TULYA WODLI: 435

3.0 PARK LANDS & SQUARES

3.0 & SQUARES 3.1.26 Tulya Wodli/Park 27 Report

TULYA WODLI: 436 e, with a series of brown- e, with epared by Colonel William Light,

s/Karrawirra Parri with the “Botanic Gardens” on a on a Gardens” “Botanic the with Parri s/Karrawirra e bottom and left of the imag left of and e bottom 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure Figure loured ‘park lands’. Source: ACC archives. Source: ACC lands’. ‘park loured ‘Plan of Adelaide’ dated 1836 as pr Extract of the watercolour tinted green-co the through drives carriage coloured depicting Tulya Wodli/Park 27. Note the River Torren River the Note 27. Wodli/Park Tulya depicting to th Road with Port watercourse, the in island reputed

as Railway Reserve, and a rectangular tract y occupied by part of the rail yards. In the strative boundary changes over the years. o served as the Clerk of Sheep & Cattle Park 1, together with the triangular portion of ilway line. Instead, this land was directly rra Parri, and Port Road excludes land nctions and demolition of the Slaughterhouse e labels ‘Slaughter House Paddocks’, ‘Butcher’s ndary change, maps have been used in this s no Park designation or reference number that the original cited has been applied in this the establishment of the North Adelaide Golf used as a ‘Plantation of Olives’, the ty Gardener, Tulya Wodli/Park 27 consisted of the majority of land from and encircling only a small portion of the present Tulya s land), Adelaide Gaol, and Thebarton Police as “Park 25A” in the Corporation’s reports. as Tulya Wodli/Park 27, or today,

Tulya Wodli . Also, Port Road along the Thebarton north-south section was for many years known as to depict these spatial areas and any associated description of the boundary changes. Barracks. of Wodli/Park 27 consisted Originally Tulya Wodli/Park 27 and has experienced several admini Prior to 1899, and Pelzer’s appointment as Ci land that is now the lower Golf Course portion of and comprised 14.2.35 acres present Park 27 along Terrace that was known as 27A (5.7ha). At the time of Pelzer’s appointment Police Barracks across to Morphett Street was Corporation’s Sheep & Cattle Market, a small portion next to the Sheep Market as Park 25A. There wa described the present area north of the Police Barracks, nor land between /Karrawirra Parri and the ra associated with the Corporation’s Slaughter House and Cattle Yards functions, and was principally used as agistment paddocks associated with these functions. The nomenclature of Park 27 came into being in the 1960s following Report Shierlaw Terrace. Because of these progressive designation and bou Yards’, ‘Cattle ‘Gaol Olive Plantations’, ‘Olive ‘West Park Nursery’, ‘Hemsley Paddock’ were commonly used between the 1830s to 1950s. ‘Hemsley was colloquially named after William John Hemsley wh Superintendent of Slaughterhouse (1883-1904). Market (1865-99), and as A stretch of land north of North Terrace is also contained within Tulya Wodli/Park 27. Historically this verge was the gardens and paddocks that masked the Corporation’s Sheep Market area in Tuyla Wodli/Park 27 that are presentl 1880s-1920s it was occasionally referred to presently occupied by SA Transport (railway Course and the cessation of slaughterhouse fu itself. The Corporation also used the epithets ‘Slaughter House’ and ‘Slaughterhouse’ in its reports to describe the place and consistency to Report these names are contemporary descriptors, and th Tulya Wodli/Park 27 Historical Overview: Site Context Light’s plan, Tulya Wodli/Park 27 today consists of land bounded by the North Arising from Adelaide Railway Line, the River Torrens/Karrawi Accordingly, while we refer to

site: “it being

TULYA WODLI: 437 Piltawodli . O’Brien also believes that . O’Brien in the Tulya Wodli/Park 27 locality (Foster mp associated with ‘The Billabong’ itself as mp associated with ‘The Billabong’ itself employment of the natives …” (GRG 24/4, 8 a mile from the town to a place chosen by the nd “reserved for the Botanic Gardens” to nd approximately where the Adelaide Gaol was Piltawodli 1998, p. 35; State Records GRG 24/1, 8 May ong the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, on both 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES ecords CO 13/9, 29 November 1837). ey established a tent encampment on either of May 1837, was instructed “to send one of [his] April 1837 as the second interim Protector of me which was progressively reconfigured as the Survey Plan of the City the City Plan of Survey ) plantings exist today in Tulya Wodli/Park 27. A small linear island Figure ilex

or King John obtained a tract of land Quercus The first (A) and second (B) sites for the botanic botanic the for sites (B) second and (A) first The in Tulya Torrens the River of banks on the garden Source: today. 27 Wodli/Park William by Colonel as prepared 1837, of Adelaide, Archives Light. ACC With the appointment of Walter Bromley in Aborigines, Bromley was temporarily allocated la service his duties. Colonel William Light, in officers to point out Capt. Bromley … the piece of land reserved for Botanical Gardens which … may temporarily be used by him for the May 1837). The first site of the Garden was al sides, where the Slaughterhouse was later sited, and present 1960s gardens, weir Holm Oak ( reputedly existed in the River valley at this ti Corporation appropriated the place as a rubbish du well as the Slaughterhouse waste (Harris 2005, p. 1). The second Botanic Garden site was reputedly la On both sites, no botanic garden development occurred,later developed in 1840 onwards. the former also being subject to flooding. Broml these two sites before being directed in November 1837 to shift the desirable that I should remove my tent [to] about natives close to the river.” This “place” being Mullawirraburka Hemming 1990, p. 12; Harris 1999, pp. 65-67; State R 1986, p. 28; Best 1837; 24/4/1837/68;

Colonel William Light dated 1837 that Light William Colonel e following historical overview of the Tulya or activities, pre-contact post-contact, for

Figure Figure Australia. Deputy Surveyor George Kingston or ‘Aboriginal Location’ settlement where the present Par , the first ‘Native Location’ or ‘Aboriginal was ‘Plan of Adelaide’ as prepared by as prepared ‘Plan of Adelaide’ Piltawodli Piltawodli Extract of a black and white survey Extract of a black and again depicts the reputed island on the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, Port Road, and tree-be speckled river river speckled tree-be Road, and Port Parri, Torrens/Karrawirra River on the island reputed the depicts again archives. ACC Source: island. and edge formally established in the colony of South Map of Adelaide. Land in Tulya identified the boundaries of this ‘Location’ in his 1842 Wodli/Park 27 includes the Wodli/Park 27 (Hemming 1998; Harris 1999, 2000, 2005). Wodli/Park 27 (Hemming 1998; Harris To the north side of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, between and War Memorial Drive at a location called 3 and Torrens Weir exist today. Historical Overview: Aboriginal Associations There are considerable references to sites these are discussed in th Tulya Wodli/Park 27 and

gard to extant

TULYA WODLI: 438 nding of the sites of the former the sites of of the nding in 1837, having re in 1837, having 2005, pp. 26, 49-51; Harris 2005, p. 2005, pp. 26, 49-51; Harris et al unclear whether it was situated at the original sed the Kaurna “construction of half a dozen the Aboriginals he was caring (Harris 2005, p. e is some dispute about the whether there were Residence that later became the Park Lands Ranger’s Ranger’s Lands Park the became later that Residence is building a cottage” but he obviously shifted July 1837. Between May to July 1837 Bromley July 1837. Between s he would not be shifted from his present

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES s erected, and Bromley was dismissed for alleged Figure Figure given Bromley’s limited and poor grammatical moved to with the Aboriginals (GRG 24/1, Harris in 2005 delineating her understa in 2005 delineating her Harris Location’ in 1838 and Bromley’s camp Bromley’s in 1838 and Location’ evidence. Source: Harris 2005, np. evidence. Source: Harris Slaughterhouse, Cattle Yards, Slaughterhouse Manager’s Residence, and sites for the first ‘Old Residence, and and archaeological historical records Extract of a map prepared by Rhondda by Extract of a map prepared At this new site Bromley erected a hut and supervi ‘commodious wigwams’ as he called them.” Ther six huts or just one tent and wigwam descriptions (Hemming 1998, p. 35-36, 38-39; Draper 11). The ‘wigwam’ was burnt down soon after it wa incompetence, and replaced by William Wyatt in erected a ‘cottage’ to replace this ‘wigwam’ but it is site of his encampment or the new site he pp. 2-3). Harris 2000, p. 5; 2005, June 1837; PRG 128/13/10; 30 1837/213, Lendon (nd) has stated that Bromley had “hope location where Colonel Light put him, he camp to the Piltawodli site upon insistence of p. 9; PRG 128/13/10). 3; 2000,

li/Park 27 in 1865. This ‘Plan’ is This ‘Plan’ 27 in 1865. li/Park their Sincere friend … It being

out 60 appeared to be kind and docile and I in nt which they sometimes did even to suffocation … he town, to a place chosen by the Natives close to the own hands a Wigwam or shed, something after their e of provisions, which was all I could obtain … On my November 1837. In the same month Bromley Figure by the City Surveyors Office, 11 February 1865, depicting depicting Office, 11 February 1865, Surveyors City the by lop the sites, on both sides of the River convince them that I was indeed in Piltawodli/Park 1 and Tulya Wod Tulya and in Piltawodli/Park 1 rms of Aboriginal associations, note the three structures associated with the with the associated structures three the note Aboriginal associations, of rms return did everything in my power to … The Blacks on being introduced to the number of ab desirable that I remove my tent about a mile from t river, I there supplied them with a scanty allowanc (CO 13/9, 20 November 1837). removal to the … site referred to, I erected with my own fashion, in order that they might not crowd my te

Extract of a ‘Plan of the ’ prepared Adelaide’ City of the Extract of a ‘Plan structures and functional arrangements and functional structures discussed later I this Report, but in te in but I this Report, discussed later Archive. ACC Source: Parri. River Torrens/Karrawirra the of side noth on the encampment Sappers Despite Bromley’s first attempts to deve he was dismissed in Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, wrote about his work and the encampment:

et al et

TULYA WODLI: 439 with annotations highlighting the likely with annotations ngston’s (1842) maps of Adelaide ngston’s (1842) inal ‘sheds’ and Colonial Store. Source: Draper Draper Source: Store. Colonial and ‘sheds’ inal Figure Figure

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES 1998) using Freeling’s (1842) and Ki 1998) y colour aerial photograph of Piltawodli of Piltawodli aerial photograph colour y locations of the Sappers Quarters, Native School, Aborig School, Native Quarters, Sappers the locations of 2005, p. 50. Composite map produced by Harris ( Composite map produced by superimposed upon a contemporar

r own wurleys to an autocad survey plan survey an autocad … alongside other similar and nearly opposite the by the . e gully that runs from the back of sheds built for them near where he and preferred thei direction towards the survey camp, the Brick Sheds, School, Schürmann’s Sheds, School, Schürmann’s Brick the from the bay t the river, near where the Adelaide gh (1906, p. 37; Harris 1999, p. 66; 2005, p. 37; Harris gh (1906, olive plantation now is, rris (1998) overlaid on top of on rris (1998) overlaid built a primitive reed hut nk of the gully already referred to and close the present Children’s Road Safety School and Figure Figure ughly west of the Adelaide Gaol main structure tive inspector or superintendent which was given the name Buffalo Row. for the natives, by having shelter in December 1836, Chittleborough has reminisced about did not take kindly to the sheds, The row extended in an easterly yards from the south bank of the littl of Adelaide. Note the locations of Note of Adelaide. Buffalo

