can connect you DIRECT SERVICE TO: to the right LYMMO. CONTACT US for information on fares, bus stops, schedules and trip planning: Amway Center Heritage Square Ready to roll? Look inside for more info... Bob Carr Theater Lake Eola Park 407-841-5969 phone County Courthouse LYNX Central Station 407-423-0787 tdd County Health Dept Orlando City Stadium Dr Phillips Center Parramore Notice of Title VI Rights: LYNX operates its programs and services without regard to race, color, golynx.com web religion, gender, age, national origin, disability, or family status in accordance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. Any person who believes Effective: he or she has been aggrieved by any unlawful discriminatory practice APRIL 2017 related to Title VI may file a complaint in writing to LYNX Title VI Officer Desna Hunte, 455 N. Garland Avenue, Orlando, Florida 32801 or by calling THANK YOU FOR RIDING LYNX! 407-254-6117, email [email protected] or www.golynx.com. Information in other languages or accessible formats available upon request.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Transit Innovations (GTI) Data System
    TRANSIT SERVICE FREQUENCY APP: A Global Transit Innovations (GTI) Data System Final Report Yingling Fan Humphrey School of Public Affairs University of Minnesota CTS 18-24 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. 3. Recipients Accession No. CTS 18-24 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date TRANSIT SERVICE FREQUENCY APP: A Global Transit November 2018 Innovations (GTI) Data System 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Yingling Fan, Peter Wiringa, Andrew Guthrie, Jingyu Ru, Tian He, Len Kne, and Shannon Crabtree 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. Humphrey School of Public Affairs University of Minnesota 11. Contract (C) or Grant (G) No. 301 19th Avenue South 295E Humphrey School Minneapolis MN 55455 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Center for Transportation Studies Final Report University of Minnesota 14. Sponsoring Agency Code University Office Plaza, Suite 440 2221 University Ave SE Minneapolis, MN 55414 15. Supplementary Notes http://www.cts.umn.edu/Publications/ResearchReports/ 16. Abstract (Limit: 250 words) The Transit Service Frequency App hosts stop- and alignment-level service frequency data from 559 transit providers around the globe who have published route and schedule data in the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) format through the TransitFeeds website, a global GTFS clearinghouse. Stop- and alignment-level service frequency is defined as the total number of transit routes and transit trips passing through a specific alignment segment or a specific stop location. Alignments are generalized and stops nearby stops aggregated. The app makes data easily accessible through visualization and download tools.
    [Show full text]
  • Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight
    Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight Transit Authorities Fiscal Year 2019 Report A Report by the Florida Transportation Commission Commission Members Ronald Howse Jay Trumbull John Browning Chairman Vice Chairman Richard Burke Julius Davis David Genson Teresa Sarnoff www.ftc.state.fl.us 605 Suwannee Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0450, MS 9 (850) 414-4105 * Fax (850) 414-4234 Florida Transportation Commission iii Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight-Transit Authorities Page Fiscal Year 2019 Fiscal Year Report Annual 2019 Fiscal Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight This page intentionally left blank. Fiscal Year 2019 Annual Report Page iv Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight Fiscal Year 2019 Annual Report Page v Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight This page intentionally left blank. Fiscal Year 2019 Annual Report Page vi Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fiscal Year 2019 Annual Report Page 1 Transportation Authority Monitoring and Oversight • Granting, denial, suspension, or revocation of Executive Summary any license or permit issued by FDOT Background The Commission may, however, recommend standards and policies governing the procedure for selection and prequalification of consultants and The Florida Transportation Commission contractors. (Commission) was charged with an expanded oversight role as a result of provisions contained in The Commission, in concert with the designated House Bill (HB) 985 that was passed by the 2007 authorities, adopted performance measures and legislature. This legislation amended Section objectives, operating indicators, and governance 20.23, Florida Statutes, requiring the Commission criteria to assess the overall responsiveness of to monitor the transportation authorities each authority in meeting their responsibilities to established in Chapters 343 and 348, Florida their customers.
