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Alpine Ibex, Capra Ibex
(CAPRA IBEX) ALPINE IBEX by: Braden Stremcha EVOLUTION Alpine ibex is part of the Bovidae family under the order Artiodactyla. The Capra genus signifies this species specifically as a wild goat, but this genus shares very similar evolutionary features as species we recognize in Montana like Oreamnos (mountain goat) and Ovis (sheep). Capra, Oreamnos, and Ovis most likely derived in evolution from each other due to glacial migration and failure to hybridize between genera and species.Capra ibex was first historically observed throughout the central Alpine Range of Europe, then was decreased to Grand Paradiso National Park in Italy and the Maurienne Valley in France but has since been reintroduced in multiple other countries across the Alps. FORM AND FUNCTION Capra ibex shares a typical hoofed unguligrade foot posture, a cannon bone with raised calcaneus, and the common cursorial locomotion associated with species in Artiodactyla. These features allow the alpine ibex to maneuver through the steep terrain in which they reside. Specifically, for alpine ungulates and the alpine ibex, more energy is put into balance and strength to stay on uneven terrain than moving long distances. Alpine ibexes are often observed climbing artificial dams that are almost vertical to lick mineral deposits! This example shows how efficient Capra ibex is at navigating steep and dangerous terrain. The most visual distinction that sets the Capra genus apart from others is the large, elongated semicircular horns. Alpine ibex specifically has horns that grow throughout their life span at an average of 80mm per year in males. When winter comes around this growth is stunted until spring and creates an obvious ring on the horn that signifies that year’s overall growth. -
Favourableness and Connectivity of a Western Iberian Landscape for the Reintroduction of the Iconic Iberian Ibex Capra Pyrenaica
Favourableness and connectivity of a Western Iberian landscape for the reintroduction of the iconic Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica R ITA T. TORRES,JOÃO C ARVALHO,EMMANUEL S ERRANO,WOUTER H ELMER P ELAYO A CEVEDO and C ARLOS F ONSECA Abstract Traditional land use practices declined through- Keywords Capra pyrenaica, environmental favourableness, out many of Europe’s rural landscapes during the th cen- graph theory, habitat connectivity, Iberian ibex, reintroduc- tury. Rewilding (i.e. restoring ecosystem functioning with tion, ungulate minimal human intervention) is being pursued in many areas, and restocking or reintroduction of key species is often part of the rewilding strategy. Such programmes re- Introduction quire ecological information about the target areas but this is not always available. Using the example of the an has shaped landscapes for centuries (Vos & Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica within the Rewilding Europe Meekes, ). In the last decades socio-economic M framework we address the following questions: ( ) Are and lifestyle changes have driven a rural exodus and the there areas in Western Iberia that are environmentally fa- abandonment of land throughout many of Europe’s rural vourable for reintroduction of the species? ( ) If so, are landscapes (MacDonald et al., ; Höchtl et al., ). these areas well connected with each other? ( ) Which of In some cases sociocultural and economic problems have these areas favour the establishment and expansion of a vi- created new opportunities for conservation (Theil et al., ). able population -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
A Pre-Feasibility Study on Water Conveyance Routes to the Dead
A PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY ON WATER CONVEYANCE ROUTES TO THE DEAD SEA Published by Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, Kibbutz Ketura, D.N Hevel Eilot 88840, ISRAEL. Copyright by Willner Bros. Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved. Funded by: Willner Bros Ltd. Publisher: Arava Institute for Environmental Studies Research Team: Samuel E. Willner, Dr. Clive Lipchin, Shira Kronich, Tal Amiel, Nathan Hartshorne and Shae Selix www.arava.org TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 HISTORICAL REVIEW 5 2.1 THE EVOLUTION OF THE MED-DEAD SEA CONVEYANCE PROJECT ................................................................... 7 2.2 THE HISTORY OF THE CONVEYANCE SINCE ISRAELI INDEPENDENCE .................................................................. 9 2.3 UNITED NATIONS INTERVENTION ......................................................................................................... 12 2.4 MULTILATERAL COOPERATION ............................................................................................................ 12 3 MED-DEAD PROJECT BENEFITS 14 3.1 WATER MANAGEMENT IN ISRAEL, JORDAN AND THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY ............................................... 14 3.2 POWER GENERATION IN ISRAEL ........................................................................................................... 18 3.3 ENERGY SECTOR IN THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY .................................................................................... 20 3.4 POWER GENERATION IN JORDAN ........................................................................................................ -
Symbolism of the Ibex Motif in Negev Rock Art
Supplementary Information SI Fig. 1. Male ibex on the cliffs of the Ramon Crater, central Negev highlands (Photograph by U. Avner, 2012). SI Fig. 2. Ibex hunting scenes in neighboring deserts: A. Sakaka, Sa‘udi ‘Arabia (‘Abdul Nayeem 2002:202), B. Najran, Sa‘udi ‘Arabia (courtesy of Christian Robin), C. Wadi Abu-Qwei, Eastern desert, Egypt, late Predynastic (Redford & Redford 1989:13, c.f. Morrow et al. 2010:218), D. Wadi Abu-Wasil, Eastern desert, Egypt (Morrow et al. 2010:189). SI Fig. 3. Ibex with dogs and hunters in Near Eastern art: A. Susa, Iran ca. 4000 BC. (Clark 2001:69), B. Iran, ca. 800 BC (Kist et al. 2003: Fig. 11), C. Saqqara, Egypt, ca. 2320 BC. (Malek 2001:83), D. Hierakonopolis, Egypt, ca. 2990 BC, lower part of palette (Malek 2001:32, Ashmolean E.3924). SI Fig. 4. Saving the ibex: A. Achaemenid seal impression, Persepolis, ca. 600 BC (Root 2002:182), B. Mesopotamian seal impression, ca. 4th millennium BC (Amiet 1961: No. 698). C. Dilmun, Ba rain (Højland et al. 2005: Fig. 17). ḥ SI Fig. 5. Seal impressions with ibex up and down: A. Akkad, ca.1800 BC, (Hartner 1965: Fig. 25), B-D. Cyprus, ca.1600 BC (Kenna 1967: Figs. 15, 28, 29). SI Fig. 6. Metal object from Nabataean temple at Jebel Serbal, Sinai, 1st century BC-3rd century AD (Avner in press: Fig. 13). SI Fig. 7. Susa, Iranian bowl, ca. 3400 BC (Pope & Ackerman 1938: Pl. 3c). SI Fig. 8. Ibex with celestial symbols: A. Ramat Matred, central Negev Highlands, B. -
Alpbionet2030
ALPBIONET2030 Integrative Alpine wildlife and habitat management for the next generation Wildlife Management within the EUSALP perimeter Alpbionet2030 – Work Package 2 Deliverables D.T2.1.1 & D.T2.3.1 Prepared by Jonas Kahlen, Karin Svadlenak-Gomez and Chris Walzer Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology Impressum Publisher: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology (FIWI) of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria / Alpbionet 2030 project Authors: Jonas Kahlen, Karin Svadlenak-Gomez, Chris Walzer 1st Edition December 2019 All rights reserved ISBN: 978-3-200-06802-5 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. i Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 Excursion ....................................................................................................................... 6 Migration and Dispersal ............................................................................................ 6 Connectivity .............................................................................................................. 6 Corridors and ecological connectivity features .......................................................... 7 Habitat fragmentation ............................................................................................... 8 Hunting in Europe .........................................................................................................10 -
Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site. -
Animal Pragmatics
ANIMAL PRAGMATICS ‘BIG FIVE’ The ‘Big Five’ and 100+ other interesting animals in Dutch and Belgian animal parks presented with a haiku flavour Harry Hauptmeijer Animal Pragmatics The ‘Big Five’ and 100+ other interesting animals in Dutch and Belgian Zoos presented with a haiku flavour Harry Hauptmeijer Challenge the existing to achieve the best Content 1. Safety - the highest priority 11 2. The ‘Big Five’ 12 3. Lion 13 4. Elephant 14 5. Leopard or panther 15 6. Rhinoceros 16 7. African Buffalo 17 8. Giraffe 18 9. Chimpansee 19 10. Japanese Crane 20 11. Cheetah 21 12. Alligator, Crocodile 22 13. Brown Bear 23 14. Polar Bear 25 15. Owl 26 16. Eagle 27 17. Turtle 28 18. Dolphin 29 19. Shark 30 20. Bonobo 31 21. Lion Fish 32 22. Red Fox 33 23. Llama 34 24. Tiger 35 25. Sloth 37 26. American Bison 38 27. Tapir 39 28. Wild Boar 40 29. Butterfly 41 30. Meerkat 42 31. Reindeer or Caribou 43 32. Flamingo 44 33. Ring-tailed Lemur 45 34. Okapi or Forest Giraffe 46 35. Alpine Ibex or Steenbok 47 36. Parrot 48 37. Beaver 49 38. Giant African Snail 50 39. Big Snakes 51 40. Walrus 52 Content - continued 41. Zebra 53 42. Donkey 54 43. Jaguar 55 44. Gnu or Wildebeest 56 45. Giant Panda 57 46. Red Panda 59 47. Hippopotamus 60 48. Red River Hog 61 49. Yak 62 50. Ostrich 63 51. Camel 64 52. Dromedary 65 53. Lynx 66 54. Tarantula 67 55. Przewalski Horse 68 56. Sea Lion 69 57. -
Comparison of Xylazine-Ketamine and Medetomidine-Ketamine Anaesthesia in the Iberian Ibex () Encarna Casas-Díaz, Ignasi Marco, Jorge R
Comparison of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in the Iberian ibex () Encarna Casas-Díaz, Ignasi Marco, Jorge R. López-Olvera, Gregorio Mentaberre, Santiago Lavín To cite this version: Encarna Casas-Díaz, Ignasi Marco, Jorge R. López-Olvera, Gregorio Mentaberre, Santiago Lavín. Comparison of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in the Iberian ibex (). Eu- ropean Journal of Wildlife Research, Springer Verlag, 2011, 57 (4), pp.887-893. 10.1007/s10344-011- 0500-7. hal-00667595 HAL Id: hal-00667595 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00667595 Submitted on 8 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Eur J Wildl Res (2011) 57:887–893 DOI 10.1007/s10344-011-0500-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Comparison of xylazine–ketamine and medetomidine–ketamine anaesthesia in the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) Encarna Casas-Díaz & Ignasi Marco & Jorge R. López-Olvera & Gregorio Mentaberre & Santiago Lavín Received: 6 October 2010 /Revised: 13 January 2011 /Accepted: 17 January 2011 /Published online: 8 February 2011 # Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract A comparison was made between two anaes- major differences in the different drug combinations used, but thetic combinations in 35 free-ranging adult Iberian clinical findings of this study, as well as hypoxemia, ibexes (Capra pyrenaica), from May to December 2005. -
Brochure Highlight Those Impressive Russia
2019 44 years and counting The products and services listed Join us on Facebook, follow us on Instagram or visit our web site to become one Table of Contents in advertisements are offered and of our growing number of friends who receive regular email updates on conditions Alaska . 4 provided solely by the advertiser. and special big game hunt bargains. Australia . 38 www.facebook.com/NealAndBrownleeLLC Neal and Brownlee, L.L.C. offers Austria . 35 Instagram: @NealAndBrownleeLLC no guarantees, warranties or Azerbaijan . 31 recommendations for the services or Benin . 18 products offered. If you have questions Cameroon . 19 related to these services, please contact Canada . 6 the advertiser. Congo . 20 All prices, terms and conditions Continental U .S . 12 are, to the best of our knowledge at the Ethiopia . 20 time of printing, the most recent and Fishing Alaska . 42 accurate. Prices, terms and conditions Fishing British Columbia . 41 are subject to change without notice Fishing New Zealand . 42 due to circumstances beyond our Kyrgyzstan . 