(Chittleborough 1906, p. 37). HMS … the whole of our family … tramped the seven miles Gaol now stands. There we camped … until father places built by our fellow emigrants, t … Buffalo Row was an open piece of land, where the He soon established a sort of location resided, a little west of Buffalo Row, on the south ba the captain’s idea of comfort present cattle sale yards. The blacks slaughter house. It stood about 5 the Gaol past slaughter house. and all the huts faced north. … Capt. Bromley had been appointed na of the precinct prepared for the City the prepared for of the precinct House, the Sappers Quarters, the Attendant’s House, and Teichelmann’s House. House. and Teichelmann’s House, Attendant’s the Quarters, Sappers the House, The Piltawodli ‘Native Location’ buildings, derived from Ha derived from buildings, Location’ ‘Native Piltawodli The

A child passenger on the this first encampment: where the Powder Magazine and Totem are now located. Buffalo Row was a line of temporary structures approximately along Port Road near Harris has concluded that the gully referred to was “little that runs from back of Gaol past the slaughterhouse,” quoting Chittleborou 2). Accordingly, this represents a location ro the Port Road Urban Forest are located.

TULYA WODLI: 440 map depicts the ‘Adelaide s “of superior construction to the 12 at s an “airy habitation” but “Teichelmann fell arris 2000, pp. 10-12; 2000, pp. 3-4). Despite 2000, 10-12; arris 2000, pp. s use their huts only in times of utmost need, each 9 feet square (0.8²m). Bromley was quarter ending December 1839, Report of the by Harris depicting part of the ‘Native Location’ area. area. Location’ ‘Native part of the Harris depicting by depicting the ‘Native Location’, Adelaide Gaol, Slaughter Slaughter Gaol, Adelaide Location’, ‘Native the depicting resides in,” but he drowned in the River resides in,” but 1838 Wyatt reported that all works had been there. Settler William Mann, in 1838, described

and ease, rolling under the gum trees, wrapped siding in the huts at Location” with an

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES The railway line. northern Figures Figures on’ occurred in early 1838. Tenders were called on’ occurred in early 1838. Tenders and the Gaol, and the organisational plan of the of plan organisational and the Gaol, the and cannot move for fleas inside them.” The these sheds were obviously of a poor quality and rra Parri. Source: Harris 1999, Source: rra Parri. Map ofAdelaide of Freeling’s (1849) of Freeling’s Above Left: Extract Above Left: the of alignment proposed the and Yards, and House Sheds” between the RiverTorrens/Karrawirra Parri ACC archives. Source: yards. Slaughterhouse prepared colour plan overlay of an Extract Above Right: northern the between north the to immediately Sheds’ ‘Adelaide the and Gaol, Adelaide of the position the Note the River Torrens/Karrawi railway line and Work constructing and developing the ‘Locati for in February, by March there was “a small patch of land and huts”, by April an acre [1.2ha] of land had been fenced enclosing a small store, schoolhouse and residence of the interpreter, and some 12 huts were being erected, appointed teacher, to “occupy the house he now By June Torrens/Karrawirra Parri in May 1838. completed and that some 87 “Natives [were] re additional 200 camped in the immediate vicinity (H Wyatt’s best intentions, the quality of these huts was less than desirable. Moravian Lutheran missionary Schürmann recorded that “... the native when it is raining very heavily, because they Schoolhouse that he and Teichelmann occupied wa dangerously sick of … dysentery” while residing the ‘Location” as “a sort of stockade … pound like fence, round which are sheds something like pens for sheep; but they preferred sweet liberty up in a rug or blanket.” The quality of Protector Moorhouse subsequently erected new shed cited in Gara 1839 p. 285 p. S58; Mann 1838, Schürmann pp. 3-4; old location” (Harris 2005, 1998, p. 100; Protectors Quarterly Report for the Colonisation Commissioners, p. 322).

Piltawodli and the Montefiore Hill Coal deposit Hill Coal Montefiore and the l 2005, p. 55. l 2005, et a et ng Aboriginal and or Kaurna historical or Kaurna historical and Aboriginal ng established to assist Wyatt in setting up a ation’ where Bromley had vacated his ‘house’ to serve as a school and storehouse with e ‘Location’ and was positioned approximately s house is obscure as it implies that was s not until December 1837 that he returned to not be provided. The site chosen was to s really on the site of the former ‘Location’ in

e region to quell tensions in this the Adelaide region should “… habitation and Figure Figure Vol 1, p. 74, letter from Mr JB Hack, 20 December Colonial Store, Aboriginal Location, Colonial Store, Aboriginal awoldi/Park 1. Source: Draper Draper Source: 1. awoldi/Park , three brick ‘sheds’ were erected on land by 1838 immediately 2005, indicating sites identified as possessi sites identified 2005, indicating South Australian Record et al Piltawodli in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 near the present pedestrian Railway Line underpass. Piltawodli Extract fromDraper association post-contact, including the association post-contact, including site in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 and Pilt Wodli/Park 27 Tulya site in and Wyatt proposed the acquisition of this cottage already on the site of the ‘Location’ whereas it wa Adelaide. In December 1837 a public Committee was ‘Location’ fearful that tensions might occur in regular meals for all who will come them …” known in colonial correspondence and maps as th on the site of the present Par 3 golf course adjacent to restaurant and weir. In January 1838 plans were announced to erect a ‘Loc accompanying garden. The reference to Bromley’ Tulya Wodli/Park 27 ( region between settlers and Aboriginals, and it wa Unfortunately Wyatt was immediately sent to th 1837; Harris 2005, p. 11). In association with These ‘sheds’ were intended to accommodate members of the ‘Adelaide Tribe’, were intermittently occupied, and were spatially separated from huts erected in the main settlement that were intended to accommodate members of the ‘Murray Tribe’. opposite

et et ssp. 2005, et al Figures Eucalyptus t occupy theme, are now 2005, p. 52. 2005, p. 52. 2005, p. 52. Two watercolour images Two watercolour by Wlliam Cawthorne, black and in reproduced at scenes depicting white, the‘Native Location’. a The upper depicts funeral ‘wurley’ for sketched Mullawirraburka January in by Cawthorne ‘Native 1845 at the two of with site location’ left. to the his wives by Source: watercolour possession of Cawthorne, copy to Mrs Marshall, Mitchell Library of New Draper Wales, in South al entitled is image Bottom the among ‘A fight 1844 March natives on 29 between location at the 8& 9 pm’, as painted by the Note Cawthorne. the openness of with the but landscape, several of presence mature by Source: watercolour possession of Cawthorne, copy to Mrs Marshall, Mitchell Library of New Draper Wales, in South al TULYA WODLI: 441

p. 35-36, 38-39; Klose 1841-45, 3 July, 4 38-39; Klose p. 35-36, for their shelter, and will no ers of the ‘Murray Tribe’ and three on 28 January 1848; GRG 35/2, 27 July 1846; unfortunately, the only sylvan remnant of was a site of Queen’s Birthday distribution 1999, p. 62; 2005, pp. 7-9; Draper p. 62; 2005, pp. 7-9; 1999, s of Indigenous peoples within Adelaide. For eir occupancy was however spasmodic because 10 February 1850, p. 3). ctures are recorded as “Sappers Quarters”. 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES quality their locations and additional cultural 1846, seven on the north side of River The Observer ( underneath bitumen and landscaping associated with the golf course, situ

in … the aborigines, who despise the “pighouses” erected drawing near to that beautiful “paddock” which is “parklands” belonging to this city Freeling’s 1849 ‘Map of Adelaide’ where all stru Notwithstanding this change of venue, the Aborigines Department continued to use the ‘Location’ to control and monitor the movement this purpose ten brick sheds were erected in Torrens/Karrawirra Parri to accommodate memb south to accommodate the ‘Adelaide Tribe’. Th the huts leaked and were of poor quality construction. Until 1851, when the role was taken over by Government House at Botanic Park, this rations and blankets to Indigenous peoples. It would appear that the foundations or evidence of these ‘huts’ may be and that an archaeological investigation may pp. 11-13; Hemmings 1998, information (Foster, 1990, July 1845; GRG 52/7/1, letter from Moorhouse, 28 September 1846; Harris GRG 24/1/1846/75, By 1850 these sheds were clearly still extant but in considerable disrepair: pp. 26, 49-51). pp. 26, 49-51).

ds in a base corner, his tives most commonly have in the apex. For this the old Location fence 400 row here houses are already ight line to mine and in a curved addition, a fence is to be erected rk Lands between the South Side of are under construction near me. The gardens uth Adelaide where the na aff associated with the colonial Aborigines ichelmann’s house, each stan nction of this ‘Location’ in a letter 1846: termines. In this latter stward and Westward of of teacher Oldhams stands in 10 x 12 foot (3.0 x 3.65m) structures with in 10 x 12 st of the huts and buildings being demolished ining structures. All Aboriginal residents were ining structures. All Aboriginal residents Schürmann together with a ‘Native School’, Protector of Aborigines, Letterbook, 18 rrens on a triangular reach into the stream enclosing ing buildings. Their occupancy is noted in section of land I have described is Piltawodly the rest” were allowed to remain. The children, ion’ which included cottages for two Moravian dormitories previously occupied by the Sappers twelve huts erected for the Aboriginals. By 1840 ion’. The “ditch’ can be discerned in Freeling’s rmation as to their construction. Schürmann’s rs thereupon took over the ‘Location’ site of a new location immediately east of the rnor designated that the “… northern boundary that “Wattewattitpinna today started his house esent War Memorial Drive alignment. Kingston’s p. 6; Schürmann diary 12 July 1839. The the “Location’” as consisting of a polygon shape not far from the Harbour Road” resulting in some ced enclosure with a store, schoolhouse and a 6 December 1839; Teichelmann diary entry 24 the natives is to be built in a stra June 1839; Harris 2005, pp. 5-6). d build, and two others individually fenced in and, allowed to locate on a plot of Pa [be] .5.26ha) (Kingston, Map of Adelaide, 1842; Hemming 1998, p. 37; Map of Adelaide, 1842; Hemming 1998, .5.26ha) (Kingston, c (mud and straw) upon stone foundations, whitewashed walls with lime floors, brick [365m] (State Records, GRG 52/7/1, pisé … on the site of parklands between North and So in the eastern and mine in the western angle and that last-mentioned house a row of houses for around the whole area. The natives’ name for this The adults have for six years been Port Road and the Torrens, extending to Ea yards February 1846, cited by Hemming 1998, p. 36). their camp. The spot is on the north side of the To about two to three English acres. My and Brother Te line to Teichelmann’s as the line of the streambank de standing, which the natives have helpe lying in the river bed are each to (Schürmann, letter to Angas, 12 Schürmann described this new ‘Location’ as: 13 acres (5.26ha) being designated as the ‘Locat Freeling, Map of Adelaide, 1849; Harris 2005, Protector of Aborigines noted the occupancy and fu several huts for Indigenous people and houses for st Department. Unfortunately the actual spatial location of these buildings and sheds are limited given extant period maps of the time, but there is some info should be the ditch or dry river bed, which is 1849 ‘Map of Adelaide’ slightly north the pr ‘Map of Adelaide’, dated 1842, also designates with “roughly 13 acres” ( In 1845 the ‘Location’ was disbanded in favour Thus, by early 1838, the ‘Location’ was a fen residence for an interpreter together with some there were some thirteen buildings in this ‘Locat Lutheran missionaries, CG Teichelmann and CW and Teichelmann’s houses consisted of two rooms walls of chimneys, wood plate roofs, with wooden doors and window frames. The sheds were possibly of the same construction as Schürmann wrote near mine … Under Cronz’s guidance the natives are themselves making the mud walls” (Schürmann diary entries 30 May, 4 July, 1/1839/312/16). GRG p. 76; 2005, 6; November 1839; Harris 1999, As part of this encampment, the colonial Gove Government House Domain. This resulted in mo and the military Sappers taking charge of rema ordered from the site. Only Klose, who continued to live in his house, and “3 old people 2 children who were not in a condition to go with together with children from the Walkerville School, were taken to the ‘Native School Establishment’ in Kintore Avenue and placed in and Miners (engineers). The Sappers Mine including school, gardens and most of the remain

