Research and Review
NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Ajay G. Pise1, Shilpa Pise2, D. Sreedhar1, Virendra Ligade1, Manthan Janodia1, N. Udupa1 1. Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India 2. Institute of Management Sciences and Research (IMSR), Nagpur, India E-mail of corresponding author: [email protected]
Introduction: a narcotic or hallucinogen that affects Today healthcare market is flooded the central nervous system, causing with the different new terminologies. Nutraceuticals, Cosmeceuticals, changes in behavior and often addiction Biopharmaceuticals, also considered as drug2. Every country Nanopharmaceuticals, Herbaceuticals, has defined the term drug in their Dermaceuticals and regulations for medicine, but essence of Nutricosmeceuticals are new all the concepts of drugs remains same. buzzwords in healthcare market. The term "Nutraceutical" was coined in Different scholars have defined 1989 by Stephen De Felice, founder Nutraceuticals, but essence of all and chairman of the Foundation for definition remains same i.e. “food as Innovation in Medicine8,9. He fused the medicine”. Here in this study we have term Nutrition and Pharmaceuticals to attempted to picture out the clear derive the new term “Nutraceutical”. In difference between Nutraceuticals and his view “Food or parts of food that Pharmaceuticals. provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment Conceptual Difference: of disease is called as Nutraceuticals”. According to Thesaurus dictionary, As per this definition whole food or a meaning of pharmaceuticals is “A part of food if taken for medical or substance used in the treatment of health benefits is considered as disease” the term pharmaceuticals nutraceuticals. This is the widely include its synonyms drug, accepted definition of nutraceuticals. medicament, medication, and The definition adopted by Health medicine2. Dictionary meaning of Canada says, nutraceutical is “A drugs says drug is a substance used in product isolated or purified from foods, the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention and generally sold in medicinal forms of a disease or as a component of a not usually associated with food and medication. Drug is a substance as demonstrated to have a physiological recognized or defined by the law of that benefit or provide protection against country. A chemical substance, such as chronic disease”8. As per this definition nutraceutical is a product isolated,
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derived or processed from natural diseases, age, and lifestyle. sources and sold in the medicinal form Nutraceutical products are mainly (powder, tablet, capsules, etc. as OTC promoted and targeted for prevention of products) and its benefits can be disease or avoid future consequences of explained scientifically in human being, diseases. For example, garlic tablets are such product referred as nutraceuticals. mainly promoted to avoid risk of heart For example, if crude garlic is related problems. Nutraceutical powdered or sold in the tablet form then products are targeted in different it categorized as nutraceutical product. segments in healthcare market; it If the lemon oil is extracted from lemon includes products for men‟s health, grass and consumed for health benefits, woman‟s health, energy products, it comes under the category of weight management products, and nutraceuticals. disease preventive products. These Many research scholars have different segments are viewed as new and highly opinion on the nutraceuticals, potential for nutraceutical products. functional foods, dietary supplements. Some group of scholars considers Regulatory status: nutraceuticals, functional foods, dietary Very few countries have accepted the supplements are different term “Nutraceuticals”. India terminologies, while others consider government has not yet adopted this these all terminologies are parts of terminology and product category Nutraceuticals. USFDA defines relevant to nutraceuticals, functional functional food as “When food is being food and dietary supplements are cooked or prepared using "scientific brought under “Prevention of Food intelligence" with or without Adulteration Act”. No separate knowledge of how or why it is being guidelines are available for used, the food is called functional nutraceuticals, functional food and food”5. Dietary supplement is a dietary supplements in India. United product (other than tobacco) that is States has mentioned the terminologies intended to supplement the diet that in Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act bears or contains one or more specified and given guidelines for it. Canada dietary ingredients. According to these government has adopted the term definitions, our daily lunch and dinner Nutraceuticals and framed its own items can be categorized as functional definition. Health Canada has given food. If we are supplementing our lunch guidelines for nutraceuticals under the or dinner with ghee or curd then it will Food and Drugs Act. considered as dietary supplements. In India several companies are in fray, Lupin, Wockhart, Morepan, Dabur, Market Segments: Parry Nutraceuticals and Himalaya are Pharmaceutical products are targeted in doing well in nutraceuticals market. different market segments which Annual growth of nutraceuticals market includes segments as per different (25%) is higher than the annual growth
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of pharmaceuticals. The global market As these terms are very new in potential for nutraceuticals is estimated healthcare market, enough data on $80 by 20086. research is not yet available. Nutraceutical companies can focus Nutraceuticals Vs. Pharmaceuticals: more on their research and development In healthcare, a substance used in the activities and develop more data to treatment of disease is called as drug support the claims of their products. and generally it would be from There are tremendous opportunities and synthetic source. Nutraceutical is a potential for nutraceutical products in substance used to prevent disorders and healthcare market, nutraceutical generally referred as health products. companies should explore these Nutraceuticals can be from plant, opportunities. animal and mineral source. License is needed from regulatory body for selling References: the pharmaceutical product (other than 1. “Global Regulatory information” OTC products). No license is needed to cited at sale the nutraceutical product. http://www.globalregulatory.com Pharmaceutical products can be /labclass/nutraceutical_consultants.cf purchased only by prescriptions (other m than OTC products). No prescription is 2. “Definition of Pharmaceuticals” required for purchasing nutraceutical cited at http://en.wikipedia.org/ products. Stringent guidelines have to wiki/Pharmaceuticals be followed for manufacturing the 3. Information on nutraceuticals cited pharmaceutical product. at http://www.aapspharmsci.org/ view.asp? Art=ps050325 Conclusion: 4. Editorial, “OvaRex(r) clinical trial It is observed that very few countries for primary analysis prompts steps have accepted the terminology of toward approval” cited at Nutraceuticals and designed regulatory http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/d guidelines. Absence of regulatory etnews.asp?articleid=1203§ioni guidelines for nutraceuticals may flood d=47 the healthcare market with spurious and 5. Presentation for FDA public hearing, inferior quality products. This is high June 8, 1999- Washington, DC by time for India government to accept and Gary L.Huber (American define these new terms of Nutraceuticals Association). Nutraceuticals, Functional foods and 6. Information cited at Dietary supplements. Government also http://www.bccresearch.com/food/G has to prepare proper regulatory A085R.html guidelines to control the healthcare 7. Information on nutraceuticals cited market and to restrict the entry of at http://www.teknoscienze.com/ spurious and inferior quality agro/pdf/nov_ dec03/bioceuticals.pdf nutraceutical products.
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8. “Nutraceuticals: dietary 10. “Nutraceuticals to gain ground supplements a legal dilemma” by V. globally” by Raja Prasanna D. Deshmukh IDMA 30th June 2005 published in „The Pharma Review‟ no. 24, pg 38-39 vol 4 no. 20 (Feb. 06) 9. “Nutraceuticals: dietary 11. “Nutraceuticals: Borderline supplements a legal dilemma” by V. Between Food and Drugs” by R. D. Deshmukh, IDMA 30th June K. Rishi Published in „The Pharma 2005 no. 24, pg 38-39 Review‟ vol 4 no. 20 (Feb. 06)
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