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Nutraceuticals and Their Health Benefits Available online at www.ijpab.com Swaroopa and Srinath Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 1151-1155 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5407 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 1151-1155 (2017) Review Article Nutraceuticals and their Health Benefits Swaroopa G.1* and Srinath D.2 1&2Department of Foods & Nutrition, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana-500030, India *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 3.08.2017 | Revised: 11.08.2017 | Accepted: 12.08.2017 ABSTRACT Nutraceuticals are products derived from food sources that are purported to provide extra health benefits, in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods. Nutraceutical are a food or part of food that provides health benefits including the intervention and treatment of a disease. Nutraceuticals improve the health status of individuals by modulating the body functions. Different types of those nutraceuticals are available in general viz., proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other pure food compounds like., dietary supplement, herbals, nutrients, medical foods, functional foods. Nutraceuticals have attracted considerable interest due to their potential nutritional, safety and therapeutic effects. Key words: Nutraceutical, Health, Food, Disease, Nutrition. INTRODUCTION foods, herbal products and processed foods The term nutraceutical was coined from such as cereals, soups, and beverages4,8&9. nutrition and pharmaceutical in 1989 by HISTORY OF NUTRACEUTICALS Stephen Defelice, founder and chairman of The concept of Nutraceuticals went back three foundation for innovation in medicine, an thousand years ago. Hippocrates (460-377 American organization which encourages B.C) stated „let food be thy medicine and medical health1, 2, 3&4. Restated and clarified in medicine be the food‟ to predict the a press release in 1994, its definition was “any relationship between appropriate foods for substance that may be considered a food or health and their therapeutic benefits 10. In the part of a food and provides medical or health early 1900s, in united states food benefits, including the prevention and manufacturers start adding small quantity of treatment of disease5&6. About 2000 years ago, iodine to salt to prevent Goiter. In Japan, Hippocrates emphasized „let food be your England and other countries, Nutraceuticals medicine and medicine be your food‟s7. The are already becoming part of dietary actual use of Nutraceuticals is to attain landscape, nowadays Nutraceuticals are most desirable therapeutic outcomes with reduced rapidly growing segments of the industry & side effects. Such products may range from the global nutraceutical market is estimated as isolated nutrients, dietary, supplements and USD 117 billion11& 12. diets to genetically engineered „designer‟ Cite this article: Swaroopa, G. and Srinath, D., Nutraceuticals and their Health Benefits, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(4): 1151-1155 (2017). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5407 Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 1151 Swaroopa and Srinath Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 1151-1155 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 TRADITIONAL AND NON- „Auyrveda‟ which possess many effective TRADITIONAL NUTRACEUTICALS means of ensuring health care. Numerous Wide variety of nutraceutical foods are nutraceuticals are present in medicinal herbs of available in the market which falls in the key components18&19. category of traditional foods and non- (c) Dietary Supplements traditional foods. Dietary supplements are products administered (a) Traditional Nutraceuticals through mouth that contain a dietary ingredient Under the category of traditional intended to add something to the foods you Nutraceuticals comes food in which no change eat. A dietary supplement is a product that is to the food are made; It is simply natural, intended to supplement the diet that bears or whole foods with new information about their contains one or more ingredients like, vitamin, potential health qualities. There has been no mineral, a herb, an amino acid or a change to the actual foods, other than the way concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or the consumer perceives them. Many fruits, combinations of these 17. Examples of dietary vegetables, grains, fish, dairy and meat supplements are black cohosh for menopausal products contain several natural components symptoms, ginkgo biloba for memory loss and that deliver benefits beyond basic nutrition, glucosamine/chondroitin for arthritis. such as lycopene in tomatoes, omega-3 fatty Supplement ingredients may contain vitamins, acids in salmon or saponins in soy. Even tea minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino and chocolate have been noted in some studies