e Adelaide Gaol e Adelaide

TULYA WODLI: 442 Source: ACC Archives. ACC Source: igines Location’, th igines ed fencing structures. ed fencing

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure Stores’) and it associat Stores’) of Adelaide’, 1842, depicting the ‘Abor the depicting of Adelaide’, 1842, Extract of George Kingston’s ‘Map Kingston’s George Extract of [Jail], and the Colonial Store (or Iron Colonial Store (or the [Jail], and

2005, pp. 49- Literarium Diarum et al he old Location fence 400 A fight among the nativesA fight among on 29 body in a wurley at the Native Location, helmann. A large structure, it consisted of awing an intertribal battle at the site in ward and Westward of t s, and may also be associated with the notion School Room of the Aborigines at Native in Hemming 1998, p. 38, fig 38; Gara ur. ’s panorama of Adelaide a 100 children” and included 2 hospital wings. 100 children” a Oval and overlooking the original River ; thus establishing the ‘stolen buildings on this site given the little disturbance ct of land above Pinky Flat, in Tarndanya that archaeological evidence of this ‘Location’ asses from the Kaurna Plains School to review fatal social error in seeking to separate the School’ was erected in July 1840 and officially School’ was erected in July 1840 and officially an 1846 letter by Matthew Moorhouse, the Protector ary of New South Wales; Draper removing Indigenous children from their parents was ’ in Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales; gained to reside upon (Hemming 1998, pp. 35, 36). llowed to locate on a plot of Park Land between the South side 2005, p. 26). ing east (Gara 1988; Cawthorne, ‘ et al Mullawirraburka is now considered an important Kaurna and Indigenous contemporary ’, dated 15 September 1843, of this structure. Klose succeeded Schürmann as the Piltawodli Mullawirraburka’s two wives lamenting over his ’ in Mitchell Library, State Libr (State Records GRG 52/7/1, Protector of Aborigines Letterbook, 18 February The adults have for six years been a Port Road and the Torrens, extending to the East yards 1846). (Hemming 1998, pp. 20, 32, 37). Occupancy of this site is also confirmed in of Aborigines: This letter pertains to land in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri surrounding the Gaol and the ‘Adelaide Tribe’ shed It is at this ‘Location’ that the practice of employed was first carried out in the colony of generation’. significant place, and is a regular venue for cl Kaurna history and culture. It is conceivable could reveal the exact location of the original Torrens/Karrawirra Parri ford. William Cawthorne expressed the ‘Location’ when dr that it was the land that The “sylvan” location was on a prominent tra Womma/Park 26, near to the present Adelaide 1844 in a watercolour illustration. He also sketched the funeral rites for Mullawirrabirka January 1845 at the Location in another watercolo depicts much of the Location devoid buildings and trees in 1865, except a Missionary Cottage and the Colonial Store. This depicting was similar to Eugene von Guérard’s 30 July 1855 panorama sketch of Adelaide look March 1844 at the location between 8 & 9pm 22 October 1842-31 December 1843, reproduced p. 7; Draper 117; Harris 2005, Cawthorne, ‘ Aboriginal children from their parents to reduce the latter’s influence in terms of location and residence thereby establishing the first ‘stolen generation’ children (Cawthorne, January 1845 53). As part of this colonial endeavour a ‘Native opened in December 1840 under Schürmann and Teic “a neat and handsome school capable of holding Cawthorne has provided perhaps the only sketch, ‘ Location, 1843 main teacher and displayed an enlightened approached to Indigenous education by teaching students in their native language but made a

Map Ficus the present present the , 1849, depicting Figure ) specimens in ) specimens

TULYA WODLI: 443 Extract of Freeling’s ‘ Extract of Freeling’s of Adelaide’ the of the locations with ‘Colonial Store’ structures and associated for a ‘Reserve fencing, positioned Signal Station’ Store’ ‘Colonial above the on the westernescarpment of Strangways crest in Piltawodli/Park Terrace ‘Sappers the 1, and Quarters’ near the present huts for the Weir, Torrens Aboriginals on the ‘Native Location’ on the course, golf Par 3 the Gaol’, ‘Adelaide northern railway line a semi- reserve, alignment in Tulya track tree lined that 27 Wodli/Park the matches conceptually extant plantings of ( Figs Bay Moreton Source: ACC Archives. macrophylla War Memorial Drive Memorial War sweeping a and today, oblong-shaped carriage on drive circle that was Hill ‘Montefiore’ the never constructed, and River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri crossings in the that corner lower right on the bridge a include Street Morphett present original the Bridge and River Torrens/Karrawirra far to the ford Parri right bottom tree-less plains tree-less

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES

érard depicting the the depicting érard érard prepared at a site on the a site on at prepared érard The scene is prepared looking east scene is prepared looking The where the Par 3, Torrens Weir and Weir and the Par 3, Torrens where west of the King William Road west the of round, and the Adelaide townscape the Adelaide and round, of trees and shrubs in the left the in shrubs trees and of

nce of vegetation on both sides of sides nce of vegetation on both rms of Piltawodli/Park 1, the image rms of masonry Slaughter House, with House, Slaughter masonry Images ark absence of all growing trees all growing of absence ark ford below, now under Lake Torrens, and and Lake Torrens, under ford below, now with the settlement of Adelaide in the centre centre the in of Adelaide settlement with the

along the deeply incised and eroded banks of the River of eroded banks incised and deeply along the Parri Torrens/Karrawirra Above: A sketch by Eugene von Gu A sketch Above: alignment. alignment. 78-79. pp. 58, Tregenza 1986, Source: Carroll & lower parts of the Adelaide Golf Course are located today. today. located are Course Golf Adelaide the of lower parts Gu von Eugene sketch by Below: A River the old William Road overlooking King alignment of present Parri Torrens/Karrawirra River the of embankments eroded and incised steeply the depicting st the Parri, Torrens/Karrawirra accentuatedthe by lonelydefoliated tree single specimenthe crest on samples ford, with overlooking the as located was Garden Governor’s the where approximately foreground te In Thomas Allen. by developed abse information about the repeats Parri the Torrens/Karrawirra River rear and the Adelaide Gaol in the right rear, taken from Tuyla Tuyla from taken rear, right the Gaol in Adelaide the and rear 1855. July 27, dated 30 Wodli/Park two-storey Corporation’s with the the walled foreground, right the to yards, holding and fencing associated middle-g the right to Goal Adelaide of side left on the evident is very landscape tree-less An open beyond. Parri the Torrens/Karrawirra River

TULYA WODLI: 444

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES

where the Par Par the where

ound approximately ound ncing and holding yards, holding and ncing th the Corporation’s two- th the Corporation’s

as developed by Thomas Allen. In In Thomas Allen. by developed as of Adelaide in the centre rear and rear centre in the of Adelaide d depicting the tree-less plains along plains along the tree-less depicting d Torrens/Karrawirra Parri west of the the of west Parri Torrens/Karrawirra d prepared at a site on the present the present a site on at d prepared ford below, now under Lake Torrens, Torrens, below, now under Lake ford aide Goal to the right middle-ground, middle-ground, right the Goal to aide

in the left foregr the in sence of all growing trees accentuated all growing trees accentuated sence of e Adelaide Golf Course are located located are Course Golf e Adelaide Figures Figures d eroded embankments of the River embankments d eroded specimen on the crest overlooking the overlooking crest the on specimen use, with associated fe with associated use, prepared looking east wi prepared looking east terms of Piltawodli/Park 1, the image repeats information about the absence absence the about information repeats image the 1, Piltawodli/Park of terms the River of both sides of vegetation on alignment. King William Road 78-79. pp. 58, Tregenza 1986, Source: Carroll & where the Governor’s Garden was located was located Garden Governor’s where the and depicting the steeply incised an incised steeply the depicting and ab stark the Parri, Torrens/Karrawirra shrubs trees and of samples ford, with Above: A sketch by Eugene von Guérar A sketch Above: tree defoliated single lonely by the the deeply incised and eroded banks of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri in in Parri Torrens/Karrawirra the River banks of eroded and incised deeply the settlement the 27 with Tulya Wodli/Park Ho storey masonry Slaughter 26 overlooking Womma/Park Tandanya William Road in of King alignment Parri Torrens/Karrawirra River the old the Adelaide Gaol in the right rear, taken from Tuyla Wodli/Park 27, dated 30 dated 27, Wodli/Park Tuyla from taken rear, right in the Gaol the Adelaide is scene The July 1855. walled Adel the foreground, right to the Weir and lower parts of th 3, Torrens today. Guérar von Eugene sketch by Below: A and the Adelaide townscape beyond. An open tree-less landscape is very very is landscape tree-less An open beyond. townscape Adelaide the and Parri River Torrens/Karrawirra the of side left the on evident