31 control. Jeff C. Neal Greg Brownlee Trey Sperring Mexico . 14 Adventure travel and big game 2018 was another fantastic year for our company thanks to the outfitters we epresentr and the Mongolia . 32 hunting contain inherent risks and clients who trusted us. We saw more clients traveling last season than in any season in the past, Mozambique . 21 dangers by their very nature that with outstanding results across the globe. African hunting remained strong, with our primary Namibia . 22 are beyond the control of Neal and areas producing outstanding success across several countries. Asian hunting has continued to be Nepal . -
Non-Figurative Cave Art in Northern Spain
THE CAVES OF CANTABRIA: NON-FIGURATIVE CAVE ART IN NORTHERN SPAIN by Dustin Riley A thesis submitted To the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfllment of the requirments for the degree of Master of Arts, Department of Archaeology Memorial University of Newfoundland January, 2017 St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador Abstract This project focuses on non-figurative cave art in Cantabrian (Spain) from the Upper Palaeolithic (ca. 40,000-10,000). With more than 30 decorated caves in the region, it is one of the world’s richest areas in Palaeolithic artwork. My project explores the social and cultural dimensions associated with non-figurative cave images. Non-figurative artwork accounts for any image that does not represent real world objects. My primary objectives are: (1) To produce the first detailed account of non-figurative cave art in Cantabria; (2) To examine the relationships between figurative and non-figurative images; and (3) To analyse the many cultural and symbolic meanings associated to non- figurative images. To do so, I construct a database documenting the various features of non-figurative imagery in Cantabria. The third objective will be accomplished by examining the cultural and social values of non-figurative art through the lens of cognitive archaeology. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank and express my gratitude to the members of the Department of Archaeology at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador for giving me the opportunity to conduct research and achieve an advanced degree. In particular I would like to express my upmost appreciation to Dr. Oscar Moro Abadía, whose guidance, critiques, and continued support and confidence in me aided my development as a student and as a person. -
Ice Age Animal Factsheets
Ice Age Animal Factsheets Scientists have found frozen woolly mammoths in Height: 3m (shoulder) cold places, like Russia. Weight: 6000 kg Some of these mammoths Diet: Herbivore were so complete that you Range: Eurasia & can see their hair and N. America muscles! WOOLLY MAMMOTH HERBIVORES: MEGAFAUNA The word “megafauna” means “big animal”. Many animals in the Ice Age were very large compared with creatures living today. WOOLLY RHINOCEROS Woolly rhinos were plant- eaters. They used their Height: 2m (shoulder) massive horns to scrape Weight: 2700 kg away ice and snow from Diet: Herbivore plants so they could feed Range: Eurasia (like a giant snow plough)! In Spain, there is a cave called Altamira which has Height: 2m (shoulder) beautiful Ice Age paintings Weight: 900 kg of bison. We also have Diet: Herbivore an Ice Age carv ing of a Range: Eurasia bison at Creswell Crags! STEPPE BISON HERBIVORES: COW-LIKE ANIMALS Aurochs and bison were large animals which looked a lot like bulls. Humans during the Ice Age would have hunted them for their meat and skins. Bison were one of the most popular The farm cows we have choicesAUROCHS of subject in Stone Age art. today are related to the Height: 1.8m (shoulder) aurochs. Scientists think Weight: 700 kg humans began to tame Diet: Herbivore aurochs around ten thousand Range: Eurasia & years ago. Africa The saiga antelope has a very unusual nose which Height: 0.7m (shoulder) helps them live in cold places. Breathing Weight: 40 kg through their nose lets Diet: Herbivore them warm up cold air! Range: Eurasia SAIGA ANTELOPE HERBIVORES: GRAZERS Grazers are animals which eat food on the ground, usually grasses or herby plants.