    [Show full text]
  • Route 55 All Week
    For more details on our fares please visit our web site at Broward.org/BCT/ Broward County Transit faresandpasses.htm or call customer service: 954-357-8400. ROUTE 55 Reading A Timetable - It’s Easy 1. The map shows the exact bus route. ALL WEEK 2. Major route intersections are called time points. Time points are shown with the symbol o. 3. The timetable lists major time points for bus route. SCHEDULE Listed under time points are scheduled departure times. Hiatus Road to galt mile 4. Reading from left to right, indicates the time for each bus trip. via Commercial Boulevard 5. The bus picks up and drops off riders at all BCT bus stop signs along the route where there is a Broward Effective 8/8/21 County bus stop sign. 6. Arrive at the bus stop five minutes early. Buses operate as close to published timetables as traffic conditions allow. Not paying your fare is a crime per Florida Statute 812.015. Violation constitutes a misdemeanor, punishable by jail time and/or a fine. Information: 954-357-8400 Hearing-speech impaired: Florida Relay Service- 711 or 1-800-955-8771 TTY- 954-357-8302 This publication can be made available in alternative formats upon request. New Schedules Monday – Saturday Regular Sunday Schedule • Face Covering Required • Maintain Social Distancing This symbol is used on bus stop signs to indicate accessible bus stops. Real Time Bus Information MyRide.Broward.org BROWARD COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS An equal opportunity employer and provider of services. 5,000 copies of this public document were promulgated at a gross cost of $260 Broward.org/BCT or $.052 per copy to inform the public about the Transit Division’s schedule and route information.
    [Show full text]
  • 95 Express Route 106 Weekdays
    Reading a Timetable - It’s Easy 1. The map shows the exact bus route. Broward County Transit 2. Major route intersections are called time points. Time points are shown with the symbol . 3. The timetable lists major time points for bus route. 95 EXPRESS Listed under time points are scheduled departure times. 4. Reading from left to right, indicates the time for ROUTE 106 each bus trip. MIRAMAR 5. Arrive at the bus stop five minutes early. Buses operate as close to published timetables as traffic WEEKDAY SCHEDULE conditions allow. Miramar Regional Park to Civic Center/ Health District and Culmer Metrorail Station Information: 954-357-8400 Effective 8/8/21 Hearing-speech impaired/TTY: 954-357-8302 This publication can be made available in alternative formats upon request by contacting 954-357-8400 or TTY 954-357-8302. This symbol is used on bus stop signs to indicate accessible bus stops. New Schedule Monday – Friday • Face Covering Required • Maintain Social Distancing Real Time Bus Information MyRide.Broward.org BROWARD COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS An equal opportunity employer and provider of services. 3,500 copies of this public document were promulgated at a gross cost of Broward.org/BCT $604, or $.173 per copy, to inform the public about the Transit Division’s schedule and route information. Printed 8/21 954-357-8400 SOUTHBOUND • Miramar Park & Ride NORTHBOUND • Culmer Metrorail to Culmer Metrorail Station Station to Miramar Park & Ride CULMER METRORAIL STATION 14 STREET & 12 AVENUE MIRAMAR PKWY & FLAMINGO RD MIRAMAR PARK &
    [Show full text]
  • Miami-Dade Transit Rail & Mover Rehabilitation Phase II
    Miami-Dade Transit Rail & Mover Rehabilitation Phase II – Metromover & Operational Review Final Report This research was conducted pursuant to an interlocal agreement between Miami-Dade Transit and the Center for Urban Transportation Research The report was prepared by: Janet L. Davis Stephen L. Reich Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida, College of Engineering 4202 E. Fowler Ave., CUT 100 Tampa, FL 33620-5375 April 10, 2002 Rail & Mover Rehabilitation Report Phase II – Metromover ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project team from the Center for Urban Transportation Research included Janet L. Davis and Stephen L. Reich. The team worked closely with a Mover Rehabilitation Task Force made up of Agency Rail Division personnel including Hannie Woodson (Chair), Danny Wilson, George Pardee, William Truss, Gregory Robinson, Bud Butcher, Colleen Julius, Sylvester Johnson, and Cathy Lewis. A special acknowledgment of the Rail Maintenance Control Division is made for their significant assistance in assembling much of the data required. Page 2 of 146 Rail & Mover Rehabilitation Report Phase II – Metromover EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Purpose The work was intended to assist Miami-Dade Transit (MDT) in documenting its rail rehabilitation needs and develop a plan to address those needs. The assessment included a review of the current condition of the Metrorail and Metromover systems, a comparison with other transit properties’ heavy rail and people mover systems, and a recommended plan of action to carry the Agency forward into the next five years. Special detail was devoted to the provisions of the labor agreements of the comparable transit properties as they related to contracting for outside services and the recruitment, selection and advancement of employees.
    [Show full text]