.1856 of .1856 of c

TULYA WODLI: 445

2005, p. 49). 2005, p. 49). et al an old quarry site on the banks of River and groups of Aboriginals to the front left and in the and front left the to and groups of Aboriginals ontoured land formed as a consequence of the e River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, the ‘Adelaide e River Torrens/Karrawirra chaeological evidence that demonstrates their 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Freeling 1849; 14-15; pp. 63-64, Figures s 1999, Figure Figure e River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri and its eroding its eroding Torrens/Karrawirra Parri and e River notes the location of these structures and ryea’s panorama photograph of 1865. Railway ryea’s panorama photograph of 1865. Railway tes. While the military Sappers effectively te depicted in Samuel Calvert’s sketch of Parri. Source: Lock-Weir 2005, p. 38. 2005, p. Lock-Weir Source: Parri. st Samuel Calvert entitled ‘A View of Adelaide from the Torrens’ dated dated Torrens’ the from Adelaide of ‘A View entitled Calvert Samuel st

) plantation works appear to have later resulted in their demolition and potential europaea

embankments together with the cattle yards (middle right) right) (middle yards with the cattle together embankments Torrens/Karrawirra River waters of the A watercolour painting prepared by arti painting prepared by A watercolour of th derelict condition depicts the image 1850. The Olea positions of these structures and also surface ar existence under the veneer of new soils and re-c 14; Draper (Harris 1999, figure development of the golf course Map of Adelaide de 1849 Surveyor Freeling’s contemporary research has qualified these si demolished most of these structures north of th Tribe’ sheds are still extant in Townsend Du construction, river bank works associated with possible changes in the watercourse, and Olive ( change in ground surfaces (Duryea 1865; Harri 52/7/1, GRG 35/2, 27 July 1846; pp. 12-13; Hemming 1998, pp.38-39; Foster 1990, Moorhouse, 28 January 1848). ‘Early settlement in Adelaide’ that indicates a wide sweeping river bend with several Aboriginals In 1885 the Park Ranger William Campbell filled in Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, below the Slaughterhouse, with rubbish. The site had been a source of stone for building construction and is the likely source of stone used in the Slaughterhouse construction. The works would have re-contoured much of the escarpment p. Park Rangers Report 1885-86, the River at site of lower weir (Hemming 1998, p. 37; 108). This location appears to have been the si , buried near Morphett St tion, associated physical an ongoing part of Kaurna e present Morphett Street oric associations of the area as an 2005, p. 49).

et al ing, etc, as well its central role in colonial (Draper of this practice along the length es of Aboriginal graves, indicating that the site has ry important to the Kaurna both spiritually tt St. Three cottages east of view. Sappers and ns including native vegeta grasses to keep child warm of the Port Road Bridge. The area is known “works … in this area turn up the bones of (Chalk in Tindale, 7 November 1926). portant for the future, as enced in the findings of an archaeological e Park Lands (Cawthorne Diary 24 December 1 may have also been used (Hemming 1998, p. lf course near the weir has affected the natural as it passes through Tulya Wodli/Park 27. as it passes through Tulya been completely destroyed by landscaping.” . This research has confirmed the relative ed the reminisces of a Mr Chalk, an early s of burials occurring around the site of the s of burials occurring around the s 1999, Appendix A.29; O’Brien to Hemming AA338, notes from Mr Chalk 7 November 1926). AA338, notes from (Wilson 1995, p. 29). cumented extant evidence associated with the ) was a tract of land that stretched along the River p. 81; State Records GRG 24/4/1837/68; Hemming p. 81; State Records GRG 24/4/1837/68; Hemming on the western side of th and archaeological sites, and the hist undungga ) k eby exposed evidence of bones: ( to their cultural landscape (2005) have concluded that the cultural significance pertains to Karra et al and various encampments preceding this ‘Location’, the following are Piltawodli not been completely destroyed by landscaping Still, works on the banks in this area turn up bon … the physical status of the river, banks, and enviro important place for pre-colonial habitation, ceremony, hunt and recent history. These factors make it equally im cultural life and relationship evidence such as traditional burials Native child died and was … the mother lit fire over Bridge … Burial ground at north side about Morphe Miners Aboriginal shelters west of this, behind gaol Torrens/Karrawirra Parri near to and downstream Short (1860) stated “The Adelaide Tribe … used to to have been a Kaurna burial site. Bishop come down to Hindmarsh bury.” Contemporary oral information and a recorded burial site in Hindmarsh confirm this information (Harri 1920a, pp. 76-93; Black 1920b, 1998; Black 1998, 34-35). Wilson has also observed that the banks of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri immediately downstream of the Weir were used for burials, that Aboriginal graves, indicating that the site has not His undocumented reference is principally relating to land in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 but it likely that land back from the banks in Piltawodli/Park 37; Wilson 1995, p. 29). There are also record Morphett Street Bridge pointing the common nature River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri banks through th 1998, p. 43; Tindale 1935-39, 1842; Hemming The presence of burials along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri from Bridge north- westwards towards the Railway Bridge is also evid topography of this landscape ther honours study of part this location. In reviewing the area, Wilson concluded that landscaping works associated with the development of the go Apart from the relevant to Tulya Wodli/Park 27. The vicinity of Hindmarsh ( The River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri corridor was ve and functionally. Draper both sides of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri Further, that while the nature of this significance is ‘confidential’ to the Kaurna the physical manifestations of this significance include: Tindale record In 1926 anthropologist Norman Adelaide ‘settler’, about the burial activities bridge: Harris’ (1999) research has identified and do Stores and Iron sites Piltawodli, Colonial

TULYA WODLI: 446 structure. In the middle refers to the River referring to the River. It has also Eugene von Guérard. To the right is the the is To the right Guérard. Eugene von & Tregenza the 1880s. Source: Carroll ectively shifted most Kaurna activities from conduit for the Kaurna, and is derived from uatic foods. With post-contact, the Adelaide cattle in the front of the of the front the in cattle rary anthropologists and researchers that the European and Aboriginal encampment sites clearing of vegetation in Piltawodli/Park 1 clearing of vegetation

A.66; Hemming 1998, p. 41; Cawthorne Diaries, Karrawirra Parri Tanda:njapari

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES lating to sites upstream of the Weir where of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri corridor Figure Figure Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawoldi/Park 24 by scientific artist by scientific e ‘Billabong on the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri that was was Parri that River Torrens/Karrawirra e ‘Billabong on the etation and thereby shelter and fire wood. a refuse dump from the 1830s to 1830s dump from the refuse a

July 1855’. Pencil on paper sketch Pencil July 1855’. th two storey Slaughter House, with cattle yards behind, and behind, and yards cattle with House, Slaughter two storey th is middle In the Gaol. Adelaide the is distance as and used in filled progressively 1986, pp. 78-79. ‘Adelaide 30 ‘Adelaide Aboriginal associations (Harris 1999, Appendix Records GRG 20 July and 1 August 1843; Klose Diary 12 September 1842, 28 May 1845; State 52/7/1, letter from Moorhouse to Colonial Office, 6 April 1843). and Tulya Wodli/Park 27 between 1834 to 1836 eff these areas to locations that afforded veg Notwithstanding this, parts of the West Park and Narnungga/Park 25) were used as occasional SA Museum Tindale 1935-39, 4; Tindale 1974, pp. 5-13; up to the early 1900s (Amery 1997, p. AA338; Hemming 1998, pp. 18-19, 20-21; Johnston 1991). been clearly documented by period and contempo River provided a significant venue for plant and aq a venue for the incarceration of Aboriginals and deaths in Gaol following 1840 provided custody. There was also semi-continuous use through Tulya Wodli/Park 27 for ceremonies, meetings, encampments and gatherings, burials, fishing and hunting although the nature of information on these living activities and when they ceased is limited with extant documentation re vegetation was available. The quick and extensive Linguist Rob Amery has concluded the epithet Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, an important economic anthropologist Norman Tindale’s records that

a encampment of scene in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 looking Tulya Wodli/Park 27 looking scene in , 1990). e middle-ground, e middle-ground, spp trees in the fore and middle ontefiore hill escarpment in the in the escarpment hill ontefiore et al Source: Lock-Weir 2005, p. 60. Lock-Weir Source: Eucalyptus n.” He also recorded in 1845 the gaoling of n.” He also recorded in 1845 the gaoling can be construed in the art (Hemming 1998, p. etched at about the same site. A sketch by e Gaol were “12 Aboriginal prisoners in gaol – e Gaol were “12 Aboriginal e 1840s about Aboriginals in the Gaol awaiting poor native going to be hung” in 1843 and his poor native going to be hung” in 1843 and Store, located in Piltawodli/Park 1, the Gaol Image getation is questionable as scientific-artist von the Picturesque it would have been natural to g some of the South Australian Companies 12 e newly erected Railway Bridge in th e newly H Glover painted in 1856 depicting a 1856 depicting Glover painted in H Library, State Library of NSW. Library, State Library of an open tree-less landscape on the M tree-less landscape on the open an .1856, CSSLM B1134; Marsden B1134; .1856, CSSLM c background. Provenance: Mitchell Provenance: background. Extract of a watercolour painting by Extract of a watercolour painting but the foreground, Aboriginals in northward to Montefiore Hill with th thousand sheep.” Within the Gaol boundaries are also a series of unmarked graves with The other site with Aboriginal associations in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 is the Adelaide Gaol. With the cessation of public hangings at Colonial provided this venue. Records are common in th trial or hanging. Cawthorne wrote of “another dismay at the Adelaide public “running actually to see this sad spectacle, as if to an Exhibition.” Missionary Klose recorded that in 1842 within th 4 locals, Murray, 2 Encounter Bay, Port Lincol an Aboriginal man “for ten years for stealin

Guérard does not include vegetation in a scene sk 19, 20; Calvert 37, Figures fishing and hunting on its banks with several mature grounds. The accuracy of the depiction of ve picturesque artist John Glover also in 1856 depicts the ‘First Railway Bridge’ from south- western bank with a group of Aboriginals featured in the foreground and grazing cows to the fore-right. Given art compositional rules of include Indigenous subjects and grazing cows in paintings even if they were not resident on the location thus heightening the romanticism of scene. Accordingly, it is not possible to conclude that the area was actually being used as an Indigenous encampment and fishing hunting venue by the mid 1850s contrary to what