acids, enzymes, organ tissues, gland extracts to contain health-benefiting attributes12&13. or other dietary substances 20. (b) Nontraditional Nutraceuticals (d) Medical foods They are the outcome from agricultural Medical foods are a specific category of breeding or added nutrients and/or ingredients therapeutic agents that are intended for the such as orange juice fortified with calcium, nutritional management of a specific disease. cereals with added vitamins or minerals and Medical foods are formulations intended to flour with added folic acid are nontraditional manage patients with inborn errors in amino nutraceutical. Agricultural scientists acid metabolism. Newer medical foods are successfully have come up with the techniques designed to manage hyperhomocysteinemia, to boost the nutritional content of certain pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, crops. Research currently is being conducted inflammatory conditions, cancer cachexia, and to improve the nutritional quality of many other diseases. An example of health bars with other crops13, 14&15. added medications, transgenic cows and lacto- NUTRACUTICALS ARE CATEGORIZED ferrin for immune enhancement, transgenic BASED ON THEIR CHEMICAL plants for oral vaccination against infectious CONSTITUENTS AS BELOW diseases21&22. (a) Nutrients (e) Functional Foods As defined by AAFCO (1996), “a feed When food is being cooked or prepared using constituent in a form and at a level that will "scientific intelligence" with or without the help support the life of an animal.” The chief knowledge of how or why it is being used, classes of feed nutrients are proteins, fats, then the food is called as "functional food." carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins16&17. Thus, functional food provides the body with (b) Herbals the required amount of vitamins, fats, proteins, Herbs or botanical products as concentrates carbohydrates necessary for healthy survival4. and extracts. Herbals are as old as human A food product that is part of usual diet but has civilization and they provide a complete beneficial effects that go beyond the traditional storehouse of remedies to cure acute and nutritional effects. When functional food aids chronic diseases. India has the oldest written in the prevention and/or treatment of tradition for the nature‟s remedies called disease(s)/disorder (s) other than deficiency Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 1152 Swaroopa and Srinath Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 1151-1155 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 conditions like anemia it is called a Saponins contains antitumor and nutraceutical4. Thus, a functional food for one antimutagenic activities38. Curcumin consumer can act as a nutraceutical for (diferuloylmethane) which is a polyphenol of another. Examples of nutraceuticals include turmeric possesses anti-carcinogenic, anti- fortified dairy products (milk as such is a oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties39. nutrient and its product casein is a Beet roots, cucumber fruits, spinach leaves, pharmaceutical) and citrus fruits (orange juice and turmeric rhizomes were reported to is nutrient and its constituent ascorbic acid is a possess anti-tumor activity40 . pharmaceutical)7&12 Anti-inflammatory activities: Cucurmin HEALTH BENEFITS OF which is a polyphenol of turmeric have anti- NUTRACUTICALS carcinogenic, anti-oxidative and anti- Cardiovascular diseases: The nutraceuticals inflammatory properties 23. Linoleic acid used are antioxidants, dietary fibres, omega-3 (found in green leafy vegetables, nuts, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals for prevention vegetable oils i.e., evening primrose oil, and treatment of CVD23. Polyphenol (in grape) blackcurrant seed oil, hemp seed oil, prevent and control arterial diseases24. cyanobacteria and from spirulina) are used for Flavonoids (in onion, vegetables, grapes, red treating problems with inflammation and auto- wine, apples and cherries) block the ACE and immune diseases41. Glucosamine and strengthen the tiny capillaries that carry chondroitin sulfate are used against oxygen and essential nutrients to all cells25. osteoarthritis and regulate gene expression and Diabetes: Lipoic acid, an antioxidant is used synthesis of NO and PGE242. for treatment of diabetic neuropathy26 dietary Vision improving agents: Lutein (found in fibres from psyllium have been used for mangoes, corn, sweet potatoes, carrots, squash, glucose control in diabetic patients and to tomatoes and dark leafy greens such as kale, reduce lipid level in hyperlipidemia27. Ethyl collards and bokchoy) also known as helenien esters of n-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in is used for the treatment of visual disorders23. diabetic patients28. Docosahexaenoic acid Zeaxanthin (found in corn, egg yolks and modulates insulin resistance and is also vital green
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