TULYA WODLI: 447 e first steam powered railway line in Australia. ober 1857, thus creating the railway along ober 1857, thus Karrawirra Parri. Image resolution is poor. Source: poor. Source: Image resolution is Karrawirra Parri. t Adelaide or Northern Railway Line route running route Line Railway Northern or t Adelaide e line to Port Adelaide was opened on 19 April il October 1851 that the colonial parliament was formed in London in 1848. Construction was formed in London 1848. Construction 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure depicting the location and spatial fencing arrangement of the “Sheep “Sheep the of arrangement fencing spatial and location the depicting (1849) depicts these yards and their pending intrusion by Map of Adelaide Map of Adelaide enabling the construction of a railway line from Adelaide to Port Act Yard” in the middle left with the proposed Adelaide-Por with left middle Yard” in the Torrens/ the River somewhat parallel to site through the ACC archives. Extract from Freeling’s 1849 Extract from By 1849 a series of Cattle Yards had been established on land that is now part the Railway Yards. Freeling’s proposed Northern Railway line alignment and construction (Freeling 1849). While the first Australian ordinance enabling the construction of railway lines was passed in not unt 1847, it as South Australia on 26 March passed an supervised by a Board of Undertakers; creating th During 1851-7 construction commenced on the Port Adelaide and Gawler rail line by the Adelaide City and Port Railway Company that Adelaide – Smithfield line, and the and track laying was completed on 1 June 1857 for the Smithfield – Gawler line was completed on 5 Oct north-eastern flank of Tulya Wodli/Park 27. Th over the River tenders were called for the construction of a bridge 1856. In 1854 , Municipal Act, 1840 ) along the River isoners themselves, were also of a he new gaol would be on the southern had been made upon the subject by progress at a sufficient porion of the edifice a to an article in the July 1834 issue of John of 6s per cattle head, 2s 6d calf and small e Slaughterhouse had been established by the sess a radial design (Danvers 1986, pp. 3, 33) sess a radial design (Danvers 1986, pp. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Colonial Secretary approved the purchase and in timber post and wire the late 1860s, s were shifted “to a spot near the present on that Kingston, writing on 4 July 1840, rs 1986, pp. 33-34; Swager Brooks & Partners rs 1986, pp. 33-34; Swager gn. Today, it is one of only two, the other ew arrivals of the authority the state.” The earlier timber structure erected in 1837-38. terhouse’s first Clerk and a new “modest” use functions at a cost of £853 to the patients or convicts in close proximity. 878, p. 26; Morton 1996, pp. 5, 6, 7, 88). 878, p. 26; Morton gether with the new Government House. Both described the urgency of its construction as: te revenue. Later, Town Clerk Thomas Worsnop owing cattle and sheep export business. Its were ogous to period panopticon designs used in s four towers,” was occupied by December 1840, ctioned by Governor Gawler in 1841, and it tion had been effectively removed from Tulya tect and Colonial Engineer George Strickland that profiled the recently completed Tothill Fields that the most desirable site for t Sheriff and the complaints of the pr (Gawler in Danvers 1986, p. 16). r a representation of the strongest kind December 1840). st-Contact Associations (Kingston in Danvers 1986, p. 16). Architectural Magazine South Australian matter of very strong emergency The Gaol was commenced afte the Grand Jury. The reports of the description to make the sudden commencement and rapid His Excellency expressed his opinion bank of Thebarton by this time most of the indigenous vegeta structure was erected to service the Slaughterho Corporation to replace an existing structure. Fees structures were erected to designs by archi Site selection was determined by Gawler; a selecti Historical Overview: Po From the 1830s to late 1870s Tulya Wodli/Park 27 was used for grazing, fire wood collection, and agistment. It was generally fenced Wodli/Park 27 except scattered River Red Gum ( Torrens/Karrawirra Parri banks. During 1840 the Corporation’s cattle market yard slaughter-house, and a cattle market opened.” Th functions transferred to the Corporation in approximately 1843 under wherein it became a source of Corporation ra reported that R Dodd was appointed the Slaugh cattle, and 1s per pig were charged (Worsnop 1 Construction of the Adelaide Gaol was san contributed the colony’s bankruptcy in 1841 to Kingston. The Gaol structure was to replace an eighteenth and nineteen century England for hospital and prison construction. The form was a radial that enabled central observation of many Claudius Loudon’s Prison, as the potential source of Kingston’s desi Gaol, gaols in Australia that pos being Parramatta The Adelaide Gaol was constructed by builders Borrow and Goodiar for a tender of £17,000, with works commencing in July 1840. Gawler supported the logic of: The site location also “served as a reminder to n colonial government in 1835 to service the gr Kingston devised a half-decagon design, anal Academic architect Donald Langmead has pointed first part of the half-decagon, with “two it but completion works proceeded progressively discussions and thwarted by building arbitration the rising costs of project. By 31 December 1841 some £16,792.10 had been expended, but the complex was only half built. In May 1845 erection of 2 cottages near the Adelaide Gaol for government use. The main complex was the erection finished by 1850, and a tender was awarded to Thomas & John Baker for £1,490 of a three storey 30 cell block for women (Danve 1989, p. 37;

Olea ; ) press in

[City of Adelaide] [City of Adelaide] europaea , 22 February 1862;

TULYA WODLI: 448 ) cultivation in South Olea more useful purpose than it had ted. They were puny slips of chiefly supplied by Captain europaea

], to take substantial steps with a e women and orphans s in 1876-1877, importing s in 1876-1877, Olea Adelaide Observer ( Moreton 1996, p. 159; Hardy 1881). Hardy 1881). Moreton 1996, p. 159;

) oil manufacturing and in the year 1870 to providing for the light-sentenced prisoners detained ) plantations around the Park Lands as he the Gaol to enable work for short term prohibited from purchasing olives private Olea europaea the prison, and on either side the ground has been [ undergone some improvement. A metalled road now These works were not without criticism both supplemented by fruit from other Council groves. light loam, with a large admixture of clay – and grew GRG 24/6/1740 (1855) Colonial Secretary to (1855) Colonial GRG 24/6/1740 oyed with his use of Gaol labour. Boothby re of the works despite Boothby’s altruism. The Town Clerk, ACC, 7 July 1855, GRG 24/6/1381 creased from about 1,100 trees in 1862 to over nd works included the establishment of 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES europaea character. The Park Lands adjoining – bare and europaea

onstructed renovations to the external grounds of

Secretary, 2 August 1855, GRG 24/6/2505 (1855); ry, 13 August 1855, GRG 24/6/2644 (1855); the Asylum, destitut rs.on.net/~craighill/Research/Towards.html periment and, with the concurrence of the Olea Olea were thus turned into strips, leaving ample walks in all ce, Keeper of the Gaol, were plan enching and preparing it for some e first successful commercial olive ( ) plantations, by short term prison labour, under Gaol Sheriff ) growing Mediterranean area of olive and gum trees planted described Boothby as the “first [2.4-2.8ha] europaea

europaea Register

Olea The Olea , in 1868, recorded in more detail, the history and development of these , in 1868, recorded in February 1862 wrote: in February 1862 wrote: ) crushing and bottling making equipment in … the reserve in front of the Adelaide Gaol recently leads from the Port-road to principal entrances of trenched, and several hundreds Flightpath 2002, p. 83). (www.users.on.net/~craighill/Miscellany/Heritage.html). …the Sheriff, Mr W. R. Boothby, found a difficulty in in the Adelaide Gaol employment of a suitable uninviting – offered an excellent field for ex Corporation, gangs were engaged in tr served. Six or seven acres The operation was so successful that Boothby was soon producers, although the Gaol olives continued to be These olives were harvested by ‘lunatics’ from directions.… On the trenched strips young olive-trees Simpson and obtained by Mr Lawren things, but they took kindly to the soil – a sort of Adelaide Observer view to demonstrating the value of olive ( enabled a cheap maintenance regime to be empl visited several olive ( cuttings ‘Boothby’s Lucca’ or ‘Frantoiana’ from Italy, and thereupon installed simple olive ( europaea plantations around the Gaol in prisoners. The 1880. 5,000 trees by Australia, but also the retention of olive ( to Francis’s hand (Letter, Colonial Secretary to (1855); letter, Town Clerk, ACC, to Colonial letter, Town Clerk, ACC, to Colonial Secreta (1855); Colonial 24/6/1605 1855, GRG Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, ACC, 2 August Secretary to Town Clerk, ACC, 20 August 1855, Secretary to Town Clerk, (1855) Colonial 24/6/2129 Town Clerk, ACC, 2 August 1855, GRG (1855)). 24/6/3289 ACC, 2 August 1855, GRG was constructed using prison labour. It Parri weir In 1862 the first River Torrens/Karrawirra was subsequently destroyed by flood waters in 1872. At the same time the first Torrens Weir was c the Adelaide Gaol were entertained. The grou present extant Olive ( & Superintendent William Boothby (1829-1903). in terms of the use labour as well natu Adelaide Observer The role of Boothby is instrumental in the advance of olive ( manufacture oil.” The Gaol was th Australia, despite earlier attempts (www.use www.users.on.net/~craighill/Miscellany.html; www.users.on.net/~craighill/Miscellany/Heritage.html; The olive plantation works under Sheriff Boothby’s direction:

Olea

8 July 1857, te Heritage File 6628- The Register ( sert of blinding, suffocating dust the … With such roads as now 17 June 1854, p. 4; 8 July 1857, 17 June 1854, ssp] …” It is possible the plan author bridge was repositioned in 1925 as part of quiring the appointment of an expert referee The Register rnor indicating that “the writer of the bridge was upgraded and a bowstring 1990, pp. 234-235; Sta ehicles but to deviate in all directions from the track, was successful with a tender of £8000 for the whereas the sketch text is similar in style de Railway Station was also erected during this rden, George Francis, more so than Bailey as d by advertisements in the usual newspapers, blic Square” being sent to the Corporation on 9 pearance of the Park Lands. For example, on as the Park Lands generally were commonplace y have really been prompted by critical have been prompted by concerns from the Eucalyptus wishes and propose to do so by means of et al e oldest surviving railway stations in South e oldest surviving the colonial Governor than Corporation. made use of.” The Colonial Secretary appointed e Corporation’s Town Clerk expressing a desire on the eastern side abutments. Additional e Governor volunteered a budget of £400, “a sum acres [0.2ha] or even quarter [0.1ha] in in the selection of the position several at he wishes” which the Corporation eagerly ery side and rendering it utterly useless than a quagmire in winter, and a de wrote in July 1857: , including reports of public meetings that voiced critique of ed roads are constructed through through constructed are roads ed ckney Nursery, to this role. Unfortunately scheme ssp] and Gum-tree [ The Register The Register Acacia 19 December 1855; Marsden Register ], the Wattle [ in summer, … unless properly fenc disgrace the Park Lands there is no alternative for v thus cutting up acres of pasturage on ev The Park Lands will never be other p. 2). europaea was inaugural director of the Adelaide Botanic Ga there is no evidence of Bailey’s plan drawing skills p. 2), that were in many ways directed towards For example, the editor of Willingly, to assist these landscaping works, th sufficient to accomplish much, but not all th accepted “at once to carry out His Excellency’s competent gardeners [on] contracts to be obtaine the works generally being performed under supervision of the City Surveyor.” With acceptance, the Governor imposed one condition re to monitor the works: “that some person should be nominated by himself to represent the Executive in this matter and to have a voice plantations and of the species fencing to be horticulturist John Bailey, of Ha unknown collapsed with the dissolution of Legislative Council in August 1855 despite authored sketch “on the subject of planting a Pu Torrens/Karrawirra Parri for which Jacob Pitman constructed by James Martin & Co positioned bridgework occurred in the 1901-11. The bowstring upgrading, and the early 1980s. The North Adelai period, in 1857, and remains today as one of th Australia ( 13657; Donovan 1982, pp 2.21-24). Discussions by the Corporation and Mayors (Lord Mayors) about landscaping River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri embankments as well from the mid 1850s onwards. The thoughts ma comments and articles in the quality of the Park Lands, in 1854 onwards (eg., These public debates and discussions appear to colonial Governor about the overall aesthetic ap 17 July 1855 the Colonial Secretary wrote to th October 1855, with correspondence from the Gove memorandum has indicated some most sensible and just views of Landscape Gardening…” The advice included a recommendation that, “in a climate like South Australia’s and to avoid the inconvenience of having to wait years for effect, clumps should be formed the Olive [ erection of cast iron frame by Pybus, wrought ironwork Baker, and a concrete bridge to a design by Benjamin Babbage. The bridge, with a span on 106 feet [32m], 32 [9.75m] above the River, included girders at 13 foot [3.96m] intervals and 5 feet [1.5m] thick concrete foundations protected by sheet piling. In 1876 this “that something should be done to improve the present very unsightly appearance of most of the Park Lands near Town; which he [Governor Gawler] thinks might be effected by the judicious planting of clumps trees on half suitable positions; care being taken to fence such clumps with strong but neat fencing.”

) trees in the , 24 July 1883, p. , 24 July 1883, ) plantings in ese plantings when europaea gislature during the ...

TULYA WODLI: 449 ; letter, William Pengilly ; letter, William Pengilly Olea europaea

) cuttings and trees The Register Olea , 1879, p. 104; letter, Marlowe to ) plantations in the Park Lands ) groves “between the Port and Olea europaea europaea

ted the existence of th ) plantations elsewhere in the Park Lands, europaea

Olea Debates in the Houses of Le 1878, TC 1878/1129; letter, Barnard to Town s to West Terrace, and then along both sides Annual Report tings for Tuyla Wodli/Park 27. Italian olive ese plantings, inaugural City Gardener William in Thebarton to the present Morphett Street am Pengilly, City Gardener, to Town Clerk, 16 1/1956; letter, Villanis to Town Clerk, 5 June -15; Daly 1987, pp. 107-111; Martindale 1958, Gaol’s ‘commercial’ activities in 1909 through Olea (Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia, 1877), (Adelaide, Parliament Francis through a contract. He was also lished plantations along the north side of North europaea uary 1886, TC 1886/465 tations along many of the roadways that dissected

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES em in various specified locations thoughout the mented in a City Surveyor’s Office prepared ‘Plan being planted. By 1880 the plantation stretched Olea 519 and 4 September 1872, TC 1872/622). 1872, TC 1872/622). 519 and 4 September , 1876, p. 4; , 1876, p. 4; Annual Report ) Oil Rumpus’, that the Gaol relinquished its management of the europaea

) expert Paolo Villanis, in 1882, corrobora Olea Olea europaea Slaughterhouse Roads and Sheep Market” in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 amongst other locations (Letter, Paolo Villanis to Town Clerk, 13 July 1883, TC 1883/2224; 6; letter, Paolo Villanis to Town Clerk, 22 Febr TC 1872/ to Town Clerk, 16 July 1872, September 1870, p. 5; South Australia, Parliament, September 1870, p. 5; South specifically for these plantations. Some 300 trees were provided in 1872, and a further 600 to the construction and alignment of 1876. Some 364 trees were relocated in 1878-79 due Nairne (Melbourne) Railway through Tulya Wodli/Park 27 but somehow the new plantation was enlarged to over 12 ha with some 3,020 trees from Shierlaw Terrace [East Terrace/Port Road] for the Corporation recording substantial olive ( session of the ... Parliament of South Australia, [1877] p. 1563). The Corporation aided in this endeavour supplying olive ( Bridge excluding the Corporation’s Cattle & Market Yards fronting North Terrace (opposite the University of South Australia today) but which was compromised by the later alienations and the Thebarton Police Barracks in 1913 railway line extensions and yards in 1880 1913, and 1917. Further, as distinct from olive ( these plantations were harvested solely by prisoners from the Gaol and produce and oil obtained earned revenue for the Gaol operations. It was only due to a decline in the market value of olives, and public complaints about the the ‘Olive ( plantations to the Corporation (Hill 2006, pp. 14 np; Burgess 1907-1909, Vol 2, p. 121; letter, Willi 1872/519; TC July 1872, Town Clerk, 12 May 1876, TC 1876/970, 28 April TC 1880/865; 2 April 1880, TC 1879/1077, April 1879, 1879/867, 11 1879, TC Clerk, 24 March letter, Smith to Town Clerk, 9 July 1881, TC 188 11 April 1885, TC 1885/892. 1884, TC 1884/1846, In the interim, while Boothby was undertaking th O’Brien was busy establishing the gardens within Squares of the municipality building upon the plantings and layouts established by George involved in establishing fenced shelterbelt plan the Park Lands. By 1865 it was clear, as docu of the City Adelaide’, that O’Brien had estab Terrace from the Morphett Street Bridge westward of Port Road to Shierlaw Terrace (Port in Thebarton) from the North/West Terrace intersection then to East Terrace on the edge of Thebarton. While Francis, Bailey and Boothby were predominantly planting olive ( Park Lands, City Gardener William Pengilly also undertook olive ( several areas. During 1872 he was planting th Squares but he mentioned no plan Park Lands and ( he reviewed the state and condition of all the olive ( , , 20

[0.9-1.2ha] The Register Annual Report in favour of having it und not to answer and so strong feeling on the part ke myself acquainted with weight of their produce, whilst in point of appearance the tree liage a rich store of large berries, nicipal control. It contains about 13 June 1868, p. 9). ich is yielded here so readily, and altogether too voluminous to be is not a little surprising that more Smith, of Medindie, was adopted. union between the bud and stock, Gardens raised from imported suckers, g profusely clothed with ripe fruit. trees as it offers little temptation to Observer

trenching it, so as to have it ready for , 23 July 1870, p. 9; [Edwin] 17 May 1879). deserving of consideration The Olive: Its Culture & Products in the south plant. There is a very [Hackney] Mr h I collected, have eliminated those points upon re budded; but this was fo was this but budded; re Adelaide appears that they were planted in the y seedlings that required grafting. This was a oil. … the following notes have been compiled from ea is covered with trees from three or four planting around the Gaol … and [it was] limited and unclear as to what was developed tfully occupied. The Corporation obliged such countries of Europe, and ma on MLC complained in the colonial parliament , it is clear that they were a regular source of The Observer the Corporation. The nature and location of tions to approximately 10 ha over which was [sic.] ( the Powder Magazine and Counselling Centre ors or manufacturers might require information formation on the prison gardens, and the gardens an region, the book reports on his holidays: are completely borne down by the The soil has been proven suitable; ] ]. e of the ground, where bark was more soft and tender. The graft, than quantity, conceal under their fo [horticulturist] de to make the best of a product wh may be turned to good account. It few exceptions, it took well. Once having effected a start, new wood here is a block of land also under mu The information which I gleaned is offered by the tough bark to South Australian Register eties growing near Bailey’s serves; it is superior to ordinary garden Olea europaea high, the branches of scores them bein [ , 20 July 1870, p. 6; comparatively trifling Olea europaea [ [4.5m] , and gangs of prisoners are now employed in ssp) planted is also unclear, but it The Register (1878) (www.users.on.net/~craighill/Miscellany.html; Nottle 2005, np). A (1878) (www.users.on.net/~craighill/Miscellany.html; [6ha] Eucalyptus systematic attempts have not been ma of the Sheriff and some other citizens whose opinions are is well adapted for public re loungers; and, what is more, its fruit in return for exertions so information gained during my tour. (www.users.on.net/~craighill/Sources.html). amazingly. Acting under advice, numbers of them we the plan of grafting, recommended by In order to counteract the opposition the tree was cut down below the surfac obtained from approved vari was then introduced; and, with very was made with great rapidity, and now the whole ar to fully fifteen feet Some of the smaller olives others, distinguished more for quality from which the oil upon pressure exudes in quantity. To the westward of this plantation t fifteen acres whatever the Corporation in its wisdom may think fit to also covered with olives published in full; but from the mass of particulars whic which it appeared to me intending olive cultivat … in the years 1876 and 1877, to visit olive the processes of olive cultivation and manufacture of planted between 4,000 to 5,000 olive trees; probabl little ‘empire in the making’ as Boothby increasingly sought additional land such that by 1877 architect and politician George Strickland Kingst that “the Sheriff was year by enclosing new portions of the Park Lands” ( December 1864; beginning to assume a pleasing appearance.” He now sought additional land from the Corporation to keep his short-term prisoners frui that by 1870 Boothby had expanded the planta By December 1864 Boothby had completed “the While the design is unclear for these plantations labour for prisoners, especially “short sentenced prisoners.” By 1879 the plantations had labour for prisoners, especially “short sentenced prisoners.” By become an integral part of the Adelaide Gaol economy, and were aided by the regular morning spreading of night-soil fertilisation provided by “gums” ( south-eastern portion of the Gaol reserve. In established to the north-west of Gaol are also and the nature of the development. Remnants of several of these gardens – ‘Stone Garden’ - exist today within the Gaol reserve adjacent to (Flightpath 2002, pp. 83, 85, 89; Boothby’s knowledge was exhibited in his publication of France and Italy product of his ‘holidays’ in the Mediterrane

; ;

sativa

; 24], Pinus ssp; 24], ; 216], granatum ilex

Olea ssp; 280], Castanea oleander Cupressus Punica

ssp), bamboo Quercus ) trees are very Quercus ssp; 4,450], Poplars Poplars ssp; 4,450], Salix TULYA WODLI: 450 Nerium y towards a mixture of europaea 21], Stone Pines [

; 48], Sycamors [sic; ), and five mulberries ssp] cuttings, making a grand Corymbia Olea / 90 outside the Adelaide Gaol watereri Populus babylonica x

ssp; 14], Ches[t]nuts [ ssp; 99], Oaks [ ; 24], Pomegranates [ ssp along the entrance roadways, ssp; 1,627], Cupressus [ Eucalyptus Ficus Salix regia

rk 27) as planting venues without stating Ligustrum lucidum; ic panorama of Adelaide also provides a Robinia ing planted is unclear but it known that / ssp; 74]. Evergreen Oaks [ ssp; 74]. Evergreen Significantly, not a tree is to be seen in the ller advising of extensive tree planting works ions amongst other place, the East Park interestingly demonstrates a strong overall Laburnum on Slaughter House Road (Danvers 1986, p. ver Torrens” from Albert Bridge to the Weir planted in various locations throughout the ‘Plan’. The photograph depicts the vegetation- ‘Plan’. The photograph k 26); along East, West, North and South “Pines [Pinus ssp] ... [and] Gums [Eucalyptus Eucalyptus ien records donations of an unspecified number Mayor, 19 August 1867; ACC Archives). These 1885 and 1925, the complex, except one Juglans His preference was clearl ) were planted in these two areas (Letter from W 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES onstructed railway line and bridge cuts a swath point is that a large number of Olive ( Acacia tree specimens in these areas today, that this was the most detailed account of the great number of Wodli/Park 27 in 1865 confirming much of what rrace landscape (Duryea 1865; Harris 1999, p. 63). rrace landscape (Duryea 1865; Harris 1999, Allocasuarina ; 249 in number], Oleanders [ ; 249 in number], ssp] and poplar [ ; 12], Gums [ / Aristolochia europaea

; 10,600], Ficus [ ; 10,600], Salix nobilis City Surveyor’s Office ‘Plan’ of 1865.

; 6], China Privet [ Olea t also the typical species he was seeking to establish in late s were erected at a cost of £8 No 29, 1876). australisca Casuarina / ssp), weeping willows ( ; 149], Laburnums [ europaea ; 30], Acacias [ ssp), herbaceous plants and bulbs, willow ( Laurus

ssp; 6], Walnuts [ var SAPP tinus Rosa Olea

macrophylla Callitris

Ulmus monogyna Ligustrum

azedarach Ficus

ssp; 50], Aristolochias [ Viburnum ssp), rose ( Melia Crataegus ssp), privet ( Fraxinus Populus ssp; 48], Elms [ ssp; 100], Olives [ ) trees are being planted, and O’Brien ment ssp) from various individuals. These were ; 78], Native Pines [ Bambusa Morus Populus Photographer Townsend Duryea’s 1865 photograph valuable record of what was extant in Tulya City Surveyor’s Office was contained in the 1865 barren landscape, with the Gaol buildings. Newly planted Olive ( that had been carried out over the previous autumn planting season under his care. The list is extensive and valuable to consider. Further, O’Brien records where these specimens were being generally planted but unfortunately not the specific details of these plantings per place. Specimens included “Laurels [ Moreton Bay Figs [ Platanus 2], Ash [ clear to the south of the Gaol, and newly c through the land. The ‘Adelaide Tribe’ brick sheds, between railway line and River have been demolished. Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, Adelaide Gaol to Port Road Shierlaw Te In August 1867 O’Brien wrote to Mayor Henry Fu pinea White Cedar [ [ Laurestinas [sic; Whitethorn [ 18], also, about one thousand willow [ total of about 19,249 plants.” In addition, O’Br total of about 19,249 plants.” poplar ( ( ( municipality including along “Both sides of the Ri (Karrawirra/Park 12 and Tandanya Womma/Par Terraces; along the “North Terrace Esplanade”; along the Slaughterhouse Road (Tulya Wodli/Park 27); behind the Cattle Yards in North Terrace adjoining the River (Tulya Woldi/Park 27) (Letter from W O’Brien to the initial plantings are confirmed in the This is an important inventory as it presents trees that O’Brien was planting bu 1860s in the municipality and Park Lands. indigenous British and Mediterranean species, but preference to Australian native species including ssp].” Unfortunately where these specimens are be O’Brien was planting shelterbelts or avenues of through the Park Lands. The other important Lands and the Slaughterhouse Road (Tulya Wodli/Pa the species. It is very likely, given age of when the majority of these Olive ( O’Brien to the Mayor, 19 August 1867; ACC Archives). gaol guard cottage In 1875 several europaea boundary. They were located in the ‘Dog Paddocks’, to the south and west of Gaol compound. Additional cottages were added in were sited cottage, was demolished in 1971. They 2002, p. 81; 36; Flightpath

e intersection of North and e intersection of North rds are depicted as a series of rds are depicted as a Street where theexists SK8 park e rectangular-shaped Slaughterhouse Slaughterhouse e rectangular-shaped of Port Road, the original roadway leading into the roadway leading of Port Road, the original Port Adelaide and Gawler is also indicated sweeping indicated also Gawler is and Adelaide Port ace. Light’s “island” in the River Torrens/Karrawirra Torrens/Karrawirra River in the “island” Light’s ace. ation’s Cattle Yards near th ation’s Cattle Yards a further small building and fenced enclosure on the fenced enclosure on and small building a further e fenced shelterbelt plantations that inaugural City City inaugural that plantations shelterbelt e fenced antations in Tuyla Wodli/Park 27 in 1865. Note the the Note 27 in 1865. in Tuyla Wodli/Park antations by the City Surveyor’s Office and dated 11 February 1865 Office and dated 11 February 1865 City Surveyor’s the by Figure lling yards exist today. The Cattle Ya lling yards Cattle The exist today. terhouse Manager’s Residence to th to Residence Manager’s terhouse ection of North Terrace and Morphett Terrace and North ection of Gardener William O’Brien had established along both sides both sides established along had O’Brien William Gardener that depicts building, roads and roadside shelterbelt pl shelterbelt roadside and roads depicts building, that today.The alignment reserveof the ‘Northern Railway’ to extensiv the also Note 27. Wodli/Park Tulya through Terr North of side northern along the and Gaol precinct, Archives. ACC Source: survey. in this not evident clearly is Parri Extract of a ‘Plan of the City of Adelaide’ as prepared Adelaide’ City of the Extract of a ‘Plan the past which leads intersection Terrace & East Road Port the from Slaughterhouse to the road access straight former Ranger’s ResidenceSlaugh or of the corner inters north-western building with its adjacent cattle yards. Note the fenced roadway from the Slaughteryards eastwards that winds that eastwards Slaughteryards the from roadway fenced the Note yards. cattle adjacent its building with Corpor former to the Gaol precinct Adelaide the around railway marsha West Terraces where the with buildings two small approximately with enclosures

structures, structures,

TULYA WODLI: 451 ed iron roofed ed iron totally devoid of trees whether on of trees whether devoid totally ograph taken from the Newmarket Hotel in Hotel Newmarket from the taken ograph s. The new railway line skirting around to the skirting around railway line The new s. shelterbelt plantings. Source: History Trust of of Trust History Source: plantings. shelterbelt elt plantings undertaken by inaugural City Gardener City Gardener inaugural by undertaken elt plantings e several timber and galvanis and e several timber nsive rough-cut timber post and rail fencing is evident. post and rail fencing nsive rough-cut timber

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure Figure the Gaol, and a landscape scene that is that scene landscape a and Gaol, the chives GN4830; Morton 1996, p. 24. 1996, p. 24. Morton GN4830; chives to the rear of the Cattle Yards. Phot Cattle to the rear the of ) specimens that had been planted by Gaol internee that had been planted by ) specimens seen stretching to the north-west as a line devoid of line a as north-west the to stretching seen trees stretching outthe whichRoadPort is shelterb Olea europea aughterhouse appears behind left to left behind appears aughterhouse A balloon ascent occurring ar foreground the In north-west. Terrace looking North and holding pens associated with the Cattle Yards. Exte Yards. Cattle the with associated pens and holding Ar House Parliament Source: Old

Figure

Hall tower. To the left is a line of is left To the Hall tower. The two storey galvanised iron roofed Sl iron storey galvanised The two rt Road through Brompton/Bowden can also be Brompton/Bowden rt Road through ilding is located is the Gaol Road and a mass of young Olive ( young a mass of Road and the Gaol ilding is located looking north-west from the Adelaide Town the Adelaide from looking north-west tre right) can be observed in the centre. in the observed can be tre right) raParri watercourse is veryevident. Po the plains or in the River Torrens/Karrawir the River the plains or in South Australia. north and the new railway bridge arches (cen arches bridge railway new the north and Extract Duryea of the Townsend 1865 photograph bu Gaol where the the middle left to From the William O’Brien.

TULYA WODLI: 452 rtment in 1880 that depicts 1880 that depicts rtment in ) Plantations, the the ) Plantations, elaide-south railway line Terraces intersection. Source: Source: intersection. Terraces ) trees in the Corporation’s Olea europaea Olea europaea

uster of fencing and structures associated with the the with associated structures and of fencing uster nated a tract of land in Tulya Woldi/Park 27 nated a tract of land in Tulya rposes. This involved the significant uprooting Olea enable the Adelaide Loop Line in 1909 under raight roadway, the new Ad new the roadway, raight line expansion into the lower portion of Tulya 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Depa the Surveyor-General’s Figure Figure elaide, in Griffin & McCaskill 1986 frontispiece. 1986 frontispiece. & McCaskill Griffin in elaide, , and the railway marshalling and service yards in , and the railway marshalling rk 27. Noterkthe 27. extensive “Olive ( immediate north of the North and West and North the immediate north of Adelaide Gaol Reserve Alteration Act, 1911 Extract of a ‘Military Map of Adelaide’ as prepared by as prepared Adelaide’ Map of Extract of a ‘Military st and its original the Gaol complex, “Slaughterhouse” cl the 27, and Wodli/Park Tulya through sweeping corridor Yards” to Corporation’s “Cattle the Ad of 1880, Military Map Dept Surveyor-Generals land use activities in Tulya Wodli/Pa Tulya in land use activities the plantations. This was the first phase of railway Wodli/Park 27 that included later an excision to permanentlyIn 1878 the colonial government alie by legislation to enable the construction of the Adelaide-Port Railway and Adelaide-Nairne Railway together with land for Station pu and destruction of several hundred mature olive (

) plantations were Newmarket Hotel where europaea

the present restaurant and weir weir and restaurant present the Olea wnscape within the tree canopy in the tree canopy in wnscape within the use in 1878-79. During this period the market to the Gaol Road before skirting towards the age, commenced at North Terrace at the site of locations of the Slaughter House, Gaol, Olive undertaken by the Corporation as to yards undertaken tely opposite the present Figure in the 1870s before Weir was erected and Lake Torrens Lake Torrens was erected and Weir before 1870s in the s of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri, approximately approximately Parri, Torrens/Karrawirra the River s of

(1878) Town Clerk Thomas Worsnop included a map ce: Moreton 1997, p. 11, MLSA B26486. B26486. 11, MLSA 1997, p. Moreton ce: located today, possibly looking from today, possibly located des, and glimpses of the Adelaide to Adelaide the des, and glimpses of 1878-79, p. 81). History of the City Adelaide Annual Report ) Plantations, Sheep Market, and the Slaughter House Road that traversed Tulya europaea

where the main portion of the Lake is portion of the main where the si rial fenced and location, with post Sour image. portion of the upper right created. The scene depicts the deeply eroded bank eroded deeply the depicts scene The created. Photograph of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri Olea associated with the cattle yards and Slaughter Ho was newly split between large cattle and sheep, and new yards erected specifically to service the sheep market ( located on both sides of this Road surrounding the Gaol. The Slaughter House is depicted as two structures with an adjacent cattle yard. Worsnop’s plan illustrates restructuring works In compiling a of the municipality. The map depicts conceptual the present railway maintenance sheds are extant today. Olive ( ( Wodli/Park 27. ‘Slaughterhouse Road’, at one st the SK8 park today, and interconnected in a line River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri and thence to the Slaughterhouse complex. The Sheep Market was a series of rectangular paddocks immedia

planted; these ).

TULYA WODLI: 453 Montefiore-road opposite these carriage drives: macrophylla

a row of trees be antation, until it joins the other antation, until it joins

Durmast Oak Durmast Current Common Name Pine Pine, Cluster Maritime Orford Port Lawson Cypress, Cedar Pine Norfolk Island Pine Bay Hoop Pine, Moreton Fir Douglas Giant Thuya, Western Aborvitae, Cedar Red Western Pencil Cedar, Eastern Red Cedar Cork Oak Scotch Elm, Wych Elm English Elm White Ash English Ash London Plane Oriental Plane Gum Sugar Oak Common English Oak, Ficus , and to be inserted at fifty feet ]

Bridge, running along back of an parallel to wn on Plan; that is, one starting from gate at occasions as those referred to, I have to advise that macrophylla of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edge other Drive entering from

eet bridge to the Hackney Road bridge, and in way Bridge, thence along line of Railway until it joins ces to portions within each Park. While Tulya

e part of the southern or river-side carriage tent and the locations of esent boundary of Piltawodli/Park 1 and Tulya to portray the visual outcomes that Brown was Substantially, the upper carriage drive appears e drive creation and siting, the manner and Ficus her carriage drive was proposed along the River 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES lied specifically to the River Torrens/Karrawirra e escarpment was the establishment of a carriage (Brown 1880, p. 14). (Brown 1880, ‘maritima’ [Morphett Street] acerifolius acerifolius x described above, I would suggest that of hill, also parallel to fence pl portion of Tulya Wodli/Park 27 from his

Current Scientific Nomenclature Platanus orientalis [Moreton Bay Fig; Quercus petraea Quercus (1880) [sic] olia Platanus apart and protected by guards …

Nomenclature as used Nomenclature as used by JE Brown Pinus Longifolia Pinus Geradiana Pinus Pinaster Pinus Maritima Cupressus Lawsoniana ? Pinus gerardiana Araucaria Excelsa lawsoniana Chamaecyparis Araucaria Cunninghamii Pinus pinaster Pinus nigra Abies Douglasii Abies Orientalis Araucaria cunninghamii Thuja Lobii Araucaria heterophylla Juniperus Virginiana menziesii Pseudotsuga Ulmus Suberosa ? Ulmus Montana Ulmus Campestris Juniperus virginiana Thuja plicata Fraxinus Americana Fraxinus Excelsior Quercus suber Platanus acerif Ulmus glabra Plantanus Orientalis Ulmus procera Fraxinus americana Corynocalyx Eucalyptus Fraxinus excelsior Quercus essiliflora Quercus pedunculata cladocalyx Eucalyptus Quercus robur [16.76m] In order to make this Park deservedly popular on such Carriage Drives be constructed through the grounds as sho end of present plantation near Victoria the fence of plantation on river side to near Rail the road from Nort Adelaide to Hindmarsh; and an the Oval, and winding round foot Drive near the Railway. On the inner or park-side of the road to be Ficus Macrophylla

for th Central in this planting design proposal drive along the base of escarpment. A furt Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edge also along the pr quite specific in his Wodli/Park 27. Brown is These are very specific instructions as to carriag species that needed to accompany these routes. to have been constructed and planted, a larg drive was constructed and planted; both with Moreton Bay Figs ( But while Brown excluded the larger recommendations, he proposed a major renovation to craft a more Gardenesque landscape setting. Conceptually this recommendation was quite detailed in its planting design strategy, adopting a strong Gardenesque philosophy, and was accompanied by a suite of lithograph images so seeking to achieve. This recommendation app Parri embankments from the present Morphett Str its description occasionally makes specific referen

Adelaide Gaol 1880. Note the 1880. open Note c. ). Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide (Moreton 1996, p. 148; this area consisted of a “rich flat between ons, and the Corporation may not have e plantations as a form of fertiliser. “The portion of Tuyla Wodli/Park 27 in his site of these new plantings is unclear but it iore’ on the far hill, and the landscape works along the the along works the landscape and hill, far the on iore’ nds adjacent to Mill Street, North Adelaide. . He did however include Park 27A and 27B in the North line” (Brown 1880, p. 24). In a short the North line” (Brown 1880, p. 24). In very satisfactory manner, and the whole of the it was not in adjacent Narnungga/Park 25 a healthy condition” reported Mayor [Sir] Edwin Figure on of the Adelaide-Nairne railway line several per se ees to be planted in this area: the present Morphett Street Bridge in ) plantations in the Park Lands. The ‘yard’ was regularly ) plantations were known as the ‘olive yard’. Tulya Wodli/Park europaea

) trees were grubbed and City Gardener William Pengilly planted europaea Olea

europaea

Olea ) plantations, and cattle yard functi Adelaide Park Lands Alteration Act, 1917 Olea 1880-81, pp. 109-110; Moreton 1996, p. 158). 109-110; Moreton 1996, 1880-81, pp. europaea (1880) Brown did not include the larger

Report

Olea Montefiore Road looking north from near looking north Montefiore Road roadside. Source: Pike & Moore 1983, p. 73. & Moore Pike roadside. Source: paddocks to the left, Sir Samuel Way’s residence ‘Montef residence Way’s Samuel Sir left, the to paddocks Annual the two lines of railway and partly on east With the engagement of John Ednie Brown to prepare a Park Lands recommendations. Presumably this was because the land was occupied by the Slaughterhouse, olive ( perceived it a part of the wider ‘park lands’ his recommendations when reviewing the park la This area involves the triangular portion of land surrounded by Park Terrace, and the Port Northern Railway lines. In reviewing Parks 27A and 27B Brown observed that review he recommended the following tr

1917 under the 1917 under the Reserve Alteration Act, 1911; Adelaide Park Lands Alteration Act, 1917 By 1879 the olive ( 27, surrounding the Gaol and sweeping eastwards to the railway station hosted largest concentration of olive ( work [of the prisoners] is being carried out in a olive trees within the enclosure appear to be in Thomas Smith. In response to the constructi hundred olive ( some 3,000 new trees on 12ha nearby. The actual was presumably still in Tulya Wodli/Park 27 as ( maintained by Gaol prisoners under supervision, and the Corporation daily deposited night-soil, maintained by Gaol prisoners under supervision, and excrement and slaughterhouse refuse throughout th

‘Location’ as

TULYA WODLI: 454 Piltawodli (1880) that depicts Mill Terrace ssp) in this locality. Brown makes no reet Bridge, the creation of a “nicely-formed reet Bridge, the creation of a “nicely-formed th extensive perimeter plantings, and occasional clump and occasional plantings, th extensive perimeter cated. He observed that the River Red Gums Cupressus 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure Figure portion of Tulya Wodli/ Park 27, between the Port Port Park 27, between the Wodli/ Tulya portion of circuitous form” to a point then called “the ) and perceived the need for a more extensive plantation to be ) were generally “dead or dying” along this River edge and should in the A Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide Park Lands Adelaide Planting the of System A Report on a ‘Location’, Brown noted the poor and deteriorating quality of River Red Gums Map 21 from Brown’s Map 21 from triangular The Thebarton. in Terrace Park down to depicted wi line is Gawler Railway the and Railway Line Archive. Source: ACC the open spaces. plantings in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus camaldulensis observation as to ornamental trees extant in this location, including the Along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edge, between Morphett Street Bridge and the Piltawodli ( established. He proposed, from the Morphett St footpath to be constructed in a winding and is where the present weir lo ‘Willows’” which ( main be “removed to make place for more suitable kinds of trees.” This recommendation also applied to the “very sickly-looking” Cypresses ( also any buildings or structures in this locality (Brown 1880, pp. 13-14). In this regard he proposed the following trees:

Ficus (1880) depicting part of part of depicting (1880) ) lined southern flank now mirrors now mirrors flank lined southern ) Ficus macrophylla gly it is relevant to include a summation of his Figure Figure e bottom and east to the top of the Plan. A notional A the top of Plan. to e bottom and east but was in fact planted with Moreton Bay Figs ( Figs Bay with Moreton planted in fact was but al trees and a gravel journey route constructed within these within these constructed route journey a gravel and al trees on a System of Planting the Adelaide Park Lands Lands Park Adelaide the of Planting System on a

. Report

Report ) and other Victorian-era ornament other Victorian-era ) and alignment for a “carriage drive” along the Moreton Bay Fig ( the Moreton “carriage drive” along a for alignment Piltawodli/Park 1 (originally Park 27) with west to th west to Park 27) with 1 (originally Piltawodli/Park “carriage northern not-constructed the perceived whereas Drive, Memorial War of alignment and the location a notional alignment as on plan drive” as indicated macrophylla plantings. Source: Brown 1880. Brown plantings. Source: Extract from John Ednie Brown’s Brown’s John Ednie Extract from Wodli/Park 27 is excluded, Pitawodli/Park 1 partially included, and there the obtuse reference to the River-scape as a whole. Accordin recommendations in this

.

TULYA WODLI: 455 ) trees. The lower corridor, corridor, lower The trees. ) Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide the Planting of System Report on a Ficus macrophylla A System of Planting the Adelaide Park of Lands the Adelaide A System Planting 1880, and on the left what existed in 1949. The plan in 1949. existed the left what on 1880, and

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES of track more defined a by accompanied is and nner, ) as the tree to edge the drives. This is substantive evidence that that evidence is substantive This drives. the edge to tree the as ) ives, left, Brown 1880, left, Brown ives, appears today as Moreton Bay Fig ( as Moreton today appears macrophylla

Ficus y. Sources: ACC Arch y. Sources: ton Bay Figs ( Figs Bay ton proposed in 1880. On the right side, his plan in side, his plan in the right proposed in 1880. On Course and War Memorial Drive. Interestingly, Plan 3 of Brown’s 3 of Plan Interestingly, Drive. Memorial War and Course of the North Adelaide escarpment in a circuitous ma circuitous in a escarpment Adelaide North of the cating two lines or corridors of what of corridors cating two lines or Images:

Plantations’ and City Gardener respectivel Gardener City and Plantations’ e of the development of the Golf the the development of e of exactly the same positions and using More and exactly the same positions opment of the golf course, indi golf course, the opment of is more pronounced, follows the edge lower k 1 to enable a visual comparison between what John Ednie Brown John Ednie what comparison between a visual enable k 1 to cts the site prior to the devel to the site prior cts somewhat as a somewhat obscured consequenc er during their tenures as ‘Conservator of tenures as ‘Conservator their during er the establishment of two carriage drives in of two carriage drives the establishment t links with the weir. The upper corridor corridor upper The weir. t links with the was faithfully executed Brown by Pelz and (1880), inverted in this image, proposes (1880), inverted in this image, proposes Report Two images of the southern golf course portion of Piltawodli/Par golf southern the Two images of comparison. enable this visual re-aligned to has been depi the locality that of 1949 aerial photograph is a On the left

with an access track winds considerably bu considerably winds with an access track Brown’s carriage drive. The presence of these two corridors has been been has corridors two these of The presence drive. carriage Park Lands